US20220110842A1 - DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams - Google Patents
DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20220110842A1 US20220110842A1 US17/235,152 US202117235152A US2022110842A1 US 20220110842 A1 US20220110842 A1 US 20220110842A1 US 202117235152 A US202117235152 A US 202117235152A US 2022110842 A1 US2022110842 A1 US 2022110842A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- foam formulation
- formulation according
- emulsion
- foam
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N squalane Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 enzyme preparations Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ATGQXSBKTQANOH-UWVGARPKSA-N N-oleoylphytosphingosine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC ATGQXSBKTQANOH-UWVGARPKSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001135917 Vitellaria paradoxa Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000018936 Vitellaria paradoxa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940106189 ceramide Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940044176 ceramide 3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001783 ceramides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940057910 shea butter Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940043375 1,5-pentanediol Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CO WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000001432 Calendula officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N D-panthenol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCCO SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004164 Wax ester Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940101267 panthenol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020957 pantothenol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011619 pantothenol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WTVHAMTYZJGJLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-(4S,8R)-8-epi-beta-bisabolol Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 WTVHAMTYZJGJLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RGZSQWQPBWRIAQ-CABCVRRESA-N (-)-alpha-Bisabolol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC[C@](C)(O)[C@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 RGZSQWQPBWRIAQ-CABCVRRESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AJBZENLMTKDAEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-4,9-diol Chemical compound CC12CCC(O)C(C)(C)C1CCC(C1(C)CC3O)(C)C2CCC1C1C3(C)CCC1C(=C)C AJBZENLMTKDAEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001116389 Aloe Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003880 Calendula Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005881 Calendula officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940123907 Disease modifying antirheumatic drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000016942 Elastin Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010014258 Elastin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000195955 Equisetum hyemale Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000208680 Hamamelis mollis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008669 Hedera helix Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000025221 Humulus lupulus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000208060 Lawsonia inermis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000001818 Pseudofolliculitis barbae Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000016976 Quercus macrolepis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000178231 Rosmarinus officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000605385 Ruscus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000002299 Symphytum officinale Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005865 Symphytum officinale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000002657 Thymus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007303 Thymus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009108 Urtica dioica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RGZSQWQPBWRIAQ-LSDHHAIUSA-N alpha-Bisabolol Natural products CC(C)=CCC[C@@](C)(O)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 RGZSQWQPBWRIAQ-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003266 anti-allergic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001741 anti-phlogistic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002682 anti-psoriatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003356 anti-rheumatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000043 antiallergic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940030999 antipsoriatics Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003435 antirheumatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940036350 bisabolol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- HHGZABIIYIWLGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisabolol Natural products CC1CCC(C(C)(O)CCC=C(C)C)CC1 HHGZABIIYIWLGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FEOYLBRDNMCIHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound OC(O)=O.O=C1CCCN1 FEOYLBRDNMCIHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000824 cytostatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001085 cytostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002549 elastin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005015 local anesthetics Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002020 sage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001585 thymus vulgaris Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940118846 witch hazel Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YDNKGFDKKRUKPY-JHOUSYSJSA-N C16 ceramide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)C=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC YDNKGFDKKRUKPY-JHOUSYSJSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241001456088 Hesperocnide Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- CRJGESKKUOMBCT-VQTJNVASSA-N N-acetylsphinganine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)NC(C)=O CRJGESKKUOMBCT-VQTJNVASSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000219492 Quercus Species 0.000 claims 1
- ZVEQCJWYRWKARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceramide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(=O)NC(CO)C(O)C=CCCC=C(C)CCCCCCCCC ZVEQCJWYRWKARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- VVGIYYKRAMHVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N newbouldiamide Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC VVGIYYKRAMHVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 66
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 58
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 42
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 15
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- JXTPJDDICSTXJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Triacontane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC JXTPJDDICSTXJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229940032094 squalane Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229960003511 macrogol Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008591 skin barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003408 sphingolipids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- YYGNTYWPHWGJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C YYGNTYWPHWGJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000027321 Lychnis chalcedonica Species 0.000 description 4
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 4
- BHEOSNUKNHRBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetramethylsqualene Natural products CC(=C)C(C)CCC(=C)C(C)CCC(C)=CCCC=C(C)CCC(C)C(=C)CCC(C)C(C)=C BHEOSNUKNHRBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229960003943 hypromellose Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940031439 squalene Drugs 0.000 description 4
- TUHBEKDERLKLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N squalene Natural products CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC=C(/C)CCC=C(/C)CC=C(C)C)C)C)C TUHBEKDERLKLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- SASYSVUEVMOWPL-NXVVXOECSA-N decyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC SASYSVUEVMOWPL-NXVVXOECSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940127554 medical product Drugs 0.000 description 3
- AEIJTFQOBWATKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CO AEIJTFQOBWATKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037307 sensitive skin Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ASKIVFGGGGIGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO ASKIVFGGGGIGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025272 Persea americana Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011236 Persea americana var americana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000004904 UV filter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940027983 antiseptic and disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008271 cosmetic emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037336 dry skin Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000434 stratum corneum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQXJCCZJOIKIAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methoxyethoxy)hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOC IQXJCCZJOIKIAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIZPVNNYFKFJAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-prop-1-ynylbenzene Chemical compound CC#CC1=CC=CC=C1Cl QIZPVNNYFKFJAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUWVMBCPMRAWPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 2-hydroxyoctadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(=O)OCC(O)CO FUWVMBCPMRAWPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSCJHTSDLYVCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 4-[[4-[4-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)anilino]-6-[4-(2-ethylhexoxycarbonyl)anilino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]benzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)=CC=C1NC1=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)=N1 OSCJHTSDLYVCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGNTUZCMJBTHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)COCC(O)CO AGNTUZCMJBTHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002874 Acne Vulgaris Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000002470 Amphicarpaea bracteata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000086254 Arnica montana Species 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000206575 Chondrus crispus Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000004624 Dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000173371 Garcinia indica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 1
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001363 Polidocanol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010009736 Protein Hydrolysates Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000305267 Quercus macrolepis Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N Sorbitan monopalmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000274883 Urtica dioica Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IJCWFDPJFXGQBN-RYNSOKOISA-N [(2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-octadecanoyloxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-octadecanoyloxyethyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IJCWFDPJFXGQBN-RYNSOKOISA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOLJTMYCYXSPFQ-CJKAUBRRSA-N [(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(2s,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(octadecanoyloxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl octadecanoate Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 FOLJTMYCYXSPFQ-CJKAUBRRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000172 allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940087168 alpha tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012874 anionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001857 anti-mycotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002141 anti-parasite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002543 antimycotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003096 antiparasitic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125687 antiparasitic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940064004 antiseptic throat preparations Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950009789 cetomacrogol 1000 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetylpyridinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001927 cetylpyridinium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940071160 cocoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000736 corneocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monododecyl ether Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCO SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002194 fatty esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000544 hyperemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940099367 lanolin alcohols Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006462 lauromacrogol 400 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agent diagnostic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008251 pharmaceutical emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010022216 physiogel Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940068065 phytosterols Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004402 polyphenol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100515 sorbitan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001589 sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011078 sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004129 sorbitan tristearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940035023 sucrose monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N tocofersolan Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricaprin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/046—Aerosols; Foams
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0295—Liquid crystals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/06—Emulsions
- A61K8/062—Oil-in-water emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/14—Liposomes; Vesicles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/34—Alcohols
- A61K8/345—Alcohols containing more than one hydroxy group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
- A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/55—Phosphorus compounds
- A61K8/553—Phospholipids, e.g. lecithin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/68—Sphingolipids, e.g. ceramides, cerebrosides, gangliosides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
- A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
- A61K8/922—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof of vegetable origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Liposomes
- A61K9/1274—Non-vesicle bilayer structures, e.g. liquid crystals, tubules, cubic phases, cochleates; Sponge phases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
- A61Q17/04—Topical preparations for affording protection against sunlight or other radiation; Topical sun tanning preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/005—Preparations for sensitive skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/007—Preparations for dry skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/20—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of the composition as a whole
- A61K2800/30—Characterized by the absence of a particular group of ingredients
- A61K2800/33—Free of surfactant
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
- A61K2800/82—Preparation or application process involves sonication or ultrasonication
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cosmetic and dermatologic foam formulations, particularly foam creams, based on emulsions of especially the oil-in-water type, wherein the oil phase comprises at least one membrane-forming substance forming a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation.
- emulsion generally relates to heterogeneous systems consisting of two liquids that are not miscible or are only miscible to a limited extent which are typically designated as phases. In an emulsion, one of both liquids is dispersed in the other liquid in the form of fine droplets.
- the emulsion is an oil-in-water emulsion (O/W emulsion, e.g. milk).
- O/W emulsion oil-in-water emulsion
- the basic character of an O/W emulsion is defined by the water.
- W/O emulsion water-in-oil emulsion, e.g. butter
- the opposite principle applies wherein the basic character is here defined by the oil.
- Emulsifiers In order to obtain a durable dispersion of a liquid in another liquid, emulsions in a conventional sense require the addition of a surface active agent (emulsifier).
- Emulsifiers have an amphiphilic molecular structure consisting of a polar (hydrophilic) and a non-polar (lipophilic) part of the molecule which are separated from each other in space.
- finely dispersed droplets enclosed by an emulsifier shell of the one phase are present in the second phase (water droplets in W/O or lipid vesicles in O/W emulsions).
- Emulsifiers reduce the surface tension between the phases because they are arranged in the boundary surface between the two liquids. They form surface films at the boundary of the oil/water phases which countervails an irreversible joining of the droplets.
- mixtures of emulsifiers are often used.
- emulsifiers can be classified depending on their hydrophilic part of the molecule into ionic (anionic, cationic and amphoteric) and non-ionic ones:
- emulsifier or “conventional emulsifier” respectively, is known in the art. Conventional emulsifiers are described, e.g., in the publications: Vietnamesekosmetik, 4th edition,ticianliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Stuttgart, pages 151 to 159 and Fiedler Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe, 5th edition, Editio Cantor Verlag, Aulendorf, pages 97 to 121.
- lipophilicity and hydrophilicity of emulsifiers can be modified to a large extent.
- emulsifiers are decisive for the stability of an emulsion.
- the characteristics of all compounds contained in the system need to be considered.
- polar oil components such as e.g. UV filters may lead to instabilities.
- other stabilizers are, therefore, additionally used, which, e.g., increase the viscosity of the emulsion and/or act as protective colloid.
- Emulsions represent an important type of product in the field of cosmetic and/or dermatologic preparations which is used in different application fields. Therefore, a variety of products—such as lotions and creams—are available for skin care, especially for relubricating dry skin.
- the aim of skin care is to compensate for the loss of lipid and water caused by daily washing.
- skin care products should protect from environmental stress—in particular from sun and wind, and should delay skin ageing.
- Cosmetic emulsions are also used as deodorants. Such formulations are used for eliminating the adore of the body that is formed when fresh sweat that as such is free of odour is decomposed by microorganisms.
- Emulsions in the form of cleaning emulsions are also used for cleaning of the skin and skin adnexa. They are most often used for the cleaning of the face and especially for removing decorative cosmetic. Such cleaning emulsions have the advantage—in contrast to other cleaning preparations such as soap—to be especially mild on skin since they may contain in the lipophilic phase nurturing oils and/or non-polar active agents—such as, e.g., vitamin E.
- Emulsifiers Since decades, conventional emulsifiers form the basis for the development of skin care preparations. Emulsifiers were used as adjuvants for the manufacture and especially for stabilizing emulsions. Recently there were references that the use of emulsifiers in skin care preparations may lead to problems e.g. in case of sensitive skin since emulsifiers typically disturb the integrity of the natural skin barrier and, thus, cleaning of the skin may lead to a loss of natural barrier compounds of the skin. The loss of natural barrier compounds may lead to an increased roughness, dry skin, cracking and wear eczema.
- emulsifiers normally results in the conversion of lamellar structures of the lipid barrier into vesicular structures such as e.g. micelles or mixed micelles. These vesicles “destroy” at least a part of the barrier layer of the skin, and, therefore, locally increase the permeability of the barrier layer membrane. Due to this opening of the barrier layer of the skin, the loss of water across the skin (TEWL) is at least temporarily increased and simultaneously the capacity of the skin to bind moisture is decreased. Continuous application of skin care preparations having conventional emulsifiers may even lead to failure of the skin to maintain its protecting function.
- Emulsifier-free emulsions are a special form of an emulsion. These emulsions are free of emulsifiers in a narrower sense, i.e. free of amphiphilic compounds having a low molecular weight (molecular weight of ⁇ 5000) that in suitable concentrations form micelles and/or other liquid crystalline aggregates.
- the IUPAC defines the term “emulsifier” as follows: Emulsifiers (i.e. conventional emulsifiers) are surface-active substances. They are preferably arranged in the boundary surface between oil phase and water phase and, therefore, reduce the surface tension. Even in low concentration, emulsifiers facilitate the formation of an emulsion.
- a formulation may be defined as “emulsifier-free” when it is stabilized by means of surface active macromolecules (having a molecular weight of over 5000) instead of emulsifiers in a narrower sense (conventional emulsifiers).
- true emulsifiers For stabilizing pharmaceutical and cosmetic emulsions, so-called true emulsifiers are predominantly used, i.e. conventional emulsifiers in the sense of the present description that according to their structure and their physical-chemical behaviour belong to the class of tensides. They are characterized in an amphiphilic structure and the capability for micelle association. Compounds and mixtures thereof that lead to the formation of a lamellar membrane in the sense of the present invention instead of micelle association are, however, not considered as conventional emulsifiers. Examples for such compounds are e.g. phospholipids, such as e.g.
- lecithins sphingolipids, ceramides, cholesterol, fatty alcohols, fatty acids as well as there mono- and/or diesters, as well as sterols, etc., when they are dispersed under specific conditions as described below.
- Such mixtures of compounds may further contain triglycerides (not hydrophilic and lipophilic), squalene (not hydrophilic and lipophilic), or squalane (not hydrophilic and lipophilic).
- Preferred examples for membrane-forming substances of the present invention are phospholipids, sphingolipids, ceramides, cholesterol, fatty alcohols, fatty acids as well as their mono- and/or diesters, and sterols. These compounds, e.g.
- phospholipids are not soluble in water in contrast to typical emulsifiers especially tensides having a comparable HLB-value of about 10. Normally, they form no micelles or hexagonal liquid crystalline phases. Above the phase transition temperature, they spontaneously form in water exclusively large multilamellar vesicles (LUV). Below the phase transition temperature, they can be dispersed in water under high energy input and form lamellar structures.
- LUV multilamellar vesicles
- the above-mentioned phase transition temperature indicates in this respect the temperature at which a gel-like phase is converted into a liquid crystalline phase. Below the phase transition temperature, a gel phase is present, above the phase transition temperature, a liquid crystalline phase is present.
- Phase transition temperatures vary depending on the composition (saturated/non-saturated; short/long) and typically lie, for example, in case of phospholipids between 10° C. and 70° C.
- the phase transition temperature can easily be determined by means of DSC.
- Membrane-forming substances also typically contain lipophilic and hydrophilic parts of the molecule.
- the capacity of a membrane-forming substance to form lamellar structures as opposed to micelles depends, however, in particular on the optimal area and/or (boundary surface carbon/water), the volume V and the critical chain length l c (Israelachvili, Jacob N.: “Intermolecular and Surface Forces: With Applications to Colloidal and Biological Systems”. 2 nd Edition Academic Press, London, U K, 1992).
- micellar structures can be converted under suitable conditions into lamellar structures.
- no phase transformation into another phase such as e.g. a micellar, hexagonal phase, etc.
- Still other systems allow under suitable conditions for the formation of a lamellar phase, however, an alteration of the concentration does not lead to the formation of other mesophases.
- lamellar structures form under well-defined conditions and are not arbitrarily convertible by means of an alteration of the concentration into other mesophases such as e.g. micellar structures.
- mesophases such as e.g. micellar structures.
- micelles In case of water-soluble tensides (emulsifiers), micelles, hexagonal and lamellar liquid crystalline phases are formed depending on the tenside concentration. In this case, it is possible that depending on the concentration mixtures of different states (hexagonal and lamellar) are present side by side in equilibrium.
- membrane-forming substances of the present invention are typically not soluble in water.
- liposomal structures are as a rule not present side by side of lamellar structures but either the one structure is present or the other.
- emulsifier-free emulsions are Pickering emulsions.
- Pickering emulsions are stabilized by means of solids which the finely divided solid particles stabilize the emulsion so that conventional emulsifiers may be substantially omitted.
- the solids accumulate in the oil/water boundary surface in the form of a layer whereby the joining of the dispersed phases is prevented.
- Solid emulsifiers suitable for this purpose are particulate inorganic or organic solids that are wettable by both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic liquids.
- titanium dioxide, tin oxide, silicon dioxide, Fe 2 O 3 , veegum, bentonit or ethyl cellulose are preferably used as solids.
- solid emulsifiers may also lead to irritations or may even cause allergies in case of sensitive skin.
- Cream bases are already used employing a variety of natural or skin-like ingredients, respectively, promising a better skin compatibility especially in case of sensitive skin. In this respect, it has been shown that the use of skin-like ingredients results in an improved skin care.
- natural skin lipids such as e.g. triglycerides are replaced by caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglycerides (of plant origin), squalene is replaced by squalane (or plant origin), ceramides are replaced by ceramide 3 (of yeast origin), cholesterol is replaced by phytosterols (of plant origin) and phospholipids are replaced by phospholipids (of plant origin).
- typical adjuvants such as fragrances, colorants, comedogen lipids (e.g. mineral oils), preservatives and critical emulsifiers are preferably omitted, since these components potentially are sensitizing and may lead to irritations of the skin.
- formulations are preferably prepared without conventional emulsifiers in order to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages of conventional emulsifiers.
- the special action of these specifically composed membrane lipids is related to the lamellar structure. Omission of conventional emulsifiers prevents that micelles or vesicles are formed so that the lamellar structure of the formed membrane is maintained in the emulsion.
- This lamellar structure is based on the (physical) structure and the (chemical) composition of the natural epidermal skin lipids that are preferably present as lute substance between the cells (corneocytes) of the stratum corneum.
- a special application form of cosmetic and/or dermatologic emulsions is the application as foams.
- Foam formulations have the advantage that they can easily be distributed on the skin. The foamy consistency is experienced as comfortable and the products normally leave a good skin feeling. In particular, the physical structure of the foam acts positively on the protective action of the skin. Foams are complicated physical structures that require a special balance of the components constituting the foam.
- foams are obtained by spraying a formulation of an emulsion or an aqueous tenside (stabilizer) solution.
- an emulsion containing propellant is dispensed from a pressurized container (such systems are also described in literature and patent literature as aerosol foams).
- the pressurized mixture of emulsion and propellant expands and forms small foam bubbles.
- the dispersed oil phase in which the oil-soluble gas is dissolved expands.
- foams can also be formed by means of other systems such as, for example, pump sprays.
- balanced foam formulations Upon application, balanced foam formulations have a stable polydisperse structure of two or more phases that forms on the skin a network structure that is comparable to a membrane.
- Such network structures have the advantage that they develop a protective action, for example against contact with water, however, allow for the unhindered gas exchange with the environment.
- the positive properties of a protective and nurturing action is combined with an unchanged perspiration.
- Foam formulations known so far contain conventional tenside/emulsifiers that serve for the stabilization of the emulsion and for the resulting foam stability.
- cream bases having a lamellar structure based in its composition on the membrane-forming epidermal lipids in foam formulations so far has not been described.
- emulsions comprising an oil phase and a water phase wherein the oil phase comprises at least one membrane-forming substance forming a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation are suitable as basis for foam formulations.
- the foam formulations are substantially free of emulsifier, i.e. they substantially contain no conventional emulsifiers wherein the substance or the mixture of substances that leads to the formation of a lamellar membrane is not considered a conventional emulsifier.
- emulsifier-free for example, acknowledged to characterize the commercial product Physiogel® cream containing DMS® concentrate as “emulsifier-free”.
- Membrane-forming substances and mixtures of substances according to the present invention are typically non-soluble in water, while conventional emulsifiers, especially tensides having a comparable HLB-value of about 10 are as a rule soluble in water. Furthermore, the membrane-forming substances not soluble in water according to the present invention are not capable of spontaneously emulsifying oils, while conventional emulsifiers especially those having a high HLB-value are capable to spontaneously emulsify oils. Conventional emulsifiers having a low HLB-value are not capable to form lamellar structures or liposomes alone in contrast to membrane-forming substances according to the present invention, e.g. phospholipids.
- a special feature of membrane-forming substances according to the present invention in contrast to conventional emulsifiers is that, for example, phospholipids have a HLB of 10, however, are not soluble in water.
- the membrane-forming substances of the invention have a HLB-value of more than 8, more preferably of 9 to 11, and most preferably of 9.5 to 10.5.
- the positive characteristics of foam formulations are combined with those of emulsions in which the oil phase comprises at least one membrane-forming substance that forms a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation.
- the oil phase comprises at least one membrane-forming substance that forms a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation.
- foam formulations can be prepared combining the positive properties of the foam, namely the physical structure and the convenient application, with a good skin compatibility.
- This property allows the use of foam formulations for cosmetic and dermatologic formulations to be employed in case of sensitive types of skin.
- skin compatibility and convenience of application is combined advantageously with each other.
- the lamellar structure of the at least one membrane-forming substance that is important for the skin compatibility has not been considered in foam formulations of the state-of-the-art.
- Foams are obtained, as already mentioned, e.g. by incorporating propellants into O/W emulsion systems.
- the propellant dissolved in the dispersed oil phase evaporates upon foaming, a foam is foamed (dispersion of gas in liquid). Foaming or expanding, respectively, of the propellant dissolved in the dispersed oil phase leads to a dilatation of the dispersed oil phase.
- breaking of the preparation does not occur and a suitable foam is formed. The formed foam is stable enough in order to be, e.g., applied to the skin.
- the invention relates to foam formulations comprising an oil phase and a water phase, wherein the oil phase comprises at least one membrane-forming substance that forms a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation.
- the invention relates to foam formulations on the basis of natural or skin-like ingredients, respectively, providing for a better skin compatibility.
- the invention relates to the use of foam formulations based on emulsions as carriers for active agents, as skin care agent, as skin cleaning agent or as sunscreen.
- the foam formulation therefore, can be employed as cosmetic, medical product or pharmaceutical composition.
- the invention comprises a method of manufacture of foam formulations based on emulsions in which the oil phase comprises a membrane-forming substance that forms a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation.
- the method comprises the steps:
- FIGS. 1-3 show polarization microscopic photographs of the foam formulation of example 3.
- FIG. 1 shows lamellar membrane-forming structures that can be recognized by means of the so-called Maltese crosses (especially in the upper left image area).
- the gas phase of the foam formulation can be recognized in the form of gas bubbles. Maltese crosses can be shown especially in the boundary surface to the gas phase.
- Maltese crosses can be recognized in the boundary surface to the gas bubbles of the foam.
- foam formulations are formulations, especially emulsions, that are evidently adapted for the formation of a foam.
- the formulations may be either filled together with a propellant into a pressurized container or may be filled without propellant into a container other than a pressurized container that allows for the formation of a foam upon dispensing of the formulation/emulsion.
- pump spray containers may be used.
- the foam formulation is a foam cream.
- essentially emulsifier-free emulsions are such emulsions that do not contain more than 1.5 weight percent of conventional emulsifiers, preferably not more than 1,0%, more preferably not more than 0,5%.
- emulsifier-free emulsions are such emulsions that do not contain conventional emulsifiers.
- a membrane-forming substance forming a lamellar membrane is a substance that preferably has simultaneously a hydrophilic as well as a hydrophobic part of the molecule.
- Triglycerides not hydrophilic and lipophilic
- squalene not hydrophilic and lipophilic
- squalane not hydrophilic and lipophilic
- Preferred membrane-forming substances are phospholipids, sphingolipids, ceramides, cholesterol, fatty alcohols, fatty acids as well as their mono- and/or diesters, and sterols.
- Such substances or corresponding mixtures of substances can be dispersed in a suitable way with an aqueous phase under formation of lamellar membranes. This can be achieved, for example, by dispersing under high energy input (e.g. high pressure homogenization, ultrasound).
- high pressure homogenization pressures in the range of 50.000-250.000 kilopascal (500-2500 bar) are employed in this respect, more preferably of 100.000-150.000 kilopascal (1000-1500 bar).
- a high energy input for forming lamellar membrane structures is not compulsory necessary (for example often in case of using non-hydrogenated lecithins having a low phase transition temperature in connection with suitable lipids, such as e.g. isopropyl myristate).
- suitable lipids such as e.g. isopropyl myristate.
- the use of particular concentrates forming a lamellar phase is also possible.
- lamellar structures in the dispersion can easily be determined by a person skilled in the art by means of methods known in the art. Suitable methods of measuring are, for example, described in Claus-Dieter Herzfeld et al. (editor), Grundlagen der Arzneiformlehre, Galenik 2, Springer Verlag, 1999. In this respect, the method of polarization microscopy is especially worth noticing.
- two polarization films in the so-called cross position in which the oscillation planes of the generated polarized light are perpendicular to each other are placed above and below the object to be analyzed.
- the oscillation plane of the irradiated light is changed by the sample so that a fraction of the light can pass through the second polarization film.
- the presence of lamellar phases can be recognized here typically by means of so-called Maltese crosses.
- a lamellar membrane is arranged such that it has a layered structure such that the upper layer of the substance is respectively directed to a lower layer of the substance.
- the direction of the individual substance layers occurs independently of the used solvent such that e.g. the hydrophilic parts of the substance are directed outwards and the hydrophobic moieties are directed inwards to each other, or vice versa.
- the resulting structure is designated as a single membrane, while in case of arranging two further layers, this lamellar structure is designated as a double membrane.
- still further layers may be associated to the (double) membrane already present resulting in a multiple membrane structure.
- the membrane may be present as a single membrane, as a double membrane or also as a multiple membrane.
- a “wash-out” effect is understood as a decreasing of the moisture of the skin after completing an application of the skin care composition below the initial value.
- bioidentical fats are fats of plant origin that occur in the body.
- Suitable components that may form the oil phase may be selected from polar and unpolar lipids or mixtures thereof.
- the oil phase of the inventive formulations is advantageously selected from the group of phospholipids, such as lecithins, (mono-, di-, tri-) glycerides (especially triglycerides, such as e.g. fatty acid triglycerides), sphingolipids, from the group of propylene glycol or butylene glycol fatty acid esters, from the group of natural waxes of animal or plant origin, from the group of ester oils, from the group of dialkyl ethers and dialkyl carbonates, from the group of branched and non-branched hydrocarbons and waxes as well as from the group of cyclic and linear silicon oils.
- phospholipids such as lecithins, (mono-, di-, tri-) glycerides (especially triglycerides, such as e.g. fatty acid triglycerides), sphingolipids, from the group of propylene glycol or butylene glycol fatty acid est
- Foam formulations according to the present invention allow for an improved skin care action of the formulation due to the lamellar membrane structure and the resulting structural similarity to the structure of intercellular lamellar lipid structure of epidermal lipds, especially the stratum corneum. Due to the analogous structure of the lamellar structure of the skin, integration of the membrane into the skin is facilitated. The integration leads also to an improvement, especially a stabilization and recovery of the skin barrier. An intact skin barrier protects the skin from too high a moisture loss. An improvement of the skin barrier can also result in an improved smoothing of the skin and may decrease the “wash-out” effect, whereby advantageously an improved long-term effect is obtained in comparison to conventional foam formulations.
- Preferred foam formulations of the present invention employ “skin-like” components, in order to obtain similarity of the lamellar membrane present in the foam formulation with the skin.
- especially preferred embodiments replace, e.g., the natural glycerides present in the sub-corneas layer (the skin predominantly contains a mixture of di- and triglycerides) by, e.g., triglycerides (of plant origin), squalene by, e.g. squalane, which is less sensitive to oxidation, ceramides by ceramide 3 (from yeast), cholesterol by phytosteroles (of plant origin) and phospholipids by phospholipids (of plant origin).
- the membrane-forming substance comprises a lipid, more preferably a triglyceride and/or phospholipid.
- the triglyceride is caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride and/or the phospholipid is hydrogenated lecithin.
- the formulation may further comprise lecithin, preferably hydrogenated lecithin.
- the preferred inventive foam formulations may further contain further components, such as e.g. stabilizers such as e.g. alcohols or glycols.
- stabilizers such as e.g. alcohols or glycols.
- glycols in particular propylene glycol, caprylyl glycol or mixtures thereof.
- further components may be comprised such as e.g. butyrospermum parkii (shea butter), squalane, glycerides, ceramides, preferably ceramide 3, or mixtures thereof.
- a preferred foam formulation of the invention comprises a substantially emulsifier-free emulsion.
- An especially preferred foam formulation of the invention is free of emulsifier.
- the foam formulation is free from water-soluble conventional emulsifiers having a HLB-value of about 10.
- the formulation is especially free from the following compounds:
- Carboxylates such as e.g. sodium stearate, aluminium stearate;
- sulphates such as e.g. Na-dodecyl sulphate, Na-cetyl stearyl sulphate, Na-laurylether sulphate;
- Quaternary ammonium compounds such as e.g. cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, benzalconium bromide; Pyridinium compounds, such as e.g. cetyl pyridinium chloride; Betains, such as e.g. betain monohydrate; Macrogol fatty acid esters, such as e.g. macrogol-30-stearat; Glycerol fatty acid esters, such as e.g. glycerol monostearate, glycerol monooleat, glycerol monoisostearate, partial glycerides, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty esters of medium chain length, such as e.g.
- Tween® polyoxyethylene-(20)-sorbitan monostearat
- Sorbitan fatty acid esters such as e.g. sorbitan laurat, sorbitan monooleat, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan sesquioleat
- Sucrose fatty acid esters such as e.g. sucrose monostearate, sucrose distearate, sucrose cocoate
- Macrogol fatty alcohol ethers such as e.g. Cetomacrogol 1000, macrogol cetostearylether, macrogol oleylether, Lauromacrogol 400
- Stearin alcohols such as e.g.
- macrogol glycerol fatty acid esters such as e.g. macrogol-1000-glycerol-monooleat, Macrogol-1000-glycerol-monostearat, macrogol-1500-glycerol, triricinoleat, macrogol-300-glycerol-(hydroxyl stearat), macrogol-5-glycerol-stearat, macrogol glycerol hydroxystearat;
- Polyglyercol fatty acid ester such as e.g. triglycerol diisostearat.
- the oil phase comprising a suitable substance or such a mixture of substances for forming the lamellar membrane is dispersed with a water phase under conditions that result in the formation of a lamellar phase. If necessary, this is done, for example, by dispersing under high energy input, such as e.g. by ultrasound or by means of high pressure homogenization, wherein pressures of about 50.000 to about 250.000 kilopascal (about 500 to about 2500 bar), preferably about 100.000 to about 150.000 kilopascal (about 1000 to about 1500 bar) are used.
- high energy input such as e.g. by ultrasound or by means of high pressure homogenization, wherein pressures of about 50.000 to about 250.000 kilopascal (about 500 to about 2500 bar), preferably about 100.000 to about 150.000 kilopascal (about 1000 to about 1500 bar) are used.
- high energy input such as e.g. by ultrasound or by means of high pressure homogenization, wherein pressures of about 50.000 to about 250.000 kilopasca
- the membrane-forming substance comprises a phospholipid, such as e.g. lecithin or hydrogenated lecithin, and additionally a lipid. More preferably, the phospholipid is a mixture of lecithin and hydrogenated lecithin. In an especially preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of lecithin to hydrogenated lecithin is about 10:1 to about 1:10, more preferably about 5:1 to about 1:5 and still more preferably the ratio of lecithin to hydrogenated lecithin is about 1:1.
- the lipid present in addition to phospholipid comprises in a preferred embodiment a liquid wax ester, such as e.g. isopropyl myristate, -palmitat, stearat or the like.
- lipids such as e.g. peanut oil or triglycerides of medium chain length (preferably C 8 -C 12 triglycerides), may be present in addition to wax ester.
- the weight ratio of total phospholipid (e.g. lecithin+hydrogenated lecithin) to total lipid (e.g. wax ester+optional triglycerides) is in this embodiment preferably about 1:5 to about 1:1, preferably about 1:2.
- the mixture of phospholipid and lipid is, for example, dispersed as a melt with water under high energy input.
- the high energy input can be effected by means of ultrasound or by means of high pressure homogenization, wherein pressures of 50.000 to 250.000 kilopascal (500 to 2500 bar) are employed, preferably 100.000 to 150.000 kilopascal (1000 to 1500 bar).
- further additives may optionally be present as described in the present specification, such as e.g. glycerol or thickening agent (e.g. xanthan gum and/or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (hypromellose)).
- the obtained formulation may be substantially emulsifier-free, preferably free of emulsifier, i.e. in the formulation, substantially no or no, respectively, conventional emulsifier is present, wherein the membrane-forming substance or the membrane-forming mixture of substances is not considered a conventional emulsifier.
- a dispersion is obtained that is suitable for forming a foam formulation (e.g. by using propellants or a pump spray) and further for forming a lamellar membrane.
- the DMS® base compositions can have the following components: caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, shea butter, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin, palm glycerides, persea gratissima , palm oil ( elaesis guineensis ).
- stabilizers in the DMS® compositions may be used e.g. alcohols or glycols such as e.g. pentylene glyclol, caprylyl glycol or mixtures thereof.
- a commercially obtainable DMS® base comprises caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, shea butter, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin as well as pentylene glycol.
- a further commercially obtainable DMS® base comprises caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, shea butter, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin as well as alcohol.
- a further commercially available DMS® base comprises caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, shea butter, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin, persea gratissima as well as caprylyl glycol.
- a further commercially available DMS® base comprises caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, shea butter, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin, palm glycerides, elaesis guineensis as well as pentylene glycol.
- a preferred DMS® base comprises caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, butyrospermum parkii, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin, as well as pentylene glycol.
- An especially preferred caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride is obtainable under the designation Miglyol 812 of the company Sasol and mixtures thereof with further oil and wax components.
- caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride obtainable under the designation Miglyol 812 of the company Sasol/Myritol 312 of the company Cognis.
- the inventive emulsions preferably contain from about 5 to 50 weight percent oil phase, especially preferably 10 to 35 weight percent and more preferably 15 to 35 weight percent oil phase.
- the data respectively refers to the total weight of the emulsion without propellant.
- cream compositions are in particular used in case of irritated, dry up to very dry, sensitive up to very sensitive, allergic and eczemic skin.
- oil phase preferably may contain further components, such as e.g. fatty acids, in particular stearinic acid, or oils, such as e.g. Cetiol V.
- further conventional adjuvants such as fragrances, colorants, comedogene lipids (e.g. mineral oils) and physiologic emulsifiers are preferably omitted, since these components are potentially sensitizing and may lead to irritations of the skin.
- the aqueous phase can contain cosmetic adjuvants, e.g. lower alcohols (e.g. ethanol, isopropanol), lower dioles or polyoles as well as ethers thereof (e.g. propylene glycol, glycerole, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol and ethylene glycol), foam stabilizers and thickening agents.
- cosmetic adjuvants e.g. lower alcohols (e.g. ethanol, isopropanol), lower dioles or polyoles as well as ethers thereof (e.g. propylene glycol, glycerole, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol and ethylene glycol), foam stabilizers and thickening agents.
- Suitable thickening agents are polymeric thickening agents that are partly soluble in water or are at least dispersible in water and form in aqueous systems gels or viscous solutions. They increase the viscosity of the water in that they either bind water molecules (hydratation) or, on the other hand, include and encapsulate the water into their intertwined macromolecules wherein movability of the water is decreased.
- Suitable polymers are:
- a cellulose ether is contained as thickering agent in the formulation of the invention.
- Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose is especially preferred.
- a hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose especially preferred according to the invention is Metolose 90S H100.
- the general designation in the art for Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose is hypromellose.
- a further preferred thickening agent is xanthan gum, especially Keltrol®CG xanthan gum.
- Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and xanthan gum can be employed in the inventive formulations also simultaneously.
- the inventive emulsions preferably contain from 0.2 to 3.0 weight percent thickening agent (based on the dry weight of the thickening agent and the total weight of the emulsion without propellant). Especially preferred are 0.5 to 2.5 weight percent thickening agent.
- the contained active agent may be selected from all active agents and mixtures thereof that can be applied to the surface of the skin.
- the active agent can act cosmetically or pharmaceutically. Accordingly, cosmetic or dermatologic (to be employed as medical product or pharmaceutical composition) foam formulations are obtained. Furthermore, the formulation may be employed for protecting the skin against environmental influences.
- the active agent can be completely of plant origin or can be synthetic.
- the group of active agents may overlap with other groups of ingredients, such as e.g. the oil component, the thickening agents or the solid emulsifiers.
- some oil components also may act as active agents, such as e.g. oils having polyunsaturated fatty acids or solid emulsifiers, such as e.g. particulate titanium dioxide that may serve as UV-filter.
- the substances are to be classified into several groups.
- Active agents of the inventive formulations are advantageously selected from the group of substances having moisturizing and barrier strengthening properties, such as e.g. hydroviton, an emulation of NMF, pyrrolidone carbonic acid and salts thereof, lactic acid and salts thereof, glycerol, sorbitol, propylene glycol and urea, substances of the group of proteins and protein hydrolysates, such as e.g. collagen, elastin as well as silk protein, substances of the group of glycose aminoglucanes, such as e.g. hyaluronic acid, of the group of carbohydrates, such as e.g.
- substances having moisturizing and barrier strengthening properties such as e.g. hydroviton, an emulation of NMF, pyrrolidone carbonic acid and salts thereof, lactic acid and salts thereof, glycerol, sorbitol, propylene glycol and urea
- substances of the group of proteins and protein hydrolysates such as
- pentavitin that corresponds in its composition to the carbohydrate mixture of the human sub-corneous layer and the group of lipids and lipid precursors such as for example ceramides.
- Further advantageous active agents in the sense of the present invention may be selected from the group of vitamins, such as e.g. panthenol, niacin, ⁇ -tocopherol and its esters, vitamin A as well as vitamin C.
- active agents selected from the group of antioxidants e.g. galates and polyphenoles may be used.
- Urea, hyaluronic acid and pentavitin are preferred substances.
- substances having skin soothing and regenerative action are employed as active agents, such as e.g. panthenol, bisabolol and phytosteroles.
- Advantageous active agents in the sense of the present invention are also plants and plant extracts. These are e.g. algae, aloe, arnica, barber's rash, comfrey, birch, nettle, calendula, oak, ivy, witch hazel, henna, hop, camomile, ruscus, peppermint, marigold, rosemary, sage, green tea, tea tree, horsetail, thyme and walnut as well as extracts thereof.
- algae aloe, arnica, barber's rash, comfrey, birch, nettle, calendula, oak, ivy, witch hazel, henna, hop, camomile, ruscus, peppermint, marigold, rosemary, sage, green tea, tea tree, horsetail, thyme and walnut as well as extracts thereof.
- inventive formulations may further contain as active agents antimycotics and antiseptics/disinfectants of synthetic or natural origin.
- Further active agents are glycocorticoides, antibiotics, analgetics, antiphlogistics, antirheumatics, antiallergics, antiparasitics, antipruriginosics, antipsoriatics, retinoids, local anaesthetics, therapeutic agents for veins, ceratolytics, hyperemic substances, coronary therapeutic agents (nitrates/nitro-compounds), virus statics, cytostatics, hormones, agents promoting wound healing, e.g. growth factors, enzyme preparations and insecticides.
- the formulations may optionally further contain colouring agents, pearlescent pigments, fragrances/perfumes, sunscreen filter substances, preservatives, complex formers, antioxidants and repellent agents, as well as pH-value regulating agents.
- formulations of the invention are free from components that may lead to irritations of the skin, in particular are free from fragrances, perfume, colorants and conventional emulsifiers.
- inventive foam formulations may contain apart from the components already described above further natural fats such as e.g. shea butter, neutral oils, olive oil, squalane, ceramides and moisturizing substances as usual in the art.
- further natural fats such as e.g. shea butter, neutral oils, olive oil, squalane, ceramides and moisturizing substances as usual in the art.
- Suitable propellants are e.g. N 2 O, propane, butane and i-butane.
- the completed foam formulation contains 5 to 15 weight percent of propellant, preferably about 10 weight percent.
- the foam formulations according to the invention are prepared by providing an emulsion, preferably of the oil-in-water type and filling the emulsion and optionally propellant into a suitable container such as e.g. a pressurized container.
- a suitable container such as e.g. a pressurized container.
- the emulsion may also be filled into a different container that is suitable to dispense the emulsion as a foam even in the absence of propellant.
- a suitable container such as e.g. a pressurized container.
- propellant and pressurized container the emulsion may also be filled into a different container that is suitable to dispense the emulsion as a foam even in the absence of propellant.
- Such systems are known to a person skilled in the art.
- inventive emulsions are prepared by means of a method comprising the following steps:
- the oil phase and the aqueous phase are each mixed at a temperature in the range of from about 40 to 90° C. and are homogenized; a temperature range of from about 60 to about 80° C. is especially preferred, more preferably a temperature of about 70° C.
- the phases are homogenized using a high-speed stirring device.
- homogenizing is carried out by means of high pressure homogenization.
- homogenizing is carried out by means of ultrasound.
- the oil phase is mixed into the aqueous phase and is homogenized. If necessary, the emulsion is cooled down to room temperature under stirring. In an especially preferred method, a suitable amount of a DMS® concentrate is added to this mixture and the concentrate is incorporated into the present emulsion.
- the method that is described in the following can also be carried out with other lamellar phases instead of DMS® concentrate.
- the DMS® concentrate can already be added to the oil phase before homogenizing with the aqueous phase or can be added to the mixture of the homogenizing the oil and aqueous phase. It is preferred that the DMS® concentrate is added to the mixture after the first homogenizing step and the mixture is then homogenized.
- the method advantageously comprises the following further steps:
- the inventive emulsion is loaded with about 10 weight percent of propellant.
- the foam formulations of the present invention can be employed for all cosmetic and dermatologic (as a medical product or pharmaceutical composition) purposes.
- the formulations may be employed as skin care agent or skin cleaning agent.
- they may be used as carriers for active agents and may be employed in the medical dermatologic field.
- the formulations may be employed as sunscreen.
- the aqueous phase is provided by mixing the components.
- HPMC Metal 90SH100
- Xanthan gum Keltrol ® CG
- Stearinic acid is dissolved under heating up to about 70° C. in Miglyol 812 (Example 1) or in the mixture of Miglyol 812 and Cetiol V (Example 2), respectively.
- This oil phase is added into the aqueous phase under stirring and is homogenized using a high-speed stirring device.
- the resulting emulsion is cooled down to room temperature under stirring and the DMS® concentrate is incorporated by means of a high-speed stirring device.
- the used DMS® concentrate has the following INCI components:
- soya lecithin and hydrogenated soya lecithin e.g. Phospholipon 80 H and phospholipon 85 G
- a mixture of triglycerides of medium chain length e.g. Miglyol 812
- isopropyl myristate 60° C.
- high energy input e.g. ultrasound or high pressure homogenization
- the lipid melt is dispersed in a mixture of water and glycerol (high pressure homogenizer: Avestin Emulsiflex-C3; pressure: 1400 bar).
- the solution of xanthan gum e.g. Keltrol CG
- hypromellose e.g. Metolose 90SH100
- a stable cream-like foam having fine bubbles is formed upon dispensing the foam formulation from the pressurized container by means of a suitable valve having a foam applicator attached.
- the structure of the cream-like foam is maintained for a duration that is sufficient for uniformly dispersing the foam on the skin.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Grain Derivatives (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a foam formulation comprising an emulsion, comprising an oil phase and a water phase, the oil phase comprising at least one membrane-forming substance forming a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation.
Description
- The present invention relates to cosmetic and dermatologic foam formulations, particularly foam creams, based on emulsions of especially the oil-in-water type, wherein the oil phase comprises at least one membrane-forming substance forming a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation.
- The term “emulsion” generally relates to heterogeneous systems consisting of two liquids that are not miscible or are only miscible to a limited extent which are typically designated as phases. In an emulsion, one of both liquids is dispersed in the other liquid in the form of fine droplets.
- In case that the two liquids are water and oil and the oil droplets are finely dispersed in water, the emulsion is an oil-in-water emulsion (O/W emulsion, e.g. milk). The basic character of an O/W emulsion is defined by the water. In case of a water-in-oil emulsion (W/O emulsion, e.g. butter), the opposite principle applies wherein the basic character is here defined by the oil.
- In order to obtain a durable dispersion of a liquid in another liquid, emulsions in a conventional sense require the addition of a surface active agent (emulsifier). Emulsifiers have an amphiphilic molecular structure consisting of a polar (hydrophilic) and a non-polar (lipophilic) part of the molecule which are separated from each other in space. In simple emulsions, finely dispersed droplets enclosed by an emulsifier shell of the one phase are present in the second phase (water droplets in W/O or lipid vesicles in O/W emulsions). Emulsifiers reduce the surface tension between the phases because they are arranged in the boundary surface between the two liquids. They form surface films at the boundary of the oil/water phases which countervails an irreversible joining of the droplets. For stabilizing emulsions mixtures of emulsifiers are often used.
- Conventional emulsifiers can be classified depending on their hydrophilic part of the molecule into ionic (anionic, cationic and amphoteric) and non-ionic ones:
-
- The best known example of an anionic emulsifier is believed to be soap which is the conventional name for the water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of saturated and non-saturated higher fatty acids.
- Important members of cationic emulsifiers are the quaternary ammonium compounds.
- The hydrophilic part of the molecule of non-ionic emulsifiers often consists of glycerol, polyglycerol, sorbitans, carbohydrates or polyoxyethylene glycols, respectively, and is most often connected to the lipophilic part of the molecule by means of ester and ether bonds. The latter consists typically of fatty alcohols, fatty acids or iso-fatty acids.
- The term “emulsifier” or “conventional emulsifier” respectively, is known in the art. Conventional emulsifiers are described, e.g., in the publications: Pflegekosmetik, 4th edition, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Stuttgart, pages 151 to 159 and Fiedler Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe, 5th edition, Editio Cantor Verlag, Aulendorf, pages 97 to 121.
- By variation of the structure and the size of the polar and the non-polar part of the molecule, lipophilicity and hydrophilicity of emulsifiers can be modified to a large extent.
- The correct choice of emulsifiers is decisive for the stability of an emulsion. In this respect, the characteristics of all compounds contained in the system need to be considered. For example, in case of skin care emulsions, polar oil components such as e.g. UV filters may lead to instabilities. Apart from emulsifiers, other stabilizers are, therefore, additionally used, which, e.g., increase the viscosity of the emulsion and/or act as protective colloid.
- Emulsions represent an important type of product in the field of cosmetic and/or dermatologic preparations which is used in different application fields. Therefore, a variety of products—such as lotions and creams—are available for skin care, especially for relubricating dry skin. The aim of skin care is to compensate for the loss of lipid and water caused by daily washing. In addition, such skin care products should protect from environmental stress—in particular from sun and wind, and should delay skin ageing.
- Cosmetic emulsions are also used as deodorants. Such formulations are used for eliminating the adore of the body that is formed when fresh sweat that as such is free of odour is decomposed by microorganisms.
- Emulsions in the form of cleaning emulsions are also used for cleaning of the skin and skin adnexa. They are most often used for the cleaning of the face and especially for removing decorative cosmetic. Such cleaning emulsions have the advantage—in contrast to other cleaning preparations such as soap—to be especially mild on skin since they may contain in the lipophilic phase nurturing oils and/or non-polar active agents—such as, e.g., vitamin E.
- Since decades, conventional emulsifiers form the basis for the development of skin care preparations. Emulsifiers were used as adjuvants for the manufacture and especially for stabilizing emulsions. Recently there were references that the use of emulsifiers in skin care preparations may lead to problems e.g. in case of sensitive skin since emulsifiers typically disturb the integrity of the natural skin barrier and, thus, cleaning of the skin may lead to a loss of natural barrier compounds of the skin. The loss of natural barrier compounds may lead to an increased roughness, dry skin, cracking and wear eczema.
- Furthermore, the use of emulsifiers normally results in the conversion of lamellar structures of the lipid barrier into vesicular structures such as e.g. micelles or mixed micelles. These vesicles “destroy” at least a part of the barrier layer of the skin, and, therefore, locally increase the permeability of the barrier layer membrane. Due to this opening of the barrier layer of the skin, the loss of water across the skin (TEWL) is at least temporarily increased and simultaneously the capacity of the skin to bind moisture is decreased. Continuous application of skin care preparations having conventional emulsifiers may even lead to failure of the skin to maintain its protecting function.
- Emulsifier-free emulsions are a special form of an emulsion. These emulsions are free of emulsifiers in a narrower sense, i.e. free of amphiphilic compounds having a low molecular weight (molecular weight of <5000) that in suitable concentrations form micelles and/or other liquid crystalline aggregates. The IUPAC defines the term “emulsifier” as follows: Emulsifiers (i.e. conventional emulsifiers) are surface-active substances. They are preferably arranged in the boundary surface between oil phase and water phase and, therefore, reduce the surface tension. Even in low concentration, emulsifiers facilitate the formation of an emulsion. In addition, these substances may increase the stability of an emulsion in that they reduce the rate of aggregation and/or coalescence. According to an interdisciplinary consensus of pharmacists, dermatologists and other experts of the Society of Dermatopharmacy (http://www.dermotopics.de/german/ausgabe_1_03_d/emulgatorfrei_1_2003_d.htm), a formulation may be defined as “emulsifier-free” when it is stabilized by means of surface active macromolecules (having a molecular weight of over 5000) instead of emulsifiers in a narrower sense (conventional emulsifiers).
- For stabilizing pharmaceutical and cosmetic emulsions, so-called true emulsifiers are predominantly used, i.e. conventional emulsifiers in the sense of the present description that according to their structure and their physical-chemical behaviour belong to the class of tensides. They are characterized in an amphiphilic structure and the capability for micelle association. Compounds and mixtures thereof that lead to the formation of a lamellar membrane in the sense of the present invention instead of micelle association are, however, not considered as conventional emulsifiers. Examples for such compounds are e.g. phospholipids, such as e.g. lecithins, sphingolipids, ceramides, cholesterol, fatty alcohols, fatty acids as well as there mono- and/or diesters, as well as sterols, etc., when they are dispersed under specific conditions as described below. Such mixtures of compounds may further contain triglycerides (not hydrophilic and lipophilic), squalene (not hydrophilic and lipophilic), or squalane (not hydrophilic and lipophilic). Preferred examples for membrane-forming substances of the present invention are phospholipids, sphingolipids, ceramides, cholesterol, fatty alcohols, fatty acids as well as their mono- and/or diesters, and sterols. These compounds, e.g. phospholipids, are not soluble in water in contrast to typical emulsifiers especially tensides having a comparable HLB-value of about 10. Normally, they form no micelles or hexagonal liquid crystalline phases. Above the phase transition temperature, they spontaneously form in water exclusively large multilamellar vesicles (LUV). Below the phase transition temperature, they can be dispersed in water under high energy input and form lamellar structures. The above-mentioned phase transition temperature indicates in this respect the temperature at which a gel-like phase is converted into a liquid crystalline phase. Below the phase transition temperature, a gel phase is present, above the phase transition temperature, a liquid crystalline phase is present. Phase transition temperatures vary depending on the composition (saturated/non-saturated; short/long) and typically lie, for example, in case of phospholipids between 10° C. and 70° C. For a given system, the phase transition temperature can easily be determined by means of DSC.
- Membrane-forming substances also typically contain lipophilic and hydrophilic parts of the molecule. The capacity of a membrane-forming substance to form lamellar structures as opposed to micelles depends, however, in particular on the optimal area and/or (boundary surface carbon/water), the volume V and the critical chain length lc (Israelachvili, Jacob N.: “Intermolecular and Surface Forces: With Applications to Colloidal and Biological Systems”. 2nd Edition Academic Press, London, U K, 1992).
- Furthermore, it is in case necessary to select special production conditions for a system to form lamellar structures. These conditions are described below regarding the inventive systems in more detail. Although systems in which micellar structures can be converted under suitable conditions into lamellar structures are known in the art, there are, however, also systems in which no phase transformation into another phase such as e.g. a micellar, hexagonal phase, etc. is possible. Still other systems allow under suitable conditions for the formation of a lamellar phase, however, an alteration of the concentration does not lead to the formation of other mesophases.
- Thus, lamellar structures form under well-defined conditions and are not arbitrarily convertible by means of an alteration of the concentration into other mesophases such as e.g. micellar structures. In case of water-soluble tensides (emulsifiers), micelles, hexagonal and lamellar liquid crystalline phases are formed depending on the tenside concentration. In this case, it is possible that depending on the concentration mixtures of different states (hexagonal and lamellar) are present side by side in equilibrium. By contrast, membrane-forming substances of the present invention are typically not soluble in water. In case of these lipids not soluble in water, such as e.g. phospholipids, liposomal structures are as a rule not present side by side of lamellar structures but either the one structure is present or the other.
- An example of emulsifier-free emulsions are Pickering emulsions. Pickering emulsions are stabilized by means of solids which the finely divided solid particles stabilize the emulsion so that conventional emulsifiers may be substantially omitted. In this respect, the solids accumulate in the oil/water boundary surface in the form of a layer whereby the joining of the dispersed phases is prevented. Solid emulsifiers suitable for this purpose are particulate inorganic or organic solids that are wettable by both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic liquids. In Pickering emulsions, titanium dioxide, tin oxide, silicon dioxide, Fe2O3, veegum, bentonit or ethyl cellulose are preferably used as solids.
- However, such solid emulsifiers may also lead to irritations or may even cause allergies in case of sensitive skin.
- Cream bases are already used employing a variety of natural or skin-like ingredients, respectively, promising a better skin compatibility especially in case of sensitive skin. In this respect, it has been shown that the use of skin-like ingredients results in an improved skin care. Thus, in these cream bases several components of natural skin lipids, such as e.g. triglycerides are replaced by caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglycerides (of plant origin), squalene is replaced by squalane (or plant origin), ceramides are replaced by ceramide 3 (of yeast origin), cholesterol is replaced by phytosterols (of plant origin) and phospholipids are replaced by phospholipids (of plant origin).
- In this concept, typical adjuvants such as fragrances, colorants, comedogen lipids (e.g. mineral oils), preservatives and critical emulsifiers are preferably omitted, since these components potentially are sensitizing and may lead to irritations of the skin.
- These formulations are preferably prepared without conventional emulsifiers in order to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages of conventional emulsifiers.
- Without wishing to be bound by a specific theory it is believed that the special action of these specifically composed membrane lipids is related to the lamellar structure. Omission of conventional emulsifiers prevents that micelles or vesicles are formed so that the lamellar structure of the formed membrane is maintained in the emulsion. This lamellar structure is based on the (physical) structure and the (chemical) composition of the natural epidermal skin lipids that are preferably present as lute substance between the cells (corneocytes) of the stratum corneum.
- Systems based on specifically composed membrane lipids having a lamellar structure of the membrane are known in the art under the term “DMS®” (Derma Membrane Structure).
- A special application form of cosmetic and/or dermatologic emulsions is the application as foams. Foam formulations have the advantage that they can easily be distributed on the skin. The foamy consistency is experienced as comfortable and the products normally leave a good skin feeling. In particular, the physical structure of the foam acts positively on the protective action of the skin. Foams are complicated physical structures that require a special balance of the components constituting the foam. In general, foams are obtained by spraying a formulation of an emulsion or an aqueous tenside (stabilizer) solution. For example, an emulsion containing propellant is dispensed from a pressurized container (such systems are also described in literature and patent literature as aerosol foams). In this case, the pressurized mixture of emulsion and propellant expands and forms small foam bubbles. In particular, the dispersed oil phase in which the oil-soluble gas is dissolved expands. However, foams can also be formed by means of other systems such as, for example, pump sprays.
- Upon application, balanced foam formulations have a stable polydisperse structure of two or more phases that forms on the skin a network structure that is comparable to a membrane. Such network structures have the advantage that they develop a protective action, for example against contact with water, however, allow for the unhindered gas exchange with the environment. In such foams, there is practically no obstacle for the perspiratio insensibiles and no corresponding heat build-up. Thus, the positive properties of a protective and nurturing action is combined with an unchanged perspiration.
- Foam formulations known so far contain conventional tenside/emulsifiers that serve for the stabilization of the emulsion and for the resulting foam stability.
- Conventional emulsifiers or tensides, respectively, are, however, repeatedly identified as causing irritations in the use of skin care products, such as e.g. a dysfunction of the skin barrier or Mallorca acne.
- Thus, there is a need of individual skin care compositions that are better adapted to the needs of the skin than conventional emulsion systems on the basis of emulsifiers and, thus, provide a better skin protection and a better skin care.
- The use of cream bases having a lamellar structure based in its composition on the membrane-forming epidermal lipids in foam formulations so far has not been described.
- It is the object of the present invention to provide improved foam formulations, particularly improved foam creams, avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages of formulations according to the state-of-the-art.
- The applicant has surprisingly found that emulsions comprising an oil phase and a water phase wherein the oil phase comprises at least one membrane-forming substance forming a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation are suitable as basis for foam formulations. In a preferred embodiment, the foam formulations are substantially free of emulsifier, i.e. they substantially contain no conventional emulsifiers wherein the substance or the mixture of substances that leads to the formation of a lamellar membrane is not considered a conventional emulsifier. For example, in the technical field it is, for example, acknowledged to characterize the commercial product Physiogel® cream containing DMS® concentrate as “emulsifier-free”.
- Membrane-forming substances and mixtures of substances according to the present invention are typically non-soluble in water, while conventional emulsifiers, especially tensides having a comparable HLB-value of about 10 are as a rule soluble in water. Furthermore, the membrane-forming substances not soluble in water according to the present invention are not capable of spontaneously emulsifying oils, while conventional emulsifiers especially those having a high HLB-value are capable to spontaneously emulsify oils. Conventional emulsifiers having a low HLB-value are not capable to form lamellar structures or liposomes alone in contrast to membrane-forming substances according to the present invention, e.g. phospholipids. A special feature of membrane-forming substances according to the present invention in contrast to conventional emulsifiers is that, for example, phospholipids have a HLB of 10, however, are not soluble in water.
- Preferably the membrane-forming substances of the invention have a HLB-value of more than 8, more preferably of 9 to 11, and most preferably of 9.5 to 10.5.
- According to the present invention the positive characteristics of foam formulations are combined with those of emulsions in which the oil phase comprises at least one membrane-forming substance that forms a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation. Thus, especially foam formulations can be prepared combining the positive properties of the foam, namely the physical structure and the convenient application, with a good skin compatibility. This property allows the use of foam formulations for cosmetic and dermatologic formulations to be employed in case of sensitive types of skin. Thus, skin compatibility and convenience of application is combined advantageously with each other. The lamellar structure of the at least one membrane-forming substance that is important for the skin compatibility has not been considered in foam formulations of the state-of-the-art.
- Nevertheless, it is not obligatory that such emulsions lead to stable foam products upon foaming. Foams are obtained, as already mentioned, e.g. by incorporating propellants into O/W emulsion systems. In case that the propellant dissolved in the dispersed oil phase evaporates upon foaming, a foam is foamed (dispersion of gas in liquid). Foaming or expanding, respectively, of the propellant dissolved in the dispersed oil phase leads to a dilatation of the dispersed oil phase. It now has been surprisingly found that upon foaming of the inventive foam formulations breaking of the preparation does not occur and a suitable foam is formed. The formed foam is stable enough in order to be, e.g., applied to the skin.
- The invention relates to foam formulations comprising an oil phase and a water phase, wherein the oil phase comprises at least one membrane-forming substance that forms a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation.
- Preferably, the invention relates to foam formulations on the basis of natural or skin-like ingredients, respectively, providing for a better skin compatibility.
- Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of foam formulations based on emulsions as carriers for active agents, as skin care agent, as skin cleaning agent or as sunscreen. The foam formulation, therefore, can be employed as cosmetic, medical product or pharmaceutical composition.
- Moreover, the invention comprises a method of manufacture of foam formulations based on emulsions in which the oil phase comprises a membrane-forming substance that forms a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation. The method comprises the steps:
-
- a) Producing an emulsion preferably of the oil-in-water type,
- b) Filling the emulsion and propellant into a pressurized container, or
- c) Filling the emulsion into a container other than a pressurized container that upon dispensing of the emulsion generates a foam.
-
FIGS. 1-3 show polarization microscopic photographs of the foam formulation of example 3. -
FIG. 1 shows lamellar membrane-forming structures that can be recognized by means of the so-called Maltese crosses (especially in the upper left image area). - In addition, in
FIG. 2 , the gas phase of the foam formulation can be recognized in the form of gas bubbles. Maltese crosses can be shown especially in the boundary surface to the gas phase. - Moreover, in
FIG. 3 , Maltese crosses can be recognized in the boundary surface to the gas bubbles of the foam. - According to the present invention, foam formulations are formulations, especially emulsions, that are evidently adapted for the formation of a foam. In particular, the formulations may be either filled together with a propellant into a pressurized container or may be filled without propellant into a container other than a pressurized container that allows for the formation of a foam upon dispensing of the formulation/emulsion. For example, pump spray containers may be used.
- In a preferred embodiment, the foam formulation is a foam cream.
- According to the present invention, essentially emulsifier-free emulsions are such emulsions that do not contain more than 1.5 weight percent of conventional emulsifiers, preferably not more than 1,0%, more preferably not more than 0,5%. According to the invention, emulsifier-free emulsions are such emulsions that do not contain conventional emulsifiers.
- According to the present invention, a membrane-forming substance forming a lamellar membrane is a substance that preferably has simultaneously a hydrophilic as well as a hydrophobic part of the molecule. Preferred are substances such as e.g. phospholipids, such as lecithins, sphingolipids, ceramides, cholesterol, fatty alcohols, fatty acids as well as mono- and/or diesters thereof, as well as sterols, etc. Triglycerides (not hydrophilic and lipophilic), squalene (not hydrophilic and lipophilic), squalane (not hydrophilic and lipophilic), may also be contained in mixtures of compounds comprising the membrane-forming substance.
- Preferred membrane-forming substances are phospholipids, sphingolipids, ceramides, cholesterol, fatty alcohols, fatty acids as well as their mono- and/or diesters, and sterols. Such substances or corresponding mixtures of substances can be dispersed in a suitable way with an aqueous phase under formation of lamellar membranes. This can be achieved, for example, by dispersing under high energy input (e.g. high pressure homogenization, ultrasound). In case of high pressure homogenization, pressures in the range of 50.000-250.000 kilopascal (500-2500 bar) are employed in this respect, more preferably of 100.000-150.000 kilopascal (1000-1500 bar). In other cases, a high energy input for forming lamellar membrane structures is not compulsory necessary (for example often in case of using non-hydrogenated lecithins having a low phase transition temperature in connection with suitable lipids, such as e.g. isopropyl myristate). The use of particular concentrates forming a lamellar phase is also possible.
- The presence of lamellar structures in the dispersion can easily be determined by a person skilled in the art by means of methods known in the art. Suitable methods of measuring are, for example, described in Claus-Dieter Herzfeld et al. (editor), Grundlagen der Arzneiformlehre, Galenik 2, Springer Verlag, 1999. In this respect, the method of polarization microscopy is especially worth noticing. In this method, two polarization films in the so-called cross position in which the oscillation planes of the generated polarized light are perpendicular to each other are placed above and below the object to be analyzed. The oscillation plane of the irradiated light is changed by the sample so that a fraction of the light can pass through the second polarization film. The presence of lamellar phases can be recognized here typically by means of so-called Maltese crosses.
- According to the present invention, a lamellar membrane is arranged such that it has a layered structure such that the upper layer of the substance is respectively directed to a lower layer of the substance. The direction of the individual substance layers occurs independently of the used solvent such that e.g. the hydrophilic parts of the substance are directed outwards and the hydrophobic moieties are directed inwards to each other, or vice versa.
- In case that two layers of the substance are directed in the above-described sense, the resulting structure is designated as a single membrane, while in case of arranging two further layers, this lamellar structure is designated as a double membrane. According to the present principle, still further layers may be associated to the (double) membrane already present resulting in a multiple membrane structure. According to the present invention, the membrane may be present as a single membrane, as a double membrane or also as a multiple membrane.
- A “wash-out” effect is understood as a decreasing of the moisture of the skin after completing an application of the skin care composition below the initial value.
- According to the present invention, bioidentical fats are fats of plant origin that occur in the body.
- Suitable components that may form the oil phase may be selected from polar and unpolar lipids or mixtures thereof.
- The oil phase of the inventive formulations is advantageously selected from the group of phospholipids, such as lecithins, (mono-, di-, tri-) glycerides (especially triglycerides, such as e.g. fatty acid triglycerides), sphingolipids, from the group of propylene glycol or butylene glycol fatty acid esters, from the group of natural waxes of animal or plant origin, from the group of ester oils, from the group of dialkyl ethers and dialkyl carbonates, from the group of branched and non-branched hydrocarbons and waxes as well as from the group of cyclic and linear silicon oils.
- Foam formulations according to the present invention allow for an improved skin care action of the formulation due to the lamellar membrane structure and the resulting structural similarity to the structure of intercellular lamellar lipid structure of epidermal lipds, especially the stratum corneum. Due to the analogous structure of the lamellar structure of the skin, integration of the membrane into the skin is facilitated. The integration leads also to an improvement, especially a stabilization and recovery of the skin barrier. An intact skin barrier protects the skin from too high a moisture loss. An improvement of the skin barrier can also result in an improved smoothing of the skin and may decrease the “wash-out” effect, whereby advantageously an improved long-term effect is obtained in comparison to conventional foam formulations.
- Preferred foam formulations of the present invention employ “skin-like” components, in order to obtain similarity of the lamellar membrane present in the foam formulation with the skin. In this respect, especially preferred embodiments replace, e.g., the natural glycerides present in the sub-corneas layer (the skin predominantly contains a mixture of di- and triglycerides) by, e.g., triglycerides (of plant origin), squalene by, e.g. squalane, which is less sensitive to oxidation, ceramides by ceramide 3 (from yeast), cholesterol by phytosteroles (of plant origin) and phospholipids by phospholipids (of plant origin).
- In a preferred foam formulation of the invention, the membrane-forming substance comprises a lipid, more preferably a triglyceride and/or phospholipid. In an especially preferred foam formulation of the invention, the triglyceride is caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride and/or the phospholipid is hydrogenated lecithin.
- In a further preferred foam formulation of the present invention, the formulation may further comprise lecithin, preferably hydrogenated lecithin.
- The preferred inventive foam formulations may further contain further components, such as e.g. stabilizers such as e.g. alcohols or glycols. Preferred are glycols, in particular propylene glycol, caprylyl glycol or mixtures thereof.
- In preferred foam formulations of the invention, further components may be comprised such as e.g. butyrospermum parkii (shea butter), squalane, glycerides, ceramides, preferably ceramide 3, or mixtures thereof.
- A preferred foam formulation of the invention comprises a substantially emulsifier-free emulsion. An especially preferred foam formulation of the invention is free of emulsifier. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the foam formulation is free from water-soluble conventional emulsifiers having a HLB-value of about 10. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation is especially free from the following compounds:
- Carboxylates, such as e.g. sodium stearate, aluminium stearate;
- sulphates, such as e.g. Na-dodecyl sulphate, Na-cetyl stearyl sulphate, Na-laurylether sulphate;
- Quaternary ammonium compounds, such as e.g. cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, benzalconium bromide;
Pyridinium compounds, such as e.g. cetyl pyridinium chloride;
Betains, such as e.g. betain monohydrate;
Macrogol fatty acid esters, such as e.g. macrogol-30-stearat;
Glycerol fatty acid esters, such as e.g. glycerol monostearate, glycerol monooleat, glycerol monoisostearate, partial glycerides, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty esters of medium chain length, such as e.g. Tween®, polyoxyethylene-(20)-sorbitan monostearat;
Sorbitan fatty acid esters, such as e.g. sorbitan laurat, sorbitan monooleat, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan sesquioleat;
Sucrose fatty acid esters, such as e.g. sucrose monostearate, sucrose distearate, sucrose cocoate;
Macrogol fatty alcohol ethers, such as e.g. Cetomacrogol 1000, macrogol cetostearylether, macrogol oleylether, Lauromacrogol 400;
Stearin alcohols, such as e.g. cholesterol, lanolin, acetylated lanolin, hydrogenated lanolin, lanolin alcohols;
macrogol glycerol fatty acid esters, such as e.g. macrogol-1000-glycerol-monooleat, Macrogol-1000-glycerol-monostearat, macrogol-1500-glycerol, triricinoleat, macrogol-300-glycerol-(hydroxyl stearat), macrogol-5-glycerol-stearat, macrogol glycerol hydroxystearat;
Polyglyercol fatty acid ester, such as e.g. triglycerol diisostearat. - In the present invention, the oil phase comprising a suitable substance or such a mixture of substances for forming the lamellar membrane is dispersed with a water phase under conditions that result in the formation of a lamellar phase. If necessary, this is done, for example, by dispersing under high energy input, such as e.g. by ultrasound or by means of high pressure homogenization, wherein pressures of about 50.000 to about 250.000 kilopascal (about 500 to about 2500 bar), preferably about 100.000 to about 150.000 kilopascal (about 1000 to about 1500 bar) are used. In other cases, especially when using non-hydrogenated lecithin having a low phase transition temperature as the membrane-forming substance, simple dispersing is often already sufficient without the additional need of high energy input. The presence of a lamellar phase can, as mentioned above, easily be determined by a person skilled in the art using methods known in the art such as e.g. polarization microscopy.
- In an especially preferred embodiment, the membrane-forming substance comprises a phospholipid, such as e.g. lecithin or hydrogenated lecithin, and additionally a lipid. More preferably, the phospholipid is a mixture of lecithin and hydrogenated lecithin. In an especially preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of lecithin to hydrogenated lecithin is about 10:1 to about 1:10, more preferably about 5:1 to about 1:5 and still more preferably the ratio of lecithin to hydrogenated lecithin is about 1:1. The lipid present in addition to phospholipid comprises in a preferred embodiment a liquid wax ester, such as e.g. isopropyl myristate, -palmitat, stearat or the like. Furthermore, further optional lipids, such as e.g. peanut oil or triglycerides of medium chain length (preferably C8-C12 triglycerides), may be present in addition to wax ester. The weight ratio of total phospholipid (e.g. lecithin+hydrogenated lecithin) to total lipid (e.g. wax ester+optional triglycerides) is in this embodiment preferably about 1:5 to about 1:1, preferably about 1:2.
- The mixture of phospholipid and lipid is, for example, dispersed as a melt with water under high energy input. The high energy input can be effected by means of ultrasound or by means of high pressure homogenization, wherein pressures of 50.000 to 250.000 kilopascal (500 to 2500 bar) are employed, preferably 100.000 to 150.000 kilopascal (1000 to 1500 bar). In the water phase, further additives may optionally be present as described in the present specification, such as e.g. glycerol or thickening agent (e.g. xanthan gum and/or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (hypromellose)).
- Further optional ingredients are described below in connection with DMS® compositions. In particular, the obtained formulation may be substantially emulsifier-free, preferably free of emulsifier, i.e. in the formulation, substantially no or no, respectively, conventional emulsifier is present, wherein the membrane-forming substance or the membrane-forming mixture of substances is not considered a conventional emulsifier. Upon dispersing this mixture in the described manner, a dispersion is obtained that is suitable for forming a foam formulation (e.g. by using propellants or a pump spray) and further for forming a lamellar membrane.
- Further cream bases based on the above-described “skin-like” components are also known in the art as DMS® cream bases.
- The DMS® base compositions can have the following components: caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, shea butter, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin, palm glycerides, persea gratissima, palm oil (elaesis guineensis).
- As stabilizers in the DMS® compositions may be used e.g. alcohols or glycols such as e.g. pentylene glyclol, caprylyl glycol or mixtures thereof.
- A commercially obtainable DMS® base comprises caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, shea butter, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin as well as pentylene glycol.
- A further commercially obtainable DMS® base comprises caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, shea butter, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin as well as alcohol.
- A further commercially available DMS® base comprises caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, shea butter, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin, persea gratissima as well as caprylyl glycol.
- A further commercially available DMS® base comprises caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, shea butter, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin, palm glycerides, elaesis guineensis as well as pentylene glycol.
- A preferred DMS® base comprises caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride, butyrospermum parkii, squalane, ceramide 3, hydrogenated lecithin, as well as pentylene glycol.
- An especially preferred caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride is obtainable under the designation Miglyol 812 of the company Sasol and mixtures thereof with further oil and wax components.
- In addition, especially preferred is the caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride obtainable under the designation Miglyol 812 of the company Sasol/Myritol 312 of the company Cognis.
- The inventive emulsions preferably contain from about 5 to 50 weight percent oil phase, especially preferably 10 to 35 weight percent and more preferably 15 to 35 weight percent oil phase. The data respectively refers to the total weight of the emulsion without propellant.
- These cream compositions are in particular used in case of irritated, dry up to very dry, sensitive up to very sensitive, allergic and eczemic skin.
- In addition, the oil phase preferably may contain further components, such as e.g. fatty acids, in particular stearinic acid, or oils, such as e.g. Cetiol V.
- In the DMS concentrates and the inventive formulations, further conventional adjuvants (not bioidentical) such as fragrances, colorants, comedogene lipids (e.g. mineral oils) and physiologic emulsifiers are preferably omitted, since these components are potentially sensitizing and may lead to irritations of the skin.
- The aqueous phase can contain cosmetic adjuvants, e.g. lower alcohols (e.g. ethanol, isopropanol), lower dioles or polyoles as well as ethers thereof (e.g. propylene glycol, glycerole, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol and ethylene glycol), foam stabilizers and thickening agents.
- Suitable thickening agents are polymeric thickening agents that are partly soluble in water or are at least dispersible in water and form in aqueous systems gels or viscous solutions. They increase the viscosity of the water in that they either bind water molecules (hydratation) or, on the other hand, include and encapsulate the water into their intertwined macromolecules wherein movability of the water is decreased. Suitable polymers are:
-
- modified natural materials, such as cellulose ether (e.g. hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose ether);
- natural compounds, such as e.g. agar-agar, carrageen, polyoses, starch, dextrins, gelatine, casein;
- synthetic compounds, such as e.g. vinyl polymers, polyether, polyimines, polyamides and derivates of polyacrylic acid; and
- inorganic compounds, such as e.g. polysilicic acid and clay minerals.
- Preferably, a cellulose ether is contained as thickering agent in the formulation of the invention. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose is especially preferred. A hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose especially preferred according to the invention is Metolose 90S H100. The general designation in the art for Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose is hypromellose.
- A further preferred thickening agent is xanthan gum, especially Keltrol®CG xanthan gum.
- Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and xanthan gum can be employed in the inventive formulations also simultaneously.
- The inventive emulsions preferably contain from 0.2 to 3.0 weight percent thickening agent (based on the dry weight of the thickening agent and the total weight of the emulsion without propellant). Especially preferred are 0.5 to 2.5 weight percent thickening agent.
- The contained active agent may be selected from all active agents and mixtures thereof that can be applied to the surface of the skin. The active agent can act cosmetically or pharmaceutically. Accordingly, cosmetic or dermatologic (to be employed as medical product or pharmaceutical composition) foam formulations are obtained. Furthermore, the formulation may be employed for protecting the skin against environmental influences. The active agent can be completely of plant origin or can be synthetic. The group of active agents may overlap with other groups of ingredients, such as e.g. the oil component, the thickening agents or the solid emulsifiers. For example, some oil components also may act as active agents, such as e.g. oils having polyunsaturated fatty acids or solid emulsifiers, such as e.g. particulate titanium dioxide that may serve as UV-filter. Depending on the characteristics, the substances are to be classified into several groups.
- Active agents of the inventive formulations are advantageously selected from the group of substances having moisturizing and barrier strengthening properties, such as e.g. hydroviton, an emulation of NMF, pyrrolidone carbonic acid and salts thereof, lactic acid and salts thereof, glycerol, sorbitol, propylene glycol and urea, substances of the group of proteins and protein hydrolysates, such as e.g. collagen, elastin as well as silk protein, substances of the group of glycose aminoglucanes, such as e.g. hyaluronic acid, of the group of carbohydrates, such as e.g. pentavitin that corresponds in its composition to the carbohydrate mixture of the human sub-corneous layer and the group of lipids and lipid precursors such as for example ceramides. Further advantageous active agents in the sense of the present invention may be selected from the group of vitamins, such as e.g. panthenol, niacin, α-tocopherol and its esters, vitamin A as well as vitamin C. Moreover, active agents selected from the group of antioxidants e.g. galates and polyphenoles may be used. Urea, hyaluronic acid and pentavitin are preferred substances.
- It is further preferred that substances having skin soothing and regenerative action are employed as active agents, such as e.g. panthenol, bisabolol and phytosteroles.
- Advantageous active agents in the sense of the present invention are also plants and plant extracts. These are e.g. algae, aloe, arnica, barber's rash, comfrey, birch, nettle, calendula, oak, ivy, witch hazel, henna, hop, camomile, ruscus, peppermint, marigold, rosemary, sage, green tea, tea tree, horsetail, thyme and walnut as well as extracts thereof.
- The inventive formulations may further contain as active agents antimycotics and antiseptics/disinfectants of synthetic or natural origin.
- Further active agents are glycocorticoides, antibiotics, analgetics, antiphlogistics, antirheumatics, antiallergics, antiparasitics, antipruriginosics, antipsoriatics, retinoids, local anaesthetics, therapeutic agents for veins, ceratolytics, hyperemic substances, coronary therapeutic agents (nitrates/nitro-compounds), virus statics, cytostatics, hormones, agents promoting wound healing, e.g. growth factors, enzyme preparations and insecticides.
- The formulations may optionally further contain colouring agents, pearlescent pigments, fragrances/perfumes, sunscreen filter substances, preservatives, complex formers, antioxidants and repellent agents, as well as pH-value regulating agents.
- However, in a preferred embodiment, formulations of the invention are free from components that may lead to irritations of the skin, in particular are free from fragrances, perfume, colorants and conventional emulsifiers.
- The inventive foam formulations may contain apart from the components already described above further natural fats such as e.g. shea butter, neutral oils, olive oil, squalane, ceramides and moisturizing substances as usual in the art.
- The above list of individual components of the emulsion should be considered such that individual exemplified components may be classified into several groups because of its different properties.
- Suitable propellants are e.g. N2O, propane, butane and i-butane. The completed foam formulation contains 5 to 15 weight percent of propellant, preferably about 10 weight percent.
- The foam formulations according to the invention are prepared by providing an emulsion, preferably of the oil-in-water type and filling the emulsion and optionally propellant into a suitable container such as e.g. a pressurized container. As an alternative to propellant and pressurized container, the emulsion may also be filled into a different container that is suitable to dispense the emulsion as a foam even in the absence of propellant. Such systems are known to a person skilled in the art.
- In particular, the inventive emulsions are prepared by means of a method comprising the following steps:
-
- (1) Providing an oil phase optionally comprising at least one membrane-forming substance forming a lamellar membrane in the formulation,
- (2) Providing an aqueous phase,
- (3) Combining and homogenizing of both phases, for example, by means of ultrasound or high pressure homogenization,
- (4) Optionally adding at least one or at least one further membrane-forming substance,
- (5) Optionally homogenizing, for example, by means of ultrasound or high pressure homogenization in order to obtain an emulsion, wherein in at least one of the steps (1) or (4) at least one membrane-forming substance is included that forms in the formulation a lamellar membrane.
- Preferably, the oil phase and the aqueous phase are each mixed at a temperature in the range of from about 40 to 90° C. and are homogenized; a temperature range of from about 60 to about 80° C. is especially preferred, more preferably a temperature of about 70° C.
- For homogenizing, every means or method known in the art can be used. Preferably, the phases are homogenized using a high-speed stirring device. In a preferred embodiment, homogenizing is carried out by means of high pressure homogenization. In a further preferred embodiment, homogenizing is carried out by means of ultrasound.
- In a preferred production method, the oil phase is mixed into the aqueous phase and is homogenized. If necessary, the emulsion is cooled down to room temperature under stirring. In an especially preferred method, a suitable amount of a DMS® concentrate is added to this mixture and the concentrate is incorporated into the present emulsion. The method that is described in the following can also be carried out with other lamellar phases instead of DMS® concentrate.
- The DMS® concentrate can already be added to the oil phase before homogenizing with the aqueous phase or can be added to the mixture of the homogenizing the oil and aqueous phase. It is preferred that the DMS® concentrate is added to the mixture after the first homogenizing step and the mixture is then homogenized.
- In case the emulsion comprises a thickening agent, the method advantageously comprises the following further steps:
-
- (6) Providing an aqueous solution of thickening agent,
- (7) Mixing the solution of thickening agent with the emulsion.
- Preferably, the inventive emulsion is loaded with about 10 weight percent of propellant.
- The foam formulations of the present invention can be employed for all cosmetic and dermatologic (as a medical product or pharmaceutical composition) purposes. For example, the formulations may be employed as skin care agent or skin cleaning agent. Furthermore, they may be used as carriers for active agents and may be employed in the medical dermatologic field. In particular, the formulations may be employed as sunscreen.
- a) Aqueous Phase
- The aqueous phase is provided by mixing the components.
-
Component Amount HPMC (Metolose 90SH100) 1.5 g Xanthan gum (Keltrol ® CG) 0.5 g Water 78 g - b) Oil Phase
-
-
Component Example 1 DMS Concentrate 5 g Miglyol 812 14 g Stearinic acid 1 g Aqueous phase ad 100 g -
-
Component Example 2 DMS Concentrate 5 g Miglyol 812 14 g Stearinic acid 1 g Cetiol V 5 g Aqueous phase ad 100 g - Stearinic acid is dissolved under heating up to about 70° C. in Miglyol 812 (Example 1) or in the mixture of Miglyol 812 and Cetiol V (Example 2), respectively.
- This oil phase is added into the aqueous phase under stirring and is homogenized using a high-speed stirring device. The resulting emulsion is cooled down to room temperature under stirring and the DMS® concentrate is incorporated by means of a high-speed stirring device.
- The used DMS® concentrate has the following INCI components:
- Aqua (and) Hydrogenated Lecithin (and) Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (and) Pentylene Glycol (and) Butyrospermum Parkii (and) Glycerin (and) Squalanee (and) Ceramide 3
- 90 g of the emulsion prepared as above are filled into an aerosol container and are loaded after closing with a valve cap with 10 g propellant.
-
-
Component Example 3 soya lecithin 3.0 g hydrogenated soya lecithin 3.0 g triglycerides of 7.0 g medium chain length isopropyl myristate 7.0 g xanthan gum 0.4 g hypromellose 1.2 g glycerol 85% 5.0 g water 73.4 g - The mixture of soya lecithin and hydrogenated soya lecithin (e.g. Phospholipon 80 H and phospholipon 85 G) is dissolved in a mixture of triglycerides of medium chain length (e.g. Miglyol 812) and isopropyl myristate at 60° C. Under high energy input (e.g. ultrasound or high pressure homogenization), the lipid melt is dispersed in a mixture of water and glycerol (high pressure homogenizer: Avestin Emulsiflex-C3; pressure: 1400 bar). Subsequently, the solution of xanthan gum (e.g. Keltrol CG) and hypromellose (e.g. Metolose 90SH100) in water is added under stirring.
- 90 g of the membrane-forming emulsion as prepared above are filled into an aerosol container and is loaded with 10 g propellant after closing with a valve cap.
- A stable cream-like foam having fine bubbles is formed upon dispensing the foam formulation from the pressurized container by means of a suitable valve having a foam applicator attached. The structure of the cream-like foam is maintained for a duration that is sufficient for uniformly dispersing the foam on the skin.
Claims (21)
1. A foam formulation comprising an emulsion which comprises an oil phase and a water phase, wherein the oil phase comprises at least one membrane-forming substance forming a lamellar membrane in the foam formulation.
2. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the emulsion is an oil-in-water type emulsion.
3. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one membrane-forming substance comprises a lipid.
4. The foam formulation according to claim 3 , wherein said lipid is a triglyceride that comprises caprylic acid/caprinic acid triglyceride.
5. The foam formulation according to claim 3 , wherein the lipid comprises a phospholipid.
6. The foam formulation according to claim 5 , wherein said phospholipid is lecithin or lecithin that comprises hydrated lecithin.
7. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the emulsion further comprises at least one thickening agent which is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, xanthan gum and mixtures thereof.
8. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the emulsion further comprises a stablilizer.
9. The foam formulation according to claim 8 , wherein the stabilize comprises pentylene glycol.
10. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the emulsion further comprises shea butter, glycerol, squalan, ceramide, preferably ceramide 3 or mixtures thereof.
11. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the emulsion further comprises an oil or Oils lubricating substance.
12. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the emulsion further comprises at least one active agent.
13. The foam formulation according to claim 12 , wherein the active agent is selected from the group consisting of hydroviton, pyrrolidone carbonic acid and salts thereof, lactic acid and salts thereof, glycerol, sorbitol, propylene glycol, urea, collagen, elastin, silk protein, hyaluronic acid, pentavitin, ceramides, panthenol, niacin, a-tocopherol and esters thereof, vitamin A, vitamin C, galates, polyphenols, panthenol, bisabolol, phytosteroles, glycocorticoides, antibiotics, analgetics, antiphlogistics, antirheumatics, antiallergics, antiparasitatics, antipruriginosics, antipsoriatics, retinoids, local anaesthetics, therapeutic agents for the veins, ceratolytics, hyperemisic compounds, coronary therapeutics (nitrates/nitro-compounds), virus statics, cytostatics, hormones, agents promoting wound healing, growth factors, enzyme preparations, insecticides and plant material such as e.g. plant extracts of algae, aloe, amica, barber's rash, comfrey, birch, stinging nettle, calendula, oak, ivy, witch hazel, henna, hops, camomile, ruscus, peppermint, marigold, rosemary, sage, green tea, tea tree, horsetail, thyme walnut and mixtures thereof.
14. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the emulsion is a substantially emulsifier-free emulsion.
15. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the emulsion is free of emulsifier.
16. The foam formulation according to claim 3 , wherein the lipid comprises bioidentical fats.
17. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the formulation is a foam cream.
18. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the emulsion comprises at least one phospholipid and at least one liquid wax ester.
19. The foam formulation according to claim 18 , wherein the phospholipid comprises lecithin, or a triglyceride.
20. The foam formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the membrane-forming substance is not soluble in water.
21.-33. (canceled)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/235,152 US20220110842A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2021-04-20 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP071105571.2 | 2007-06-19 | ||
EP07110571A EP2020221B1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2007-06-19 | DMS (Derma Membrane Structure) in foaming creams |
PCT/EP2008/057791 WO2008155389A2 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2008-06-19 | Dms in foaming creams |
US66473209A | 2009-12-15 | 2009-12-15 | |
US16/270,929 US20190167539A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2019-02-08 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
US16/601,733 US20200289381A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2019-10-15 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
US17/235,152 US20220110842A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2021-04-20 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/601,733 Continuation US20200289381A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2019-10-15 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20220110842A1 true US20220110842A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
Family
ID=38830392
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/664,732 Abandoned US20100189662A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2008-06-19 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
US16/270,929 Abandoned US20190167539A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2019-02-08 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
US16/601,733 Abandoned US20200289381A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2019-10-15 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
US17/235,152 Abandoned US20220110842A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2021-04-20 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
Family Applications Before (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/664,732 Abandoned US20100189662A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2008-06-19 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
US16/270,929 Abandoned US20190167539A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2019-02-08 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
US16/601,733 Abandoned US20200289381A1 (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2019-10-15 | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams |
Country Status (21)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US20100189662A1 (en) |
EP (3) | EP2020221B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5971891B2 (en) |
KR (6) | KR20230037060A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101686903B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE547088T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008265154B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2691393C (en) |
DK (1) | DK2020221T3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA021149B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2382890T3 (en) |
HK (2) | HK1129562A1 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20120423T1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL202088A0 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2009013348A (en) |
PL (1) | PL2020221T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2020221E (en) |
RS (1) | RS52337B (en) |
UA (1) | UA98499C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008155389A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200907797B (en) |
Families Citing this family (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL152486A0 (en) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-05-29 | Meir Eini | Alcohol-free cosmetic and pharmaceutical foam carrier |
US8636982B2 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2014-01-28 | Foamix Ltd. | Wax foamable vehicle and pharmaceutical compositions thereof |
CA2698233C (en) * | 2007-10-02 | 2014-09-23 | Kuhs Gmbh | Topical composition comprising lamellar double membrane layers |
JP2010043027A (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-25 | Kracie Home Products Ltd | Oil-in-water type emulsified cosmetic |
US20110308985A1 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2011-12-22 | Gina Van Bogaert | Composition of a liposomal gel containing hydrocortisone, its metabolites, precursors or mixtures thereof and the use thereof |
JP5503175B2 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2014-05-28 | 株式会社コーセー | Cracking aerosol composition |
US20110269704A1 (en) | 2009-07-24 | 2011-11-03 | Seigfried Bernd G | Method for developing a liquid composition to be applied to the skin as a foam and a composition that can be applied topically |
CA2769625C (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2017-04-11 | Foamix Ltd. | Non surfactant hydro-alcoholic foamable compositions, breakable foams and their uses |
ES2537151T3 (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2015-06-02 | Neubourg Skin Care Gmbh & Co. Kg | Polymer stabilized foam formulations, emulsifier free |
EP2363108B1 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2017-08-30 | Neubourg Skin Care GmbH & Co. KG | Foam formulation containing at least one triterpenoid |
PL2371350T3 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2013-09-30 | Neubourg Skin Care Gmbh & Co Kg | Foam formulas for treating animal skin illnesses |
DE202011100483U1 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-07-13 | Neubourg Skin Care Gmbh & Co. Kg | Application system for care products with sponge applicator |
JP5802057B2 (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2015-10-28 | 日本ゼトック株式会社 | Oil-in-water emulsified cosmetic |
GB2492138B (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2016-07-06 | Cosmetic Warriors Ltd | Solid cosmetic composition with dispersed gas bubbles |
KR101867847B1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2018-06-19 | 코웨이 주식회사 | O/W Emulsion having recrystallized particle and Cosmetic composition comprising thereof |
JP6315743B2 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2018-04-25 | 横浜油脂工業株式会社 | Silica microcapsule of lipid component having lamellar structure and method for producing the same |
GB2508825B (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2018-04-04 | Cosmetic Warriors Ltd | Composition |
KR102116709B1 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2020-05-29 | (주)네오팜 | Weakly acidic composition for external base application and cosmetics containing the same |
US9867776B2 (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2018-01-16 | Neopharm Co., Ltd. | Transdermal drug delivery system having multi-lamellar emulsion structure |
JP6775925B2 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2020-10-28 | 御木本製薬株式会社 | O / W type emulsion |
WO2016044374A1 (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2016-03-24 | Glaxosmithkline Consumer Healthcare Holdings (Us) Llc | Novel formulations |
US9895311B2 (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2018-02-20 | Pharmiva Ab | Foam-forming compositions and methods for delivering an active to a body cavity |
SG11201803029WA (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2018-05-30 | Glaxosmithkline Consumer Healthcare Holdings Us Llc | Novel occlusive formulations |
EP3442490A4 (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2019-12-11 | Bio-Up Mimetic Technologies, Inc. | Re-oiled and hyper-oiled lecithin carrier vehicles |
MX2017011630A (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2018-09-25 | Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Compositions and methods for treating rosacea and acne. |
CH713023A2 (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2018-04-13 | Kuhs Bernd | Process for the preparation of dermatological and cosmetic preparations with pronounced lamellar structures using phosphatidylcholine and biological cell materials, which are disrupted by the action of ultrasonic waves and at the same time embedded between the lamellar structures. |
DE102016222160A1 (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2018-05-17 | Beiersdorf Ag | Facial cleansing product with special foam quality and sensor technology |
KR101752312B1 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-06-29 | 주식회사 씨엠에스랩 | Vesicles containing Saccharide isomerate, Hydrolyzed lupine protein and Intercorneocyte lipid mimetics, and Composition for Skin external application comprising the same |
DE102016224030A1 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-07 | Beiersdorf Ag | Cosmetic foam of an O / W emulsion with an esterification of glycerol with three identical fatty acids |
CN110494190A (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2019-11-22 | 玫琳凯有限公司 | Cosmetic composition comprising sher butter |
CN108434090A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2018-08-24 | 高药品股份有限公司 | Using physiology fat as the steroids ointment of base |
KR20200034668A (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2020-03-31 | 플래그쉽 파이어니어링 이노베이션스 브이, 인크. | Composition for promoting membrane fusion and use thereof |
JP7012211B2 (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2022-01-28 | 東洋エアゾール工業株式会社 | Aerosol products |
CH714305B1 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2022-07-15 | Cosmetolab Ag | Process for preparing topical formulations and prepared formulations. |
TR201806197A2 (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-07-22 | Montero Gida Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | BABY SHAMPOO |
DE102018107718A1 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-02 | Ultrasun Ag | A process for the preparation of a starting formulation for a dermatological sunscreen composition and for the preparation of a dermatological sunscreen composition |
WO2019215679A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2019-11-14 | Protair-X Health Solutions, Inc. | Foam sanitizer composition |
KR102634748B1 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2024-02-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Pellicle for photomask and method of fabricating the same |
IT201900004877A1 (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-10-01 | Res Pharma Ind S R L | PROCESS OF PREPARATION OF CONCENTRATED COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS |
US11779532B2 (en) | 2020-06-12 | 2023-10-10 | Mary Kay Inc. | Topical compositions and methods |
CA3189148A1 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-02-17 | Rolf Daniels | Alcohol-based disinfectant foam |
DE102021002698A1 (en) | 2021-05-25 | 2022-12-01 | Prof4Skin Gmbh | Compositions containing membrane-forming substances for producing a pump foam |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5120528A (en) * | 1991-06-12 | 1992-06-09 | Block Drug Company, Inc. | Taste preserving, mild oral hygiene compositions |
US6342238B1 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2002-01-29 | L'oreal | Organogel comprising an oxidation-sensitive hydrophilic compound, and uses thereof, in particular cosmetic uses |
US20030017968A1 (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 2003-01-23 | Hudson Billy G. | Use of isolated domains of type IV collagen to modify cell and tissue interactions |
US20050244342A1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2005-11-03 | Foamix Ltd. | Moisturizing foam containing lanolin |
US20060029657A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-02-09 | Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. | Topical skin protectant compositions |
US20060115440A1 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2006-06-01 | Arata Andrew B | Silver dihydrogen citrate compositions |
Family Cites Families (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5112591B1 (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1976-04-20 | ||
US3793464A (en) * | 1971-04-26 | 1974-02-19 | Ici America Inc | Process for preparing aqueous emulsion of proteinaceous food products |
JPS5646810B1 (en) * | 1971-05-10 | 1981-11-05 | ||
US4200551A (en) * | 1978-11-27 | 1980-04-29 | A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company | Cold-water-dispersible lecithin concentrates |
US4411926A (en) * | 1982-02-04 | 1983-10-25 | General Foods Corporation | Stabilizer for frozen foamed emulsions and method therefore |
US4622074A (en) * | 1984-03-01 | 1986-11-11 | Miyoshi Kasei Co., Ltd. | Pigments and extender pigments which are surface-treated with hydrogenated lecithin, and cosmetics containing the same |
JP2866114B2 (en) * | 1989-09-20 | 1999-03-08 | 株式会社資生堂 | Cosmetics |
FR2709666B1 (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-10-13 | Oreal | Cosmetic or dermatological composition consisting of an oil-in-water emulsion based on oily globules provided with a lamellar liquid crystal coating. |
FR2725369B1 (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1997-01-03 | Oreal | COSMETIC OR DERMATOLOGICAL COMPOSITION CONSISTING OF AN OIL IN WATER EMULSION BASED ON OIL CELLS PROVIDED WITH A LAMELLAR LIQUID CRYSTAL COATING |
US6416771B1 (en) * | 1995-03-23 | 2002-07-09 | The Nisshin Oil Mills Ltd. | Moisturizing composition, base containing the same, and cosmetic or external preparation containing the moisturizing composition |
US6015574A (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 2000-01-18 | L'oreal | Lipophilic carrier systems |
US6312703B1 (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 2001-11-06 | Lecigel, Llc | Compressed lecithin preparations |
TW592713B (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2004-06-21 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Use of nanodispersions in cosmetic end formulations |
DE19834814A1 (en) * | 1998-08-01 | 2000-02-03 | Beiersdorf Ag | Cosmetic and dermatological preparations with an effective content of bile acids, their salts and / or their derivatives |
DE19859427A1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-06-29 | Beiersdorf Ag | Cosmetic or pharmaceutical lecithin-containing gels or low-viscosity, lecithin-containing O / W microemulsions |
FR2802805B1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-08-16 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | COSMETIC MIXTURES BASED ON EMULSIFYING AGENTS AND OILY COMPOUNDS, SUITABLE FOR THE FORMATION OF LIQUID LAMELLAR PHASES |
CA2400422C (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2006-11-07 | Martin Albrecht | Lamellar structured cosmetic composition |
FR2825629A1 (en) * | 2001-06-11 | 2002-12-13 | Oreal | Stable foaming liquid composition for topical application, e.g. as cleansing milk for the skin, scalp and/or hair, containing organized surfactant system as a lamellar gel phase in aqueous medium |
FR2827766A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-01-31 | Oreal | Composition useful as a cosmetic product comprises an aqueous dispersion of liposomes containing a dehydroepiandrosterone compound |
US20030083210A1 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-05-01 | Unilever Home And Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Lamellar post foaming cleansing composition and dispensing system |
JP4549625B2 (en) * | 2002-01-05 | 2010-09-22 | 株式會社アモーレパシフィック | Finely emulsified particles containing ginseng saponin metabolites as active ingredients, a method for producing the same, and a cosmetic composition for preventing skin aging containing the same |
DE10216508A1 (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-23 | Beiersdorf Ag | Cosmetic and dermatological formulations containing hydroxybenzophenones and one or more pre-gelatinized, cross-linked starch derivatives |
US7731947B2 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2010-06-08 | Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc. | Composition and dosage form comprising an interferon particle formulation and suspending vehicle |
JP2004331610A (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-25 | Taiyo Kagaku Co Ltd | Foamable oily uv-care cosmetic composition |
EP1713446B1 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2010-12-01 | Camurus Ab | Ternary non-lamellar lipid compositions |
US20050265936A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-01 | Knopf Michael A | Cleansing foaming sunscreen lotion |
JP2007008853A (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-18 | Pola Chem Ind Inc | Aerosol cosmetic |
ES2275443B1 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2008-06-01 | Italfarmaco, S.A. | LIPOSOMAS PREPARATION PROCEDURE. |
US7920823B2 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2011-04-05 | Microsoft Corporation | System capability discovery for software defined radio |
CL2008000037A1 (en) | 2007-01-16 | 2008-10-10 | Bayer Consumer Care Ag | COLOIDAL SOLUTION THAT INCLUDES AT LEAST AN ACTIVE INGREDIENT, AT LEAST A MEMBRANE FORMER MOLECULA AND AT LEAST A FOAMING COMPONENT; PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING THE COLLOIDAL SOLUTION; AND ITS USE TO TREAT DERMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS. |
JP2011125217A (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2011-06-30 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | Ruminant feed additive composition containing acidic or neutral amino acid, and method for producing the same |
CN102596179A (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2012-07-18 | 工业研究与发展基金会有限公司 | Liposomal compositions and uses of same |
US8758783B1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-24 | L'oreal | Water-in-oil emulsion comprising pigments in the water phase |
-
2007
- 2007-06-19 EP EP07110571A patent/EP2020221B1/en active Active
- 2007-06-19 PL PL07110571T patent/PL2020221T3/en unknown
- 2007-06-19 AT AT07110571T patent/ATE547088T1/en active
- 2007-06-19 RS RS20120210A patent/RS52337B/en unknown
- 2007-06-19 PT PT07110571T patent/PT2020221E/en unknown
- 2007-06-19 ES ES07110571T patent/ES2382890T3/en active Active
- 2007-06-19 DK DK07110571.2T patent/DK2020221T3/en active
-
2008
- 2008-06-19 CN CN200880020965XA patent/CN101686903B/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 KR KR1020237007123A patent/KR20230037060A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-19 KR KR1020107001136A patent/KR20100031749A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-19 KR KR1020187018115A patent/KR20180074816A/en active Application Filing
- 2008-06-19 WO PCT/EP2008/057791 patent/WO2008155389A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-06-19 EP EP14181865.8A patent/EP2815737A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-19 EA EA201070028A patent/EA021149B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-19 KR KR1020207027482A patent/KR20200116166A/en active Search and Examination
- 2008-06-19 CA CA2691393A patent/CA2691393C/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 EP EP08761225A patent/EP2167015A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-06-19 MX MX2009013348A patent/MX2009013348A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-06-19 UA UAA201000511A patent/UA98499C2/en unknown
- 2008-06-19 US US12/664,732 patent/US20100189662A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-06-19 AU AU2008265154A patent/AU2008265154B2/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 JP JP2010512690A patent/JP5971891B2/en active Active
- 2008-06-19 KR KR1020177002494A patent/KR20170016013A/en active Search and Examination
- 2008-06-19 KR KR1020157031018A patent/KR20150126419A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2009
- 2009-07-24 HK HK09106832.0A patent/HK1129562A1/en unknown
- 2009-11-05 ZA ZA200907797A patent/ZA200907797B/en unknown
- 2009-11-12 IL IL202088A patent/IL202088A0/en active IP Right Grant
-
2010
- 2010-08-03 HK HK15105333.8A patent/HK1206588A1/en unknown
-
2012
- 2012-05-17 HR HRP20120423TT patent/HRP20120423T1/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-09-08 JP JP2014182366A patent/JP6381379B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-02-08 US US16/270,929 patent/US20190167539A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-10-15 US US16/601,733 patent/US20200289381A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2021
- 2021-04-20 US US17/235,152 patent/US20220110842A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5120528A (en) * | 1991-06-12 | 1992-06-09 | Block Drug Company, Inc. | Taste preserving, mild oral hygiene compositions |
US20030017968A1 (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 2003-01-23 | Hudson Billy G. | Use of isolated domains of type IV collagen to modify cell and tissue interactions |
US6342238B1 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2002-01-29 | L'oreal | Organogel comprising an oxidation-sensitive hydrophilic compound, and uses thereof, in particular cosmetic uses |
US20050244342A1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2005-11-03 | Foamix Ltd. | Moisturizing foam containing lanolin |
US20060029657A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-02-09 | Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. | Topical skin protectant compositions |
US20060115440A1 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2006-06-01 | Arata Andrew B | Silver dihydrogen citrate compositions |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20220110842A1 (en) | DMS (derma membrane structure) in Foam Creams | |
US20220193460A1 (en) | Surfactant-free foam formulations | |
US9468590B2 (en) | Emulsifier-free, polymer-stabilized foam formulations | |
EP2542207B1 (en) | Foam formulations containing at least one triterpenoid |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |