US20210260641A1 - Method for producing a component and tool therefor - Google Patents

Method for producing a component and tool therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20210260641A1
US20210260641A1 US16/644,396 US201716644396A US2021260641A1 US 20210260641 A1 US20210260641 A1 US 20210260641A1 US 201716644396 A US201716644396 A US 201716644396A US 2021260641 A1 US2021260641 A1 US 2021260641A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
region
tool
punch
component
female die
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US16/644,396
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael Bruggenbrock
Thomas Flehmig
Martin Kibben
Jorg Gorschluter
Daniel Nierhoff
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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Assigned to THYSSENKRUPP AG, THYSSENKRUPP STEEL EUROPE AG reassignment THYSSENKRUPP AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FLEHMIG, THOMAS, DR., Nierhoff, Daniel, BRÜGGENBROCK, Michael, GORSCHLUTER, JORG, KIBBEN, MARTIN
Publication of US20210260641A1 publication Critical patent/US20210260641A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/21—Deep-drawing without fixing the border of the blank
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/30—Deep-drawing to finish articles formed by deep-drawing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a component having a bottom region, optionally a bottom-body transition region, optionally a body region, optionally a body-flange transition region and optionally a flange region, wherein a semifinished product made of a plastically deformable material is provided, wherein the semifinished product has a longitudinal extent and a transverse extent having a circumferential edge contour having a parting surface, wherein the semifinished product is processed in one or more stages in one or more tools to produce the component.
  • the invention relates to a tool for producing a component.
  • the hard component which can have a hardness of >450 HV, wherein HV corresponds to the Vickers hardness and is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6507-1:2005 to ⁇ 4:2005, in which high cutting forces and, associated therewith, expensive, large-size, rigid tools are required.
  • HV corresponds to the Vickers hardness and is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6507-1:2005 to ⁇ 4:2005, in which high cutting forces and, associated therewith, expensive, large-size, rigid tools are required.
  • the tendency for high wear and the risk of local tool fractures in the case of mechanical trimming tools entail high maintenance costs.
  • hot or warm trimming integrated into the press hardening tool can be performed during or after forming.
  • the fact that the component is in the soft, not yet hardened state and, as a result, only small cutting forces are required for trimming has an advantageous effect in this process.
  • the challenge here is trimming waste management since hot forming presses generally do not have trimming waste wells and the trimming waste must thus be transported out of the tool with the component.
  • this object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1 .
  • plastically deformable materials are used as a semifinished product, in particular metallic materials such as steel, aluminum, magnesium, but also thermoplastics or material composites, wherein the semifinished product has a longitudinal extent and a transverse extent having a circumferential edge contour having a parting surface.
  • a parting surface or parting surfaces is/are intended to mean the cut edge or cut edges of a semifinished product which, in turn, defines/define the circumferential edge contour of the semifinished product.
  • Precut blanks in particular sheet-metal precut blanks which substantially form a two dimensional basic shape (development) of the subsequent three dimensionally shaped component, are referred to as shaped blanks.
  • the semifinished product is provided as a shaped blank or precut blank, in particular sheet-metal precut blank.
  • the semifinished product is processed in one or more stages in one or more tools to produce a component.
  • the parting surface is in contact with the tool at least temporarily, in particular during or after the processing of the semifinished product to produce the component, and at least in some section or sections.
  • the processing of the semifinished product to produce the component comprises shaping at least in some region or regions, upsetting at least in some region or regions, and/or elongation at least in some region or regions, which is carried out in one or more stages in one or more tools.
  • a component with an accurately repeatable and dimensionally accurate edge contour is produced in that, in the end position of the tool, the material is converted or sized to give the desired geometry thereof, wherein thickening, but as far as possible no undulation, is permitted at least in some region or regions in the edge region close to the edge, in particular at least in some region or regions or in some section or sections in the longitudinal extent of the component to be produced.
  • edge trimming operations on the finished component can be eliminated or reduced.
  • the opposite parting surfaces define two edges of the bottom region, of the optional body region or of the optional flange region, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the component to be produced.
  • the processing of the semifinished products to produce the components can take place in the cold state, in particular at room temperature, and also in the warm state, in particular at a temperature above room temperature, of the semifinished products.
  • semifinished products made from thermoplastics can be processed, in particular molded, while cold but also at temperatures above room temperature.
  • semifinished products made of metallic materials, in particular aluminum and magnesium can be processed while cold. These are preferably heated to a temperature above 150° C., in particular above 200° C., before and/or during processing, preferably shaping.
  • Semifinished products made of steel can also be processed, preferably shaped, while cold or hot. In particular, steels can be heated up to 700° C., e.g. up to 650° C., and then processed, in particular shaped, into components.
  • semifinished products made of steel are used, from which hardened components can be produced by means of processing.
  • a semifinished product made of a hardenable steel material with a carbon content of at least 0.15-% by weight, in particular of at least 0.22% by weight, preferably of at least 0.27% by weight, is provided for the production of a hardened component.
  • the hardenable steel material can be a steel for quenching and tempering, in particular a C22, C35, C45, C55, C60, 42CrMo4 steel, a steel containing manganese, in particular a 16MnB5, 16MnCr5, 20MnB5, 22MnB5, 30MnB5, 36MnB5, 37MnB4, 37MnB5, 40MnB4 steel, a case-hardening steel, an air-hardening steel or a multi-layer steel material composite, e.g. one having two, preferably three, steel layers, of which at least one is hardenable.
  • the use of tailored rolled blanks or tailored welded blanks is also possible.
  • corresponding parameters e.g. the A c1 temperature, A c3 temperature, Ms-Start and other parameters for heat treatment or heating/cooling can be taken from “ZTU” diagrams.
  • the hardenable steel material can also be provided with an anticorrosion coating or anti-scale coating, preferably based on zinc and/or aluminum.
  • the outer layers may preferably consist of a scale- and/or corrosion-resistant steel.
  • Anti-scale protection offers advantages in processing, while anti-corrosion protection offers advantages in the application or use of the finished component.
  • Stainless steels are preferably used as outer layers. As a result, lightweight construction targets are feasible in application or cost-optimized processing processes through more rapid heating of the semifinished products.
  • a semifinished product is provided which, on the one hand, is subjected in the form of a shaped blank to heat treatment at least in some region or regions, preferably fully to heat treatment, wherein the shaped blank is heated to a temperature, in particular above the A c1 temperature, preferably above the A c3 temperature, formed in one or more stages, and hardened at least in some region or regions by cooling (direct hot forming) or, on the other hand, the semifinished product is first of all cold-formed into a preform, the preform is subjected to heat treatment at least in some region or regions, preferably fully to heat treatment, wherein the preform is heated to a temperature, in particular above the A c1 temperature, preferably above the A c3 temperature, and is then hardened by cooling at least in some region or regions (indirect hot forming).
  • the A c1 temperature corresponds to the temperature as a function of the composition of the hardenable steel material at which the microstructure is converted into austenite
  • the A c3 temperature corresponds to the temperature at which conversion fully into austenite is complete.
  • a hardened microstructure can be produced at least in some region or regions of the component or in the entire component by cooling.
  • the hardened microstructure is defined by a substantially martensitic and/or bainitic microstructure, wherein the percentage of martensite and/or bainite in the microstructure is at least 70% by area, in particular at least 80% by area, preferably at least 90% by area, particularly preferably 95% by area.
  • the heating in at least some region or regions to at least one partial austenitization temperature is accomplished by suitable means, e.g. by means of inductors, furnaces, lasers, contact heating or burners.
  • the semifinished product made of a hardenable steel material can be fed as a shaped blank for direct hot forming or as a sheet-metal precut blank for indirect hot forming. Depending on the complexity of the component or sheet-metal component to be produced, additional trimming can be allowed for after the production of the preform in the case of indirect hot forming.
  • a cross section should be interpreted to mean a section or the extent substantially transversely to the longitudinal extent of the sheet-metal component produced or to be produced.
  • a hardened component having an accurately repeatable and dimensionally accurate edge contour is produced in that, in the end position of the tool, the material is converted or sized to give the desired geometry thereof, wherein thickening, but as far as possible no undulation, is permitted at least in some region or regions in the edge region close to the edge, in particular at least in some region or regions or in some section or sections in the longitudinal extent of the component to be produced.
  • the thickening of the edge region takes place substantially in the still-hot and unhardened state, and therefore plastic deformation or massive deformation is possible without high press forces, thus making it possible to produce a hardened component with an accurately repeatable and dimensionally accurate edge contour which corresponds to the desired geometry within narrow tolerances.
  • the semifinished product in particular as a sheet-metal precut blank, is cold-formed to give a preform having a bottom region, a bottom-body transition region, a body region, optionally a body-flange transition region and optionally a flange region, wherein the geometry of the preform or individual preform regions differ, at least in some region or regions, from the geometry of the component or of individual component regions.
  • the preform has a bottom region, a bottom-body transition region and a body region, wherein the preform is heated in a furnace, preferably in a continuous furnace, to at least A c1 temperature, in particular fully to the A c3 temperature, the heated preform is placed in an open tool for hardening, said tool preferably being actively cooled and comprising at least one female die and one punch, and the sheet-metal component produced is hardened, at least in some region or regions, through contact with the tool by closing the tool, wherein the punch and/or the female die act/acts to exert pressure, at least in some section or sections, on the parting surface of the body region, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the component produced or to be produced.
  • the preform has a bottom region, a bottom-body transition region, a body region, a body-flange transition region and a flange region, wherein the preform is heated in a furnace, preferably in a continuous furnace to at least A c1 temperature, in particular fully to the A c3 temperature, the heated preform is placed in an open tool for hardening, said tool preferably being actively cooled and comprising at least one female die and one punch, and the sheet-metal component produced is hardened, at least in some region or regions, through contact with the tool by closing the tool, wherein the female die and/or the punch act/acts to exert pressure, at least in some section or sections, on the parting surface of the flange region, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the sheet-metal component produced or to be produced.
  • a punch consisting of a plurality of sub-punches is used, wherein, when the tool is closed for hardening, contact is established between a first sub-punch and the bottom region, the bottom-body transition region and the body region in a first step, and contact is established between a second sub-punch and the flange region in a second step.
  • the desired geometry of the edge contour of the sheet-metal component to the produced is established.
  • a shaped blank in particular a previously determined shaped blank, which is heated in a furnace, preferably in a continuous furnace, to at least A c1 temperature, in particular fully to the A c3 temperature, is used, after heating the shaped blank is placed in an open tool, said tool preferably being actively cooled and comprising at least one female die and one punch, is formed in one or more stages by shutting the tool, and the component produced is hardened, at least in some region or regions, through contact with the tool by (increasingly) closing the tool, wherein the punch and/or the female die act/acts to exert pressure, at least in some section or sections, on the parting surface of the body region, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the component to be produced, or the female die and/or the punch act/acts to exert pressure, at least in some section or sections, on the parting surface of the flange region, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the sheet-metal component to be produced, thus giving a dimensionally accurate edge contour
  • the tool for hardening has a female die region which is substantially vertically movable, in particular relative to the female die bearing surface, and/or a leading punch or punch region, which, after the placing of the heated shaped blank in the tool, fixes the shaped blank, together with the punch or punch region, with a clamping action, at least in the bottom region to be formed, until the tool is closed. It is thereby possible to ensure that the shaped blank can be guided and/or held in an accurate position in the tool during hot forming or until the conclusion of hardening.
  • the female die region acts as an inner hold-down device.
  • the tool for hardening has an outer hold-down device, which, after the placing of the heated shaped blank in the tool, is lowered, preferably to a spaced position, before or after the coming together of the substantially vertically movable female die region and of the punch or punch region, to guide the shaped blank.
  • a spaced hold-down device which is heated or temperature-controlled when required, can guide the shaped blank edge, in particular, and thereby assist the hot forming process, wherein the spacing is chosen in such a way that the outer hold-down device has only slight contact with regions of the hot shaped blank, thereby also making it possible to substantially suppress premature cooling of the shaped blank edge due to contact with the (colder) outer hold-down device.
  • the tool for hardening is closed before the last regions of the steel material in the tool fall below the Ms start temperature, thus making it possible to ensure for substantially all regions of the component that the desired shaping or sizing of the steel workpiece is complete before the phase transformation into martensite.
  • the tool in particular for hardening, is part or a constituent part of a process line for producing a component having a bottom region, optionally a bottom-body transition region, optionally a body region, optionally a body-flange transition region and optionally a flange region consisting of a semifinished product, and, in particular, is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the tool in particular for hardening, comprises a female die and a punch, means for moving the punch and/or the female die, and optional means for cooling the tool.
  • the parting surface is in contact with the tool at least temporarily, in particular during or after the processing of the semifinished product to produce the component, and at least in some section or sections.
  • the female die and/or the punch are/is configured in such a way that, at least in some section or sections, they/it act/s to exert pressure on the parting surface of the bottom region or of the body region or of the flange region, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the component to be produced.
  • the tool is suitable for hardening a semifinished product which consists of a hardenable steel material.
  • the tool is also suitable for processing semifinished products made of aluminum, magnesium or thermoplastics and, in particular, is also embodied in such a way that it can be appropriately temperature-controlled if required.
  • the punch has a shoulder region for exerting pressure, at least in some section or sections, on the parting surface of the body region, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the component to be produced
  • the female die has a shoulder region for exerting pressure, at least in some section or sections, on the parting surface of the bottom region or of the flange region, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the component to be produced.
  • the action leads to thickening, at least in some region or regions, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the component, in particular in the edge region close to the edge of the bottom region or of the flange or body region or in the flange and/or body region and/or the body-flange transition region.
  • the punch and/or the female die are designed in such a way, in particular in the sections in which the edge regions close to the edge may thicken, that there is more space available for plastic flow in order thereby to ensure that all regions of the component to be hardened have contact with the tool in the closed state of the tool, particularly during hardening.
  • the tool has at least one outer hold-down device, which is heatable if required, in particular for the supportive guidance of the shaped blank edge during hot forming.
  • the tool has a substantially vertically movable female die region, in particular for the clamping and positionally accurate fixing of the shaped blank together with the punch or punch region during hot forming or until the completion of hardening.
  • the punch consists of a plurality of sub-punches, which, in particular, are arranged in the working direction relative to one another and are preferably individually controllable or movable in order to produce a component, in particular a hardened component, with a flange region, in particular in several steps.
  • the punch is coupled to a punch holder, wherein the punch is arranged in such a way that it can be moved toward and away from the punch holder in the working direction.
  • the punch is arranged mechanically spaced apart from the punch holder, e.g. by means of a spring element, or hydraulically by suitable means. This is advantageous, in particular, to enable fluctuating body lengths or body heights, for example, to be better compensated.
  • FIG. 1 shows the first steps for indirect hot forming
  • FIG. 2 shows the first steps for direct hot forming
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 show further steps for the production of a flanged sheet-metal component, in particular a hardened component of this kind, by means of indirect hot forming,
  • FIGS. 6 to 8 show further steps for the production of a flangeless sheet-metal component, in particular a hardened component of this kind, by means of indirect hot forming,
  • FIGS. 9 to 12 show further steps for the production of a flanged sheet-metal component, in particular a hardened component of this kind, by means of direct hot forming,
  • FIGS. 13 to 16 show further steps for the production of a flangeless sheet-metal component, in particular a hardened component of this kind, by means of direct hot forming,
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 show another embodiment of a tool
  • FIGS. 19 to 23 show further steps for the production of a flanged sheet-metal component, in particular a hardened component of this kind, by means of direct hot forming,
  • FIGS. 24 to 28 show further steps for the production of a flanged sheet-metal component, in particular a hardened component of this kind, by means of direct hot forming, and
  • FIGS. 29 to 33 show further steps for the production of a flangeless sheet-metal component, in particular a hardened component of this kind, by means of direct hot forming.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 show a method sequence according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • a hardened sheet-metal component ( 1 ) is produced, which has a bottom region ( 1 . 1 ), a bottom-body transition region, a body region ( 1 . 2 ), a body-flange transition region, and a flange region ( 1 . 3 ).
  • a hardenable steel material is generally unwound from a coil (not illustrated), cut to length and made available to the further process as a blank (step A, FIG. 1 ).
  • a preform ( 1 ′) is produced by means of cold forming, which already has a bottom region ( 1 ′. 1 ), a bottom-body transition region, a body region ( 1 ′. 2 ), a body-flange transition region, and a predefined flange region ( 1 ′. 3 ) (step B, FIG. 1 ).
  • the blank as a predefined precut blank and/or the preform ( 1 ′) can have an addition with a length (L′) which is developed in cross section, at least in some region or regions, and which is longer by between 0.5 to 4 mm, for example, than the developed length (L) of the finished, preferably hardened, sheet-metal component ( 1 ). It is possible for the addition to be provided only within the manufacturing process by ironed regions and/or as a material excess or material addition on the semifinished product. In particular, at least the geometry of the preform ( 1 ′), in particular of the flange region ( 1 ′. 3 ) and/or of the body region ( 1 ′.
  • the preform ( 1 ′) is heated in a furnace, preferably in a continuous furnace, to at least the A c1 temperature, in particular fully to the A c3 temperature (step C, FIG. 1 ).
  • the heated preform ( 1 ′) is placed in an open tool ( 2 ) for hardening, which is actively cooled by suitable means, e.g. by means of cooling passages ( 2 .X), which are supplied with a cooling fluid and are arranged or integrated in the tool ( 2 ), close to the contour surface, and comprises at least one female die ( 2 . 1 ) and one punch ( 2 . 2 ) ( FIG. 3 ).
  • the punch ( 2 . 2 ) consists of a plurality of sub-punches ( 2 . 21 , 2 . 22 ), which are arranged in the working direction relative to one another and are individually controllable or movable, this being symbolized by the arrows.
  • the preform ( 1 ′) is hardened, at least in some region or regions, by contact with the tool ( 2 ).
  • the closure of the tool ( 2 ) takes place in several steps, wherein, in the first step, a first sub-punch ( 2 . 21 ) is moved into the female die ( 2 . 1 ) and contact is thereby established between the first sub-punch ( 2 . 21 ) and the bottom region ( 1 ′. 1 ), the bottom-body transition region and the body region ( 1 ′. 2 ) ( FIG. 4 ). Before or after the bottom end position of the first sub-punch ( 2 . 21 ) is reached, a second sub-punch ( 2 .
  • the pressure is increased further and leads to thickening, at least in some region or regions, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the hardened sheet-metal component ( 1 ), in particular in the edge region close to the edge of the flange region ( 1 . 3 ) or in the flange region ( 1 . 3 ) and/or body region ( 1 . 2 ) ( FIG. 5 ).
  • the sheet-metal component ( 1 ) produced remains in the closed tool ( 2 ) until the desired microstructure has been established. After this, the tool ( 2 ) is opened, and the hardened sheet-metal component ( 1 ) can be removed.
  • the heated preform ( 1 ′) having a bottom region ( 1 ′. 1 ), a bottom-body transition region and a body region ( 1 ′. 2 ) is placed in an open tool ( 2 ), which is actively cooled by suitable means, e.g. by means of cooling passages ( 2 .X), which are supplied with a cooling fluid and are arranged or integrated in the tool ( 2 ), close to the contour surface, and comprises a female die ( 2 . 1 ) and a punch ( 2 . 2 ) ( FIG. 6 ).
  • the closing of the tool ( 2 ) takes place in one step by movement of the punch ( 2 . 2 ) into the female die ( 2 . 1 ) ( FIG. 7 ).
  • the parting surface ( 1 ′. 4 ) of the body region ( 1 ′. 2 ) comes into contact with a shoulder region ( 2 . 23 ) of the punch ( 2 . 2 ), which, owing to further movement of the punch ( 2 . 2 ) into the female die ( 2 . 1 ), acts to exert pressure, at least in some section or sections, on the parting surface ( 1 ′.
  • the pressure is increased further and leads to thickening, at least in some region or regions, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the hardened sheet-metal component ( 1 ), in particular in the edge region close to the edge of the body region ( 1 . 2 ) or in the body region ( 1 . 2 ) itself ( FIG. 8 ).
  • the sheet-metal component ( 1 ) produced remains in the closed tool ( 2 ) until the desired microstructure has been established. After this, the tool ( 2 ) is opened, and the hardened sheet-metal component ( 1 ) can be removed.
  • a corresponding free space can be provided in the female die and/or punch.
  • a hardenable steel material is unwound from a coil (not illustrated), cut to length and made available to the further process as a blank, wherein, as a particular preference, the blank corresponds to a shaped blank (step A, FIG. 2 ).
  • the shaped blank ( 1 ′) can have a material addition with a length (L′) which is developed in cross section, at least in some region or regions, and which is longer by between 0.5 and 4 mm, for example, than the developed length (L) of the hardened sheet-metal component ( 1 ).
  • the shaped blank ( 1 ′) is heated in a furnace, preferably in a continuous furnace, to at least the A c1 temperature, in particular fully to the A c3 temperature (step C, FIG. 2 ).
  • the heated preform ( 1 ′) is placed in an open tool ( 2 ) for hardening, which is actively cooled by suitable means, e.g. by means of cooling passages ( 2 .X), which are supplied with a cooling fluid and are arranged or integrated in the tool ( 2 ), close to the contour surface, and comprises at least one female die ( 2 . 1 ), one punch ( 2 . 2 ) and one hold-down device ( 2 . 3 ), which is heatable if required ( FIG. 9 ).
  • the female die ( 2 . 1 ) comprises a female die region ( 2 . 11 ) that can be moved relative to the female die bearing surface, this being symbolized by the arrow.
  • the shaped blank ( 1 ′) is first of all formed and then hardened, at least in some region or regions, by contact with the tool ( 2 ).
  • the closure of the tool ( 2 ) takes place in several steps, wherein, in the first step, the hold-down device ( 2 . 3 ), which is heated if required, is lowered onto a spacer element ( 2 . 4 ) and held in order to provide supportive guidance for the shaped blank edge during hot forming.
  • the spacer element ( 2 . 4 ) has the effect that only point contacts arise with the hot shaped blank ( 1 ′) and can also serve as a positioner for the placement of the hot shaped blank ( 1 ′).
  • the female die region ( 2 . 11 ) and the punch ( 2 . 2 ) or punch region are moved relative to one another until they receive the shaped blank ( 1 ′) between them in a clamped manner ( FIG. 10 ).
  • the clamped region corresponds to the bottom region ( 1 . 1 ) to be formed on the sheet-metal component ( 1 ) to be produced.
  • the punch ( 2 . 2 ) or punch region and the female die region ( 2 . 11 ) travel together with the clamped shaped blank ( 1 ′) into the female die ( 2 . 1 ), and a bottom-body transition region, a body region, a body-flange transition region and a flange region form as inward travel progresses ( FIG.
  • the sheet-metal component ( 1 ) produced remains in the closed tool ( 2 ) until the desired microstructure has been established. After this, the hardening tool ( 2 ) is opened, and the hardened sheet-metal component ( 1 ) can be removed.
  • the heated shaped blank ( 1 ′) is placed in an open tool ( 2 ) for hardening, which is actively cooled by suitable means, e.g. by means of cooling passages ( 2 .X), which are supplied with a cooling fluid and are arranged or integrated in the tool ( 2 ), close to the contour surface, and comprises at least one female die ( 2 . 1 ), one punch ( 2 . 2 ) and one hold-down device ( 2 . 3 ), which is heated if required ( FIG. 13 ).
  • the female die ( 2 . 1 ) comprises a movable female die region ( 2 . 11 ), symbolized by the arrow, and the punch ( 2 . 2 ) is coupled to a punch holder ( 2 . 24 ), wherein the punch ( 2 .
  • the shaped blank ( 1 ′) is first of all formed and then hardened, at least in some region or regions, by contact with the tool ( 2 ).
  • the closure of the tool ( 2 ) takes place in several steps, wherein, in the first step, the hold-down device ( 2 . 3 ), which is heated if required, is lowered onto a spacer element ( 2 . 4 ) and held in order to provide supportive guidance for the shaped blank edge during hot forming.
  • the spacer element ( 2 . 4 ) has the effect that only a few point contacts arise with the hot shaped blank ( 1 ′).
  • the punch ( 2 . 2 ) or punch region and the female die region ( 2 . 11 ) travel together with the clamped shaped blank ( 1 ′) into the female die ( 2 . 1 ), and a bottom-body transition region and a body region form as inward travel progresses ( FIG. 14 ).
  • the bottom-body transition region and substantially the body region close to the bottom have been formed, there remains an oversize in the body region, at least in some region or regions, along the longitudinal orientation of the sheet-metal component ( 1 ) to be produced, by virtue of the material addition.
  • the parting surface ( 1 ′. 4 ) of the body region comes into contact with a shoulder region ( 2 . 23 ) of the punch or punch holder ( 2 . 24 ) ( FIG. 15 ).
  • the force of the spring element ( 2 . 25 ) is overcome, and the punch ( 2 . 2 ) and the punch holder ( 2 . 24 ) approach one another.
  • the shoulder region ( 2 . 23 ) acts to exert a pressure, at least in some section or sections, on the parting surface ( 1 ′. 4 ) of the body region, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the sheet-metal component ( 1 ) to be produced, and the further approach between the punch ( 2 . 2 ) and the punch holder ( 2 . 24 ) leads to thickening, at least in some region or regions, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the hardened sheet-metal component ( 1 ), in particular in the edge region close to the edge of the body region ( 1 . 2 ) or in the body region ( 1 . 2 ) ( FIG. 16 ).
  • the sheet-metal component ( 1 ) produced remains in the closed tool ( 2 ) until the desired microstructure has been established. After this, the tool ( 2 ) is opened, and the hardened sheet-metal component ( 1 ) can be removed.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate another embodiment of a tool ( 2 ) or another procedure which can be used for cold forming and for hot forming, which, in contrast to the tool ( 2 ) and the procedure described in or with reference to FIGS. 9 to 12 , has a split female die ( 2 . 1 ) comprising two female die parts, an outer female die part ( 2 . 121 ) and an inner female die part ( 2 . 122 ), which can be controllable and movable separately from one another and, if required, individually in a vertical orientation in the shoulder region ( 2 . 13 ). Before a shaped blank is placed in the tool ( 2 ), the outer female die part ( 1 .
  • the outer female die part ( 1 . 121 ) is moved horizontally into a parked position, resulting in a certain spacing between the outer and the inner female die part ( 1 . 121 , 1 . 122 ).
  • the outer female die part ( 1 . 121 ) which has previously been moved to a distance from the inner female die part ( 1 . 122 ), enables the edge region close to the edge of the flange region to be transferred unhindered into a position such that, shortly before the bottom end position, the outer female die part ( 2 .
  • the component ( 1 ) which is driven by means of wedge-type slides for example, can be driven against the parting surface ( 1 . 4 ′) of the flange region, in particular along the longitudinal extent of the component ( 1 ) to be produced ( FIG. 17 ).
  • the increase in the pressure on the parting surface ( 1 ′. 4 ) forces the oversize or material excess of the semifinished product into the flange region ( FIG. 18 ) and thereby acts to exert pressure, at least in some section or sections, as a result of which the component ( 1 ) receives a dimensionally accurate edge contour.
  • a corresponding free space can be provided in the female die and/or punch. After this, the tool ( 2 ) is opened, and the component ( 1 ) can be removed.
  • FIGS. 19 to 23 show a method sequence according to another embodiment of the invention for the production of a flanged sheet-metal component ( 1 ), in particular a hardened sheet-metal component of this kind.
  • FIGS. 24 to 28 show a method sequence according to another embodiment of the invention for the production of a flanged sheet-metal component ( 1 ), in particular a hardened sheet-metal component of this kind, having a body region ( 1 . 2 ) which extends obliquely in contrast to the other illustrative embodiments.
  • FIGS. 29 to 33 show a method sequence according to another embodiment of the invention for the production of a flangeless sheet-metal component ( 1 ), in particular a hardened sheet-metal component of this kind, having a body region ( 1 . 2 ) which extends obliquely in contrast to the other illustrative embodiments.
  • the component can be a substantially flat design and have only one bottom region and, in particular, can be thickened in the edge region close to the edge. Further embodiments of components having a bottom region, a bottom-body transition region, a body region, optionally a body-bottom transition region and optionally a flange region have been described.
  • steel which can be processed either cold or hot
  • other metals such as aluminum, magnesium or other materials, e.g. thermoplastics, which can be processed especially in the cold or the hot state, can also be used.
  • the preferably hardened sheet-metal component produced by the method according to the invention is used as a bodywork or chassis component in passenger cars, utility vehicles, commercial vehicles, heavy goods vehicles, special vehicles, buses, omnibuses, agricultural machines, construction machines, with or without an internal combustion engine and/or an electric drive, and trailers.
  • Hardened sheet-metal components produced according to the invention can also be used in vehicle attachments, e.g. in assembled battery cases for electric or hybrid vehicles. Components produced according to the invention can also be used in applications that are not specific to vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
US16/644,396 2017-09-05 2017-09-05 Method for producing a component and tool therefor Abandoned US20210260641A1 (en)

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CN111050942A (zh) 2020-04-21
CN111050942B (zh) 2022-02-15

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