US20230047964A1 - Atherectomy motor control system - Google Patents
Atherectomy motor control system Download PDFInfo
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- US20230047964A1 US20230047964A1 US17/969,352 US202217969352A US2023047964A1 US 20230047964 A1 US20230047964 A1 US 20230047964A1 US 202217969352 A US202217969352 A US 202217969352A US 2023047964 A1 US2023047964 A1 US 2023047964A1
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- G05B11/36—Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential
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- G05B13/0205—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system
- G05B13/021—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system in which a variable is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
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Definitions
- the present disclosure pertains to medical devices, and methods for manufacturing and using medical devices. More particularly, the disclosure is directed to devices and methods for removing occlusive material from a body lumen. Further, the disclosure is directed to an atherectomy device for forming a passageway through an occlusion of a body lumen, such as a blood vessel.
- Occlusions can be partial occlusions that reduce blood flow through the occluded portion of a blood vessel or total occlusions (e.g., chronic total occlusions) that substantially block blood flow through the occluded blood vessel.
- a stent may be placed in the area of a treated occlusion.
- restenosis may occur in the stent, further occluding the vessel and restricting blood flow.
- Revascularization techniques include using a variety of devices to pass through the occlusion to create or enlarge an opening through the occlusion.
- Atherectomy is one technique in which a catheter having a cutting element thereon is advanced through the occlusion to form or enlarge a pathway through the occlusion. A need remains for alternative atherectomy devices to facilitate crossing an occlusion.
- the disclosure is directed to an atherectomy system that includes a drive mechanism that is adapted to rotatably actuate an atherectomy burr and a controller that is adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism.
- the controller is adapted to receive an indication of an increase in torque experienced at the atherectomy burr and is further adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism such that the increase in torque results in a noticeable reduction in speed of the drive mechanism such that a user of the atherectomy system notices the reduction in speed and is alerted to the increase in torque.
- the drive mechanism may include a drive cable that is coupled with the atherectomy burr and a drive motor that is adapted to rotate the drive cable.
- the controller is further adapted to increase the torque provided by the drive mechanism until a torque threshold is reached and direct the drive mechanism to reverse in order to unwind energy in the drive mechanism.
- the atherectomy system may further include a user interface operably coupled to the controller so that the controller is able to display information regarding performance of the drive mechanism.
- the controller may be further adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism such that the reduction in speed is greater than would otherwise result from the increase in torque in order to alert the user to the increase in torque.
- the controller may include a reference block that is adapted to receive a speed signal and output a reference signal, a control block that is adapted to receive the reference signal from the reference block and generate a resulting control effort signal and a drive circuit that is adapted to receive the control effort signal from the control block and regulate operation of the drive mechanism accordingly.
- control block may include a Proportional controller.
- control block may include a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller.
- PID Proportional Integral Derivative
- the reference block may be adapted to output a reference signal that is either a nominal positive value, a small negative value or zero.
- the reference block may be adapted to default to the nominal positive value for the reference signal upon startup of the atherectomy system.
- the reference block may be adapted to add an offset value to the reference signal in order to accurately hold speed of the drive mechanism during a no-load situation.
- an atherectomy system that includes a drive mechanism that is adapted to rotatably actuate an atherectomy burr and a control system that is adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism.
- the control system includes a reference block for determining a speed reference, the speed reference selectable between a nominal value, a negative value, and zero and a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller that is operably coupled to the reference block for receiving the speed reference, the PID controller adapted to utilize the speed reference, a Proportional (P) gain value, an Integral (I) gain value and a Derivative (D) gain value in determining an output signal for the drive mechanism.
- the PID controller is further adapted to add an offset value to the speed reference received from the reference block and is further adapted to provide a reduction in motor speed of the drive mechanism that is greater than what would otherwise normally occur in response to an increasing torque experienced at the atherectomy burr.
- the I gain value and the D gain value may be set to zero or about zero.
- the P gain value may be set to a low value.
- the drive mechanism may include a drive cable that is coupled with the atherectomy burr and a drive motor that is adapted to rotate the drive cable.
- the PID controller in response to an increasing torque as a result of a stuck atherectomy burr, may be adapted to increase torque until a predetermined threshold is reached and the reference block may be adapted to set the speed reference to the negative value in order to unwind energy stored in the drive mechanism.
- an atherectomy system that includes a drive motor that is operably coupled to a drive cable and an atherectomy burr that is operably coupled to the drive cable.
- a control system is operably coupled to the drive motor and includes a feedback loop that is adapted to monitor performance of the drive motor and output a control effort signal and a drive circuit that is adapted to receive the control effort signal and regulate operation of the drive motor in accordance with the control effort signal.
- the control system is further adapted to provide a reduction in motor speed of the drive motor that is greater than what would otherwise normally occur in response to an increasing torque experienced at the atherectomy burr.
- the feedback loop may include a reference block for determining a speed reference and a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller that is operably coupled to the reference block for receiving the speed reference, the PID controller adapted to utilize the speed reference, a Proportional (P) gain value, an Integral (I) gain value and a Derivative (D) gain value in determining the control effort signal.
- PID Proportional Integral Derivative
- the feedback loop may be adapted to add an offset value to the reference signal in order to accurately hold speed of the drive motor during a no-load situation.
- control system may be further adapted to increase the torque provided by the drive motor until a torque threshold is reached and to drive the drive motor in reverse in order to unwind energy in the drive cable.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system
- FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system
- FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system
- FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system
- FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an example PID controller usable in the example atherectomy systems of FIGS. 1 through 6 ;
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an example atherectomy system that may utilize the atherectomy control systems described with respect to FIGS. 1 through 6 ;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an example atherectomy system that may utilize the atherectomy control systems described with respect to FIGS. 1 through 6 .
- Occlusions can be partial occlusions that reduce blood flow through the occluded portion of a blood vessel or total occlusions (e.g., chronic total occlusions) that substantially block blood flow through the occluded blood vessel.
- Revascularization techniques include using a variety of devices to pass through the occlusion to create or enlarge an opening through the occlusion.
- Atherectomy is one technique in which a catheter having a cutting element thereon is advanced through the occlusion to form or enlarge a pathway through the occlusion.
- the cutting element excises the occlusion without damaging the surrounding vessel wall and/or a previously implanted stent where restenosis has occurred.
- the cutting element may be manipulated and/or advanced such that it contacts the vessel wall and/or the stent. Therefore, it may be desirable to utilize materials and/or design an atherectomy device that can excise an occlusion without damaging the surrounding vessel and/or a previously implanted stent where restenosis has occurred.
- a cutting element be useful in removing hard occlusive material, such as calcified material, as well as softer occlusive material.
- the methods and systems disclosed herein may be designed to overcome at least some of the limitations of previous atherectomy devices while effectively excising occlusive material.
- some of the devices and methods disclosed herein may include cutting elements with unique cutting surface geometries and/or designs.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system 10 that includes a drive mechanism 12 that is adapted to rotatably actuate an atherectomy burr 14 .
- the atherectomy system 10 includes a controller 16 that is adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism 12 .
- the atherectomy system 10 may include a user interface 18 that may be operably coupled to the controller 16 such that the controller 16 is able to display information regarding the performance of the drive mechanism 12 . This information may, for example, include one or more of a current speed of the drive mechanism 12 , a current torque being experienced by the atherectomy burr 14 , and the like.
- the atherectomy burr 14 may also be referred to as being or including a cutting head or a cutting member, and these terms may be used interchangeably.
- the controller 16 may be adapted to receive an indication of an increase in torque experienced at the atherectomy burr 14 .
- an increase in torque may be realized by seeing a corresponding increase in the power consumption of the drive mechanism 12 .
- the controller 16 may be further adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism 12 such that the increase in torque results in a noticeable reduction in speed of the drive mechanism such that a user of the atherectomy system 10 notices the reduction in speed and is alerted to the increase in torque.
- the reduction in speed may be greater than what would otherwise be expected from the increased torque load on the drive mechanism 12 .
- the controller 16 may be further adapted to increase the torque provided by the drive mechanism 12 until a torque threshold is reached for a brief period of time. After the brief period of time, the drive mechanism 12 may be directed to reverse at a slow speed in order to unwind energy that is stored in the drive mechanism 12 .
- torque thresholds may be set based at least in part upon how fast the operator is running the device. In some instances, torque thresholds may be set based at least in part on how quickly the torque is increasing, and/or other operational parameters.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system 20 in which the drive mechanism 12 may include a drive motor 22 and a drive cable 24 that is operably coupled with the drive motor 22 as well as the atherectomy burr 14 .
- the atherectomy system 20 may be combined with features of the atherectomy system 10 .
- the atherectomy system 20 may also include a handle (not shown).
- FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system 30 in which the controller 16 includes a reference block 32 , a control block 34 and a drive circuit 36 .
- the reference block 32 may be adapted to receive a speed signal and to output a reference signal.
- the reference block 32 may be adapted to output a reference signal that is either a nominal positive value, a small negative value or zero.
- the reference block 32 may be adapted to default to the nominal positive value for the reference signal upon startup of the atherectomy system 10 .
- the reference block 32 may be adapted to add an offset value to the reference signal in order to accurately hold speed of the drive mechanism 12 during a no-load situation.
- the control block 34 may add the offset value to the reference signal.
- the control block 34 may be adapted to receive the reference signal from the reference block 32 and to generate a resulting control effort signal.
- the control block 34 includes a Proportional controller.
- the control block 34 includes a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller.
- the drive circuit 36 may be adapted to receive the control effort signal from the control block 34 and to regulate operation of the drive mechanism 12 accordingly.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system 40 that includes a control system 42 that is adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism 12 in order to rotatably actuate the atherectomy burr 14 .
- the control system 42 may include the reference block 32 as well as a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller 44 that is operably coupled to the reference block 32 .
- PID Proportional Integral Derivative
- the reference block 32 may determine a speed reference 46 that is selectable between a nominal value, a negative value and zero.
- the PID controller 44 may be further adapted to add an offset value to the speed reference 46 received from the reference block 32 , although in some cases, the reference block 32 may add the offset value.
- the PID controller 44 may be further adapted to provide a reduction in motor speed of the drive mechanism 12 that is greater than what would otherwise normally occur in response to an increasing torque experienced at the atherectomy burr 14 .
- the PID controller 44 may be adapted to utilize the speed reference 46 , a Proportional (P) gain value, an Integral (I) gain value and a Derivative (D) gain value in determining an output signal 48 for the drive mechanism 12 .
- the drive mechanism 12 may include a drive motor and drive cable extending between the drive motor and the atherectomy burr 14 .
- the I gain value and the D gain value may be set to zero or to essentially about zero, meaning that the I and D values have little or no impact on control.
- the P gain value is set to a low value that is non-zero, and permits a motor speed that is within about 90 percent of a reference speed.
- the PID controller 44 may be adapted to increase torque until a predetermined threshold is reached.
- the reference block 32 may be adapted to subsequently set the speed reference 46 to the negative value for a period of time in order allow energy stored in the drive mechanism to unwind. This may be a period of 1 to 10 seconds, or 1 to 20 seconds, or longer, for example. In some cases, this can facilitate extraction of the atherectomy burr 14 .
- FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system 50 that includes a control system 52 that is adapted to regulate operation of the drive motor 22 in order to rotatably actuate the atherectomy burr 14 .
- the control system 52 is operably coupled to the drive motor 22 and includes a feedback loop 54 that is adapted to monitor performance of the drive motor 22 and to output a control effort signal 56 .
- a drive circuit 58 is adapted to receive the control effort signal 56 and to regulate operation of the drive motor 22 in accordance with the control effort signal 56 .
- the control system 52 may be further adapted to provide a reduction in motor speed of the drive motor 22 that is greater than what would otherwise normally occur in response to an increasing torque experienced at the atherectomy burr 14 .
- the feedback loop 54 may include a reference block for determining a speed reference and a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller that is operably coupled to the reference block for receiving the speed reference, the PID controller adapted to utilize the speed reference, a Proportional (P) gain value, an Integral (I) gain value and a Derivative (D) gain value in determining the control effort signal.
- the feedback loop 54 may be adapted to add an offset value to a reference signal provided to the reference loop 54 in order to accurately hold speed of the drive motor 22 during a no-load situation.
- control system 52 may be further adapted to increase the torque provided by the drive motor 22 until a torque threshold is reached for a brief period of time, and to subsequently direct the drive motor 22 to reverse at a slow speed in order to unwind energy in the drive mechanism.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system 300 .
- the atherectomy system 300 may be considered as being an example of the atherectomy system 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 or 50 .
- features of the atherectomy system 300 may be combined with features of any of the atherectomy systems 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 or 50 , for example.
- the atherectomy system 300 includes a motor 302 that drives a drive cable 304 which itself engages a load 306 .
- the load 306 represents an atherectomy burr, for example.
- the motor 302 is controlled by a drive circuitry 308 which may be considered as being an example of or otherwise incorporated into the drive module 22 and/or the control system 106 , for example.
- the drive circuitry 308 receives an input from a feedback portion 310 .
- the feedback portion 310 begins with a reference input 312 from a reference schedule block 314 , which provides the reference input 312 to a PID controller 316 .
- the reference schedule block 314 may be configured to accept additional inputs, such as from a user and/or from additional sensors not illustrated. As an example, if the device has been running for too long of a period of time, the reference schedule block 314 may reduce the speed reference in order to prevent overheating.
- a PID controller is a controller that includes a (P) proportional portion, an (I) integral portion and a (D) derivative portion.
- the PID controller 316 outputs a control effort value 318 to the drive circuitry 308 .
- a motor state estimation block 320 receives a current/voltage signal 322 and a motor position signal 323 from the drive circuitry 308 and receives state feedback 324 from the PID controller 316 .
- the motor state estimation block 320 outputs a speed value 326 back to the reference schedule block 314 . While the feedback from the motor state estimation block 320 to the reference schedule block 314 is shown as being a speed value, in some cases the feedback may additionally or alternatively include one or more of position, torque, voltage or current, and in some cases may include the derivative or integral of any of these values.
- the motor state estimation block 320 may instead receive a signal 323 that represents speed, instead of position (as illustrated).
- the motor position signal 323 may be an indication of relative rotational position of an output shaft of the motor 302 , and thus an indication of relative rotational position of the load 306 , which if tracked over time may provide an indication of speed.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of the PID controller 316 , which may be considered as being an example of the PID controller 44 shown in FIG. 4 .
- a reference signal 312 which is representative of an error between a desired value and an actual value, enters the PID controller 316 .
- the PID controller 316 calculates a P term 340 , which is proportional to the error.
- the PID controller 316 calculates an I term 342 , which is an integral of the error and a D term 344 , which is a derivative of the error. These terms are added together at a summation point 346 , resulting in an output of the control effort signal 318 .
- FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary example of an interventional catheter assembly 410 with which the atherectomy systems 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 , 50 and 300 may be used.
- the interventional catheter assembly 410 includes a console unit 412 , a controller 460 , and a catheter system 432 having an operating head 440 located at or in proximity to the distal end of the catheter system.
- the controller 460 may be used to manipulate (e.g. advance and/or rotate) the catheter system 432 and operating head 440 , or alternative controls may be provided. It will be appreciated that at least some of the functionality of the controller 460 and/or the console unit 412 may instead be incorporated into the atherectomy systems 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 , 50 and 300 .
- the console unit 412 incorporates an infusion pump 414 and an aspiration pump 416 .
- an infusate conduit 418 draws fluid from an infusate reservoir 420 and operably contacts the infusion pump 414 to provide fluid through an infusion lumen in catheter system 432 to one or more infusion ports provided in proximity to the operating head.
- fluids with entrained particulates are withdrawn from the site of intervention through an aspiration lumen in the catheter system 432 and conveyed to an aspiration conduit 422 , which is in operable contact with the aspiration pump 416 , and communicates with the aspirate collection vessel 424 .
- the console unit 412 may also provide a power source for operating the operating head and system components, or it may be in communication with an external power source. In some cases, the console unit 412 may provide power to the interventional catheter assembly and the controller 460 via a device power port 425 and power cord 426 .
- console unit 412 Various microprocessor, electronic components, software and firmware components may be provided within or in communication with the console unit for controlling operation of the interventional catheter as described herein.
- Software may be provided in a machine-readable medium storing executable code and/or other data to provide one or a combination of mechanisms to process user-specific data.
- various systems and components may be controlled using hardware or firmware implementations.
- Data storage and processing systems may also be provided in console unit 412 .
- the console unit 412 is generally provided as a reusable assembly and is generally operated outside the sterile field. It may be mountable on a portable stand to facilitate convenient placement during interventions.
- the console unit 412 may provide feedback of system and/or environmental conditions or operating parameters.
- the console unit may output operational information concerning operating conditions and feedback from the material removal site to the operator.
- the console unit 412 may provide continuously updated output to an operator of operating parameters such as operating head rotation rate, which may include the actual run speed as well as the desired speed; operating head advance rate; aspiration rate and/or volume; infusion rate and/or volume; length of the body or matter to be removed that is traversed; and the like.
- Certain automated and selectable control features may be implemented in the console unit 412 . Preset routines or programs involving various operating parameters may be preselected, stored and selectable by an operator, for example. Thus, in some cases, the disclosed material removal system implements control features based on an operator's input of specified parameters.
- Specified parameters may include, for example: lesion length, lesion type and character, such as calcified, fibrotic, lipid/fatty and the like; historical factors, such as restenosis; rate of blood flow; volume of blood flow; percentage of restriction; lumen type and/or location; lumen diameter; desired rotation rate and/or rotation profile for the cutter assembly; desired advance rate and/or advance profile for the cutter assembly; desired aspiration rate and/or profile; desired infusion rate and/or profile; and the like.
- the control unit may calculate and implement automated operating conditions, such as: cutter assembly rotation rate and profile; cutter assembly advance rate and profile; aspiration rate and profile; infusion rate and profile; cutter assembly size; and the like.
- Various system operating parameters, operating conditions, patient conditions, and the like may also be recorded and stored during interventions to preserve a record of the patient and intervention operational parameters.
- aspiration may be included in the interventional catheter systems disclosed herein.
- fluid and associated particulates are aspirated from the intervention site at rates of at least 5 ml/min and, in many cases, fluid and associated particulates may be aspirated at rates of at least 15 ml/min, or at least 25 ml/min.
- the aspiration site may be more than a meter away from the controller 460 through an aspirate removal passageway located within the catheter system 432 and having a diameter of less than 0.10 inch, for example between about 0.050 to 0.070 inch.
- the distance that the aspirate travels between controller 460 and console unit 412 may be from about 1 ⁇ 2 meter to several meters, through an aspirate conduit that is between about 0.015 to about 1.0 inch in diameter.
- the blood and debris being aspirated are relatively viscous fluids, and achieving a relatively constant and high level of aspiration under these conditions is essential.
- aspiration pump 416 may be a multi-lobed roller pump.
- the rotation rates of multiple rollers, or of a multi-lobed rotating structure, may be variable or selectable to control the aspiration rate and volume.
- Roller pumps permit fluid to flow in a conduit through the rollers of the pump at atmospheric pressure, and thus reduce or prevent the formation of bubbles and foam in the liquid being evacuated. Because the aspirate is at atmospheric pressure when it exits the roller pump, a simplified, atmospheric pressure collection vessel may be used rather than an evacuated collection vessel.
- a simple bag or another collection vessel, such as those used for collection of blood, may be used.
- a collection bag 424 and a sealed aspiration conduit may be provided as part of a sterile disposable interventional catheter kit.
- a distal end of the aspiration conduit may be pre-mounted on and sealed to the controller 460 .
- a proximal portion of the aspiration conduit is mounted on the aspiration pump prior to operation of the interventional catheter and the aspirate collection bag is mounted to or in proximity to the control module.
- the infusion pump 414 may also be a multi-lobed roller pump employing variable or selectable rotation rates to control the infusion rate and volume.
- a simple bag or another infusate reservoir such as those used for intravenous infusions, may be used to supply the infusate.
- an infusate reservoir 420 having a sealed conduit that is mounted in the infusion pump 416 during operation of the interventional catheter may be provided.
- the sealed infusate conduit may be provided as part of the sterile disposable interventional catheter system and a distal end of the infusate conduit may be pre-mounted on and sealed to the controller 460 .
- a proximal portion of the infusate conduit may be connected to an infusate reservoir, such as a saline bag, and mounted in proximity to the infusion pump prior to operation.
- a control feature that automatically disables the infusion pump and/or power to the operating head may be activated upon detection of a fault (e.g. a bubble) in the infusate conduit.
- the console unit 412 may also have control switches for activating and shutting down the aspiration pump and system, and for activating and shutting down the infusion pump and system. These control features may be provided as simple on/off switches. Alternatively, systems providing different levels or rates of aspiration and/or infusion that are selectable by an operator may be provided. In addition, the console unit 412 may be provided with a timing mechanism that determines, and displays, the elapsed time of operation of the operating pressure and/or the aspiration and infusion systems. The volumes of aspirate withdrawn and the volume of infusate introduced may also be detected and displayed by the console unit 412 .
- Detection systems for monitoring the levels of aspirate and infusate in the respective reservoirs may be incorporated and alarms indicating an overfill condition for the aspirate collection system or a low supply condition for the infusate reservoir may be provided.
- Back-up aspirate collection and infusate supply systems may also be provided.
- the console unit 412 may be provided as a separate, re-usable unit, that may be used as standard equipment in operating rooms, for example.
- the console unit 412 is not contaminated by contact with blood or aspirate during operation, and the power and control systems are durable and long-lasting and may be reused for many interventions.
- the console unit 412 may be provided in a housing designed to sit on a platform during operation, or the housing may be designed for mounting on a portable structure, such as an i.v. pole or another structure, or may be a self-contained free-standing portable structure.
- the interventional catheter system including the catheter system 432 with the operating head 440 , the controller 460 , the aspirate conduit 422 , the aspirate collection vessel 424 , and the infusate conduit 418 may be provided as a sterile, single use system kit.
- the controller 460 which may be constructed from a durable, sterilizable material, such as hard plastic, may be provided in any convenient ergonomic design and constructed for placement in proximity to and/or in contact with the external body. In one instance, the controller may include an integrated handle for operator convenience in holding and supporting the controller during operation.
- the catheter system 432 exiting the controller 460 , may be axially translatable with respect to the controller 460 as the operating head and catheter system are guided to a target material removal site. It will be appreciated that some of the control and operational features described herein with reference to the controller 460 may be provided in the console unit 412 and, likewise, some of the control and operational features described with reference to the console unit 412 may be provided in the controller 460 .
- FIG. 9 shows an example rotational atherectomy system 510 with which the atherectomy systems 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 , 50 and 300 may be used.
- the rotational atherectomy system 510 may include a rotational atherectomy device 512 and a controller 514 for controlling the rotational atherectomy device 512 .
- the rotational atherectomy device 512 may include a housing 516 and an elongate shaft 518 extending distally from the housing 516 to a cutting member 520 located at a distal end of the elongate shaft 518 .
- the elongate shaft 518 may include a drive shaft 524 to provide rotational motion to the cutting member 520 .
- the elongate shaft 518 may include an outer tubular member 522 having a lumen extending therethrough and the drive shaft 524 may extend through the lumen of the outer tubular member 522 .
- the drive shaft 524 which may be fixed to the cutting member 520 , may be rotatable relative to the outer tubular member 522 to rotate the cutting member 520 .
- the axial position of the cutting member 520 relative to the outer tubular member 522 may be adjusted by moving the drive shaft 524 longitudinally relative to the outer tubular member 522 .
- the atherectomy device 512 may include an advancer assembly 526 positioned in the housing 516 , or otherwise provided with the housing 516 , that is longitudinally movable relative to the housing 516 .
- the outer tubular member 522 may be coupled to the housing 516 while the drive shaft 524 may be coupled to the advancer assembly 526 . Accordingly, the drive shaft 524 (and thus the cutting member 520 ) may be longitudinally movable relative to the outer tubular member 522 by actuating the advancer assembly 526 relative to the housing 516 .
- the rotational atherectomy device 512 may include a prime mover (not shown) to provide rotational motion to the drive shaft 524 to rotate the cutting member 520 .
- the prime mover may be a fluid turbine within the housing 516 , such as provided with the advancer assembly 526 .
- the prime mover may be an electrical motor, or the like.
- the controller 514 may be used to control the prime mover.
- the user may provide power to the prime mover and/or control the speed of rotation of the drive shaft 524 via the controller 514 .
- the front panel 528 of the controller 514 may include a user interface including a power switch, speed control mechanism (e.g., a speed control knob and/or buttons), a display, and/or other features for controlling the rotational atherectomy device 512 .
- the rotational atherectomy system 510 may include a remote control device 530 , such as a foot pedal, a hand control, or other mechanism which may be used to control the power and/or speed to the prime mover, for example.
- the electric motor may be coupled to the controller 514 via an electrical connection to control the electric motor and/or provide electricity to the electric motor.
- the rotational atherectomy device 512 may include a speed sensor, such as an optical speed sensor, coupled to the controller 514 via a connector 538 , such as a fiber optic connector to provide speed data to the controller 514 .
- a speed sensor such as an optical speed sensor
- an electronic sensor such as a Hall Effect sensor, or other type of sensor may be used to sense the speed of the drive shaft 524 and cutting member 520 .
- the speed data may be displayed, such as on the front panel 528 and/or the controller 514 , and/or used to control the speed of the cutting member 520 , such as maintaining a desired speed of the cutting member 520 during a medical procedure.
- the rotational atherectomy system 510 may be configured to infuse fluid through the elongate shaft 518 to the treatment site and/or aspirate fluid through the elongate shaft 518 from the treatment site.
- the rotational atherectomy system 510 may include a fluid supply 540 for providing a flow of fluid through a lumen of the elongate shaft 518 to a treatment site.
- the fluid supply 540 may include a saline bag 542 which may be pressurized by a pressure cuff 544 to provide a pressurized fluid (e.g., saline) to the rotational atherectomy device 512 through a fluid supply line 546 .
- an infusion pump such as a peristaltic pump
- a peristaltic pump may be used to deliver pressurized fluid to the rotational atherectomy device 512 .
- the rotational atherectomy system 510 may be configured to aspirate fluid from the treatment site.
- the rotational atherectomy system 510 may include an aspiration pump, such as a peristaltic pump, to generate a vacuum to aspirate fluid through a lumen of the elongate shaft 518 to a fluid collection container (not shown), if desired.
- the elongate shaft 518 of the rotational atherectomy device 512 may be advanced over a guidewire 548 to a treatment site.
- the drive shaft 524 may include a guidewire lumen through which the guidewire 548 may pass.
- the elongate shaft 518 may be advanced through a lumen of a guide catheter to a treatment site.
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Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent Ser. No. 16/284,708, filed Feb. 25, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,478,270; which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/636,103, filed Feb. 27, 2018, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- The present disclosure pertains to medical devices, and methods for manufacturing and using medical devices. More particularly, the disclosure is directed to devices and methods for removing occlusive material from a body lumen. Further, the disclosure is directed to an atherectomy device for forming a passageway through an occlusion of a body lumen, such as a blood vessel.
- Many patients suffer from occluded arteries and other blood vessels which restrict blood flow. Occlusions can be partial occlusions that reduce blood flow through the occluded portion of a blood vessel or total occlusions (e.g., chronic total occlusions) that substantially block blood flow through the occluded blood vessel. In some cases a stent may be placed in the area of a treated occlusion. However, restenosis may occur in the stent, further occluding the vessel and restricting blood flow. Revascularization techniques include using a variety of devices to pass through the occlusion to create or enlarge an opening through the occlusion. Atherectomy is one technique in which a catheter having a cutting element thereon is advanced through the occlusion to form or enlarge a pathway through the occlusion. A need remains for alternative atherectomy devices to facilitate crossing an occlusion.
- This disclosure provides design, material, manufacturing method, and use alternatives for medical devices. For example, the disclosure is directed to an atherectomy system that includes a drive mechanism that is adapted to rotatably actuate an atherectomy burr and a controller that is adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism. The controller is adapted to receive an indication of an increase in torque experienced at the atherectomy burr and is further adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism such that the increase in torque results in a noticeable reduction in speed of the drive mechanism such that a user of the atherectomy system notices the reduction in speed and is alerted to the increase in torque.
- Alternatively or additionally, the drive mechanism may include a drive cable that is coupled with the atherectomy burr and a drive motor that is adapted to rotate the drive cable.
- Alternatively or additionally, if the atherectomy burr becomes stuck, the controller is further adapted to increase the torque provided by the drive mechanism until a torque threshold is reached and direct the drive mechanism to reverse in order to unwind energy in the drive mechanism.
- Alternatively or additionally, the atherectomy system may further include a user interface operably coupled to the controller so that the controller is able to display information regarding performance of the drive mechanism.
- Alternatively or additionally, the controller may be further adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism such that the reduction in speed is greater than would otherwise result from the increase in torque in order to alert the user to the increase in torque.
- Alternatively or additionally, the controller may include a reference block that is adapted to receive a speed signal and output a reference signal, a control block that is adapted to receive the reference signal from the reference block and generate a resulting control effort signal and a drive circuit that is adapted to receive the control effort signal from the control block and regulate operation of the drive mechanism accordingly.
- Alternatively or additionally, the control block may include a Proportional controller.
- Alternatively or additionally, the control block may include a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller.
- Alternatively or additionally, the reference block may be adapted to output a reference signal that is either a nominal positive value, a small negative value or zero.
- Alternatively or additionally, the reference block may be adapted to default to the nominal positive value for the reference signal upon startup of the atherectomy system.
- Alternatively or additionally, the reference block may be adapted to add an offset value to the reference signal in order to accurately hold speed of the drive mechanism during a no-load situation.
- Another example of the disclosure is an atherectomy system that includes a drive mechanism that is adapted to rotatably actuate an atherectomy burr and a control system that is adapted to regulate operation of the drive mechanism. The control system includes a reference block for determining a speed reference, the speed reference selectable between a nominal value, a negative value, and zero and a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller that is operably coupled to the reference block for receiving the speed reference, the PID controller adapted to utilize the speed reference, a Proportional (P) gain value, an Integral (I) gain value and a Derivative (D) gain value in determining an output signal for the drive mechanism. The PID controller is further adapted to add an offset value to the speed reference received from the reference block and is further adapted to provide a reduction in motor speed of the drive mechanism that is greater than what would otherwise normally occur in response to an increasing torque experienced at the atherectomy burr.
- Alternatively or additionally, the I gain value and the D gain value may be set to zero or about zero.
- Alternatively or additionally, the P gain value may be set to a low value.
- Alternatively or additionally, the drive mechanism may include a drive cable that is coupled with the atherectomy burr and a drive motor that is adapted to rotate the drive cable.
- Alternatively or additionally, in response to an increasing torque as a result of a stuck atherectomy burr, the PID controller may be adapted to increase torque until a predetermined threshold is reached and the reference block may be adapted to set the speed reference to the negative value in order to unwind energy stored in the drive mechanism.
- Another example of the disclosure is an atherectomy system that includes a drive motor that is operably coupled to a drive cable and an atherectomy burr that is operably coupled to the drive cable. A control system is operably coupled to the drive motor and includes a feedback loop that is adapted to monitor performance of the drive motor and output a control effort signal and a drive circuit that is adapted to receive the control effort signal and regulate operation of the drive motor in accordance with the control effort signal. The control system is further adapted to provide a reduction in motor speed of the drive motor that is greater than what would otherwise normally occur in response to an increasing torque experienced at the atherectomy burr.
- Alternatively or additionally, the feedback loop may include a reference block for determining a speed reference and a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller that is operably coupled to the reference block for receiving the speed reference, the PID controller adapted to utilize the speed reference, a Proportional (P) gain value, an Integral (I) gain value and a Derivative (D) gain value in determining the control effort signal.
- Alternatively or additionally, the feedback loop may be adapted to add an offset value to the reference signal in order to accurately hold speed of the drive motor during a no-load situation.
- Alternatively or additionally, if the atherectomy burr becomes stuck, the control system may be further adapted to increase the torque provided by the drive motor until a torque threshold is reached and to drive the drive motor in reverse in order to unwind energy in the drive cable.
- The above summary of some embodiments is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure. The Figures, and Detailed Description, which follow, more particularly exemplify these embodiments.
- The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
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FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system; -
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system; -
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system; -
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an example atherectomy system; -
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an example PID controller usable in the example atherectomy systems ofFIGS. 1 through 6 ; -
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an example atherectomy system that may utilize the atherectomy control systems described with respect toFIGS. 1 through 6 ; and -
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an example atherectomy system that may utilize the atherectomy control systems described with respect toFIGS. 1 through 6 . - While the disclosure is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the disclosure to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
- For the following defined terms, these definitions shall be applied, unless a different definition is given in the claims or elsewhere in this specification.
- All numeric values are herein assumed to be modified by the term “about,” whether or not explicitly indicated. The term “about” generally refers to a range of numbers that one of skill in the art would consider equivalent to the recited value (i.e., having the same function or result). In many instances, the terms “about” may include numbers that are rounded to the nearest significant figure.
- The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers within that range (e.g. 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5).
- As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
- The following detailed description should be read with reference to the drawings in which similar elements in different drawings are numbered the same. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict illustrative embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
- Many patients suffer from occluded arteries, other blood vessels, and/or occluded ducts or other body lumens which may restrict bodily fluid (e.g. blood, bile, etc.) flow. Occlusions can be partial occlusions that reduce blood flow through the occluded portion of a blood vessel or total occlusions (e.g., chronic total occlusions) that substantially block blood flow through the occluded blood vessel. Revascularization techniques include using a variety of devices to pass through the occlusion to create or enlarge an opening through the occlusion. Atherectomy is one technique in which a catheter having a cutting element thereon is advanced through the occlusion to form or enlarge a pathway through the occlusion. Ideally, the cutting element excises the occlusion without damaging the surrounding vessel wall and/or a previously implanted stent where restenosis has occurred. However, in some instances the cutting element may be manipulated and/or advanced such that it contacts the vessel wall and/or the stent. Therefore, it may be desirable to utilize materials and/or design an atherectomy device that can excise an occlusion without damaging the surrounding vessel and/or a previously implanted stent where restenosis has occurred. Additionally, it may be desirable that a cutting element be useful in removing hard occlusive material, such as calcified material, as well as softer occlusive material. The methods and systems disclosed herein may be designed to overcome at least some of the limitations of previous atherectomy devices while effectively excising occlusive material. For example, some of the devices and methods disclosed herein may include cutting elements with unique cutting surface geometries and/or designs.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of anexample atherectomy system 10 that includes adrive mechanism 12 that is adapted to rotatably actuate anatherectomy burr 14. Theatherectomy system 10 includes acontroller 16 that is adapted to regulate operation of thedrive mechanism 12. In some cases, theatherectomy system 10 may include auser interface 18 that may be operably coupled to thecontroller 16 such that thecontroller 16 is able to display information regarding the performance of thedrive mechanism 12. This information may, for example, include one or more of a current speed of thedrive mechanism 12, a current torque being experienced by theatherectomy burr 14, and the like. In some cases, theatherectomy burr 14 may also be referred to as being or including a cutting head or a cutting member, and these terms may be used interchangeably. - In some cases, for example, the
controller 16 may be adapted to receive an indication of an increase in torque experienced at theatherectomy burr 14. In some cases, for example, an increase in torque may be realized by seeing a corresponding increase in the power consumption of thedrive mechanism 12. Thecontroller 16 may be further adapted to regulate operation of thedrive mechanism 12 such that the increase in torque results in a noticeable reduction in speed of the drive mechanism such that a user of theatherectomy system 10 notices the reduction in speed and is alerted to the increase in torque. In some cases, the reduction in speed may be greater than what would otherwise be expected from the increased torque load on thedrive mechanism 12. - In some cases, if for example the
atherectomy burr 14 becomes stuck, thecontroller 16 may be further adapted to increase the torque provided by thedrive mechanism 12 until a torque threshold is reached for a brief period of time. After the brief period of time, thedrive mechanism 12 may be directed to reverse at a slow speed in order to unwind energy that is stored in thedrive mechanism 12. In some cases, torque thresholds may be set based at least in part upon how fast the operator is running the device. In some instances, torque thresholds may be set based at least in part on how quickly the torque is increasing, and/or other operational parameters. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of anexample atherectomy system 20 in which thedrive mechanism 12 may include adrive motor 22 and adrive cable 24 that is operably coupled with thedrive motor 22 as well as theatherectomy burr 14. In some cases, features of theatherectomy system 20 may be combined with features of theatherectomy system 10. In some cases, theatherectomy system 20 may also include a handle (not shown). -
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of anexample atherectomy system 30 in which thecontroller 16 includes areference block 32, acontrol block 34 and adrive circuit 36. In some cases, features of theatherectomy system 30 may be combined with features of theatherectomy system 20 and/or theatherectomy system 10. In some cases, thereference block 32 may be adapted to receive a speed signal and to output a reference signal. In some cases, thereference block 32 may be adapted to output a reference signal that is either a nominal positive value, a small negative value or zero. In some cases, thereference block 32 may be adapted to default to the nominal positive value for the reference signal upon startup of theatherectomy system 10. In some cases, thereference block 32 may be adapted to add an offset value to the reference signal in order to accurately hold speed of thedrive mechanism 12 during a no-load situation. Alternatively, thecontrol block 34 may add the offset value to the reference signal. - The
control block 34 may be adapted to receive the reference signal from thereference block 32 and to generate a resulting control effort signal. In some cases, thecontrol block 34 includes a Proportional controller. In some instances, thecontrol block 34 includes a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. Thedrive circuit 36 may be adapted to receive the control effort signal from thecontrol block 34 and to regulate operation of thedrive mechanism 12 accordingly. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of anexample atherectomy system 40 that includes acontrol system 42 that is adapted to regulate operation of thedrive mechanism 12 in order to rotatably actuate theatherectomy burr 14. In some cases, features of theatherectomy system 40 may be combined with one or more of theatherectomy system 10, theatherectomy system 20 or theatherectomy system 30. Thecontrol system 42 may include thereference block 32 as well as a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID)controller 44 that is operably coupled to thereference block 32. In some cases, thereference block 32 may determine aspeed reference 46 that is selectable between a nominal value, a negative value and zero. In some instances, thePID controller 44 may be further adapted to add an offset value to thespeed reference 46 received from thereference block 32, although in some cases, thereference block 32 may add the offset value. ThePID controller 44 may be further adapted to provide a reduction in motor speed of thedrive mechanism 12 that is greater than what would otherwise normally occur in response to an increasing torque experienced at theatherectomy burr 14. - The
PID controller 44 may be adapted to utilize thespeed reference 46, a Proportional (P) gain value, an Integral (I) gain value and a Derivative (D) gain value in determining anoutput signal 48 for thedrive mechanism 12. In some cases, thedrive mechanism 12 may include a drive motor and drive cable extending between the drive motor and theatherectomy burr 14. In some cases, the I gain value and the D gain value may be set to zero or to essentially about zero, meaning that the I and D values have little or no impact on control. In some cases, the P gain value is set to a low value that is non-zero, and permits a motor speed that is within about 90 percent of a reference speed. - In some cases, having a small P gain value enables the speed to drop considerably in response to a relatively minor increase in torque because with a small gain, a larger error signal (difference between reference speed and actual speed) will be needed to increase the commanded torque a given amount. As a result, increases in torque are easily communicated to a user of the
atherectomy system 40. In some cases, this results in a small increase in torque causing a relatively large reduction in speed, which serves to alert the user to an increased torque situation. As a non-limiting example, perhaps a 5 or 10 percent increase in torque may result in a 20 to 30 percent, or a 20 to 40 percent, or a 20 to 50 percent decrease in speed. This also, in some cases, causes changes in torque command to be relatively slow, which in turn facilitates monitoring for a stuck atherectomyburr 14 condition. - In some cases, in response to an increasing torque as a result of the atherectomy
burr 14 being stuck, thePID controller 44 may be adapted to increase torque until a predetermined threshold is reached. Thereference block 32 may be adapted to subsequently set thespeed reference 46 to the negative value for a period of time in order allow energy stored in the drive mechanism to unwind. This may be a period of 1 to 10 seconds, or 1 to 20 seconds, or longer, for example. In some cases, this can facilitate extraction of the atherectomyburr 14. -
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of anexample atherectomy system 50 that includes acontrol system 52 that is adapted to regulate operation of thedrive motor 22 in order to rotatably actuate theatherectomy burr 14. In some cases, features of theatherectomy system 50 may be combined with one or more of theatherectomy system 10, theatherectomy system 20, theatherectomy system 30 or theatherectomy system 40. Thecontrol system 52 is operably coupled to thedrive motor 22 and includes afeedback loop 54 that is adapted to monitor performance of thedrive motor 22 and to output acontrol effort signal 56. Adrive circuit 58 is adapted to receive thecontrol effort signal 56 and to regulate operation of thedrive motor 22 in accordance with thecontrol effort signal 56. In some cases, thecontrol system 52 may be further adapted to provide a reduction in motor speed of thedrive motor 22 that is greater than what would otherwise normally occur in response to an increasing torque experienced at theatherectomy burr 14. - In some cases, the
feedback loop 54 may include a reference block for determining a speed reference and a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller that is operably coupled to the reference block for receiving the speed reference, the PID controller adapted to utilize the speed reference, a Proportional (P) gain value, an Integral (I) gain value and a Derivative (D) gain value in determining the control effort signal. In some cases, thefeedback loop 54 may be adapted to add an offset value to a reference signal provided to thereference loop 54 in order to accurately hold speed of thedrive motor 22 during a no-load situation. In some instances, for example if theatherectomy burr 14 becomes stuck, thecontrol system 52 may be further adapted to increase the torque provided by thedrive motor 22 until a torque threshold is reached for a brief period of time, and to subsequently direct thedrive motor 22 to reverse at a slow speed in order to unwind energy in the drive mechanism. -
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of anexample atherectomy system 300. In some cases, theatherectomy system 300 may be considered as being an example of theatherectomy system atherectomy system 300 may be combined with features of any of theatherectomy systems atherectomy system 300 includes amotor 302 that drives adrive cable 304 which itself engages aload 306. Theload 306 represents an atherectomy burr, for example. Themotor 302 is controlled by adrive circuitry 308 which may be considered as being an example of or otherwise incorporated into thedrive module 22 and/or the control system 106, for example. - The
drive circuitry 308 receives an input from afeedback portion 310. In some cases, thefeedback portion 310 begins with areference input 312 from areference schedule block 314, which provides thereference input 312 to aPID controller 316. In some cases, thereference schedule block 314 may be configured to accept additional inputs, such as from a user and/or from additional sensors not illustrated. As an example, if the device has been running for too long of a period of time, thereference schedule block 314 may reduce the speed reference in order to prevent overheating. A PID controller is a controller that includes a (P) proportional portion, an (I) integral portion and a (D) derivative portion. ThePID controller 316 outputs acontrol effort value 318 to thedrive circuitry 308. A motorstate estimation block 320 receives a current/voltage signal 322 and a motor position signal 323 from thedrive circuitry 308 and receivesstate feedback 324 from thePID controller 316. The motorstate estimation block 320 outputs aspeed value 326 back to thereference schedule block 314. While the feedback from the motorstate estimation block 320 to thereference schedule block 314 is shown as being a speed value, in some cases the feedback may additionally or alternatively include one or more of position, torque, voltage or current, and in some cases may include the derivative or integral of any of these values. In some cases, the motorstate estimation block 320 may instead receive asignal 323 that represents speed, instead of position (as illustrated). The motor position signal 323 may be an indication of relative rotational position of an output shaft of themotor 302, and thus an indication of relative rotational position of theload 306, which if tracked over time may provide an indication of speed. -
FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of thePID controller 316, which may be considered as being an example of thePID controller 44 shown inFIG. 4 . Areference signal 312, which is representative of an error between a desired value and an actual value, enters thePID controller 316. ThePID controller 316 calculates aP term 340, which is proportional to the error. ThePID controller 316 calculates anI term 342, which is an integral of the error and aD term 344, which is a derivative of the error. These terms are added together at asummation point 346, resulting in an output of thecontrol effort signal 318. -
FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary example of aninterventional catheter assembly 410 with which theatherectomy systems interventional catheter assembly 410 includes aconsole unit 412, acontroller 460, and acatheter system 432 having an operatinghead 440 located at or in proximity to the distal end of the catheter system. Thecontroller 460 may be used to manipulate (e.g. advance and/or rotate) thecatheter system 432 andoperating head 440, or alternative controls may be provided. It will be appreciated that at least some of the functionality of thecontroller 460 and/or theconsole unit 412 may instead be incorporated into theatherectomy systems - The
console unit 412 incorporates aninfusion pump 414 and anaspiration pump 416. During operation of the interventional catheter, aninfusate conduit 418 draws fluid from aninfusate reservoir 420 and operably contacts theinfusion pump 414 to provide fluid through an infusion lumen incatheter system 432 to one or more infusion ports provided in proximity to the operating head. Similarly but in reverse, fluids with entrained particulates are withdrawn from the site of intervention through an aspiration lumen in thecatheter system 432 and conveyed to anaspiration conduit 422, which is in operable contact with theaspiration pump 416, and communicates with theaspirate collection vessel 424. Theconsole unit 412 may also provide a power source for operating the operating head and system components, or it may be in communication with an external power source. In some cases, theconsole unit 412 may provide power to the interventional catheter assembly and thecontroller 460 via adevice power port 425 andpower cord 426. - Various microprocessor, electronic components, software and firmware components may be provided within or in communication with the console unit for controlling operation of the interventional catheter as described herein. Software may be provided in a machine-readable medium storing executable code and/or other data to provide one or a combination of mechanisms to process user-specific data. Alternatively, various systems and components may be controlled using hardware or firmware implementations. Data storage and processing systems may also be provided in
console unit 412. Theconsole unit 412 is generally provided as a reusable assembly and is generally operated outside the sterile field. It may be mountable on a portable stand to facilitate convenient placement during interventions. - One function of the
console unit 412 is to provide feedback of system and/or environmental conditions or operating parameters. The console unit may output operational information concerning operating conditions and feedback from the material removal site to the operator. In some cases, theconsole unit 412 may provide continuously updated output to an operator of operating parameters such as operating head rotation rate, which may include the actual run speed as well as the desired speed; operating head advance rate; aspiration rate and/or volume; infusion rate and/or volume; length of the body or matter to be removed that is traversed; and the like. - Certain automated and selectable control features may be implemented in the
console unit 412. Preset routines or programs involving various operating parameters may be preselected, stored and selectable by an operator, for example. Thus, in some cases, the disclosed material removal system implements control features based on an operator's input of specified parameters. Specified parameters may include, for example: lesion length, lesion type and character, such as calcified, fibrotic, lipid/fatty and the like; historical factors, such as restenosis; rate of blood flow; volume of blood flow; percentage of restriction; lumen type and/or location; lumen diameter; desired rotation rate and/or rotation profile for the cutter assembly; desired advance rate and/or advance profile for the cutter assembly; desired aspiration rate and/or profile; desired infusion rate and/or profile; and the like. Based on the specified parameters input by the operator, the control unit may calculate and implement automated operating conditions, such as: cutter assembly rotation rate and profile; cutter assembly advance rate and profile; aspiration rate and profile; infusion rate and profile; cutter assembly size; and the like. Various system operating parameters, operating conditions, patient conditions, and the like may also be recorded and stored during interventions to preserve a record of the patient and intervention operational parameters. - In some cases, aspiration may be included in the interventional catheter systems disclosed herein. In certain cases, fluid and associated particulates are aspirated from the intervention site at rates of at least 5 ml/min and, in many cases, fluid and associated particulates may be aspirated at rates of at least 15 ml/min, or at least 25 ml/min. In exemplary interventional catheter systems, the aspiration site may be more than a meter away from the
controller 460 through an aspirate removal passageway located within thecatheter system 432 and having a diameter of less than 0.10 inch, for example between about 0.050 to 0.070 inch. The distance that the aspirate travels betweencontroller 460 andconsole unit 412 may be from about ½ meter to several meters, through an aspirate conduit that is between about 0.015 to about 1.0 inch in diameter. The blood and debris being aspirated are relatively viscous fluids, and achieving a relatively constant and high level of aspiration under these conditions is essential. - In one case,
aspiration pump 416 may be a multi-lobed roller pump. The rotation rates of multiple rollers, or of a multi-lobed rotating structure, may be variable or selectable to control the aspiration rate and volume. Roller pumps permit fluid to flow in a conduit through the rollers of the pump at atmospheric pressure, and thus reduce or prevent the formation of bubbles and foam in the liquid being evacuated. Because the aspirate is at atmospheric pressure when it exits the roller pump, a simplified, atmospheric pressure collection vessel may be used rather than an evacuated collection vessel. A simple bag or another collection vessel, such as those used for collection of blood, may be used. For example, acollection bag 424 and a sealed aspiration conduit may be provided as part of a sterile disposable interventional catheter kit. A distal end of the aspiration conduit may be pre-mounted on and sealed to thecontroller 460. A proximal portion of the aspiration conduit is mounted on the aspiration pump prior to operation of the interventional catheter and the aspirate collection bag is mounted to or in proximity to the control module. - The
infusion pump 414 may also be a multi-lobed roller pump employing variable or selectable rotation rates to control the infusion rate and volume. A simple bag or another infusate reservoir, such as those used for intravenous infusions, may be used to supply the infusate. For example, aninfusate reservoir 420 having a sealed conduit that is mounted in theinfusion pump 416 during operation of the interventional catheter may be provided. In some cases, the sealed infusate conduit may be provided as part of the sterile disposable interventional catheter system and a distal end of the infusate conduit may be pre-mounted on and sealed to thecontroller 460. A proximal portion of the infusate conduit may be connected to an infusate reservoir, such as a saline bag, and mounted in proximity to the infusion pump prior to operation. A control feature that automatically disables the infusion pump and/or power to the operating head may be activated upon detection of a fault (e.g. a bubble) in the infusate conduit. - The
console unit 412 may also have control switches for activating and shutting down the aspiration pump and system, and for activating and shutting down the infusion pump and system. These control features may be provided as simple on/off switches. Alternatively, systems providing different levels or rates of aspiration and/or infusion that are selectable by an operator may be provided. In addition, theconsole unit 412 may be provided with a timing mechanism that determines, and displays, the elapsed time of operation of the operating pressure and/or the aspiration and infusion systems. The volumes of aspirate withdrawn and the volume of infusate introduced may also be detected and displayed by theconsole unit 412. Detection systems for monitoring the levels of aspirate and infusate in the respective reservoirs may be incorporated and alarms indicating an overfill condition for the aspirate collection system or a low supply condition for the infusate reservoir may be provided. Back-up aspirate collection and infusate supply systems may also be provided. - In some cases, the
console unit 412, together with theaspiration pump 416, theinfusion pump 414 and the associated control and display features, may be provided as a separate, re-usable unit, that may be used as standard equipment in operating rooms, for example. In the system illustrated, theconsole unit 412 is not contaminated by contact with blood or aspirate during operation, and the power and control systems are durable and long-lasting and may be reused for many interventions. Theconsole unit 412 may be provided in a housing designed to sit on a platform during operation, or the housing may be designed for mounting on a portable structure, such as an i.v. pole or another structure, or may be a self-contained free-standing portable structure. The interventional catheter system, including thecatheter system 432 with the operatinghead 440, thecontroller 460, theaspirate conduit 422, theaspirate collection vessel 424, and theinfusate conduit 418 may be provided as a sterile, single use system kit. - The
controller 460, which may be constructed from a durable, sterilizable material, such as hard plastic, may be provided in any convenient ergonomic design and constructed for placement in proximity to and/or in contact with the external body. In one instance, the controller may include an integrated handle for operator convenience in holding and supporting the controller during operation. Thecatheter system 432, exiting thecontroller 460, may be axially translatable with respect to thecontroller 460 as the operating head and catheter system are guided to a target material removal site. It will be appreciated that some of the control and operational features described herein with reference to thecontroller 460 may be provided in theconsole unit 412 and, likewise, some of the control and operational features described with reference to theconsole unit 412 may be provided in thecontroller 460. -
FIG. 9 shows an examplerotational atherectomy system 510 with which theatherectomy systems rotational atherectomy system 510 may include arotational atherectomy device 512 and acontroller 514 for controlling therotational atherectomy device 512. Therotational atherectomy device 512 may include ahousing 516 and anelongate shaft 518 extending distally from thehousing 516 to a cuttingmember 520 located at a distal end of theelongate shaft 518. Theelongate shaft 518 may include adrive shaft 524 to provide rotational motion to the cuttingmember 520. In some instances, theelongate shaft 518 may include an outertubular member 522 having a lumen extending therethrough and thedrive shaft 524 may extend through the lumen of the outertubular member 522. Thedrive shaft 524, which may be fixed to the cuttingmember 520, may be rotatable relative to the outertubular member 522 to rotate the cuttingmember 520. In some instances the axial position of the cuttingmember 520 relative to the outertubular member 522 may be adjusted by moving thedrive shaft 524 longitudinally relative to the outertubular member 522. For example, theatherectomy device 512 may include anadvancer assembly 526 positioned in thehousing 516, or otherwise provided with thehousing 516, that is longitudinally movable relative to thehousing 516. The outertubular member 522 may be coupled to thehousing 516 while thedrive shaft 524 may be coupled to theadvancer assembly 526. Accordingly, the drive shaft 524 (and thus the cutting member 520) may be longitudinally movable relative to the outertubular member 522 by actuating theadvancer assembly 526 relative to thehousing 516. - The
rotational atherectomy device 512 may include a prime mover (not shown) to provide rotational motion to thedrive shaft 524 to rotate the cuttingmember 520. For example, in some instances the prime mover may be a fluid turbine within thehousing 516, such as provided with theadvancer assembly 526. In other instances, however, the prime mover may be an electrical motor, or the like. Thecontroller 514 may be used to control the prime mover. For example, the user may provide power to the prime mover and/or control the speed of rotation of thedrive shaft 524 via thecontroller 514. For example, thefront panel 528 of thecontroller 514 may include a user interface including a power switch, speed control mechanism (e.g., a speed control knob and/or buttons), a display, and/or other features for controlling therotational atherectomy device 512. In some instances, therotational atherectomy system 510 may include aremote control device 530, such as a foot pedal, a hand control, or other mechanism which may be used to control the power and/or speed to the prime mover, for example. - In instances in which the prime mover is an electric motor, the electric motor may be coupled to the
controller 514 via an electrical connection to control the electric motor and/or provide electricity to the electric motor. - In some instances, the
rotational atherectomy device 512 may include a speed sensor, such as an optical speed sensor, coupled to thecontroller 514 via aconnector 538, such as a fiber optic connector to provide speed data to thecontroller 514. In other instances, an electronic sensor, such as a Hall Effect sensor, or other type of sensor may be used to sense the speed of thedrive shaft 524 and cuttingmember 520. The speed data may be displayed, such as on thefront panel 528 and/or thecontroller 514, and/or used to control the speed of the cuttingmember 520, such as maintaining a desired speed of the cuttingmember 520 during a medical procedure. - In some instances, the
rotational atherectomy system 510 may be configured to infuse fluid through theelongate shaft 518 to the treatment site and/or aspirate fluid through theelongate shaft 518 from the treatment site. For example, therotational atherectomy system 510 may include afluid supply 540 for providing a flow of fluid through a lumen of theelongate shaft 518 to a treatment site. In some instances thefluid supply 540 may include asaline bag 542 which may be pressurized by a pressure cuff 544 to provide a pressurized fluid (e.g., saline) to therotational atherectomy device 512 through afluid supply line 546. In other instances, an infusion pump, such as a peristaltic pump, may be used to deliver pressurized fluid to therotational atherectomy device 512. Additionally or alternatively, in some cases therotational atherectomy system 510 may be configured to aspirate fluid from the treatment site. For example, therotational atherectomy system 510 may include an aspiration pump, such as a peristaltic pump, to generate a vacuum to aspirate fluid through a lumen of theelongate shaft 518 to a fluid collection container (not shown), if desired. - In some instances, the
elongate shaft 518 of therotational atherectomy device 512 may be advanced over aguidewire 548 to a treatment site. For example, thedrive shaft 524 may include a guidewire lumen through which theguidewire 548 may pass. Additionally or alternatively, theelongate shaft 518 may be advanced through a lumen of a guide catheter to a treatment site. - It should be understood that this disclosure is, in many respects, only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of steps without exceeding the scope of the disclosure. This may include, to the extent that it is appropriate, the use of any of the features of one example embodiment being used in other embodiments. The scope of the disclosure is, of course, defined in the language in which the appended claims are expressed.
Claims (18)
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US11357534B2 (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2022-06-14 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Catheter |
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US11291468B2 (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2022-04-05 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Atherectomy system adapted to free a stuck atherectomy burr |
USD988511S1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2023-06-06 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc | Catheter handle |
CN115135259A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2022-09-30 | 波士顿科学国际有限公司 | High power atherectomy system with multiple safety limits |
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WO2019168784A1 (en) | 2019-09-06 |
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US20190262032A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
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