US20200188406A1

US20200188406A1 - Liquid formulations of fosaprepitant

Info

Publication number: US20200188406A1
Application number: US16/801,546
Authority: US
Inventors: Kocherlakota CHANDRASHEKHAR; Banda NAGARAJU
Original assignee: Leiutis Pharmaceutials LLP
Current assignee: Leiutis Pharmaceutials LLP
Priority date: 2015-08-03
Filing date: 2020-02-26
Publication date: 2020-06-18
Also published as: US20180235973A1; US10610532B2; WO2017021880A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to liquid formulations of Fosaprepitant intended for parenteral administration. Further the invention also describes process for preparing such formulations.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Fosaprepitant is a P/neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist and is a prodrug of Aprepitant. The meglumine salt of Fosaprepitant, Fosaprepitant dimeglumine, is approved in the U.S as Emend® in the form of a lyophilized powder for intravenous infusion. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine is rapidly converted to Aprepitant in vivo. It is chemically described as 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol [3-[[(2R,3 S)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-morpholinyl]methyl]-2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]phosphonate (2:1) having an empirical formula C₂₃H₂₂F₇N₄O₆P.2(C₇H₁₇NO₅). The structure is depicted below:
Emend® indicated in adults for use in combination with other antiemetic agents for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy including high-dose cisplatin.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,691,336 to Dorn et al, discloses the compound Fosaprepitant and further describes methods of synthesizing the said compound. U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,942 also to Dorn et al., discloses the use of neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist such as Fosaprepitant for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, pain or migraine, asthma, emesis and nausea.
U.S patent application No. 2007/265329 to Devang et al., discloses subcutaneous pharmaceutical injectable composition comprising a semi-solid delivery vehicle and a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid vehicle, for the sustained release of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,538,982 to Hagan et al., discloses a NK, receptor antagonist for the treatment of emesis and further discloses neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist in combination with anti-inflammatory corticosteroid or a 5HT3 antagonist.
Fosaprepitant dimeglumine easily degrades to Aprepitant unless stored at low temperature. Therefore it is conventionally supplied as a lyophilized formulation to reduce the formation of impurities and to improve the stability of the final formulation.
This invention is directed to stable liquid parenteral formulations of Fosaprepitant that do not need reconstitution before administration.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of Fosaprepitant and method of preparing such compositions.
One aspect of the invention provides stable liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of Fosaprepitant, wherein the pH of the formulation ranges from about 7 to 13.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of Fosaprepitant comprising of Fosaprepitant, chelating agents, pH adjusting agents/buffering agents, stabilizing agents, solvents and optionally other pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants.
Another aspect of the invention provides method for preparing liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation comprising of Fosaprepitant dimeglumine, chelating agents, pH adjusting agents/buffering agents, stabilizing agents, solvents and optionally other pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the context of this invention “Fosaprepitant” refers to pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, acids and anhydrous forms thereof, preferably Fosaprepitant dimeglumine.
As used herein, “liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulations of Fosaprepitant” refer to formulations that contain Fosaprepitant in dissolved or solubilized form and are intended to be used as such or upon further dilution in intravenous diluents.
The term “about” is meant to encompass a pH range of ±0.5 from the specified value or range.
The present invention relates to liquid parenteral formulations of Fosaprepitant which are stable upon storage. Developing liquid formulations of Fosaprepitant has proven to be difficult due to its rapid conversion to Aprepitant which is not water soluble.
The inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that it is possible to develop stable liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of Fosaprepitant, despite rapid degradation of Fosaprepitant to Aprepitant.
An embodiment of the invention provides liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of Fosaprepitant having a pH in the range of about 7 to 13. More specifically, the invention provides liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of Fosaprepitant having a pH in the range of 6.5 to 13.5.
Another embodiment of the invention provides liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of Fosaprepitant comprising:
i. Fosaprepitant
ii. chelating agents
iii. stabilizing agents
iv. pH adjusting agents and/or buffering agents
v. solvents and
vi. optionally other pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants.
Yet another embodiment of the invention provides liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of Fosaprepitant comprising:

- i. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine
- ii. chelating agents selected from EDTA, DTPA, DOTA and salts thereof
- iii. one or more stabilizing agents selected from surfactants and cyclodextrins
- iv. pH adjusting agents and/or buffering agents
- v. solvents selected from the group comprising of propylene glycol, glycerine polyethylene glycol and water
- vi. optionally other pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention contains chelating agents selected from the group comprising, EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid), DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid), EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid), HEDTA (N (hydroxy ethyl) ethylenediaminetriacetic acid) and salts thereof. Preferred chelating agent is disodium edetate. The percentage of chelating agent ranges from about 0.01% to 5% based on total weight of the formulation.
Suitable stabilizing agents include surfactants such as polysorbates, polyethylene glycol esters, sorbitan esters (e.g. Tweens), polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, sucrose fatty acid esters and cyclodextrins such as α, β and γ-cyclodextrin and cyclodextrins modified with alkyl-, hydroxyalkyl-, dialkyl-, and sulfoalkyl-ether modified cyclodextrins such as methyl or hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrins (HPCD), methyl-and-ethyl-β-cyclodextrin, sulfoalkylether-substituted beta-cyclodextrin, sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD) and salts thereof. Preferred stabilizing agents are polysorbates and cyclodextrins. The percentage of stabilizing agent ranges from about 0.05% to 30% based on total weight of the formulation.
Suitable pH adjusting agents and buffering agents that may be used in the invention include phosphate buffer, citrate buffer, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tartarate, benzoate, acetate, borate, lactic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and carbonic acid, alkali or alkaline earth salt of one of these acids, Tris, meglumine, amino acids such as arginine, glycine, histidine and lysine; sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
Suitable solvents include ethanol, glycerine, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, water and the like. Water is the preferred solvent. Percentage of the solvent ranges from about 30% to 98%, based on total weight of the formulation.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may also contain anti-oxidants and tonicity modifiers.
The inventors carried out experiments with varying the pH value of formulation to determine suitable pH range in the final formulation. Fosaprepitant formulations prepared were tested at 25±2° C. temperature.

TABLE 1

Evaluation of pH on stability of the formulation (Prepared
according to example 6)

Related substances (%)

pH	Hold time	Assay	Aprepitant	Total impurities

7.5	6 hrs	99.5	0.31	0.45
	12 hrs	99.5	0.33	0.49
8.5	6 hrs	99.6	0.25	0.39
	12 hrs	99.6	0.25	0.41
9.2	6 hrs	99.6	0.23	0.41
	12 hrs	99.6	0.23	0.41
10.5	6 hrs	99.6	0.28	0.43
	12 hrs	99.6	0.28	0.45
11.5	6 hrs	99.6	0.27	0.44
	12 hrs	99.6	0.27	0.44

In one of the preferred embodiment, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulations of Fosaprepitant comprise:


i)	Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	0.1%-15%
ii)	chelating agent	0.01%-5%
iii)	stabilizing agents	0.05%-30%
iv)	solvent	30%-98%
v)	pH adjusting agents and/or buffering agents	q.s
	based on total weight of the formulation.

The compositions of the present invention can be prepared using the following manufacturing steps:

- i. Addition of pH adjusting agents and/or buffering agents to the solvent.
- ii. Addition of stabilizing agent to the solution followed by stirring till uniform solution is obtained, maintaining the temperature at about 25° C.
- iii. Cooling of the above bulk solution to 2° C. to 8° C.
- iv. Addition of Fosaprepitant to the solution obtained, followed by stirring and pH adjustment, while maintaining the temperature at 2° C. to 8° C.
- v. Filtering and filling of the solution in suitable container or vials followed by stoppering and sealing of the vials.

Fosaprepitant formulation prepared according to the invention was tested for stability at 2-8° C. and 25° C./60% RH for a period of 3 months. The stability data of the invention formulation is summarized in table 2.

TABLE 2

Stability data of the product prepared according to example 10.
Fosaprepitant dimeglumine injection stability profile

Condition

1 M

2 M

3 M

2-8° C.

25° C.

2-8° C.

25° C.

2-8° C.

25° C.

Impurities

Aprepitant	0.32	0.66	0.34	1.23	0.3	1.26
Total	0.61	0.95	0.60	1.48	0.56	1.59
Impurities
Assay	100.5	98.0	100.4	99.0	101.7	97.6

Surprisingly no significant increase in impurities was observed even at accelerated conditions. The data confirms the inventors' finding that Fosaprepitant formulations in the presence of suitable excipients resulted in a stable product.
The following examples further describe certain specific aspects and embodiments of the present invention and demonstrate the practice and advantages thereof. It is to be understood that the examples are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any manner.

Example 1


	Ingredients	Qty/ml (mg)

	Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	49.06
	Disodium edetate	2-8
	Polysorbate 80	5-40
	Sodium carbonate	0.5-10
	Sodium bicarbonate	5-30
	Sodium chloride	q.s
	Sodium hydroxide	q.s to adjust the pH 11.0 ± 1.0
	Water for injection	q.s to 1 ml

	*q.s: Quantity sufficient

Manufacturing Process

Water for injection was taken in a compounding vessel and disodium edetate was added and stirred. Sodium carbonate was added, followed by the addition of sodium bicarbonate. Sodium chloride and polysorbate 80 were added to the above solution. The bulk solution was cooled to 2-8° C. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine was added, and the pH of the solution was adjusted with sodium hydroxide, while maintaining the temperature at 2-8° C. The solution was filtered, followed by stoppering and sealing of the vials.

Example 2


	Ingredients	Quantities in mg

Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	49.06	49.06	49.06
Disodium edetate	2-8	2-8	2-8
Polysorbate-80	5-40	5-40	5-40
Sodium carbonate	0.5-10	0.5-10	—
Sodium bicarbonate	5-30	5-30	—
Arginine	—	—	10-20
Mannitol	—	q.s	—
Sodium chloride	q.s	—	q.s

	Sodium hydroxide	q.s to adjust the pH 11.0 ± 1.0
	Water for injection	q.s to 1 ml

Manufacturing Process

Water for injection was taken in a compounding vessel and disodium edetate was added and stirred. Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate/arginine were added. Sodium chloride/mannitol and polysorbate 80 were added to the above solution. The bulk solution was cooled to 2-8° C. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine was added, and the pH of the solution was adjusted with sodium hydroxide, while maintaining the temperature at 2-8° C. The solution was filtered, followed by stoppering and sealing of the vials.

Example 3


	Ingredients	Qty/ml (mg)

	Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	49.06
	Disodium edetate	2-8
	Polysorbate 80	5-40
	Sodium carbonate	0.5-10
	Sodium bicarbonate	5-30
	Mannitol	q.s
	Sodium hydroxide	q.s to adjust the pH 11.0 ± 1.0
	Water for injection	q.s to 1.0 mL

Manufacturing Process

Water for injection was taken in a compounding vessel and disodium edetate was added and stirred. Sodium carbonate was added, followed by the addition of sodium bicarbonate. Mannitol and polysorbate 80 were added to the above solution. The bulk solution was cooled to 2-8° C. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine was added, and the pH of the solution was adjusted with sodium hydroxide, while maintaining the temperature at 2-8° C. The solution was filtered, followed by stoppering and sealing of the vials.

Example 4


	Ingredients	Qty/ml (mg)

	Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	49.06
	Disodium edetate	2-8
	Polysorbate-80	5-40
	Glycine	5-25
	Lactose	q.s
	Sodium hydroxide	q.s to adjust the pH 11.0 ± 1.0
	Water for injection	q.s to 0.5 ml to 2.0 mL

Manufacturing Process

Water for injection was taken in a compounding vessel and disodium edetate was added and stirred. Glycine was added. Lactose and polysorbate 80 were added to the above solution. The bulk solution was cooled to 2-8° C. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine was added, and the pH of the solution was adjusted with sodium hydroxide, while maintaining the temperature at 2-8° C. The solution was filtered, followed by stoppering and sealing of the vials.

Example 5


	Ingredients	Qty/ml (mg)

	Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	49.06
	Disodium edetate	2-8
	Polysorbate-80	5-40
	TRIS	2-20
	Sucrose	q.s
	Sodium hydroxide	q.s to adjust the pH 11.0 ± 1.0
	Water for injection	q.s to 0.5 ml to 2.0 mL

Manufacturing Process

Water for injection was taken in a compounding vessel and disodium edetate was added and stirred. TRIS buffer was added. Sucrose and polysorbate 80 were added to the above solution. The bulk solution was cooled to 2-8° C. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine was added, and the pH of the solution was adjusted with sodium hydroxide, while maintaining the temperature at 2-8° C. The solution was filtered, followed by stoppering and sealing of the vials.

Example 6


	Ingredients	Qty per vial (mg)

	Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	188.0 mg
	Lactose monohydrate	302.62 mg
	Edetate disodium	14.4 mg
	Polysorbate 80	57.5 mg
	Sodium hydroxide	q.s to adjust pH 9.1 to 9.4
	Hydrochloric acid
	Water for injection	q.s to 2.6 mL

Manufacturing Process

Water for injection was taken in a compounding vessel and lactose and disodium edetate were added and stirred. The bulk solution was cooled to 2-8° C. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine was added, followed by the addition of polysorbate 80 to the above solution. pH of the solution was adjusted with sodium hydroxide solution/hydrochloric acid while maintaining the temperature at 2-8° C. The solution was filtered, followed by stoppering and sealing of the vials.

Example 7


	Ingredients	Qty per ml (mg)

	Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	49.06
	Edetate disodium	3.76
	Sulfobutyl-ether-β-	150
	cyclodextrin sodium salt
	Sodium carbonate	1.2
	Sodium bicarbonate	10
	Sodium hydroxide	q.s to adjust pH around 10
	Water for injection	q.s to 1 ml

Manufacturing Process

Water for injection was taken in a compounding vessel. Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were added and stirred, followed by the addition of edetate disodium. Sulfobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt was added and stirred till a clear solution was obtained. The bulk solution was cooled to 2-8° C. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine was added to the above solution and pH was adjusted with sodium hydroxide solution while maintaining the temperature at 2-8° C. The solution was filtered, followed by stoppering and sealing of the vials.

Example 8


	Ingredients	Qty per ml (mg)

	Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	49.06
	Edetate disodium	3.76
	Sulfobutyl-ether-β-	50
	cyclodextrin sodium salt
	Sodium hydroxide	q.s to adjust pH around 10
	Water for injection	q.s to 1 ml

Manufacturing Process

Water for injection was taken in a compounding vessel. Edetate disodium was added and stirred. Sulfobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt was added and stirred till a clear solution was obtained. The bulk solution was cooled to 2-8° C. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine was added, to the above solution and pH was adjusted with sodium hydroxide solution while maintaining the temperature at 2-8° C. The solution was filtered, followed by stoppering and sealing of the vials.

Example 9


	Ingredients	Qty per ml (mg)

	Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	49.06
	Edetate disodium	3.76
	Sulfobutyl-ether-β-	30
	cyclodextrin sodium salt
	Polysorbate 80	20
	Sodium carbonate	1.2
	Sodium bicarbonate	10
	Sodium chloride	0.6
	Sodium hydroxide	q.s to adjust pH around 10
	Water for injection	q. s to 1 ml

Manufacturing Process

Water for injection was taken in a compounding vessel. Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were added and stirred, followed by the addition of edetate disodium and sodium chloride. Sulfobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt was added and then polysorbate 80 was added and stirred till a clear solution was obtained. The bulk solution was cooled to 2-8° C. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine was added to the above solution and pH was adjusted with sodium hydroxide solution while maintaining the temperature at 2-8° C. The solution was filtered, followed by stoppering and sealing of the vials.

Example 10


	Ingredients	Quantity per mL

	Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	4.91 mg
	Edetate disodium	0.376 mg
	Hydroxy propyl beta cyclodextrin	49.1 mg
	Sodium carbonate anhydrous	0.24 mg
	Sodium bicarbonate	2.0 mg
	Sodium chloride	6.0 mg
	Sodium hydroxide	0.80 mg
	Water for injection	q.s to 1 mL

Manufacturing Process

Water for injection was taken in a compounding vessel. Sodium hydroxide was added, followed by the addition of hydroxy propyl beta cyclodextrin to the above solution. The solution was cooled to 2-8° C. Fosaprepitant dimeglumine was added and stirred. Edetate disodium was added followed by the addition of sodium carbonate anhydrous and sodium bicarbonate. Finally Sodium chloride was added to the above solution. The solution was filtered, followed by stoppering and sealing of the vials.

Example 11


	Ingredients	Quantity per mL

	Fosaprepitant dimeglumine	4.91 mg
	Edetate disodium	0.376 mg
	Hydroxy propyl beta cyclodextrin	196.4 mg
	Sodium carbonate anhydrous	0.24 mg
	Sodium bicarbonate	2.0 mg
	Sodium chloride	6.0 mg
	Sodium hydroxide/	q.s to adjust the pH to 7.0-7.5
	Hydrochloric acid
	Water for injection	q.s to 1 mL

Manufacturing Process

Claims

1-8. (canceled)

9. A stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of fosaprepitant comprising

(i) fosaprepitant dimeglumine from approximately 0.1% to 15% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation;

(ii) one or more chelating agents, wherein each are individually present from approximately 0.01% to approximately 5% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation;

(iii) one or more stabilizing agents;

(iv) one or more pH adjusting agents or buffering agents;

(v) one or more solvents; and optionally; and

(vi) other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients;

wherein the pH of the formulation ranges from 7 to 13.

10. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein after storage at 2-8° C. for at least 1 month, the concentration of aprepitant is not more than 10%.

11. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein chelating agents are selected from EDTA, DTPA, DOTA and salts thereof.

12. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein one or more stabilizing agents selected from surfactants and cyclodextrins.

13. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein the surfactant is selected from polysorbates, polyethylene glycol esters, sorbitan esters (e.g. Tweens), polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, polyethoxylated castor oil and sucrose fatty acid esters.

14. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 12, wherein the cyclodextrin is selected from α, β and γ-cyclodextrin and cyclodextrins modified with alkyl-, hydroxyalkyl-, dialkyl-, and sulfoalkyl-ether modified cyclodextrins such as methyl or hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrins (HPβCD), sulfoalkylether-substituted beta-cyclodextrin and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD).

15. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 12, wherein pH adjusting agents and buffering agents are selected from phosphate buffer, citrate buffer, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tartrate, benzoate, lactate, acetate, borate, glutaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and carbonic acid, alkali or alkaline earth salt of one of these acids, Tris, histidine, meglumine, amino acids, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and citric acid.

16. A stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of fosaprepitant comprising:

(i) fosaprepitant dimeglumine;

(ii) one or more stabilizing agents selected from polysorbates and β-cyclodextrins; and

(iii) a pH ranging from 7 to 13.

17. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 wherein the fosaprepitant dimeglumine is present from approximately 0.1% to 15% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation.

18. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more chelating agents at a concentration from approximately 0.01% to approximately 5% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation.

19. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 18, wherein the one or more chelating agents are selected from EDTA, DTPA, DOTA and salts thereof.

20. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more pH adjusting agents and/or buffering agents.

21. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 20 wherein the one or more pH adjusting agents and/or buffering agents are selected from phosphate buffer, citrate buffer, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tartrate, benzoate, lactate, acetate, borate, glutaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and carbonic acid, alkali or alkaline earth salt of one of these acids, Tris, histidine, meglumine, amino acids, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and citric acid.

22. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more solvents.

23. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of arginine, glycine, histidine and lysine.

24. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more tonicity modifiers.

25. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising additional stabilizing surfactants selected from polyethylene glycol esters, sorbitan esters (e.g. Tweens), polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, polyethoxylated castor oil and sucrose fatty acid esters.

26. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising additional stabilizing cyclodextrins selected from α and γ-cyclodextrin and cyclodextrins modified with alkyl-, hydroxyalkyl-, dialkyl-, and sulfoalkyl-ether modified cyclodextrins such as methyl or hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrins (HPβCD), sulfoalkylether-substituted beta-cyclodextrin and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD).