US20230146006A1 - Conduit vascular implant sealing device for reducing endoleaks - Google Patents
Conduit vascular implant sealing device for reducing endoleaks Download PDFInfo
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- US20230146006A1 US20230146006A1 US17/814,018 US202217814018A US2023146006A1 US 20230146006 A1 US20230146006 A1 US 20230146006A1 US 202217814018 A US202217814018 A US 202217814018A US 2023146006 A1 US2023146006 A1 US 2023146006A1
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- frame
- membrane layer
- sealing device
- connection points
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
- A61F2/07—Stent-grafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
- A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
- A61B17/12099—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder
- A61B17/12109—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder in a blood vessel
- A61B17/12113—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder in a blood vessel within an aneurysm
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/00867—Material properties shape memory effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
- A61F2/07—Stent-grafts
- A61F2002/075—Stent-grafts the stent being loosely attached to the graft material, e.g. by stitching
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
- A61F2/07—Stent-grafts
- A61F2002/077—Stent-grafts having means to fill the space between stent-graft and aneurysm wall, e.g. a sleeve
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0018—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in elasticity, stiffness or compressibility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0069—Sealing means
Definitions
- This patent document is directed to medical implants, and, more specifically, to conduit vascular implants and related methods.
- Aneurysms of the aorta and principal arteries of the chest, abdomen and pelvis can progress, by expansion, to life-threatening rupture. Thrombus may develop within the aneurysm and cause embolic occlusion of arteries and ischemic organ injury.
- Clinical approach to treatment generally involves the insertion of a tubular graft that spans the extent of the aneurysmal portion of the vessel to exclude the aneurysm from the circulation by either surgical or transcatheter means, termed “endovascular aneurysm repair”, or “EVAR”.
- the success of the technique depends on effective sealing between the ends of the graft and the non-aneurysmal segments of the vessel proximal to and distal to the aneurysm to prevent leaking of blood flow into the aneurysm.
- the open surgical approach allows for complete suturing of the graft ends to the vessel and even excision of the aneurysm.
- transcatheter device insertion has supplanted the surgical approach for most aneurysms, owing to the clinical advantages of a minimally-invasive procedure with less morbidity and rapid recovery.
- Devices for transcatheter insertion through the femoral artery and into the abdominal aorta for exclusion of an aneurysm are typically constructed, for example, of polymer fabric configured as a tube, with a metal alloy wire form or lattice attached at the ends or throughout the length of the resulting tube graft to provide axial and radial support and for fixation of the ends of the tube graft to the vessel.
- Such devices must be radially compressible to a profile that is capable of being inserted into the femoral artery and then expanded within the aorta to a size that matches that of the aorta and engages its inner wall for fixation and exclusion of the aneurysm.
- Shape memory alloy is widely utilized in these components.
- Endoleak involves blood flow under normal hemodynamic pressure being conducted around the terminal edges of the conduit implant and into the aneurysm, thereby continuing to pressurize the aneurysm chamber and allowing possible progression to clinical aneurysm rupture.
- EVAR devices incorporate a number of features directed to limiting endoleak, including circumferential cuffs of additional graft material and stents for fixation and enhanced expansion of the graft ends against the inner wall of the vessel.
- the vessel is susceptible to endoleak because of a short extent of mating inner surface of the vessel between the aneurysm and the origins of visceral arteries, such as the renal arteries, that cannot be covered and obstructed by the graft.
- a sealing device for use as a vascular implant comprises a frame having an inflow edge and an outflow edge relative to axial blood flow within a vessel, and a membrane layer coupled to the at least partial axial extent of the frame between the inflow edge and the outflow edge of the frame.
- At least a partial axial extent of the frame is configured to decrease in axial length when expanded from a radially compressed configuration to a radially expanded configuration.
- the membrane layer is coupled to the at least partial axial extent of the frame at one or more axially spaced connection points such that at least a portion of the membrane layer projects radially outward relative to the frame when the at least partial axial extent of the frame is in the radially-expanded configuration.
- the at least partial axial extent of the frame may be formed as a lattice structure.
- the membrane layer may be coupled to the lattice structure at a plurality of axially-spaced and circumferentially-distributed connection points. Additionally and/or alternatively, the membrane layer may be coupled to the lattice structure by a plurality of sutures.
- the one or more connection points of the frame may include a plurality of circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the inflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame.
- the one or more connection points of the frame may include a plurality of circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the outflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame.
- connection points of the frame may include one or more circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the outflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame, one or more circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the inflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame, and/or one or more intermediate connection points located axially between the connection points proximate the outflow edge and the connections points proximate the inflow edge.
- the one or more intermediate connection points may be configured to enforce an inflow-angled fold in the membrane layer.
- the one or more intermediate connection points may enforce an outflow-angled fold in the membrane layer.
- the one or more intermediate connection points may be configured to enforce both an inflow-angled and an outflow-angled fold in the membrane layer.
- the membrane layer may be formed of at least one of processed mammalian pericardium tissue, a biocompatible fabric, or a polymer material.
- the membrane layer may be formed of porcine and/or bovine pericardium tissue.
- the membrane layer may be formed of a substantially dry tissue.
- the sealing device may be in a radially-compressed condition and associated to a delivery system, and the delivery system associated with the sealing device may be provided in a sterile condition within an internally sterile package.
- a circumferential extent of the membrane layer may exceed a circumferential extent of the frame.
- the circumferential extent of the membrane layer may not exceed a circumferential extent of the frame.
- the membrane layer may extend over an entire axial length of the frame.
- the membrane layer may extend over only a portion of an axial length of the frame.
- the membrane layer may axially extend beyond at least one of the inflow edge or the outflow edge of the frame.
- the radially projecting portion of the membrane layer may be configured to contact an inner wall of the vessel to cause an impeding of blood flow over an outer surface of the sealing device.
- a sealing device for use as a vascular implant.
- the sealing device comprises a frame and a membrane layer.
- the frame is configured to have an at least partial expandable axial extent including a plurality of circumferentially distributed members configured to circumferentially separate from each other when expanded from a radially compressed configuration to a radially expanded configuration coupled to the at least partial expandable axial extent of the frame at a plurality of connection points.
- the membrane layer is configured to have at least a transverse curvilinear extent exceeding an underlying circumferential extent of the frame between connection points at an axial level of at least some of the connection points upon the frame.
- connection points between the frame and the membrane layer may be circumferentially regularly spaced or circumferentially irregularly spaced.
- the at least partial expandable axial extent of the frame may be formed as a lattice structure.
- the membrane layer may be coupled to the lattice structure at a plurality of axially-spaced and circumferentially-distributed connection points by, for example, a plurality of sutures.
- connection points of the frame may include a plurality of circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the inflow edge of the at least partial expandable axial extent of the frame. Additionally and/or alternatively, the one or more connection points of the frame may include a plurality of circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the outflow edge of the at least partial expandable axial extent of the frame.
- connection points of the frame may include one or more circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the outflow edge of the axial extent of the frame, one or more circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the inflow edge of the axial extent of the frame, and/or one or more intermediate connection points located axially between the connection points proximate the outflow edge and the connection points proximate the inflow edge.
- the membrane layer may be formed of processed mammalian pericardium tissue (e.g., bovine or porcine), a biocompatible fabric, and/or a polymer material.
- the membrane layer may be formed of a substantially dry tissue.
- the sealing device may be in a radially-compressed condition and associated to a delivery system, and the delivery system associated with the sealing device may be provided in a sterile condition within an internally sterile package.
- the membrane layer may extend over an entire axial length of the frame.
- the membrane layer may extend over only a portion of an axial length of the frame.
- the membrane layer may axially extend beyond at least one of the inflow edge or the outflow edge of the frame.
- the membrane layer may extend over an entire circumferential length of the frame and/or over only a portion of a circumferential length of the frame.
- the radially projecting portion of the membrane layer may be configured to contact an inner wall of the vessel to cause an impeding of blood flow over an outer surface of the sealing device.
- the radially projecting portion of the membrane layer may be configured to contact an inner wall of the vessel to cause an impeding of blood flow over an outer surface of the sealing device.
- one or more of the connections at the connection points may enforce a radially outwardly angled direction upon the membrane layer adjacent the connection points.
- two or more portions of the membrane layer may be connected at connection points independent of the connections to the frame and/or may form one of a linear or curvilinear seam of at least two points.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a radially-compressed cylindrical lattice frame for a vascular implant, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an expanded cylindrical lattice frame for a vascular implant, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a membrane layer for a vascular implant in an axially-shortened state, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a longitudinal cross-sectional view of suture attachment of a membrane layer to a lattice frame for a vascular implant in both a radially-compressed configuration and a radially-expanded configuration, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a side elevation view of an axially-shortened membrane layer on a radially-expanded lattice frame for a vascular implant, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a side elevation view of an axially-shortened membrane layer coupled to a radially-expanded lattice frame, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a side elevation view of an axially-shortened membrane layer coupled to a radially-expanded lattice frame, according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a side elevation view of an axially-shortened membrane layer coupled to a radially expanded lattice frame and deployed within a vessel, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a plurality of side elevation views of variations in axial position of attachment points along a radially compressed lattice frame, according to various embodiments.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a plurality of side elevation views of variations in axial position of membranes along a radially compressed lattice frame, according to various embodiments.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a plurality of side elevation views of variations in axial position of membranes along a radially compressed lattice frame, according to various embodiments.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a plurality of side elevation views of variations in axial position of membranes along a radially compressed lattice frame showing variations of attachments of the membrane to the frame, according to various embodiments.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a transverse cross section of a vascular implant, according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a transverse cross section of the vascular implant of FIG. 13 expanded within a vessel.
- position-identifying terms such as “inflow”, “outflow”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “front”, “rear”, “top”, and “bottom” are not intended to limit the invention to a particular direction or orientation, but instead are only intended to denote relative positions, or positions corresponding to directions shown when a vascular implant is oriented as shown in the Figures. Accordingly, the provided orienting descriptions of the device do not limit its use to the inflow end of an exclusion graft or device; the device may also be used at the outflow end of an exclusion graft or device.
- a radially-compressed (or radially-crimped) cylindrical lattice frame 10 for use in, e.g., a vascular implant is illustrated.
- Frame 10 may be used in conjunction with a transcatheter tube graft implant.
- frame 10 may be formed of any appropriate biocompatible material, such as stainless steel, gold, titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy, tantalum alloy, nitinol, one or more biocompatible polymers, etc.
- Frame 10 includes an inflow edge 50 and an outflow edge 52 relative to axial blood flow within a vessel in which the implant is placed.
- Frame 10 may be formed by a plurality of arms 15 interconnected by a plurality of circumferentially-distributed connection nodes 16 to form a cylindrical lattice structure.
- the lattice structure of frame 10 may be originally fabricated or cut in the configuration shown in FIG. 1 .
- frame 10 may be formed by any appropriate method, and is not limited by the lattice structure illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- a membrane layer 22 configured for use in conjunction with frame 10 is illustrated. Indicated by arrows, as membrane layer 22 axially shortens from baseline 14 to baseline 20 , a redundant portion 23 of membrane layer 22 is then projected out of plane, corresponding to the radially-outward direction from the underlying frame 10 .
- This redundant material 23 increases the membrane layer local material density which occupies the space between the frame 10 and the inner surface of the vascular wall, adding to the sealing function of the membrane layer 22 . While shown (for ease of illustration) as a substantially flat sheet in FIG. 3 , it is to be understood that membrane layer 22 may be cylindrically wrapped or otherwise formed around frame 10 to form a cylindrical, tube-like structure.
- membrane layer 22 may be formed as an axially-complete layer over the entire axial length of frame 10 .
- membrane layer 22 may be formed as an axially-incomplete layer of the length of frame 10 .
- the axial length of membrane layer 22 may exceed the axial length of frame 10 .
- the circumferential extent of the membrane layer 22 may not exceed the circumferential extent of underlying frame 10 , while in other embodiments, the circumferential extent of the membrane layer 22 does exceed the circumferential extent of underlying frame 10 .
- Membrane layer 22 may be formed of any appropriate biocompatible material, such as, for example, processed mammalian pericardium tissue (e.g., porcine or bovine pericardium), a biocompatible fabric, a polymer material (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)), etc.
- processed mammalian pericardium tissue e.g., porcine or bovine pericardium
- a biocompatible fabric e.g., a polymer material
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- Membrane layer 22 may be coupled at least partially to an outer surface frame 10 by any appropriate method.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a single side of the membrane layer and frame members at points of interconnection. As shown in FIG. 4 , portions of membrane layer 22 are coupled to a plurality of circumferentially-distributed and axially-separated connection points 25 , 26 , 27 of frame 10 through respective sutures 28 .
- a fold 24 may be created during the coupling of membrane layer 22 to an intermediate connection point(s) 26 that is axially between the inflow-side connection point(s) 25 and the outflow-side connection point(s) 27 . For example, referring to configuration “A” of FIG.
- FIG. 4 which illustrates the membrane layer 22 coupled to frame 10 when frame 10 is in the radially-compressed configuration shown in FIG. 1 , two sides of fold 23 at the base of projecting fold 24 are coupled to the intermediate connection point(s) 26 by a suture 28 such that the fold 24 is effectively biased to one side of the intermediate connection point(s) 26 .
- frame 10 is radially expanded (as shown in FIG. 2 )
- the accompanying axial compression of at least a portion of frame 10 from an axial distance x to an axial distance Fx causes the coupled membrane layer 22 to similarly compress.
- membrane layer 22 not only projects radially outward away from frame 10 , but also projects at least partially upward (e.g., toward an inflow end relative to blood flow through a vessel). This upward projection is due to the orientation in which the two sides of membrane layer 22 are overlapped when coupled to intermediate connection point(s) 26 . Thus, it is also possible for the membrane layer 22 to be overlapped in the direction opposite of that shown in FIG. 4 , which would cause membrane layer 22 to project both radially outward and downward away from frame 10 . Furthermore, while not shown, membrane layer 22 may be overlapped and connected to connection point(s) 26 such that the fold 24 may be expanded to project both toward an upward (inflow) end and a downward (outflow) end of the frame. It is to be understood that similar folds in the membrane layer may be configured at other and possibly multiple points of connection or between points of connection by sutures or other means not connecting membrane layer 22 to frame 10 .
- FIG. 5 a simplified view of an implant 30 in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure is illustrated.
- sutures or other interconnection means between the membrane layer 22 and frame 10 are omitted from FIG. 5 .
- the surrounded membrane layer 22 is also axially compressed, resulting in the fold 24 projecting radially outward around the entire circumference of frame 10 .
- the radial projection formed by fold 24 may act as a seal between the membrane layer 22 and the vessel walls (not shown) when implant 30 is placed in a desired location, with fold 24 of membrane layer 22 blocking some or all of the blood flowing around the periphery of implant 30 , thereby mitigating endoleaks, as indicated by arrows 29 .
- implant 30 may include a plurality of sutures 28 utilized to couple the membrane layer to a plurality of connection points of the frame 10 .
- a tube graft 32 may be coupled to the outflow side of frame 10 .
- An inflow side of tube graft 32 may overlap with an outflow side of membrane layer 22 , with the inflow side of tube graft 32 configured to share the sutures 28 coupling membrane layer 22 to frame 10 .
- sutures 28 are illustrated, it is to be understood that any appropriate connection means between the membrane layer, tube graft, and frame may be utilized.
- Sutures (or other connectors) 28 coupling membrane layer 22 to frame 10 need not lie directly upon an inflow or outflow edge of frame 10 , as only axial separation between the circumferential connection points 25 , 26 , 27 (shown in FIG. 4 ) is needed if there is axial shortening of the corresponding circumferentially-complete underlying portion of the frame 10 upon radially expansion of the frame 10 . Further, the biocompatible membrane layer 22 need not terminate in either inflow or outflow ends of the axial extent of the frame 10 .
- the membrane layer 22 may extend at least to and be interconnected along (1) an outflow end of the axial extent corresponding to the outflow edge of the frame 10 and (2) an inflow end of the axial extent between the inflow and outflow edges of the frame 10 approximating the axially mid portion of the frame 10 , such as that which is shown in FIGS. 5 - 6 .
- implant 34 in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated.
- implant 34 includes a tube graft 36 in which the sealing device is integrally formed on an inflow end of tube graft 36 .
- a portion of tube graft 36 is disposed at least partially around a frame 10 and coupled to frame 10 via sutures 28 in a manner similar to that described above with respect to FIG. 4 .
- frame 10 is radially expanded (as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the implant 34 as described above with respect to FIG. 7 deployed within, e.g., a vessel portion 40 shown in cross-section.
- the radially projecting folds 46 of tube graft 36 are configured to at least partially compress against the inner walls 42 of vessel 40 when frame 10 is radially expanded, thereby providing an effective barrier seal against endoleak or other fluid flow past the outer periphery of implant.
- folds 46 are shown as being compressed against the inner walls 42 and angled toward the inflow end of the frame.
- implant 34 could alternatively be configured such that folds 46 are compressed against inner walls 42 and angled toward the outflow end of the frame.
- FIG. 2 shows the entirety of frame 10 being axially compressed when in a radially-expanded state
- frame 10 may be capable of remaining substantially constant in axial length, even when frame 10 is expanded radially, while other portions along an axial extent of the frame 10 may axially compress.
- axial membrane attachment points on a radially-compressed frame are shown, with the axial membrane attachment points being indicated by inwardly-pointed arrows.
- the axial membrane attachment points can be at numerous different locations along the frame between the inflow and outflow edges, including at locations inset from the inflow edge, outflow edge, or both.
- the portions of the frame located outside of the axial extent between the membrane attachment points do not necessarily need to axially shorten during radial expansion in order to achieve a desired radial projection in the membrane. Accordingly, these portions of the frame located outside of the axial extent between the membrane attachment points may be configured differently than the portions within the axial extent such that all or some of the frame portions located outside of the axial extent do not compress/shorten with radial expansion.
- the axial membrane attachment points can be at numerous different locations along the frame between the inflow and outflow edges, including at locations inset from the inflow edge, outflow edge, or both.
- the membrane itself may also axially extend along less than the entirety of the frame (e.g., variations B-F shown in FIG. 10 ), dependent upon the axial position of the attachment points.
- the membrane may extend beyond the inflow and/or outflow edges of the frame (e.g., variations G-K shown in FIG. 11 ).
- the membrane portions located between axial membrane attachment points may axially shorten in conjunction with radial expansion of the frame, while the membrane portions located outside of the axial membrane attachment points (and/or outside of the frame itself) may not change in axial length.
- suture attachments schemes shown in FIG. 12 are not limiting, as different attachment schemes are also possible.
- suture attachments are placed at a pair of axial locations along the axial length of the membrane.
- intermediate suture attachments may also be included along the axial length of the membrane.
- the axial position of suture attachments is indicated in FIG. 12 , but at each indicated axial position the attachments are circumferentially distributed.
- FIG. 13 shows a transverse cross-sectional view of implant 50 having a circumferentially-redundant membrane 52 coupled to an expanded frame 56 along a plurality of attachment points by a plurality of sutures 54 such that the transverse curvilinear extent of the membrane spanning the circumferential separation between two or more points of attachment to the frame exceeds that circumference separation.
- frame 56 is shown in an expanded state, it is to be understood that frame 56 may be radially compressed, similar to frame 10 described above.
- Membrane 52 is sized so as to be circumferentially larger than radially-expanded frame 56 , thereby causing the portions of membrane 52 located between the plurality of attachment points along frame 56 to bulge outward, even when frame 56 is radially expanded.
- each radially outward transverse bulge in the membrane may be enhanced by biasing the membrane to the outward radial direction at the points of attachment by the specific means of attachment.
- the suture attachment 54 is configured to capture and enforce folds 53 in the membrane such that an outward bias in the curve of the bulge is developed.
- the membrane material may be configured by thickness and stiffness, for example, to create firmness of the bulges suitable to the sealing function.
- the two sides of the membrane departing from the point of attachment may be connected at line A-B to each other as by suturing either adjacent the point of attachment alone or along an axial length to form at least a partial seam.
- Line A-B and points of membrane connection aligned to it may be radially or axially displaced from the underlying frame by an arbitrary distance.
- Single sutures or seams of suture or other means of connection may be used to create other or multiple folds of arbitrary biasing direction at any place in the membrane layer.
- circumferentially-redundant membrane attachment may be employed simultaneously together with the axially-redundant membrane attachment shown and described above with respect to FIGS. 4 - 8 .
- sealing device may also be used at the outflow end as well as at the inflow end of a tube graft or EVAR device to mitigate endoleak.
- an intravascular device including a frame having an inflow edge, an outflow edge, and a circumferentially complete axial portion that is configured to decrease in axial length upon the radial expansion of the frame from a configuration that is radially compressed to a configuration that is radially expanded, with the radially expanded configuration being associated with the deployed condition of the intravascular device.
- the intravascular device may also include a layer of biocompatible membrane applied and interconnected to the radially outer surface of the substantially circumferentially-complete axial portion of the frame, with the membrane layer having an axial length that exceeds the axial length of the substantially circumferentially-complete axial portion of the frame when in its expanded configuration.
- the frame and, in particular, the circumferentially-complete axial portion of the frame includes a lattice.
- the circumference of the biocompatible layer may exceed or not exceed the circumference of the frame portion to which it is interconnected.
- the biocompatible membrane may be comprised of fabric or polymer material such as PTFE.
- the biocompatible membrane is comprised of a cross-linked and processed mammalian tissue, such as porcine or bovine pericardium.
- the membrane material may be substantially dry, radially compressed, associated to a delivery catheter, sterilized, and pre-packaged with a delivery system prior to use at implantation.
- the biocompatible membrane layer may be interconnected to the frame at a series of circumferentially-distributed points axially displaced from the outflow edge of the frame and at a series of circumferentially-distributed points approximating the outflow edge of the frame.
- the points of interconnection correspond to nodes or crossing points of the frame lattice.
- the intravascular device may have alternative uses, such as, for example, transcatheter valves. In such scenarios, the inflow and outflow polarities of the frame may be reversed from that which is described above with respect to FIGS. 1 - 14 .
- the circumferentially-complete axial portion of the frame predictably shortens axially, moving the various circumferential membrane layer interconnection points axially toward each other. Such axial movement causes the membrane layer between the interconnection points to become redundant and, therefore, to project radially outward to form a circumferentially-oriented pleat.
- This radially-outward projection of the membrane layer is circumferential and causes the radially-outward projection of the membrane layer to be interposed between the frame and the native tissue seat, thereby allowing at least a portion of the membrane layer to act as a barrier seal to block the passage of blood between the inner surface of the vessel and the outer surface of the implant.
- the configuration described above may act to block endoleak.
- the device may be used for other purposes, such as reducing prosthetic paravalvular leak.
- the interconnection points need not lie directly upon an edge of the frame or upon an edge of that circumferentially complete portion configured to predictably shorten.
- the biocompatible membrane layer need not terminate in either axial extent at the points of interconnection.
- the tissue layer extends at least to and is interconnected along (1) an outflow axial extent corresponding to the outflow edge of the frame and (2) an inflow axial extent between the inflow and outflow edges of the frame approximating the axially mid portion of the frame.
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Abstract
A sealing device for use as a vascular implant including a frame, the frame having an inflow edge and an outflow edge relative to axial blood flow within a vessel, wherein at least a partial axial extent of the frame is configured to decrease in axial length when expanded from a radially compressed configuration to a radially expanded configuration. The sealing device also includes a membrane layer coupled to a radially outward surface of the at least partial axial extent of the frame between the inflow edge and the outflow edge of the frame, wherein the membrane layer is coupled to the frame at one or more axially spaced connection points such that at least a portion of the membrane layer projects radially outward relative to the frame when the frame is in the radially-expanded configuration.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/128,047, filed Sep. 11, 2018, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/556,612 filed on Sep. 11, 2017, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
- This patent document is directed to medical implants, and, more specifically, to conduit vascular implants and related methods.
- Aneurysms of the aorta and principal arteries of the chest, abdomen and pelvis can progress, by expansion, to life-threatening rupture. Thrombus may develop within the aneurysm and cause embolic occlusion of arteries and ischemic organ injury. Clinical approach to treatment generally involves the insertion of a tubular graft that spans the extent of the aneurysmal portion of the vessel to exclude the aneurysm from the circulation by either surgical or transcatheter means, termed “endovascular aneurysm repair”, or “EVAR”. In either case, the success of the technique depends on effective sealing between the ends of the graft and the non-aneurysmal segments of the vessel proximal to and distal to the aneurysm to prevent leaking of blood flow into the aneurysm. The open surgical approach allows for complete suturing of the graft ends to the vessel and even excision of the aneurysm. However, transcatheter device insertion has supplanted the surgical approach for most aneurysms, owing to the clinical advantages of a minimally-invasive procedure with less morbidity and rapid recovery.
- Devices for transcatheter insertion through the femoral artery and into the abdominal aorta for exclusion of an aneurysm are typically constructed, for example, of polymer fabric configured as a tube, with a metal alloy wire form or lattice attached at the ends or throughout the length of the resulting tube graft to provide axial and radial support and for fixation of the ends of the tube graft to the vessel. Such devices must be radially compressible to a profile that is capable of being inserted into the femoral artery and then expanded within the aorta to a size that matches that of the aorta and engages its inner wall for fixation and exclusion of the aneurysm. Shape memory alloy is widely utilized in these components.
- Despite engagement and fixation of the ends of the transcatheter tube graft, leakage of blood into the aneurysm sac is relatively common and is termed “endoleak.” Endoleak involves blood flow under normal hemodynamic pressure being conducted around the terminal edges of the conduit implant and into the aneurysm, thereby continuing to pressurize the aneurysm chamber and allowing possible progression to clinical aneurysm rupture. EVAR devices incorporate a number of features directed to limiting endoleak, including circumferential cuffs of additional graft material and stents for fixation and enhanced expansion of the graft ends against the inner wall of the vessel. Often, the vessel is susceptible to endoleak because of a short extent of mating inner surface of the vessel between the aneurysm and the origins of visceral arteries, such as the renal arteries, that cannot be covered and obstructed by the graft.
- Existing methods and devices have shown variable effectiveness in limiting and/or preventing endoleak. Some of these devices are complex to manufacture or bulky in profile, which limits the ease of percutaneous delivery. Additionally, fabric or polymer layers have not been shown to promote biological integration of the prosthetic surface into the tissue environment of the vessel as well as do tissue membrane layers. Therefore, endoleak is a persistent problem for endovascular exclusion devices.
- Accordingly, there is a need for a simple, reliable, low-profile device for minimizing endoleak associated with EVAR implants that is biocompatible with the native vascular intimal surface and promotes integration with the native tissue. In addition, other intravascular applications such as transcatheter heart valve implants may also benefit from devices that provide effective circumferential sealing between the implant and the native vascular site.
- This patent document describes devices and methods that are intended to address issues discussed above and/or other issues.
- The summary of the disclosure is given to aid understanding of medical devices (such as vascular implants), and not with an intent to limit the disclosure or the invention. The present disclosure is directed to a person of ordinary skill in the art. It should be understood that various aspects and features of the disclosure may advantageously be used separately in some instances, or in combination with other aspects and features of the disclosure in other instances. Accordingly, variations and modifications may be made to the medical devices, the architectural structure, and their method of operation to achieve different effects.
- In one aspect, a sealing device for use as a vascular implant comprises a frame having an inflow edge and an outflow edge relative to axial blood flow within a vessel, and a membrane layer coupled to the at least partial axial extent of the frame between the inflow edge and the outflow edge of the frame. At least a partial axial extent of the frame is configured to decrease in axial length when expanded from a radially compressed configuration to a radially expanded configuration. The membrane layer is coupled to the at least partial axial extent of the frame at one or more axially spaced connection points such that at least a portion of the membrane layer projects radially outward relative to the frame when the at least partial axial extent of the frame is in the radially-expanded configuration.
- In some embodiments, the at least partial axial extent of the frame may be formed as a lattice structure. Optionally, the membrane layer may be coupled to the lattice structure at a plurality of axially-spaced and circumferentially-distributed connection points. Additionally and/or alternatively, the membrane layer may be coupled to the lattice structure by a plurality of sutures.
- In one or more embodiments, the one or more connection points of the frame may include a plurality of circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the inflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame.
- In one or more embodiments, the one or more connection points of the frame may include a plurality of circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the outflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame.
- In certain other embodiments, the connection points of the frame may include one or more circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the outflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame, one or more circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the inflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame, and/or one or more intermediate connection points located axially between the connection points proximate the outflow edge and the connections points proximate the inflow edge. Optionally, the one or more intermediate connection points may be configured to enforce an inflow-angled fold in the membrane layer. Additionally, the one or more intermediate connection points may enforce an outflow-angled fold in the membrane layer. Furthermore, the one or more intermediate connection points may be configured to enforce both an inflow-angled and an outflow-angled fold in the membrane layer.
- In some embodiments, the membrane layer may be formed of at least one of processed mammalian pericardium tissue, a biocompatible fabric, or a polymer material. The membrane layer may be formed of porcine and/or bovine pericardium tissue. Optionally, the membrane layer may be formed of a substantially dry tissue. In at least one embodiment, the sealing device may be in a radially-compressed condition and associated to a delivery system, and the delivery system associated with the sealing device may be provided in a sterile condition within an internally sterile package.
- In certain embodiments, a circumferential extent of the membrane layer may exceed a circumferential extent of the frame. Alternatively, the circumferential extent of the membrane layer may not exceed a circumferential extent of the frame.
- In at least one embodiment, the membrane layer may extend over an entire axial length of the frame. Alternatively, the membrane layer may extend over only a portion of an axial length of the frame. In yet another embodiment, the membrane layer may axially extend beyond at least one of the inflow edge or the outflow edge of the frame.
- In some scenarios, the radially projecting portion of the membrane layer may be configured to contact an inner wall of the vessel to cause an impeding of blood flow over an outer surface of the sealing device.
- In another aspect, a sealing device for use as a vascular implant is disclosed. The sealing device comprises a frame and a membrane layer. The frame is configured to have an at least partial expandable axial extent including a plurality of circumferentially distributed members configured to circumferentially separate from each other when expanded from a radially compressed configuration to a radially expanded configuration coupled to the at least partial expandable axial extent of the frame at a plurality of connection points. The membrane layer is configured to have at least a transverse curvilinear extent exceeding an underlying circumferential extent of the frame between connection points at an axial level of at least some of the connection points upon the frame.
- In various embodiments, the connection points between the frame and the membrane layer may be circumferentially regularly spaced or circumferentially irregularly spaced.
- In certain embodiments, the at least partial expandable axial extent of the frame may be formed as a lattice structure. Optionally, the membrane layer may be coupled to the lattice structure at a plurality of axially-spaced and circumferentially-distributed connection points by, for example, a plurality of sutures.
- In some embodiments, the connection points of the frame may include a plurality of circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the inflow edge of the at least partial expandable axial extent of the frame. Additionally and/or alternatively, the one or more connection points of the frame may include a plurality of circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the outflow edge of the at least partial expandable axial extent of the frame. Optionally, the connection points of the frame may include one or more circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the outflow edge of the axial extent of the frame, one or more circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the inflow edge of the axial extent of the frame, and/or one or more intermediate connection points located axially between the connection points proximate the outflow edge and the connection points proximate the inflow edge.
- In at least one embodiment, wherein the membrane layer may be formed of processed mammalian pericardium tissue (e.g., bovine or porcine), a biocompatible fabric, and/or a polymer material.
- Optionally, the membrane layer may be formed of a substantially dry tissue. In at least one embodiment, the sealing device may be in a radially-compressed condition and associated to a delivery system, and the delivery system associated with the sealing device may be provided in a sterile condition within an internally sterile package.
- In at least one embodiment, the membrane layer may extend over an entire axial length of the frame. Alternatively, the membrane layer may extend over only a portion of an axial length of the frame. In yet another embodiment, the membrane layer may axially extend beyond at least one of the inflow edge or the outflow edge of the frame. In some embodiments, the membrane layer may extend over an entire circumferential length of the frame and/or over only a portion of a circumferential length of the frame.
- In some scenarios, the radially projecting portion of the membrane layer may be configured to contact an inner wall of the vessel to cause an impeding of blood flow over an outer surface of the sealing device.
- Additionally and/or alternatively, the radially projecting portion of the membrane layer may be configured to contact an inner wall of the vessel to cause an impeding of blood flow over an outer surface of the sealing device.
- In some other scenarios, one or more of the connections at the connection points may enforce a radially outwardly angled direction upon the membrane layer adjacent the connection points.
- In various embodiments, two or more portions of the membrane layer may be connected at connection points independent of the connections to the frame and/or may form one of a linear or curvilinear seam of at least two points.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a radially-compressed cylindrical lattice frame for a vascular implant, according to an embodiment. -
FIG. 2 illustrates an expanded cylindrical lattice frame for a vascular implant, according to an embodiment. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a membrane layer for a vascular implant in an axially-shortened state, according to an embodiment. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a longitudinal cross-sectional view of suture attachment of a membrane layer to a lattice frame for a vascular implant in both a radially-compressed configuration and a radially-expanded configuration, according to an embodiment. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a side elevation view of an axially-shortened membrane layer on a radially-expanded lattice frame for a vascular implant, according to an embodiment. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a side elevation view of an axially-shortened membrane layer coupled to a radially-expanded lattice frame, according to an embodiment. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a side elevation view of an axially-shortened membrane layer coupled to a radially-expanded lattice frame, according to another embodiment. -
FIG. 8 illustrates a side elevation view of an axially-shortened membrane layer coupled to a radially expanded lattice frame and deployed within a vessel, according to an embodiment. -
FIG. 9 illustrates a plurality of side elevation views of variations in axial position of attachment points along a radially compressed lattice frame, according to various embodiments. -
FIG. 10 illustrates a plurality of side elevation views of variations in axial position of membranes along a radially compressed lattice frame, according to various embodiments. -
FIG. 11 illustrates a plurality of side elevation views of variations in axial position of membranes along a radially compressed lattice frame, according to various embodiments. -
FIG. 12 illustrates a plurality of side elevation views of variations in axial position of membranes along a radially compressed lattice frame showing variations of attachments of the membrane to the frame, according to various embodiments. -
FIG. 13 illustrates a transverse cross section of a vascular implant, according to another embodiment. -
FIG. 14 illustrates a transverse cross section of the vascular implant ofFIG. 13 expanded within a vessel. - The following description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the present system and method and is not meant to limit the inventive concepts claimed in this document. Further, particular features described in this document can be used in combination with other described features in each of the various possible combinations and permutations.
- Unless otherwise specifically defined in this document, all terms are to be given their broadest possible interpretation including meanings implied from the specification as well as meanings understood by those skilled in the art and/or as defined in dictionaries, treatises, etc.
- It must also be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless otherwise specified. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. All publications mentioned in this document are incorporated by reference. Nothing in this document is to be construed as an admission that the embodiments described in this document are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention. As used herein, the term “comprising” means “including, but not limited to”. Additionally, use the term “couple”, “coupled”, or “coupled to” may imply that two or more elements may be directly connected or may be indirectly coupled through one or more intervening elements.
- In this document, position-identifying terms such as “inflow”, “outflow”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “front”, “rear”, “top”, and “bottom” are not intended to limit the invention to a particular direction or orientation, but instead are only intended to denote relative positions, or positions corresponding to directions shown when a vascular implant is oriented as shown in the Figures. Accordingly, the provided orienting descriptions of the device do not limit its use to the inflow end of an exclusion graft or device; the device may also be used at the outflow end of an exclusion graft or device.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , a radially-compressed (or radially-crimped)cylindrical lattice frame 10 for use in, e.g., a vascular implant, is illustrated. For clarity of illustration, only the foreground portion ofcylindrical lattice frame 10 is shown inFIG. 1 , with the background portion omitted.Frame 10 may be used in conjunction with a transcatheter tube graft implant. Accordingly,frame 10 may be formed of any appropriate biocompatible material, such as stainless steel, gold, titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy, tantalum alloy, nitinol, one or more biocompatible polymers, etc. -
Frame 10 includes aninflow edge 50 and anoutflow edge 52 relative to axial blood flow within a vessel in which the implant is placed.Frame 10 may be formed by a plurality ofarms 15 interconnected by a plurality of circumferentially-distributedconnection nodes 16 to form a cylindrical lattice structure. The lattice structure offrame 10 may be originally fabricated or cut in the configuration shown inFIG. 1 . However, it is to be understood thatframe 10 may be formed by any appropriate method, and is not limited by the lattice structure illustrated inFIG. 1 . - As shown in
FIG. 1 , whenframe 10 is in a radially-compressed state, an axial distance x exists between two random (but approximately circumferentially-aligned) node points 12, 17 havingrespective baselines frame 10 is radially expanded, as illustrated inFIG. 2 , the overall axial length offrame 10 betweenpoints baselines baselines frame 10 in the direction of the vessel walls leads to axial compression offrame 10. - Referring now to
FIG. 3 , amembrane layer 22 configured for use in conjunction withframe 10 is illustrated. Indicated by arrows, asmembrane layer 22 axially shortens frombaseline 14 tobaseline 20, aredundant portion 23 ofmembrane layer 22 is then projected out of plane, corresponding to the radially-outward direction from theunderlying frame 10. Thisredundant material 23 increases the membrane layer local material density which occupies the space between theframe 10 and the inner surface of the vascular wall, adding to the sealing function of themembrane layer 22. While shown (for ease of illustration) as a substantially flat sheet inFIG. 3 , it is to be understood thatmembrane layer 22 may be cylindrically wrapped or otherwise formed aroundframe 10 to form a cylindrical, tube-like structure. As will be discussed further below, in accordance with some embodiments,membrane layer 22 may be formed as an axially-complete layer over the entire axial length offrame 10. However, in accordance with other embodiments,membrane layer 22 may be formed as an axially-incomplete layer of the length offrame 10. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the axial length ofmembrane layer 22 may exceed the axial length offrame 10. Additionally, in some embodiments, the circumferential extent of themembrane layer 22 may not exceed the circumferential extent ofunderlying frame 10, while in other embodiments, the circumferential extent of themembrane layer 22 does exceed the circumferential extent ofunderlying frame 10. -
Membrane layer 22 may be formed of any appropriate biocompatible material, such as, for example, processed mammalian pericardium tissue (e.g., porcine or bovine pericardium), a biocompatible fabric, a polymer material (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)), etc. -
Membrane layer 22 may be coupled at least partially to anouter surface frame 10 by any appropriate method. For example,FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a single side of the membrane layer and frame members at points of interconnection. As shown inFIG. 4 , portions ofmembrane layer 22 are coupled to a plurality of circumferentially-distributed and axially-separated connection points 25, 26, 27 offrame 10 throughrespective sutures 28. In one aspect of the present disclosure, afold 24 may be created during the coupling ofmembrane layer 22 to an intermediate connection point(s) 26 that is axially between the inflow-side connection point(s) 25 and the outflow-side connection point(s) 27. For example, referring to configuration “A” ofFIG. 4 , which illustrates themembrane layer 22 coupled to frame 10 whenframe 10 is in the radially-compressed configuration shown inFIG. 1 , two sides offold 23 at the base of projectingfold 24 are coupled to the intermediate connection point(s) 26 by asuture 28 such that thefold 24 is effectively biased to one side of the intermediate connection point(s) 26. Whenframe 10 is radially expanded (as shown inFIG. 2 ), the accompanying axial compression of at least a portion offrame 10 from an axial distance x to an axial distance Fx causes the coupledmembrane layer 22 to similarly compress. Due to two sides offold 23 being coupled to the intermediate connection point(s) 26, such axial compression offrame 10 to axial distance Fx also causesmembrane layer 22 to radially project outward, away fromframe 10, as is shown in configuration “B” ofFIG. 4 . As will be described further below, this radially-outward projection ofmembrane layer 22 atfold 24 may provide for improved sealing between the transcatheter tube graft implant and a vessel to mitigate endoleaks around the periphery of the implant. - As shown in
FIG. 4 ,membrane layer 22 not only projects radially outward away fromframe 10, but also projects at least partially upward (e.g., toward an inflow end relative to blood flow through a vessel). This upward projection is due to the orientation in which the two sides ofmembrane layer 22 are overlapped when coupled to intermediate connection point(s) 26. Thus, it is also possible for themembrane layer 22 to be overlapped in the direction opposite of that shown inFIG. 4 , which would causemembrane layer 22 to project both radially outward and downward away fromframe 10. Furthermore, while not shown,membrane layer 22 may be overlapped and connected to connection point(s) 26 such that thefold 24 may be expanded to project both toward an upward (inflow) end and a downward (outflow) end of the frame. It is to be understood that similar folds in the membrane layer may be configured at other and possibly multiple points of connection or between points of connection by sutures or other means not connectingmembrane layer 22 to frame 10. - Referring to
FIG. 5 , a simplified view of animplant 30 in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure is illustrated. For clarity, sutures or other interconnection means between themembrane layer 22 andframe 10 are omitted fromFIG. 5 . As described above with respect toFIG. 4 , whenframe 10 is radially expanded (and axially compressed), the surroundedmembrane layer 22 is also axially compressed, resulting in thefold 24 projecting radially outward around the entire circumference offrame 10. The radial projection formed byfold 24 may act as a seal between themembrane layer 22 and the vessel walls (not shown) whenimplant 30 is placed in a desired location, withfold 24 ofmembrane layer 22 blocking some or all of the blood flowing around the periphery ofimplant 30, thereby mitigating endoleaks, as indicated byarrows 29. - As shown in
FIG. 6 ,implant 30 may include a plurality ofsutures 28 utilized to couple the membrane layer to a plurality of connection points of theframe 10. In addition, atube graft 32 may be coupled to the outflow side offrame 10. An inflow side oftube graft 32 may overlap with an outflow side ofmembrane layer 22, with the inflow side oftube graft 32 configured to share thesutures 28coupling membrane layer 22 to frame 10. Once again, whilesutures 28 are illustrated, it is to be understood that any appropriate connection means between the membrane layer, tube graft, and frame may be utilized. - Sutures (or other connectors) 28
coupling membrane layer 22 to frame 10 need not lie directly upon an inflow or outflow edge offrame 10, as only axial separation between the circumferential connection points 25, 26, 27 (shown inFIG. 4 ) is needed if there is axial shortening of the corresponding circumferentially-complete underlying portion of theframe 10 upon radially expansion of theframe 10. Further, thebiocompatible membrane layer 22 need not terminate in either inflow or outflow ends of the axial extent of theframe 10. For example, in one aspect of the present disclosure, themembrane layer 22 may extend at least to and be interconnected along (1) an outflow end of the axial extent corresponding to the outflow edge of theframe 10 and (2) an inflow end of the axial extent between the inflow and outflow edges of theframe 10 approximating the axially mid portion of theframe 10, such as that which is shown inFIGS. 5-6 . - Referring now to
FIGS. 7-8 , animplant 34 in accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure is illustrated. Unlike themembrane layer 22 described above with respect toFIG. 6 , which formed a sealing device separate fromtube graft 32,implant 34 includes atube graft 36 in which the sealing device is integrally formed on an inflow end oftube graft 36. Specifically, a portion oftube graft 36 is disposed at least partially around aframe 10 and coupled to frame 10 viasutures 28 in a manner similar to that described above with respect toFIG. 4 . Whenframe 10 is radially expanded (as shown inFIG. 7 ), the portion oftube graft 36 surroundingframe 10 axially compresses, thereby causing one ormore folds 46 to project radially outward, allowing this radially projecting portion oftube graft 36 to form a seal against some or all blood flowing around the periphery ofimplant 34 as indicated byarrows 29. -
FIG. 8 illustrates theimplant 34 as described above with respect toFIG. 7 deployed within, e.g., avessel portion 40 shown in cross-section. As is shown, theradially projecting folds 46 oftube graft 36 are configured to at least partially compress against theinner walls 42 ofvessel 40 whenframe 10 is radially expanded, thereby providing an effective barrier seal against endoleak or other fluid flow past the outer periphery of implant. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 8 , folds 46 are shown as being compressed against theinner walls 42 and angled toward the inflow end of the frame. However, as described above,implant 34 could alternatively be configured such that folds 46 are compressed againstinner walls 42 and angled toward the outflow end of the frame. - While
FIG. 2 shows the entirety offrame 10 being axially compressed when in a radially-expanded state, it is to be understood that, in some embodiments, only a certain axial extent offrame 10 may be axially compressed when in a radially-expanded state. That is, in some embodiments, portions offrame 10 may be capable of remaining substantially constant in axial length, even whenframe 10 is expanded radially, while other portions along an axial extent of theframe 10 may axially compress. - For example, referring to
FIG. 9 , a plurality of example variations of axial membrane attachment points on a radially-compressed frame are shown, with the axial membrane attachment points being indicated by inwardly-pointed arrows. As is shown inFIG. 9 , the axial membrane attachment points can be at numerous different locations along the frame between the inflow and outflow edges, including at locations inset from the inflow edge, outflow edge, or both. In variations in which the axial extent of the membrane attachment points does not extend entirely to the inflow and outflow edges (e.g., variations B-F shown inFIG. 9 ), the portions of the frame located outside of the axial extent between the membrane attachment points do not necessarily need to axially shorten during radial expansion in order to achieve a desired radial projection in the membrane. Accordingly, these portions of the frame located outside of the axial extent between the membrane attachment points may be configured differently than the portions within the axial extent such that all or some of the frame portions located outside of the axial extent do not compress/shorten with radial expansion. - Similarly, referring to
FIGS. 10-11 , a plurality of example variations in the axial extent and position of the membrane relative to a radially-compressed frame are illustrated. As discussed above with respect toFIG. 9 , the axial membrane attachment points can be at numerous different locations along the frame between the inflow and outflow edges, including at locations inset from the inflow edge, outflow edge, or both. Accordingly, the membrane itself may also axially extend along less than the entirety of the frame (e.g., variations B-F shown inFIG. 10 ), dependent upon the axial position of the attachment points. Additionally and/or alternatively, the membrane may extend beyond the inflow and/or outflow edges of the frame (e.g., variations G-K shown inFIG. 11 ). In such configurations, the membrane portions located between axial membrane attachment points may axially shorten in conjunction with radial expansion of the frame, while the membrane portions located outside of the axial membrane attachment points (and/or outside of the frame itself) may not change in axial length. - Referring to
FIG. 12 , a plurality of example variations of suture attachment schemes for the attachment of the membrane to the radially-compressed frame are shown. It is to be understood that the suture attachments schemes shown inFIG. 12 are not limiting, as different attachment schemes are also possible. In some variations (e.g., variations B-D), suture attachments are placed at a pair of axial locations along the axial length of the membrane. However, in other variations (e.g., variations A, E, F), intermediate suture attachments may also be included along the axial length of the membrane. In accordance with the depiction of the cross-sectional view of the generally cylindrically disposed membrane layer, it is to be understood that the axial position of suture attachments is indicated inFIG. 12 , but at each indicated axial position the attachments are circumferentially distributed. - Next, referring to
FIGS. 13-14 , animplant 50 in accordance with another aspect of the disclosure is illustrated. Specifically,FIG. 13 shows a transverse cross-sectional view ofimplant 50 having a circumferentially-redundant membrane 52 coupled to an expandedframe 56 along a plurality of attachment points by a plurality ofsutures 54 such that the transverse curvilinear extent of the membrane spanning the circumferential separation between two or more points of attachment to the frame exceeds that circumference separation. Whileframe 56 is shown in an expanded state, it is to be understood thatframe 56 may be radially compressed, similar to frame 10 described above.Membrane 52 is sized so as to be circumferentially larger than radially-expandedframe 56, thereby causing the portions ofmembrane 52 located between the plurality of attachment points alongframe 56 to bulge outward, even whenframe 56 is radially expanded. As shown in the inset figure ofFIG. 13 , each radially outward transverse bulge in the membrane may be enhanced by biasing the membrane to the outward radial direction at the points of attachment by the specific means of attachment. In the example shown in the inset figure, thesuture attachment 54 is configured to capture and enforcefolds 53 in the membrane such that an outward bias in the curve of the bulge is developed. The membrane material may be configured by thickness and stiffness, for example, to create firmness of the bulges suitable to the sealing function. In another biasing mechanism indicated in the inset figure, the two sides of the membrane departing from the point of attachment may be connected at line A-B to each other as by suturing either adjacent the point of attachment alone or along an axial length to form at least a partial seam. Line A-B and points of membrane connection aligned to it may be radially or axially displaced from the underlying frame by an arbitrary distance. Single sutures or seams of suture or other means of connection may be used to create other or multiple folds of arbitrary biasing direction at any place in the membrane layer. - As shown in
FIG. 14 , whenimplant 50 is expanded within avessel 58, the outwardly-bulging portions ofmembrane 52 are compressed against the inner walls ofvessel 58 to create a plurality of folds/wrinkles in themembrane 52, thereby forming a radial and circumferential seal between theimplant 50 and the inner walls ofvessel 58. - While not shown in
FIGS. 13-14 , it is to be understood that the circumferentially-redundant membrane attachment may be employed simultaneously together with the axially-redundant membrane attachment shown and described above with respect toFIGS. 4-8 . - While not shown in
FIGS. 6-14 , it is to be understood that the sealing device may also be used at the outflow end as well as at the inflow end of a tube graft or EVAR device to mitigate endoleak. - In accordance with
FIGS. 1-14 described above, various aspects of the present disclosure describe an intravascular device including a frame having an inflow edge, an outflow edge, and a circumferentially complete axial portion that is configured to decrease in axial length upon the radial expansion of the frame from a configuration that is radially compressed to a configuration that is radially expanded, with the radially expanded configuration being associated with the deployed condition of the intravascular device. The intravascular device may also include a layer of biocompatible membrane applied and interconnected to the radially outer surface of the substantially circumferentially-complete axial portion of the frame, with the membrane layer having an axial length that exceeds the axial length of the substantially circumferentially-complete axial portion of the frame when in its expanded configuration. - In some aspects of the present disclosure, the frame and, in particular, the circumferentially-complete axial portion of the frame, includes a lattice.
- The circumference of the biocompatible layer may exceed or not exceed the circumference of the frame portion to which it is interconnected.
- The biocompatible membrane may be comprised of fabric or polymer material such as PTFE. In some aspects of the present disclosure, the biocompatible membrane is comprised of a cross-linked and processed mammalian tissue, such as porcine or bovine pericardium. The membrane material may be substantially dry, radially compressed, associated to a delivery catheter, sterilized, and pre-packaged with a delivery system prior to use at implantation.
- In the example where the intravascular device is a framed tube graft for endovascular exclusion of an aneurysmal defect, the biocompatible membrane layer may be interconnected to the frame at a series of circumferentially-distributed points axially displaced from the outflow edge of the frame and at a series of circumferentially-distributed points approximating the outflow edge of the frame. In some aspects of the present disclosure, the points of interconnection correspond to nodes or crossing points of the frame lattice. However, in other aspects, the intravascular device may have alternative uses, such as, for example, transcatheter valves. In such scenarios, the inflow and outflow polarities of the frame may be reversed from that which is described above with respect to
FIGS. 1-14 . - When the frame including the circumferentially-complete axial portion is deployed from a radially-compressed to a fully radially-expanded condition, the circumferentially-complete axial portion of the frame predictably shortens axially, moving the various circumferential membrane layer interconnection points axially toward each other. Such axial movement causes the membrane layer between the interconnection points to become redundant and, therefore, to project radially outward to form a circumferentially-oriented pleat. This radially-outward projection of the membrane layer is circumferential and causes the radially-outward projection of the membrane layer to be interposed between the frame and the native tissue seat, thereby allowing at least a portion of the membrane layer to act as a barrier seal to block the passage of blood between the inner surface of the vessel and the outer surface of the implant. In the example of an EVAR device, the configuration described above may act to block endoleak. However, the device may be used for other purposes, such as reducing prosthetic paravalvular leak.
- As long as there is axial separation of these two series of circumferential interconnection points, and there is axial shortening of the corresponding circumferentially complete underlying portion of the frame on expansion from the compressed or crimped configuration, then the interconnection points need not lie directly upon an edge of the frame or upon an edge of that circumferentially complete portion configured to predictably shorten. Further, the biocompatible membrane layer need not terminate in either axial extent at the points of interconnection. In at least one embodiment, the tissue layer extends at least to and is interconnected along (1) an outflow axial extent corresponding to the outflow edge of the frame and (2) an inflow axial extent between the inflow and outflow edges of the frame approximating the axially mid portion of the frame.
- The above-disclosed features and functions, as well as alternatives, may be combined into many other different systems or applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements may be made by those skilled in the art, each of which is also intended to be encompassed by the disclosed embodiments.
Claims (21)
1. A sealing device for use as a vascular implant comprising:
a frame, the frame having an inflow edge and an outflow edge relative to axial blood flow within a vessel, wherein an at least partial axial extent of the frame is configured to decrease in axial length when expanded from a radially compressed configuration to a radially expanded configuration; and
a membrane layer coupled to the at least partial axial extent of the frame between the inflow edge and the outflow edge of the frame, wherein the membrane layer is coupled to an outer surface of the at least partial axial extent of the frame at one or more axially spaced connection points such that at least a portion of the membrane layer projects radially outward relative to the frame when the at least partial axial extent of the frame is in the radially-expanded configuration, the portion of the membrane layer being included between the one or more axially spaced connection points such that the transverse curvilinear extent does not have underlying frame members.
2. The sealing device of claim 1 , wherein the at least partial axial extent of the frame is formed as a lattice structure.
3. The sealing device of claim 2 , wherein the membrane layer is coupled to the lattice structure at a plurality of axially-spaced and circumferentially-distributed connection points.
4. The sealing device of claim 3 , wherein the membrane layer is coupled to the lattice structure by a plurality of sutures.
5. The sealing device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more axially spaced connection points of the frame include a plurality of circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the inflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame.
6. The sealing device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more axially spaced connection points of the frame include a plurality of circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the outflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame.
7. The sealing device of claim 1 , wherein the axially spaced connection points of the frame include one or more circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the outflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame, one or more circumferentially-distributed connection points proximate to the inflow edge of the at least partial axial extent of the frame, and one or more intermediate connection points located axially between the connection points proximate the outflow edge and the connections points proximate the inflow edge.
8. The sealing device of claim 7 , wherein the one or more intermediate connection points enforce an inflow-angled fold in the membrane layer.
9. The sealing device of claim 7 , wherein the one or more intermediate connection points enforce an outflow-angled fold in the membrane layer.
10. The sealing device of claim 7 , wherein the one or more intermediate connection points enforces both an inflow-angled and an outflow-angled fold in the membrane layer.
11. The sealing device of claim 1 , wherein the membrane layer is formed of at least one of processed mammalian pericardium tissue, a biocompatible fabric, or a polymer material.
12. The sealing device of claim 11 , wherein the membrane layer is formed of at least one of porcine or bovine pericardium tissue.
13. The sealing device of claim 11 , wherein the membrane layer is formed of a substantially dry tissue.
14. The sealing device of claim 13 , wherein the sealing device is in a radially-compressed condition, associated to a delivery system, and provided together with the delivery system in a sterile condition within an internally sterile package.
15. The sealing device of claim 1 , wherein a circumferential extent of the membrane layer exceeds a circumferential extent of the frame.
16. The sealing device of claim 1 , wherein a circumferential extent of the membrane layer does not exceed a circumferential extent of the frame.
17. The sealing device of claim 1 , wherein the membrane layer extends over an entire axial length of the frame.
18. The sealing device of claim 1 , wherein the membrane layer extends over only a portion of an axial length of the frame.
19. The sealing device of claim 1 , wherein the membrane layer axially extends beyond at least one of the inflow edge or the outflow edge of the frame.
20. The sealing device of claim 1 , wherein the radially projecting portion of the membrane layer is configured to contact an inner wall of the vessel to cause an impeding of blood flow over an outer surface of the sealing device.
21.-44. (canceled)
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US17/814,018 US20230146006A1 (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2022-07-21 | Conduit vascular implant sealing device for reducing endoleaks |
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US17/814,018 US20230146006A1 (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2022-07-21 | Conduit vascular implant sealing device for reducing endoleaks |
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US17/814,018 Pending US20230146006A1 (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2022-07-21 | Conduit vascular implant sealing device for reducing endoleaks |
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2018
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- 2018-09-11 WO PCT/US2018/050440 patent/WO2019051476A1/en active Application Filing
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