US20220081785A1 - Ambient air separation and soec front-end for ammonia synthesis gas production - Google Patents

Ambient air separation and soec front-end for ammonia synthesis gas production Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20220081785A1
US20220081785A1 US17/421,458 US202017421458A US2022081785A1 US 20220081785 A1 US20220081785 A1 US 20220081785A1 US 202017421458 A US202017421458 A US 202017421458A US 2022081785 A1 US2022081785 A1 US 2022081785A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrolysis
air
unit
synthesis gas
ammonia
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
US17/421,458
Inventor
Peter Mølgaard MORTENSEN
John Bøgild Hansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Topsoe AS
Original Assignee
Haldor Topsoe AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Haldor Topsoe AS filed Critical Haldor Topsoe AS
Assigned to HALDOR TOPSØE A/S reassignment HALDOR TOPSØE A/S ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MORTENSEN, PETER MØLGAARD, Hansen, John Bøgild
Publication of US20220081785A1 publication Critical patent/US20220081785A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/27—Ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C25B1/042—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water by electrolysis of steam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved process for generating synthesis gas for ammonia production.
  • a typical ammonia-producing plant first converts a desulfurized hydrocarbon gas, such as natural gas (i.e. methane) or LPG (a liquefied petroleum gas, such as propane and butane) or petroleum naphtha into gaseous hydrogen by steam reforming. The hydrogen is then combined with nitrogen to produce ammonia via the Haber-Bosch process
  • synthesis of ammonia requires a synthesis gas (syngas) comprising hydrogen (H 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ) in a suitable molar ratio of about 3:1.
  • Ammonia is one of the most widely produced chemicals, and it is synthesized directly using gaseous hydrogen and nitrogen as reactants without precursors or by-products. In its gaseous state, nitrogen is largely available as N 2 , and it is normally produced by separating it from atmospheric air.
  • the production of hydrogen (H 2 ) is still challenging and, for industrial synthesis of ammonia, it is most often obtained from steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas.
  • SMR steam methane reforming
  • N 2 is also introduced, thus rendering the need for an air separation unit superfluous, but a clean-up process is necessary to remove oxygen-containing species, such as O 2 , CO, CO 2 and H 2 O, in order to prevent the catalysts from being poisoned in the ammonia converter.
  • Carbon dioxide is a product of SMR and can be separated and recovered inside the plant. Hydrogen production is therefore a critical process in ammonia synthesis, and a sustainable production of ammonia is desirable to reduce the consumption of a primary source, such as natural gas, and to avoid CO 2 emissions from the process.
  • a primary source such as natural gas
  • the air separation is ideally carried out by using a membrane or alternatively by using pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or temperature swing adsorption (TSA). This way, part of the oxygen is removed from the air and less oxygen needs to be burned and subsequently separated in the SOEC.
  • PSA pressure swing adsorption
  • TSA temperature swing adsorption
  • PCT/EP2018/076616 allows for producing ammonia synthesis gas purely from sustainable resources. By combining this with partial air separation, an improved process integration can be achieved, as the oxygen in the air feed can be balanced to exactly match the required steam production in the SOEC layout combined with the ammonia loop. In addition, the upstream air separation reduces the content of other impurities in the air, especially CO 2 .
  • the operating costs of the initial air separation step can be kept very low, as a high selectivity for oxygen rejection can be achieved in the separation step when the remaining oxygen content is left at say 15%, 10%, or even 5%, or potentially also down to 2%.
  • the preparation of ammonia synthesis gas by electrolysis has been described in various patents and patent applications.
  • a method for the anodic electrochemical synthesis of ammonia gas is described in US 2006/0049063.
  • the method comprises providing an electrolyte between an anode and a cathode, oxidizing negatively charged nitrogen-contaming species and negatively charged hydrogen-containing species present in the electrolyte at the anode to form adsorbed nitrogen species and hydrogen species, respectively, and reacting the adsorbed nitrogen species with the adsorbed hydrogen species to form ammonia.
  • ammonia is synthesized using electrochemical and non-electrochemical reactions.
  • the electrochemical reactions occur in an electrolytic cell having a lithium ion-conductive membrane that divides the electrochemical cell into an anolyte compartment and a catholyte compartment, the latter including a porous cathode closely associated with the lithium ion-conductive membrane.
  • WO 2008/154257 discloses a process for the production of ammonia that includes the production of nitrogen from the combustion of a stream of hydrogen mixed with air. Hydrogen used to produce the nitrogen for an ammonia combustion process may be generated from the electrolysis of water. Hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water may also be combined with nitrogen to produce ammonia.
  • Frattini et al. (Renewable Energy 99 (2016), 472-482) describe a system approach in energy evaluation of different renewable energy sources integrated in ammonia production plants. The impact of three different strategies for renewables integration and scale-up sustainability in the ammonia synthesis process was investigated using thermochemical simulations. For a complete evaluation of the benefits of the overall system, the balance of plant, the use of additional units and the equivalent greenhouse gas emissions have been considered.
  • Applicant's earlier patent application PCT/EP 2018/076616 concerns a method for generating ammonia synthesis gas by electrolysis, comprising feeding a mixture of steam and compressed air into the first of a series of electrolysis units and passing the outlet from one electrolysis unit to the inlet of the next electrolysis unit together with air.
  • the electrolysis units are run in endothermal mode, and the nitrogen part of the synthesis gas is provided by burning the hydrogen produced by steam electrolysis by air in or between the electrolysis units.
  • the electrolysis units are preferably solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) stacks.
  • the present invention provides a method for generating synthesis gas for ammonia production by electrolysis using SOEC stacks and a relatively small air separation step.
  • the method avoids using an energy intensive air separation unit for high purity nitrogen production (cryogenic, pressure swing adsorption or the like) by taking advantage of the ability of being operated in an endothermal mode, and it provides the necessary nitrogen by burning the refined air from the relatively small air separation step with hydrogen produced by steam electrolysis to remove the residual air.
  • the combustion of hydrogen and residual oxygen can take place inside the stacks or between separate stacks.
  • the invention relates to a method for generating ammonia synthesis gas by electrolysis, said method comprising the steps of:
  • the membrane unit is preferably a polymer membrane unit.
  • a ceramic membrane, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or temperature swing adsorption (TSA) can be used.

