US20220127733A1 - Non-consumable anode for electrolysis - Google Patents
Non-consumable anode for electrolysis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20220127733A1 US20220127733A1 US17/423,097 US201917423097A US2022127733A1 US 20220127733 A1 US20220127733 A1 US 20220127733A1 US 201917423097 A US201917423097 A US 201917423097A US 2022127733 A1 US2022127733 A1 US 2022127733A1
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- United States
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- anode
- pyrocarbon
- anodes
- electrolysis
- pyrographite
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 silicon ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 101150101654 PSR1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001038 basic metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TYMZETDZXRVCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite uranium Chemical compound [U].O(Cl)Cl TYMZETDZXRVCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021092 sugar substitutes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C5/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metal powders or porous metal masses
- C25C5/02—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metal powders or porous metal masses from solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
- C25B11/043—Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to electrochemistry, particularly to electrolytic-cell anodes containing carbon and stable in working electrolytes.
- Non-consumable anodes are widely used in electrochemical processes, particularly in electrosynthesis, extraction processes and in the manufacturing of powder products.
- Sulphate solutions are mostly used in hydroelectrometallurgy due to the satisfactory stability level of platinized titanium and silver, or antimony alloyed lead anodes. Less applicable are chloride solutions despite their higher conductivity that can intensify the process. The reason is the low stability of graphite anodes and contamination of the electrolytes with their erosion products.
- the use of nitrate solutions is limited due to the lack of anodes that are stable in this medium, and is restricted only to the refining process [1].
- Glassy carbon electrodes are used in chloride and cryolite-alumina melts, as well as in a mixed melt of lithium and potassium chlorides with uranium oxychloride additives [4]. Their use is limited due to their low conductivity compared to regular graphite. In some chloride-based processes graphite is replaced by the so called ORTA anodes (oxide-ruthenium-titanium anodes) [5].
- ORTA anodes oxide-ruthenium-titanium anodes
- the metal oxide anodes were invented with a pyrocarbon conductive base (!) [6].
- pyrocarbon was used only as a conductive material, and the active layer of basic metal oxides acted as an anode.
- Metal oxide anodes are known to be very demanding in terms of their working environment—they cannot resist the change of polarity, short circuits and even temporary process shutdowns [2].
- the patent [7] describes the abrupt increase of stability of the prebaked carbon anode intended for the fluoride electrolytic bath. The author relates the stability growth to the generation of the pyrocarbon phase between coke grains during baking at temperatures above 1300° C., and a baking time of over 140 hours. This material containing pyrocarbon was given the name anhalite.
- the patent [8] is providing the anode for galvanic processes, made of pyrocarbon-impregnated carbon fabrics.
- the low conductivity of the carbon fabric-based anode affected the regularity and thickness of the electroplated coating, and so the authors proposed the anode design with variable thickness of fabric carcass in order to balance the anode-solution current density over the length of the anode.
- the patent [9] makes reference to the use of pyrographite, along with graphite and platinum, as an anode in the laboratory processes of the synthesis of hydrocarbons.
- the target goal i.e. the enhancement of the synthesis output and selectivity, was achieved by choosing the original reagents and using the anodes made of precious metals.
- Pyrographite was able to provide the hydrocarbons conversion only at the level of 12%, whereas Pt—10%-Ir ⁇ 42% in the form of alloy, and over 47% in the form of nanoparticles on glassy carbon.
- the use of pyrographite was accompanied by the formation of a polymer film on the electrode, which blocked the reaction.
- the pyrocarbon (pyrographite) nonconsumable anode achieved the target goal.
- pyrocarbon pyrographite
- NIIGraphite Different samples of pyrocarbon (pyrographite) received in NIIGraphite were used for the production of the test anodes.
- the pyrocarbon anodes were tested in nitrate electrolyte in combination with the consumable anode made of silver purity level 99.99% in conditions of electrolytic process for the production of silver powder grade PSr1, intended for the production of electric contacts. Both anodes were connected to the positive pole of an electrolyser power source.
- the current supplied to the nonconsumable anode was 10 ⁇ 15 times lower than that supplied to the consumable anode.
- the current density on the nonconsumable anode was maintained on the level of 10 A/dm 2 within a period of several days.
- the electrolyte remained clear and clean.
- the production testing of the contacts made from the test powder PSr1 received with the use of the pyrocarbon (pyrographite) non-consumable anode, confirmed the high quality
- the anode erosion (0.12 ⁇ 0.15% from deposited silver) is mainly of an electromechanical nature due to the fact that ‘interflake’ material bonds burn up under the effect of current and anions (OH ⁇ and NO 3 ⁇ )*, resulting in flakes' falling and being trapped by the anode filtration diaphragm without contaminating the solution. *-author version.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a non-consumable anode for electrolysis that contains carbon. Said anode is made of pyrocarbon (pyrographite). The pyrocarbon (pyrographite) anode is stable even in nitrate electrolytes and does not contaminate the electrolyte with erosion products.
Description
- This invention relates to electrochemistry, particularly to electrolytic-cell anodes containing carbon and stable in working electrolytes.
- Non-consumable anodes are widely used in electrochemical processes, particularly in electrosynthesis, extraction processes and in the manufacturing of powder products. Sulphate solutions are mostly used in hydroelectrometallurgy due to the satisfactory stability level of platinized titanium and silver, or antimony alloyed lead anodes. Less applicable are chloride solutions despite their higher conductivity that can intensify the process. The reason is the low stability of graphite anodes and contamination of the electrolytes with their erosion products. The use of nitrate solutions is limited due to the lack of anodes that are stable in this medium, and is restricted only to the refining process [1].
- In order to increase the graphite anodes' stability, they are impregnated with various materials. In this case we observe the solution contamination with impregnation products which precipitate on the filtration diaphragm and block its pores, thus reducing its service life [2]. There was a successful effort to use pyrocarbon as an alloying additive to the graphite anode for a better service life. The introduction of 5-10% pyrocarbon into the graphite composition made the anode consumption in chloride solutions almost two times lower [3]. But it was not implemented into practice: the gain was not worth the extra costs, and this useful idea was not promoted any further. There was also no significant change in the properties, and the solution's nitrate zone was still resistant to this material. Glassy carbon electrodes are used in chloride and cryolite-alumina melts, as well as in a mixed melt of lithium and potassium chlorides with uranium oxychloride additives [4]. Their use is limited due to their low conductivity compared to regular graphite. In some chloride-based processes graphite is replaced by the so called ORTA anodes (oxide-ruthenium-titanium anodes) [5].
- The metal oxide anodes were invented with a pyrocarbon conductive base (!) [6]. However, pyrocarbon was used only as a conductive material, and the active layer of basic metal oxides acted as an anode. Metal oxide anodes are known to be very demanding in terms of their working environment—they cannot resist the change of polarity, short circuits and even temporary process shutdowns [2]. The patent [7] describes the abrupt increase of stability of the prebaked carbon anode intended for the fluoride electrolytic bath. The author relates the stability growth to the generation of the pyrocarbon phase between coke grains during baking at temperatures above 1300° C., and a baking time of over 140 hours. This material containing pyrocarbon was given the name anhalite. The patent [8] is providing the anode for galvanic processes, made of pyrocarbon-impregnated carbon fabrics. However, the low conductivity of the carbon fabric-based anode affected the regularity and thickness of the electroplated coating, and so the authors proposed the anode design with variable thickness of fabric carcass in order to balance the anode-solution current density over the length of the anode.
- The patent [9] makes reference to the use of pyrographite, along with graphite and platinum, as an anode in the laboratory processes of the synthesis of hydrocarbons. However, the target goal, i.e. the enhancement of the synthesis output and selectivity, was achieved by choosing the original reagents and using the anodes made of precious metals. Pyrographite was able to provide the hydrocarbons conversion only at the level of 12%, whereas Pt—10%-Ir−42% in the form of alloy, and over 47% in the form of nanoparticles on glassy carbon. Besides, the use of pyrographite was accompanied by the formation of a polymer film on the electrode, which blocked the reaction. No data is provided regarding the comparative stability of anodes, as such goal was not set in the conditions of the laboratory experiment. The patent [10] also makes reference to the use of pyrocarbon as an anode along with other carbon-containing materials, platinum, and other metals. The target goal, i.e. to develop a cost-effective method of erythrol (sugar substitute) extraction, is unlikely to be achieved by using expensive pyrocarbon or platinum, especially as graphite foil is specified as the preferred material for the anode. The stability of anodes made of the above materials was also not taken into consideration due to the small-scale level of investigations.
- Based on the available materials from prior art, the conclusion can be made that there is no technically or economically feasible proposal for the use of pyrocarbon (pyrographite) anode in the electrochemical processes. Therefore the share of graphite as anode material in big electrochemistry is still rather significant, as are the efforts to improve its consumer properties. For example, it was proposed to alloy the graphite with silicon using the powder mixing technology—pressing—sintering [11] (prototype). That anode was used for the electroactivation of drinking water, and was able to improve the quality of drinking water of various compositions by electrolytic treatment, and its enrichment with silicon ions. Actually, the prototype material is an example of the silicified graphite produced by our industry. However, pyrographite after several test trials just to improve the anode stability of traditional electrode materials has never been proposed to be used for its major role, i.e. as the anode in electrochemical production.
