US20210261814A1 - Water soluble or dispersible composition - Google Patents

Water soluble or dispersible composition Download PDF

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US20210261814A1
US20210261814A1 US17/261,800 US201917261800A US2021261814A1 US 20210261814 A1 US20210261814 A1 US 20210261814A1 US 201917261800 A US201917261800 A US 201917261800A US 2021261814 A1 US2021261814 A1 US 2021261814A1
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composition
hydrophobic groups
aqueous
end capped
glycol
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Kelly anne BRUSCH
Venkataram Krishnan
Grzegorz STOKLOSA
Zeena Kottukapally Cherian
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Hercules LLC
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Hercules LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D171/00—Coating compositions based on polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D171/02—Polyalkylene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C09D133/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
    • C08G65/337—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing other elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C09D133/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
    • C09D133/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
    • C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/42—Gloss-reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/43—Thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic

Definitions

  • the presently disclosed process(es), procedure(s), method(s), product(s), result(s), and/or concept(s) (collectively referred to hereinafter as the “present disclosure”) relates generally to a water soluble or dispersible composition comprising a hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol having mono- and di-end capped hydrophobic groups. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to applications thereof in various industrial areas such as coatings.
  • Thickeners Water-soluble polymers
  • Thickeners are widely used in many industrial water-borne systems as additives to modify their flow behavior. Thickeners increase and maintain viscosity at required levels under specified processing conditions and end use situations. Thickeners are useful, for example, in decorative and protective coatings, paper coatings, cosmetics and personal care products, detergents, pharmaceuticals, adhesives and sealants, agricultural formulations, and petroleum drilling fluids.
  • synthetic associative thickeners have increased in importance, particularly in controlling the rheology of waterborne coatings and latex paints. Since synthetic associative thickeners are prepared from basic chemicals, they can be prepared with certain properties in mind. In other words, synthetic associative thickeners can be tailored for desired and/or targeted properties from the ground up. Synthetic associative thickeners serve several roles in aqueous systems. For instance, in latex paints and waterborne coatings, the thickener can provide improved stability and pigment suspension, as well as improved rheological and application properties. In personal care products, the thickeners can provide improved body, feel, smoothness, and richness of the product, making the product aesthetically more pleasing.
  • Rheology modifiers used in water borne coatings or paints can control viscosity over a wide shear rate range. They are typically classified and referred as low-, mid- and high-shear rate viscosity builders.
  • a low-shear rate viscosity builder is used when paint is stored in a can and/or immediately after it has been applied to a substrate. Sufficient low-shear viscosity builder is needed to resist pigment settling and film sag but to provide the required leveling of the applied film paint. Brookfield viscosity is a common measure of paint's low-shear viscosity.
  • a mid-shear viscosity builder is used when paint is stirring, pouring, and sometimes pumping.
  • the mid-shear viscosity builder facilitates good in-can appearance and handling properties and may also affect spattering.
  • Common measures of the mid-shear viscosity include Stormer viscosity, Brookfield viscosity at high rpm and Rotothinner viscosity.
  • the Stormer viscosity is expressed as Kreb Units (KU).
  • KU viscosity builder a rheology modifier providing a mid-shear viscosity is often referred as a “KU viscosity builder.”
  • a high-shear viscosity builder is used when paint is used for brushing, rolling and spraying.
  • the high-shear viscosity builder influences brush and roller drag as well as film build, thus contributes to hiding.
  • the high-shear viscosity is often measured using a cone-plate viscometer including a standard ICI viscometer.
  • a rheology modifier that offers a good high-shear viscosity is often referred to as a “ICI viscosity builder.”
  • a coating formulator must optimize for sag and flow as well as maintaining or improving other paint properties such as hiding with a minimum number of coats, open time extension, syneresis resistance, roller and brush application properties, and stain resistance.
  • ICI viscosity and the efficiency of ICI building rheology modifiers without concomitant increase in KU viscosity because an increase in KU viscosity limits the formulator's ability to add a KU building rheology modifier to the formulation.
  • a formulation with insufficient KU building rheology modifier added can exhibit poor resistance to sagging and dripping when applied to the substrate. It is also desirable to use one rheology modifier to optimize the paint performance through a range of shear rate.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the ICI viscosities for Polymers A-N.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the Stormer viscosities for Polymers A-N.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the viscosity of paints versus shear rate for Polymers A-N.
  • the designated value may vary by plus or minus twelve percent, or eleven percent, or ten percent, or nine percent, or eight percent, or seven percent, or six percent, or five percent, or four percent, or three percent, or two percent, or one percent.
  • the use of the term “at least one” will be understood to include one as well as any quantity more than one, including but not limited to, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, etc.
  • the term “at least one” may extend up to 100 or 1000 or more depending on the term to which it is attached. In addition, the quantities of 100/1000 are not to be considered limiting as lower or higher limits may also produce satisfactory results.
  • the words “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “includes” and “include”) or “containing” (and any form of containing, such as “contains” and “contain”) are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.
  • the terms “or combinations thereof” and “and/or combinations thereof” as used herein refer to all permutations and combinations of the listed items preceding the term.
  • A, B, C, or combinations thereof is intended to include at least one of: A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC and, if order is important in a particular context, also BA, CA, CB, CBA, BCA, ACB, BAC, or CAB.
  • expressly included are combinations that contain repeats of one or more items or terms, such as BB, AAA, AAB, BBC, AAABCCCC, CBBAAA, CABABB, and so forth.
  • BB BB
  • AAA AAA
  • AAB BBC
  • AAABCCCCCC CBBAAA
  • CABABB CABABB
  • alkyl refers to a saturated linear or branched hydrocarbon group of 1 to 50 carbons.
  • alkylene refers to an unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon group of 1 to 50 carbon atoms with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
  • aryl refers to a mono- or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon group including carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic groups.
  • the term “monomer” refers to a small molecule that chemically bonds during polymerization to one or more monomers of the same or different kind to form a polymer.
  • polymer refers to a large molecule comprising one or more types of monomer residues (repeating units) connected by covalent chemical bonds.
  • polymer encompasses compounds wherein the number of monomer units may range from very few, which more commonly may be called as oligomers, to very many.
  • Non-limiting examples of polymers include homopolymers, and non-homopolymers such as copolymers, terpolymers, tetrapolymers and the higher analogues.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a water soluble or dispersible composition
  • the di-end capped hydrophobic groups comprises at least 50%, or at least 55%, or at least 60%, or at least 65%, or at least 70%, or from about 70% to about 98% by weight based on the total weight of the end capped hydrophobic groups.
  • a weight average molecular weight of the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol can be in a range of from about 500 to about 2,000,000 Daltons, or from about 500 to about 50,000 Daltons, or from about 1,000 to about 1,500,000 Daltons, or from about 1,000 to about 40,000 Daltons, or from about 3,000 to about 30,000 Daltons, or from about 5,000 to about 1,000,000 Daltons, or from about 15,000 to about 500,000 Daltons, or from about 20,000 to about 100,000 Daltons.
  • Suitable polyalkylene glycol can include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), polybutylene glycol and polytetrahydrofuran.
  • the polyalkylene glycol can also be a copolymer of at least two alkylene oxides which can be selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxides.
  • the copolymer can be polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol.
  • the polyalkylene glycol is polyethylene glycol (PEG).
  • PEGs are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are commercially available over a wide range of number average molecular weights from about 300 to about 10,000,000 Daltons.
  • the molecular weights of the PEGs used in the present disclosure can be varied from about 1,000 to about 5,000,000 Daltons, or from about 2,000 to about 2,000,000 Daltons, or from about 3,000 to about 1,000,000 Daltons, or from about 5,000 to about 60,000 Daltons.
  • Polyethylene glycol can include commercial products, for example but not by way of the limitation, Polyethylene Glycol 200, Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polyethylene Glycol 400, Polyethylene Glycol 600, Polyethylene Glycol 1,000, Polyethylene Glycol 1,500, Polyethylene Glycol 2,000, Polyethylene Glycol 3,000, Polyethylene Glycol 3,350, Polyethylene Glycol 4,000, Polyethylene Glycol 4,600, Polyethylene Glycol 6,000, Polyethylene Glycol 8,000, Polyethylene Glycol 10,000, Polyethylene Glycol 12,000, Polyethylene Glycol 20,000, Polyethylene Glycol 35,000, and Polyethylene Glycol 40,000 that are commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich; and Polyglykol 400, Polyglykol 600, Polyglykol 4,000S, Polyglykol 8,000S, Polyglykol 9,000S, Polyglykol 20,000S, and Polyglykol 35,000S that are commercially available from Clariant.
  • Polyethylene Glycol 200 Polyethylene Glycol 300, Polyethylene Glycol 400
  • polypropylene glycol can include, but are not limited to, Poly(propylene glycol) 425, Poly(propylene glycol) 725, Poly(propylene glycol) 1,000, Poly(propylene glycol) 2,000, Poly(propylene glycol) 2,700 and Poly(propylene glycol) 4,000, which are all commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich.
  • a weight ratio of PPG/PEG can be varied at about 80:20 to about 3:97, or about 70:30 to about 5:95, or about 50:50 to about 10:90.
  • Examples of polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol can include, but are not limited to, Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly-(propylene glycol)-block-poly-(ethylene glycol) having M n 8,400, commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich.
  • polytetrahydrofuran can include, but are not limited to, Polytetrahydrofuran 250, Polytetrahydrofuran 650, Polytetrahydrofuran 1,000, Polytetrahydrofuran 2,000, and Polytetrahydrofuran 2,900, which are all commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich.
  • the hydrophobic groups can be either the same or different molecules and can be selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloaliphatic, perfluoroalkyl, carbosilyl, polycyclic groups, and complex dendritic.
  • the hydrophobic groups may comprise at least one heteroatom including nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus. These hydrophobic groups can be either saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear.
  • the upper limit of the number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic groups can be 40 carbons, or 27 carbons, or 22 carbons or 18 carbons; the lower limit of the number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic groups can be 1 carbon, or 4 carbons, or 8 carbons, or 10 carbons, or 12 carbons.
  • the hydrophobic groups are independently selected from alkyl, perfluoroalkyl and carbosilyl, the carbon range can be varied from 1 to 40 carbons, or 4 to 24 carbons, or 6 to 20 carbons, or 8 to 16 carbons, or 10 to 16 carbons.
  • the hydrophobic groups are aryl, arylalkyl, cycloaliphatic, and polycyclic groups, the carbon range is 3 to 40, or 6 to 29 carbons, or 14 to 25 carbons.
  • the hydrophobic group can be alkyl having 1 to 40 carbons, or 4 to 24 carbons, or 6 to 20 carbons, or 8 to 16 carbons, or 10 to 16 carbons.
  • Specific examples of the hydrophobic groups can include, but are not limited to, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl groups.
  • the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols can comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%, or from about 0.4% to about 8%, or from about 0.8% to about 5% by weight of the hydrophobic groups based on the total weight of the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols.
  • the hydrophobic agent can be alkyl halides and/or monoepoxides.
  • alkyl halides can include, but are not limited to, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromohexane, 1-bromoheptane, 1-bromooctane, 1-bromodecane, 1-bromododecane, 1-bromotetradecane, 1-bromohexadecane, 1-bromooctadecane, and 1-bromodocosane.
  • Examples of the monoepoxides can include, but are not limited to, allylglycidyl ether (AGE), 2-Ethylhexylglycidyl ether (EHGE), hexadecylglycidyl ether (HAGE-13, commercially available from Sachem), Oxirane [(Docosyloxy), methyl] (HAGE-22, commercially available from Sachem), naphthylglycidyl ether (NGE), n-butylglycidyl ether (n-BGE), iso-Butylglycidyl ether (iso-BGE), and CarduraTM E10P glycidyl ether and glycidyl ester of VersaticTM acid 10 (Hexion).
  • AGE allylglycidyl ether
  • EHGE 2-Ethylhexylglycidyl ether
  • HAGE-13 commercially available from Sachem
  • the water soluble or dispersible composition comprising the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol can be used as a rheology modifier in coatings.
  • the water soluble or dispersible composition can also include other rheology modifiers comprising a polysaccharide or its derivatives.
  • the polysaccharide and its derivatives can be selected from a group consisting of cellulosics, chitins, chitosans, starches, galactomannans and their derivatives.
  • the cellulose derivative is cellulose ether including hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, methylhydroxyethyl cellulose, methylhydroxypropyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • guar derivatives can include, but are not limited to, carboxymethyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar, cationic hydroxypropyl guar, hydroxyalkyl guar such as hydroxyethyl guar, hydroxypropyl guar, and hydroxybutyl guar, carboxylalkyl guars such as carboxymethyl guar, carboxylpropyl guar, carboxybutyl guar, and the like.
  • the present disclosure also relates to an aqueous protective coating composition
  • a hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol is the same as those described previously.
  • the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol is the same as those described previously.
  • a wide variety of the latex polymers can be used in the aqueous protective coating composition of the present disclosure. They can be made by polymerization of various ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as ethylene, vinyl, and acrylic monomers. Oftentimes, latex polymers are made by copolymerizing more than one monomer to achieve several desired properties, particularly for applications in latex paints with very little or no volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  • VOCs volatile organic compounds
  • the latex polymer used in the aqueous protective coating composition can include, but are not limited to, homo- or co-polymers of vinyl acetate, methacrylic acid, methylacrylate, methylmethacrylate, ethylacrylate, butyl acrylate, styrene, ethylene, vinyl chloride, vinyl ester of versatic acid (VeoVa), vinyl propionate, butadiene, acrylonitrile, maleates, and fumarates.
  • the latex polymer is selected from the group consisting of acrylics, vinyl-acrylics and styrene-acrylics.
  • Latex polymers can include, but are not limited to, alkyds, cellulosics (cellulose nitrate and cellulose esters), coumarone-indenes, epoxies, esters, hydrocarbons, melamines, natural resins, oleo resins, phenolics, polyamides, polyesters, rosins, silicones, terpenes, ureas, urethanes, vinyls, and the like.
  • the aqueous protective coating composition can further comprise a pigment, a coalescent, a solvent, a wetting agent, a defoamer, a matting agent, a dispersant, a thickener, a biocide, a mildewcide, and a surfactant.
  • the aqueous protective coating composition may optionally contain other components such as those generally used in such compositions.
  • Typical components include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: fillers, dryers, flattening agents, plasticizers, stabilizers, viscosifiers, suspension agents, flow control agents, anti-skinning agents, extenders, filming aids, cross-linkers, surface improvers, corrosion inhibitors, leveling aids, surface improvers, humectants/wet-edge agents (e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and hexylene glycol), pH modifiers, and other ingredients useful in aqueous protective coating compositions.
  • fillers dryers, flattening agents, plasticizers, stabilizers, viscosifiers, suspension agents, flow control agents, anti-skinning agents, extenders, filming aids, cross-linkers, surface improvers, corrosion inhibitors, leveling aids, surface improvers, humectants/wet-edge agents (e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and hexylene glycol), pH
  • pigments can include, but are not limited to, carbazole dioxazine crude pigment, azo, monoazo, disazo, naphthol AS, salt type (lakes), benzimidazolone, condensation, metal complex, isoindolinone, isoindoline and polycyclic phthalocyanine, quinacridone, perylene, perinone, diketopyrrolo pyrrole, thioindigo, anthraquinone, indanthrone, anthrapyrimidine, flavanthrone, pyranthrone, anthanthrone, dioxazine, triarylcarbonium, quinophthalone pigments, diketo pyrrolo pyrrole red (“DPPBO red”), titanium dioxide, carbon black, barium sulfate, calcium silicate, zinc oxide, magnesium aluminum silicate, precipitated calcium carbonate, ground calcium carbonate, kaolin, talc, clay, barium sulfate, glass beads, calcium
  • titanium dioxide grades used in the aqueous protective coating composition are surface modified with various inorganic oxides, such as silicates, aluminates, and zirconates.
  • inorganic oxides such as silicates, aluminates, and zirconates.
  • Aluminum silicate, nepeline syenite, mica, calcium carbonate, and/or diatomaceous earth can also be employed.
  • the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol of the present disclosure can be applied as a high-shear rate builder to increase ICI viscosity without concomitant increase in KU viscosity.
  • the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol can be characterized by the following formula:
  • Ef is an efficiency factor
  • Dicap % is a weight percentage of the di-end capped hydrophobic groups based on the total end capped hydrophobic groups
  • PEG M n is a number average molecular weight of PEG for making the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol.
  • Ef can be varied from about 5 to about 15,000, or from about 25 to about 13,000, or from about 550 to about 13,000.
  • a mixture of the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols comprising different types of hydrophobic groups can also be used to adjust the viscosities to meet the requirements for coating formulations. For example, it was surprising to find that by incorporating a mixture comprising at least two hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols having different types of hydrophobic groups into water-borne coatings and independently adjusting the amounts of the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols, the Stormer viscosity and ICI viscosity of coatings can be significantly enhanced. By selecting appropriate hydrophobic groups and their amounts grafted onto polyalkylene glycol base polymers, a balance of the Stormer viscosity and ICI viscosity can be achieved in water-borne coatings.
  • These mixed hydrophobic ally modified polymer systems may comprise blends of at least two hydrophobically modified polymers thereby allowing coating formulators to tailor the balance of Stormer and ICI viscosities and other rheological properties, such as flow, leveling, spatter resistance and ability to suspend the dispersed phase of the coating composition.
  • the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols can comprise mixed alkyl and/or alkylene hydrophobic groups.
  • the alkyl and/or alkylene groups can comprise from 4 to 22 carbons, or from 6 to 18 carbons, or from 8 to 16 carbons.
  • the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols can comprise mixed aryl, arylalkyl, cycloaliphatic and polycyclic hydrophobic groups that can comprise from 3 to 40 carbons, or from 6 to 29 carbons, for from 14 to 25 carbons.
  • the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols can comprise mixed alkyl, or alkylene aryl, arylalkyl, cycloaliphatic and polycyclic hydrophobic groups.
  • a weight ratio of the two different types of hydrophobic groups can be varied from about 25:1 to about 1:25, or from about 10:1 to about 1:10, or from about 5:1 to about 1:5.
  • the amount of the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols used in the aqueous protective coating composition of the present disclosure is the amount effective in providing the desired thickening and rheological properties to the coating composition.
  • the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol can be used in a range of about 0.1 to about 5 wt %, or in a range of about 0.1 to about 3 wt %, or from about 0.2 to about 3 wt %, or from about 1 wt % to about 3 wt % of the total aqueous protective composition.
  • PEG Polyethylene glycol NaOH: Sodium hydroxide
  • a reactor was charged with PEG and NaOH. The contents of the reactor were mixed for TIME1 under vacuum of 29 in. Hg while the temperature was increased to TEMP1. The vacuum was turned off and the temperature was adjusted to TEMP2. Water was added and the contents of the reactor were mixed for TIME2. The temperature was adjusted to TEMP3 and alkyl halide was added in one portion. The temperature was adjusted to TEMP4. Once at TEMP4, the contents of the reactor were mixed for TIME3. The contents of the reactor were mixed for TIME4 at TEMP4 under 29 in. Hg for making Polymers A, D, and H-K. No vacuum was applied for making Polymers C, E, F, G and L-N. The contents of the reactor were discharged and allowed to cool to 20-25° C.
  • Table 1 lists the amounts of the reactants and Table 2 lists the reaction conditions for making the solid Polymers A and C-N, wherein the unit for the TIME is a minute and for the TEMP is a degree of Celsius.
  • a reactor was charged with 2,700 g C12 9K PEG and 98 g NaOH. The contents of the reactor were mixed for about 37 minutes under vacuum of 29 in. Hg while the temperature was increased to about 90° C. The vacuum was turned off and the temperature was adjusted to about 90° C. 2.95 g water was added and the contents of the reactor were mixed for about 17 minutes. The temperature was adjusted to about 90° C. and 268.5 g C12 Br was added over 30 minutes while adjusting the temperature to about 120° C. Once at 120° C., the contents of the reactor were mixed for about 60 minutes. The contents of the reactor were discharged and allowed to cool to 20-25° C. to give solid Polymer B.
  • a reactor was charged with PEG and NaOH. The contents of the reactor were mixed for TIME1 under vacuum of 29 in. Hg while the temperature was increased to TEMP1. The vacuum was turned off and the temperature was adjusted to TEMP2. Water was added and the contents of the reactor were mixed for TIME2. The temperature was adjusted to TEMP3 and alkyl halide was added over 30-40 minutes. The temperature was adjusted to TEMP4. Once at TEMP4, the contents of the reactor were mixed for TIME3. The contents of the reactor were mixed for TIME4 at TEMP4 under 29 in. Hg for making Polymers O-Q. No vacuum was applied for making Polymers R-T. The contents of the reactor were discharged and allowed to cool to 20-25° C. to give solid Polymers O-T. Table 1 lists the amounts of reactants and Table 2 lists the reaction conditions for making the solid Polymers O-T, wherein the unit for TIME is a minute and for the TEMP is a degree of Celsius.
  • HPLC HPLC was used for determining the degree of hydrophobic endcapping.
  • An Agilent 1200 Series Quaternary LC System and OpenLAB Chromatography Data System commercially available from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, Calif.), were used under reversed-phase conditions with a water/acetonitrile gradient and evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD).
  • ELSD evaporative light scattering detection
  • Polyethylene glycol (PEG), monocapped PEG and dicapped PEG were estimated by normalized area percent.
  • Samples were prepared by weighing ⁇ 100 mg of polymer sample. HPLC methanol (nominally 10 mL) and 2 drops of concentrated phosphoric acid were added. The samples were vortexed and/or gently heated ( ⁇ 50° C.) until dissolved in solution.
  • Endcapping is reported as normalized area percent of the PEG, monocapped PEG and dicapped PEG peaks.
  • SEC was used for measuring polymer molecular weight distributions. AllianceTM HPLC System and EmpowerTM Chromatography Data System, commercially available from the Waters Corporation (Milford, Mass.) were used to measure the molecular weights.
  • molecular weight, average molecular weight, mean molecular weight, and apparent molecular weight refer to the arithmetic mean of the molecular weight of individual macromolecules as measured by SEC.
  • the relative molecular weight averages from the SEC were calculated versus poly(ethylene glycol/ethylene oxide) (PEG/PEO) standards with narrow molecular weight distribution.
  • PEG/PEO poly(ethylene glycol/ethylene oxide)
  • DRI differential refractive index
  • Table 3 lists the characterization data of Solid Polymers A-N.
  • Table 4 lists the characterization of data of Solid Polymers O-T.
  • Aqueous polymer solutions having 20.00 wt % of solid polymers were prepared by neutralizing the polymers obtained from Examples 1 and 2 in water using acetic acid. After neutralization, 0.50 wt % Acticide MBS® biocide (a mixture of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (2.50%) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (2.50%), commercially available from Thor Group Limited); different amounts of Sag* 47 foam control agent, commercially available from Momentiv Performance Materials, and beta cyclodextrin (also known as CAVAMAX® W7), commercially available from Wacker Fine Chemicals, were added to each aqueous polymer solution to provide the aqueous polymer solution having 20.00 wt % of solid polymer.
  • Acticide MBS® biocide a mixture of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (2.50%) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (2.50%), commercially available from Thor Group Limited
  • Viscosities of the aqueous polymer solutions having 20.00 wt % of solid polymer were measured using Brookfield Viscometer with LV spindle #4 at 30 rpm and 25° C.
  • the amounts of Sag* 47, beta cyclodextrin, and Brookfield viscosities are listed in Table 5.
  • Aqueous polymer solutions having 20.00 wt % of solid polymers were prepared by neutralizing the polymers obtained from Example 3 in water using acetic acid. After neutralization, either 0.50 wt % Acticide MBS® biocide or a combination of 0.10% Vantocil 1B® biocide, commercially available from Lonza Group, and 0.02% Biosperse CN7539 biocide, commercially available from Solenis were added. Additionally, either 0.04 wt % DrewplusTM L-1513 foam control agent, commercially available from Ashland, or 0.04 wt % of Sag* 47 foam control agent were added.
  • methyl beta cyclodextrin also known as CAVOSOL® W7 M TL
  • Wacker Fine Chemicals was added to the aqueous polymer solution to provide the aqueous polymer solution having 20.00 wt % of solid polymer.
  • Viscosities of the aqueous polymer solutions having 20.00 wt % of solid polymer were measured using Brookfield Viscometer with either LV spindle #3 or #4 at 30 rpm and 25° C.
  • Table 7A and Table 7B list a grind formulation and a letdown formulation, respectively.
  • Tamol TM 731A Sodium salt of a maleic anhydride copolymer, commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company.
  • Dextrol TM OC-180 HS Neutralized (potassium salt) form of an ethoxylated aliphatic alcohol phosphate ester, commercially available from Ashland Inc.
  • Drewplus TM T-4304 A defoamer, commercially available from Ashland Inc.
  • Strodex TM PK-95G Neutralized (potassium salt) form of a phosphate coester of aliphatic alcohols, commercially available from Ashland Inc.
  • Ti-Pure TM R-706 Titanium dioxide, commercially available from Chemours Titanium Technologies.
  • Minex ® 7 Micronized functional filler having a median particle size of 3.5 microns, commercially available from The Cary Company.
  • Min-U-gel ® 400 A hydrous magnesium aluminum silicate, commercially available from Active Minerals International, LLC.
  • Polyphase® 678 a fungicide, commercially available from Troy Corporation.
  • Thickening efficiency was measured by adding 5.3 g of water and 2.0 g of the aqueous polymer solutions listed in Table 5 into 66.4 g of the base paint obtained by mixing the formulations listed in Tables 7A and 7B.
  • the thickening efficiency was measured by Brookfield Viscosity, Stormer Viscosity (KU) and ICI Viscosity as described below. The results are listed in Table 8.
  • Brookfield Viscosity was measured using a Brookfield viscometer with spindle #5 at 30 RPM and 25° C. It is expressed in mPa ⁇ s.
  • ICI Viscosity was measured using an ICI cone and plate viscometer as per the standard test method ASTM D4287. It is expressed in mPa ⁇ s.
  • AquaflowTM XLS 530 (a solvent free nonionic synthetic associative, commercially available from Ashland LLC.) and each aqueous polymer solution having 20 wt % solid polymers listed in Table 5 along with water were added into the letdown formulation in Table 7B. The coatings were then prepared by mixing the grind and the letdown formulations. The dosages of AquaflowTM XLS 530, each aqueous polymer solution having 20 wt % solid polymers and water were adjusted to achieve a Stormer viscosity between 100 and 125 KU units and an ICI viscosity between 95 and 150 mPa ⁇ s for measuring the performance of the coatings described below. The results are listed in Table 9.
  • Sag Resistance was measured on a Leneta chart as per the standard test method ASTM D4400 using a mid-range bar.
  • Wet film thickness (WFT) in mils above which sag occurs was measured.
  • Gloss was measured using a BYK Gardner Micro-Tri-Gloss meter as per ASTM D523. Gloss at 60° was reported.
  • Contrast ratio is the ratio of the reflectance of the surface of the dry paint film coated over a black substrate (Y b ) over a white substrate (Y w ). A higher contrast ratio indicates higher opacity and higher hiding power of paints.

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