Abstract

In a method for generating ammonia synthesis gas by electrolysis, comprising the steps of compressing air and feeding it to an air separation process, in which the content of nitrogen is concentrated while the content of oxygen and CO2 is diluted, feeding a mixture of steam and the compressed and refined air into the electrolysis unit or into the first of a series of electrolysis units and passing the outlet from one electrolysis unit to the inlet of the next electrolysis unit, either together with air added after each electrolysis unit or only adding air after the last electrolysis unit, the electrolysis units are run in thermoneutral or endothermal mode and the nitrogen part of the synthesis gas is provided by burning the hydrogen produced by steam electrolysis by the refined air in or between the electrolysis units.

Description

  • The present invention relates to an improved process for generating synthesis gas for ammonia production.
  • A typical ammonia-producing plant first converts a desulfurized hydrocarbon gas, such as natural gas (i.e. methane) or LPG (a liquefied petroleum gas, such as propane and butane) or petroleum naphtha into gaseous hydrogen by steam reforming. The hydrogen is then combined with nitrogen to produce ammonia via the Haber-Bosch process

  • 3 H2+N2→2 NH3
  • Thus, the synthesis of ammonia (NH3) requires a synthesis gas (syngas) comprising hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2) in a suitable molar ratio of about 3:1.
  • Ammonia is one of the most widely produced chemicals, and it is synthesized directly using gaseous hydrogen and nitrogen as reactants without precursors or by-products. In its gaseous state, nitrogen is largely available as N2, and it is normally produced by separating it from atmospheric air. The production of hydrogen (H2) is still challenging and, for industrial synthesis of ammonia, it is most often obtained from steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas. Moreover, when air is used for reforming processes, N2 is also introduced, thus rendering the need for an air separation unit superfluous, but a clean-up process is necessary to remove oxygen-containing species, such as O2, CO, CO2 and H2O, in order to prevent the catalysts from being poisoned in the ammonia converter. Carbon dioxide is a product of SMR and can be separated and recovered inside the plant. Hydrogen production is therefore a critical process in ammonia synthesis, and a sustainable production of ammonia is desirable to reduce the consumption of a primary source, such as natural gas, and to avoid CO2 emissions from the process.
  • In an earlier patent application by the Applicant (PCT/EP 2018/076616, now published as WO 2019/072608 A1), a process is described wherein synthesis gas for ammonia production is prepared by electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) stacks without having to use air separation. That process uses a combination of water electrolysis and air combustion to facilitate high temperature electrolysis of steam, which effectively means that any oxygen in the water and air feed can be separated into a separate stream and an intermediate product of H2/N2 in a ratio which is suitable for ammonia production. The present invention can be seen as an enlarged embodiment of the process of PCT/EP2018/076616, in which the air fed to the SOEC stacks has gone through an air separation step upstream the SOEC stacks. The air separation is ideally carried out by using a membrane or alternatively by using pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or temperature swing adsorption (TSA). This way, part of the oxygen is removed from the air and less oxygen needs to be burned and subsequently separated in the SOEC.
  • This allows for a smaller stack area in the SOEC and an improved process integration.
  • The teaching of PCT/EP2018/076616 allows for producing ammonia synthesis gas purely from sustainable resources. By combining this with partial air separation, an improved process integration can be achieved, as the oxygen in the air feed can be balanced to exactly match the required steam production in the SOEC layout combined with the ammonia loop. In addition, the upstream air separation reduces the content of other impurities in the air, especially CO2.
  • By only doing partial air separation, the operating costs of the initial air separation step can be kept very low, as a high selectivity for oxygen rejection can be achieved in the separation step when the remaining oxygen content is left at say 15%, 10%, or even 5%, or potentially also down to 2%.
  • So far, the standard solution within this field has been to perform a two-step reforming front-end for an ammonia plant which is operated exclusively on fossil fuels.
  • The preparation of ammonia synthesis gas by electrolysis has been described in various patents and patent applications. Thus, a method for the anodic electrochemical synthesis of ammonia gas is described in US 2006/0049063. The method comprises providing an electrolyte between an anode and a cathode, oxidizing negatively charged nitrogen-contaming species and negatively charged hydrogen-containing species present in the electrolyte at the anode to form adsorbed nitrogen species and hydrogen species, respectively, and reacting the adsorbed nitrogen species with the adsorbed hydrogen species to form ammonia.
  • In US 2012/0241328, ammonia is synthesized using electrochemical and non-electrochemical reactions. The electrochemical reactions occur in an electrolytic cell having a lithium ion-conductive membrane that divides the electrochemical cell into an anolyte compartment and a catholyte compartment, the latter including a porous cathode closely associated with the lithium ion-conductive membrane.
  • WO 2008/154257 discloses a process for the production of ammonia that includes the production of nitrogen from the combustion of a stream of hydrogen mixed with air. Hydrogen used to produce the nitrogen for an ammonia combustion process may be generated from the electrolysis of water. Hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water may also be combined with nitrogen to produce ammonia.
  • So far, little attention has been paid to ammonia production using synthesis gas produced by electrolysis, especially generated using SOEC stacks. Recently, the design and analysis of a system for the production of “green” ammonia using electricity from renewable energy sources has been described (Applied Energy 192 (2017) 466-476). In this concept, solid oxide electrolysis (SOE) for hydrogen production is coupled with an improved Haber-Bosch reactor, and an air separator is included to supply pure nitrogen. An ammonia production with zero CO2 emission is said to be obtainable with a 40% power input reduction compared to equivalent plants.
  • A flexible concept for the synthesis of ammonia from intermittently generated H2 is described (Chem. Ing. Tech. 86 No. 5 (2014), 649-657) and compared to the widely discussed power-to-gas concepts on a technical and economical level. The electrolytic synthesis of ammonia in molten salts under atmospheric pressure has been described (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 No. 2 (2003), 334-335), in which a new electrochemical method with high current efficiency and lower temperatures than in the Haber-Bosch process is used. In this method, nitride ion (N3-), produced by the reduction of nitrogen gas at the cathode, is anodically oxidized and reacts with hydrogen to produce ammonia at the anode.
  • Frattini et al. (Renewable Energy 99 (2016), 472-482) describe a system approach in energy evaluation of different renewable energy sources integrated in ammonia production plants. The impact of three different strategies for renewables integration and scale-up sustainability in the ammonia synthesis process was investigated using thermochemical simulations. For a complete evaluation of the benefits of the overall system, the balance of plant, the use of additional units and the equivalent greenhouse gas emissions have been considered.
  • Pfromm (J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 9 (2017), 034702) describes and sums up the most recent state of the art and especially the renewed interest in fossil-free ammonia production and possible alternatives to the Haber Bosch process.
  • Wang et al. (AIChE Journal 63 No. 5 (2017), 1620-1637) deal with an ammonia-based energy storage system utilizing a pressurized reversible solid oxide fuel cell (R-SOFC) for power conversion, coupled with external ammonia synthesis and decomposition processes and a steam power cycle. Pure oxygen, produced as a side product in electrochemical water splitting, is used to drive the fuel cell.
  • Applicant's earlier patent application PCT/EP 2018/076616, mentioned above, concerns a method for generating ammonia synthesis gas by electrolysis, comprising feeding a mixture of steam and compressed air into the first of a series of electrolysis units and passing the outlet from one electrolysis unit to the inlet of the next electrolysis unit together with air. The electrolysis units are run in endothermal mode, and the nitrogen part of the synthesis gas is provided by burning the hydrogen produced by steam electrolysis by air in or between the electrolysis units. The electrolysis units are preferably solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) stacks.
  • The method according to PCT/EP 2018/076616, however, allows for producing ammonia synthesis gas from sustainable resources only. Now it has turned out that, by combining this method with partial air separation, an improved process integration can be achieved as the oxygen in the air feed can be balanced to exactly match the required steam production in the SOEC layout combined with the ammonia loop. In addition, the upstream air separation reduces the content of other impurities in the air, especially CO2. So, reducing the content of CO2 upstream the SOEC allows for a simplification of the process layout, because a potential CO/CO2 removal upstream the ammonia loop then may be avoided, or at least it can be much simplified.
  • So the present invention provides a method for generating synthesis gas for ammonia production by electrolysis using SOEC stacks and a relatively small air separation step. The method avoids using an energy intensive air separation unit for high purity nitrogen production (cryogenic, pressure swing adsorption or the like) by taking advantage of the ability of being operated in an endothermal mode, and it provides the necessary nitrogen by burning the refined air from the relatively small air separation step with hydrogen produced by steam electrolysis to remove the residual air. The combustion of hydrogen and residual oxygen can take place inside the stacks or between separate stacks.
  • More specifically, the invention relates to a method for generating ammonia synthesis gas by electrolysis, said method comprising the steps of:
      • compressing air and feeding it to an air separation process, in which the content of nitrogen is concentrated while the content of oxygen and CO2 is diluted,
      • feeding a mixture of steam and the compressed and refined air into the electrolysis unit or into the first of a series of electrolysis units and
      • passing the outlet from one electrolysis unit to the inlet of the next electrolysis unit, either together with air added after each electrolysis unit or only adding air after the last electrolysis unit,
        wherein the electrolysis units are run in thermoneutral or endothermal mode and the nitrogen part of the synthesis gas is provided by burning the hydrogen produced by steam electrolysis by the refined air in or between the electrolysis units.
  • The membrane unit is preferably a polymer membrane unit. Alternatively, a ceramic membrane, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or temperature swing adsorption (TSA) can be used.
  • The effect of using ambient air separation front-end using a membrane according to the invention is described in more detail in the following calculation examples.
    • EXAMPLE 1
  • It has been verified that an air separation membrane installed front-end of the SOEC gives a good synergy. A simple calculation using compressed air on one side of a membrane and non-compressed air as sweep gas on the other side indicates that the oxygen concentration in the feed air can be reduced from 21% to 4.1%. The calculation is based on feed air (21% O2 and 79% N2 plus 400 ppm CO2) at 10 barg (10 kNm3/h) and a sweep gas (air, i.e. 21% O2 and 79% N2 plus 400 ppm CO2) at 0.5 barg (10 kNm3/h). The resulting feed air to the SOEC (6.7 kNm3/h) at 9 barg consists of 4.1% O2 and 95.9% N2.
    • EXAMPLE 2
  • Since CO2 permeates approximately 30 times faster than N2, a membrane will be able to separate off CO2 effectively. At 30 bar, the calculation would look like this (dependent of the desired O2 concentration): Based on feed air (21% O2 and 79% N2 plus 400 ppm CO2) at 30 bar and a sweep gas (air, i.e. 21% O2 and 79% N2 plus 400 ppm CO2) at 0.5 bar, the resulting feed air to the SOEC at 30 bar would consist of 3.3% O2 and 96.6% N2 plus 20 ppm CO2.

Claims (3)

1. A method for generating ammonia synthesis gas by electrolysis, said method comprising the steps of:
compressing air and feeding it to an air separation process, in which the content of nitrogen is concentrated while the content of oxygen and CO2 is diluted,
feeding a mixture of steam and the compressed and refined air into the electrolysis unit or into the first of a series of electrolysis units and
passing the outlet from one electrolysis unit to the inlet of the next electrolysis unit, either together with air added after each electrolysis unit or only adding air after the last electrolysis unit,
wherein the electrolysis units are run in thermoneutral or endothermal mode and the nitrogen part of the synthesis gas is provided by burning the hydrogen produced by steam electrolysis by the refined air in or between the electrolysis units.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the air separation process comprises a polymer membrane unit or a ceramic membrane.
3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the air separation process comprises a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit or a temperature swing adsorption (TSA) unit.
US17/421,458 2019-04-05 2020-03-31 Ambient air separation and soec front-end for ammonia synthesis gas production Pending US20220081785A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201900424 2019-04-05
DKPA201900424 2019-04-05
PCT/EP2020/059119 WO2020201282A1 (en) 2019-04-05 2020-03-31 Ambient air separation and soec front-end for ammonia synthesis gas production

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20220081785A1 true US20220081785A1 (en) 2022-03-17

Family

ID=70058396

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/421,458 Pending US20220081785A1 (en) 2019-04-05 2020-03-31 Ambient air separation and soec front-end for ammonia synthesis gas production

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20220081785A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3947780A1 (en)
CN (1) CN113423869A (en)
AR (1) AR118564A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2020254955A1 (en)
CL (1) CL2021002472A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2020201282A1 (en)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1386760A (en) * 1912-09-14 1921-08-09 Chemical Foundation Inc Process and means relating to the production of ammonia
US5348592A (en) * 1993-02-01 1994-09-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method of producing nitrogen-hydrogen atmospheres for metals processing
US20080311022A1 (en) * 2007-06-14 2008-12-18 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Methods and apparatuses for ammonia production
US8623313B2 (en) * 2009-01-09 2014-01-07 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Ammonia synthesis process
US20150004510A1 (en) * 2012-01-09 2015-01-01 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Ene Alt High temperature steam electrolysis facility (htse) with allothermal hydrogen production

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7314544B2 (en) 2004-09-07 2008-01-01 Lynntech, Inc. Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia
EP2688841B1 (en) 2011-03-23 2016-01-06 Ceramatec, Inc Ammonia synthesis using lithium ion conductive membrane
EP2589426B1 (en) * 2011-11-02 2016-06-08 Casale Sa Method for removing nitrogen oxides from combustion fumes with on-site generation of ammonia
CN105836759A (en) * 2016-05-04 2016-08-10 陈志强 Ammonia carbon-free synthesis system by means of nuclear energy and method thereof
AU2016101434A4 (en) * 2016-08-10 2016-09-08 Cooper, James MR High Temperature Electrolysis plus Haber Bosch for Renewable Ammonia Exports
UA126930C2 (en) 2017-10-11 2023-02-22 Хальдор Топсьое А/С A method for generating synthesis gas for ammonia production

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1386760A (en) * 1912-09-14 1921-08-09 Chemical Foundation Inc Process and means relating to the production of ammonia
US5348592A (en) * 1993-02-01 1994-09-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method of producing nitrogen-hydrogen atmospheres for metals processing
US20080311022A1 (en) * 2007-06-14 2008-12-18 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Methods and apparatuses for ammonia production
US8623313B2 (en) * 2009-01-09 2014-01-07 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Ammonia synthesis process
US20150004510A1 (en) * 2012-01-09 2015-01-01 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Ene Alt High temperature steam electrolysis facility (htse) with allothermal hydrogen production

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Cinti et al, "Coupling Solid Oxide Electrolyser (SOE) and ammonia production plant", 16 September 2016, Applied Energy, 192, 466-476. (Year: 2016) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR118564A1 (en) 2021-10-20
CL2021002472A1 (en) 2022-06-24
WO2020201282A1 (en) 2020-10-08
CN113423869A (en) 2021-09-21
AU2020254955A1 (en) 2021-07-29
EP3947780A1 (en) 2022-02-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11932951B2 (en) Method for generating synthesis gas for ammonia production
US11370658B2 (en) Method for the preparation of ammonia synthesis gas
EP3419929B1 (en) Carbon monoxide production process optimized by soec
US11560633B2 (en) Electrochemical production of carbon monoxide and/or syngas
US20230061332A1 (en) Method for co-production of decarbonized methanol and ammonia
JP6603607B2 (en) Methanol synthesis system
CA3022543A1 (en) Carbon dioxide capturing steam methane reformer
US20230046387A1 (en) Method and plant for producing hydrogen
US20210214849A1 (en) Expander for soec applications
US20220081785A1 (en) Ambient air separation and soec front-end for ammonia synthesis gas production
US20240059637A1 (en) Process and plant for producing methanol and synthesis gas
EA040722B1 (en) METHOD FOR PRODUCING METHANOL FROM GAS HYDROCARBONS

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: HALDOR TOPSOEE A/S, DENMARK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MORTENSEN, PETER MOELGAARD;HANSEN, JOHN BOEGILD;SIGNING DATES FROM 20210902 TO 20210920;REEL/FRAME:057527/0724

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED