US20230346719A1 - Multiple myeloma treatment - Google Patents

Multiple myeloma treatment Download PDF

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US20230346719A1
US20230346719A1 US18/350,914 US202318350914A US2023346719A1 US 20230346719 A1 US20230346719 A1 US 20230346719A1 US 202318350914 A US202318350914 A US 202318350914A US 2023346719 A1 US2023346719 A1 US 2023346719A1
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tsa
individual
improvement
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Mihael H. Polymeropoulos
Louis William Licamele
Christian Lavedan
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Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
    • A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
    • G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
    • G01N33/5743—Specifically defined cancers of skin, e.g. melanoma
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
    • G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
    • G01N2333/4701—Details
    • G01N2333/4739—Cyclin; Prad 1
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
    • G01N2800/52—Predicting or monitoring the response to treatment, e.g. for selection of therapy based on assay results in personalised medicine; Prognosis

Definitions

  • MM Multiple myeloma
  • Plasma cell myeloma is a multifocal plasma cell cancer of the osseous system, generally affecting elderly individuals. Most individuals are symptomatic when diagnosed, with diagnosis typically made by one or more of serum protein electrophoresis, serum free kappa/lambda light chain assay, urine protein electrophoresis (99% of patients with MM exhibit increased levels of one of the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes in the blood and/or light chains in the urine), bone marrow examination, or X-ray analysis. Although MM generally responds to chemotherapy, recurrence is common, since such treatment does not target cancer stem cells.
  • Ig immunoglobulin
  • SP tumor-initiating subpopulation
  • cyclin B1 CCNB1
  • CDC2 cell division cycle 2
  • BIRC5 baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5
  • abnormal spindle homolog CCNB1
  • AURKB kinesin family member 11
  • KIF11 kinesin family member 2c
  • Shaughnessy et al. report a 70-gene high-risk profile for multiple myeloma.
  • Two of the genes upregulated in this high-risk profile are CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B) and WEE1 homolog (S. pombe) (WEE1).
  • One embodiment of the invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising: administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA).
  • TSA trichostatin A
  • the invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising: determining, from a biological sample obtained from the individual’s body, a level of expression of at least one gene selected from a group consisting of: CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, and WEE1; and in the case that the level of expression of the at least one gene is indicative of overexpression, administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA).
  • TSA trichostatin A
  • the invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising: diagnosing or having diagnosed the individual with MM; and administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA).
  • TSA trichostatin A
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • trichostatin A as a sole or primary inhibitor of CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, or WEE1; and a pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient or carrier.
  • treatment with TSA is combined with one or more other multiple myeloma treatments.
  • Such other treatments may include, for example, small molecule inhibition.
  • Trichostatin A (TSA or 7-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxohepta-2,4-dienamide), is an antifungal antibiotic.
  • TSA Trichostatin A
  • the structure of TSA is shown in Formula I below.
  • TSA although previously known as a class I and II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, is also capable of inhibiting expression of CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, and WEE1. Accordingly, TSA may be used as a primary or sole inhibitor of one or more such genes in the treatment of MM.
  • HDAC histone deacetylase
  • a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line was treated with trichostatin or vehicle for 24 hours and gene expression for 22,238 probe sets covering 12,490 genes was generated using an Affymetrix instrument.
  • the effect of trichostatin A on expression of CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, and WEE1 is shown below in Table 1, and indicates significant downregulation of the expression of each gene.
  • an individual may be treated for MM by administering to the individual an effective amount of TSA, wherein the effective amount is an amount sufficient to inhibit expression of one or more of CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, and WEE1 in the individual. Such an amount may also be sufficient to inhibit HDAC activity in the individual.
  • the effective amount is between about 0.01 mg/kg/day and about 100 mg/kg/day, e.g., between about 0.1 mg/kg/day and about 10 mg/kg/day or between about 0.5 mg/kg/day and about 5 mg/kg/day.
  • treating the individual may further comprise determining, from a biological sample obtained from the individual’s body, a level of expression of one or more of CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, or WEE1.
  • determining may include any known or later-developed method or technique, including, for example, quantitative antigen-antibody interactions, the use of labeled nucleotide probes, etc.
  • treating the individual may include diagnosing or having diagnosed the individual with MM prior to administering TSA to the individual.
  • diagnosing may include one or more technique or method for making such a diagnosis, including, for example, serum protein electrophoresis, serum free kappa/lambda light chain assay, urine protein electrophoresis, bone marrow examination, or X-ray analysis.
  • TSA may be administered to the individual to be treated in the form of a pharmaceutical composition.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions to be used according to various embodiments of the invention comprise a therapeutically effective amount of TSA or an active metabolite of TSA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or other form (e.g., a solvate) thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers.
  • pharmaceutical composition refers to a composition suitable for administration in medical use. It should be appreciated that the determinations of proper dosage forms, dosage amounts, and routes of administration for a particular patient are within the level of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical and medical arts.
  • Administration may be oral but other routes of administration may also be employed, e.g., parenteral, nasal, buccal, transdermal, sublingual, intramuscular, intravenous, rectal, vaginal, etc.
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules.
  • the compound is admixed with at least one inert pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient such as (a) fillers or extenders, as for example, starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, (b) binders, as for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, and acacia, (c) humectants, as for example, glycerol, (d) disintegrating agents, as for example, agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain complex silicates, and sodium carbonate, (e) solution retarders, as for example paraffin, (f) absorption accelerators, as for example, quaternary ammonium compounds, (g) wetting agents, as for example, cetyl alcohol, and glycerol monostearate, (h) adsorbents, as for example,
  • the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents.
  • Solid dosage forms such as tablets, drages, capsules, pills, and granules also can be prepared with coatings and shells, such as enteric coatings and others well known in the art.
  • the solid dosage form also may contain opacifying agents, and can also be of such composition that they release the active compound or compounds in a certain part of the intestinal tract in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions which can be used are polymeric substances and waxes.
  • the active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more of the above-mentioned excipients.
  • Such solid dosage forms may generally contain from 1% to 95% (w/w) of the active compound. In certain embodiments, the active compound ranges from 5% to 70% (w/w).
  • Solid compositions for oral administration can be formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage containing from about 0.1 mg to about 5000 mg of active ingredient.
  • unit dosage form refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired effect over the course of a treatment period, in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
  • TSA can be formulated, e.g., in a unit dosage form that is a capsule having 0.1-5000 mg of active in addition to excipients.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically-acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs.
  • the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, as for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propyleneglycol, 1,3-butyleneglycol, dimethylformamide, oils, in particular, cottonseed oil, groundnut oil, corn germ oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesame oil, glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethyleneglycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan or mixtures of these substances.
  • the composition can also include adjuvants, such as we
  • TSA is provided in a liquid form and administered to an individual intravenously. According to some embodiments of the invention, TSA is provided in a sustained or controlled release formulation.

Abstract

The invention relates generally to the treatment of multiple myeloma. One embodiment of the invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising: administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA).

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a continuation application of co-pending U.S. Pat. Application Serial No. 16/550,936, filed 26 Aug. 2019, which is a continuation of then-co-pending U.S. Pat. Application Serial No. 15/979,827, filed 14 May 2018, which is a continuation of then-co-pending U.S. Pat. Application Serial No. 14/912,078, filed 12 Feb. 2016, which is the US National Phase of PCT/US14/52216, filed 22 Aug. 2014, which claims priority to then-co-pending U.S. Provisional Pat. Application Serial Nos. 61/869,039, filed 22 Aug. 2013 and 61/870,747, filed 27 Aug. 2013, each of which is incorporated herein.
    • BACKGROUND
  • Multiple myeloma (MM), sometimes referred to as plasma cell myeloma, is a multifocal plasma cell cancer of the osseous system, generally affecting elderly individuals. Most individuals are symptomatic when diagnosed, with diagnosis typically made by one or more of serum protein electrophoresis, serum free kappa/lambda light chain assay, urine protein electrophoresis (99% of patients with MM exhibit increased levels of one of the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes in the blood and/or light chains in the urine), bone marrow examination, or X-ray analysis. Although MM generally responds to chemotherapy, recurrence is common, since such treatment does not target cancer stem cells.
  • Nara et al. have recently identified a number of candidate genes for targeting MM tumor-initiating subpopulation (SP) cells, i.e., cancer stem cells. These include a number of genes coding for proteins associated with cell cycle and mitosis, all of which were found to be upregulated in MM cells. These include cyclin B1 (CCNB1), cell division cycle 2 (CDC2), baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5), abnormal spindle homolog, microcephaly-associated (ASPM), topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha 170 kDa (TOP2A), aurora kinase B (AURKB), kinesin family member 11 (KIF11), and kinesin family member 2c (KIF2C).
  • Similarly, Shaughnessy et al. report a 70-gene high-risk profile for multiple myeloma. Two of the genes upregulated in this high-risk profile are CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B) and WEE1 homolog (S. pombe) (WEE1).
    • SUMMARY
  • One embodiment of the invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising: administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA).
  • In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising: determining, from a biological sample obtained from the individual’s body, a level of expression of at least one gene selected from a group consisting of: CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, and WEE1; and in the case that the level of expression of the at least one gene is indicative of overexpression, administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA).
  • In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising: diagnosing or having diagnosed the individual with MM; and administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA).
  • In still yet another embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising: trichostatin A (TSA) as a sole or primary inhibitor of CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, or WEE1; and a pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient or carrier.
  • In still other embodiments of the invention, treatment with TSA is combined with one or more other multiple myeloma treatments. Such other treatments may include, for example, small molecule inhibition.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • Trichostatin A (TSA or 7-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxohepta-2,4-dienamide), is an antifungal antibiotic. The structure of TSA is shown in Formula I below.
  • Figure US20230346719A1-20231102-C00001
  • Applicants have surprisingly found that TSA, although previously known as a class I and II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, is also capable of inhibiting expression of CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, and WEE1. Accordingly, TSA may be used as a primary or sole inhibitor of one or more such genes in the treatment of MM.
  • A human retinal pigment epithelial cell line was treated with trichostatin or vehicle for 24 hours and gene expression for 22,238 probe sets covering 12,490 genes was generated using an Affymetrix instrument. The effect of trichostatin A on expression of CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, and WEE1 is shown below in Table 1, and indicates significant downregulation of the expression of each gene.
  • TABLE 1
    Instance ID Probe Rank Fold Expression Δ Gene
    10005542 219918_s_at 22283 -69.97232079 ASPM
    10005533 219918_s_at 22282 -54.61735261 ASPM
    10005532 219918_s_at 22261 -23.24977266 ASPM
    10005542 209464_at 22190 -11.52858083 AURKB
    10005533 209464_at 22185 -11.04347695 AURKB
    10005542 202095_s_at 22270 -24.2000252 BIRC5
    10005533 202095_s_at 22256 -23.02258123 BIRC5
    10005533 202094_at 22251 -20.74385736 BIRC5
    10005532 202095_s_at 22252 -19.95557418 BIRC5
    10005542 202094_at 22227 -14.71770993 BIRC5
    10005532 202094_at 22219 -14.42912247 BIRC5
    10005533 214710_s_at 22267 -26.45555632 CCNB1
    10005532 214710_s_at 22267 -26.32053821 CCNB1
    10005542 214710_s_at 22251 -20.15506664 CCNB1
    10005532 203213_at 22270 -27.14720991 CDC2
    10005533 203213_at 22260 -23.81235655 CDC2
    10005542 203213_at 22253 -20.26528442 CDC2
    10005533 210559_s_at 22199 -12.07146825 CDC2
    10005532 210559_s_at 22192 -11.92448867 CDC2
    10005533 203214_x_at 22194 -11.8262682 CDC2
    10005542 204444_at 22213 -13.12379506 KIF11
    10005532 204444_at 22187 -11.4579544 KIF11
    10005533 204444_at 22184 -10.96422696 KIF11
    10005533 209408_at 22250 -19.89427497 KIF2C
    10005532 209408_at 22248 -19.35105571 KIF2C
    10005542 209408_at 22224 -14.47328923 KIF2C
    10005532 201292_at 22274 -31.9462153 TOP2A
    10005533 201291_s_at 22270 -28.21627346 TOP2A
    10005532 201897_s_at 22279 -39.94584911 CKS1B
    10005533 201897_s_at 22279 -52.93016044 CKS1B
    10005542 201897_s_at 22268 -23.90194858 CKS1B
    10005532 212533_at 22237 -17.0758281 WEE1
    10005533 212533_at 22248 -19.46663938 WEE1
    10005542 212533_at 22265 -23.63054187 WEE1
  • These results support the use of TSA in the treatment of MM. For example, an individual may be treated for MM by administering to the individual an effective amount of TSA, wherein the effective amount is an amount sufficient to inhibit expression of one or more of CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, and WEE1 in the individual. Such an amount may also be sufficient to inhibit HDAC activity in the individual. In some embodiments of the invention, the effective amount is between about 0.01 mg/kg/day and about 100 mg/kg/day, e.g., between about 0.1 mg/kg/day and about 10 mg/kg/day or between about 0.5 mg/kg/day and about 5 mg/kg/day.
  • In some embodiments, treating the individual may further comprise determining, from a biological sample obtained from the individual’s body, a level of expression of one or more of CCNB1, AURKB, CDC2, BIRC5, KIF11, KIF2C, TOP2A, ASPM, CKS1B, or WEE1. Such determining may include any known or later-developed method or technique, including, for example, quantitative antigen-antibody interactions, the use of labeled nucleotide probes, etc.
  • In other embodiments of the invention, treating the individual may include diagnosing or having diagnosed the individual with MM prior to administering TSA to the individual. Such diagnosing may include one or more technique or method for making such a diagnosis, including, for example, serum protein electrophoresis, serum free kappa/lambda light chain assay, urine protein electrophoresis, bone marrow examination, or X-ray analysis.
  • TSA may be administered to the individual to be treated in the form of a pharmaceutical composition. Pharmaceutical compositions to be used according to various embodiments of the invention comprise a therapeutically effective amount of TSA or an active metabolite of TSA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or other form (e.g., a solvate) thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers. The phrase “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a composition suitable for administration in medical use. It should be appreciated that the determinations of proper dosage forms, dosage amounts, and routes of administration for a particular patient are within the level of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical and medical arts.
  • Administration may be oral but other routes of administration may also be employed, e.g., parenteral, nasal, buccal, transdermal, sublingual, intramuscular, intravenous, rectal, vaginal, etc. Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the compound is admixed with at least one inert pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient such as (a) fillers or extenders, as for example, starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, (b) binders, as for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, and acacia, (c) humectants, as for example, glycerol, (d) disintegrating agents, as for example, agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain complex silicates, and sodium carbonate, (e) solution retarders, as for example paraffin, (f) absorption accelerators, as for example, quaternary ammonium compounds, (g) wetting agents, as for example, cetyl alcohol, and glycerol monostearate, (h) adsorbents, as for example, kaolin and bentonite, and (i) lubricants, as for example, talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, or mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. Solid dosage forms such as tablets, drages, capsules, pills, and granules also can be prepared with coatings and shells, such as enteric coatings and others well known in the art. The solid dosage form also may contain opacifying agents, and can also be of such composition that they release the active compound or compounds in a certain part of the intestinal tract in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions which can be used are polymeric substances and waxes. The active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more of the above-mentioned excipients. Such solid dosage forms may generally contain from 1% to 95% (w/w) of the active compound. In certain embodiments, the active compound ranges from 5% to 70% (w/w).
  • Solid compositions for oral administration can be formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage containing from about 0.1 mg to about 5000 mg of active ingredient. The term “unit dosage form” refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired effect over the course of a treatment period, in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. TSA can be formulated, e.g., in a unit dosage form that is a capsule having 0.1-5000 mg of active in addition to excipients.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically-acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs. In addition to the compound or composition, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, as for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propyleneglycol, 1,3-butyleneglycol, dimethylformamide, oils, in particular, cottonseed oil, groundnut oil, corn germ oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesame oil, glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethyleneglycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan or mixtures of these substances. Besides such inert diluents, the composition can also include adjuvants, such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
  • In some embodiments of the invention, TSA is provided in a liquid form and administered to an individual intravenously. According to some embodiments of the invention, TSA is provided in a sustained or controlled release formulation.
  • While this invention has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments outlined above, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art or are otherwise intended to be embraced. Accordingly, the embodiments of the invention as set forth above are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. All patents, patent application, scientific articles and other published documents cited herein are hereby incorporated in their entirety for the substance of their disclosures.

Claims (12)

What is claimed is:
1. A method of treating multiple myeloma (MM) in an individual, the method comprising:
determining or having determined, from a biological sample obtained from the individual’s body, that a level of expression of one or more gene selected from a group consisting of: CCNB1 and CDC2 is indicative of overexpression; and
administering to the individual an effective amount of trichostatin A (TSA),
wherein the effective amount is between about 0.01 mg/kg/day and about 100 mg/kg/day and effective to decrease expression of the one or more gene.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount is an amount sufficient to decrease expression of each of CCNB1 and CDC2.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount is between about 0.1 mg/kg/day and about 10 mg/kg/day.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount is between about 0.5 mg/kg/day and about 5 mg/kg/day.
5. The improvement of claim 1, wherein the TSA is administered orally.
6. The improvement of claim 1, wherein the TSA is administered intravenously.
7. In a method of treating a patient diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) with trichostatin A (TSA), the improvement comprising:
selecting for treatment with between about 0.01 mg/kg/day and about 100 mg/kg/day a patient determined to overexpress at least one gene selected from a group consisting of: CCNB1 and CDC2.
8. The improvement of claim 7, wherein the effective amount is effective to decrease expression of both of CCNB1 and CDC2.
9. The improvement of claim 7, wherein the amount is between 0.1 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day.
10. The improvement of claim 7, wherein the amount is between 0.5 mg/kg/day and 5 mg/kg/day.
11. The improvement of claim 7, wherein the TSA is administered orally.
12. The improvement of claim 7, wherein the TSA is administered intravenously.
US18/350,914 2013-08-22 2023-07-12 Multiple myeloma treatment Pending US20230346719A1 (en)

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