- It is a technical goal of the present invention to improve the performance of the carbon-containing anode for electrolysis, due to the lower level of anode corrosion and electrolyte contamination.
- During the development of the corrosion stable anode, a number of carbon-containing materials were tested as anodes, including fiber, gasproof materials, i.e. graphite grade FDG (fine-grained dense graphite), glassy carbon and pyrocarbon (pyrographite [12]), as well as industrial samples of silicified graphite. The most corrosive environment for anodes was used, i.e. a nitrate electrolyte composed of a water solution of silver nitrate (10%) and nitric acid (1%). The common disadvantage of all tested materials, except the pyrocarbon (pyrographite), was that during the electrolysis process the anodes made of those materials were subject to molecular disintegration. The desintegration products could not be trapped by a filtering diaphragm and contaminated the electrolyte, thereby affecting the purity and quality of the electrolysis product.
- The pyrocarbon (pyrographite) nonconsumable anode achieved the target goal.
- Different samples of pyrocarbon (pyrographite) received in NIIGraphite were used for the production of the test anodes. The pyrocarbon anodes were tested in nitrate electrolyte in combination with the consumable anode made of silver purity level 99.99% in conditions of electrolytic process for the production of silver powder grade PSr1, intended for the production of electric contacts. Both anodes were connected to the positive pole of an electrolyser power source. The current supplied to the nonconsumable anode was 10÷15 times lower than that supplied to the consumable anode. The current density on the nonconsumable anode was maintained on the level of 10 A/dm2 within a period of several days. The electrolyte remained clear and clean. The production testing of the contacts made from the test powder PSr1 received with the use of the pyrocarbon (pyrographite) non-consumable anode, confirmed the high quality of the powder.
- None of pyrocarbon samples contaminated the solution. However, it was noted that the pyrocarbon samples with a higher density demonstrated better stability compared to the samples with a lower density. The pyrocarbon grade UPA-3 (pyrolytic reinforced carbon) produced by the Novocherkassk electrode factory was chosen for the manufacturing of the industrial non-consumable anodes [13]. These anodes were put into operation in 2003 and are still successfully used in the electrolysis area of the silver powder production shop at one of the leading RF companies producing electric contacts. The anode erosion (0.12÷0.15% from deposited silver) is mainly of an electromechanical nature due to the fact that ‘interflake’ material bonds burn up under the effect of current and anions (OH− and NO3 −)*, resulting in flakes' falling and being trapped by the anode filtration diaphragm without contaminating the solution. *-author version.
- Many years of positive experience of the pyrocarbon (pyrographite) nonconsumable anodes' industrial use in the most corrosive nitrate electrolyte proving their extraordinary stability allow us to recommend such anodes for the use in those electrochemical production facilities where it is economically feasible. The raw material is not cheap but can compete with platinum metals in terms of price and quality, and with multilayer metal-oxide compounds in terms of usage conditions. Moreover, the use of such anodes will expand the possibilities for electrolysis development in nitrate media. And the pyrocarbon production growth will result in its lower cost, thus promoting its use in big electrochemistry.
- 1. Applied electrochemistry. College textbook. Edited by A. P. Tomilova, Moscow, ««Chemistry»», 1984.
- 2. L. M. Yakimenko. Electrode materials in applied electrochemistry. Moscow, ««Chemistry»», 1977.
- 3. Material for the production of anode intended for the use in chlorine electrolysis. E. M. Ostroumov, L. K. Kosterina, and others. AS USSR 511387, published on 26 Jun. 1977.
- 4. Glassy carbon. Production. Properties, application. V. D. Chekanova and A. S. Fialkov. Success of chemistry, AS USSR, issue 5, 1971. Tome XL, pg. 803.
- 5. ORTA anodes. www.rutteh.ru., 2018.
- 6. Low-consumable anode. H. I. Kavardakov, U. D. Khramtsov and V. I. Kichigin, SU 1668480, published on 7 Aug. 1991.
- 7. Fluoride medium-temperature electrolyser anode. U. N. Zusailov, RU 2118995, published on 20 Sep. 1998.
- 8. Anode for galvanic processes. A. V. Yuzhanina, L. A. Dronseiko and others, SU 1121327, published on 30 Oct. 1984.
- 9. Electrocatalytic method of synthesis of hydrocarbons and alcohols based on vegetable raw materials. V. N. Andreev, U. A. Antonova and others, RU 2471890, published on 1 Oct. 2013.
- 10. Methods for the electrolytic production of erythritol. Jonathan A., J. David, Daniel M., Peter M. U.S. Pat. No. 9,133,554, Publication Date 15 Sep. 2015.
- 11. Material for electrolyser electrode production. Kurtov V. D., Kosinov B. V., and others, RU 2282679, published on 27 Aug. 2006.
- 12. Pyrographite. Production, structure, properties. A. S. Fialkov, A. I. Bayer, and others. Success of chemistry, AS USSR, issue 1, 1965, Tome XXXIV, pg. 132.
- 13. https://doncarb.com/articles/katod-grafitovyy/, 26 Mar. 2017.
Claims (2)
1. A carbon-containing nonconsumable anode for electrolysis, which is different in that it is made of pyrocarbon (pyrographite).
2. A non-consumable anode for electrolysis as per item 1, which is different in that the pyrocarbon is of UPA-3 grade.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2019103335A RU2700921C1 (en) | 2019-02-06 | 2019-02-06 | Non-consumable anode for electrolysis |
RU2019103335 | 2019-02-06 | ||
PCT/RU2019/000937 WO2020162786A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 | 2019-12-12 | Non-consumable anode for electrolysis |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20220127733A1 true US20220127733A1 (en) | 2022-04-28 |
Family
ID=68063426
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US17/423,097 Pending US20220127733A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 | 2019-12-12 | Non-consumable anode for electrolysis |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220127733A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN113366154A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2700921C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020162786A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
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SU1668480A1 (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1991-08-07 | Пермский государственный университет им.А.М.Горького | Dimensionally stable anode |
US20060021880A1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2006-02-02 | Sandoval Scot P | Method and apparatus for electrowinning copper using the ferrous/ferric anode reaction and a flow-through anode |
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GB991581A (en) * | 1962-03-21 | 1965-05-12 | High Temperature Materials Inc | Expanded pyrolytic graphite and process for producing the same |
SU511387A1 (en) | 1974-03-20 | 1976-04-25 | Предприятие П/Я М-5409 | The material for the manufacture of the anode used in chlorine elastrolysis |
JPS6024390B2 (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1985-06-12 | シャープ株式会社 | Door opening/closing device for refrigerators, etc. |
SU1121327A1 (en) | 1982-11-24 | 1984-10-30 | Предприятие П/Я М-5409 | Anode for electroplating processes |
DE69230601T2 (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 2000-06-08 | Sharp K.K., Osaka | Secondary battery |
JP3282189B2 (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 2002-05-13 | ソニー株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
RU2118995C1 (en) | 1996-07-01 | 1998-09-20 | Ангарский электролизный химический комбинат | Anode for fluorine medium-temperature electrolyzer |
US20030003348A1 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2003-01-02 | Hanket Gregory M. | Fuel cell |
RU2282679C1 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-08-27 | Вениамин Дмитриевич Куртов | Material for manufacturing of electrolytic bath electrodes |
US9133554B2 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2015-09-15 | Dynamic Food Ingredients Corporation | Methods for the electrolytic production of erythritol |
US20070295609A1 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-27 | Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute | Method for preparing tantalum or niobium powders used for manufacturing capacitors |
CN100590229C (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2010-02-17 | 中南大学 | Method for manufacturing fluorine carbon anode chemical vapor deposition pyrolytic carbon polarization resistant coating |
RU2471890C1 (en) | 2011-10-19 | 2013-01-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина Российской академии наук (ИФХЭ РАН) | Electrocatalytic method for synthesis of hydrocarbons and alcohols based on plant material |
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2019
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- 2019-12-12 CN CN201980090601.7A patent/CN113366154A/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (2)
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SU1668480A1 (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1991-08-07 | Пермский государственный университет им.А.М.Горького | Dimensionally stable anode |
US20060021880A1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2006-02-02 | Sandoval Scot P | Method and apparatus for electrowinning copper using the ferrous/ferric anode reaction and a flow-through anode |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Butyrin, G.M., Protsenko, A.K. & Mostovoi, G.E. Study of the Pore Structure, Permeability, and Strength of Materials of Grades UPA-3 and UPA-4. Refract Ind Ceram 54, 224–231 (2013). (Year: 2013) * |
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RU2700921C1 (en) | 2019-09-24 |
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