US20190195606A1

US20190195606A1 - Mechanical blasthole stemming device for blasting operations

Info

Publication number: US20190195606A1
Application number: US16/322,389
Authority: US
Inventors: Sergey Viktorovich LUKSHA; Dmitriy Sergeevich TUKNOV
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-08-02
Filing date: 2016-11-10
Publication date: 2019-06-27
Also published as: EA201900078A1; RU2634131C1; WO2018026307A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of blasting operations. The mechanical stemming device has the following elements. A sleeve having expandable structures and, positioned in a cavity thereof, an element that has wedge-type surfaces. Conductors are arranged in the elements of the stemming plug in functional channels. The sleeve has an end surface that faces the mouth of the hole and that forms a thrust surface to allow action on this surface as the expandable structures are wedged into place. The element is equipped with a structural and functional stopping and gauging tool that has reference elements. The invention allows a stemming device to be secured at a set distance from the mouth of a hole while completely avoiding it coming into contact with the explosive.

Description

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The group of inventions relates to mechanical borderings. The technical result is increase in efficiency of bordering fixation. Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging a mine opening in the form of a blasthole or a well during drilling and blasting operations is designed in the form of a wedge type cleat door comprising an external bushing with extension structures and an element placed inside its cavity with at least one external wedge surface that interfaces with the inner surfaces of the bushing extension structures facing it. There are technological channels constructively formed inside said elements of the cleat door that functionally are the means for placement of the detonator initiating impulse conductors. The technological channels are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors outside the bushing towards the mouth of the mine opening. The bushing is designed with its end surface facing the mine opening mouth that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of the bushing in the process of wedging out of its extension structures while ensuring movement of this bushing in relation to the element with at least one wedge surface. The element with wedge surface is fitted with a constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool that is mechanically coupled with this element in the axial direction. Said retaining and measuring tool is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of the specified cleat door installation positioning from the mine opening mouth, as well as the tool for coupling of the element with wedge surface with rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said element in the process of wedging out of the bushing extension structures. 2 independent and 4 dependent claims, 5 drawings.
The invention primarily relates to drilling and blasting operations in hard rocks, and it may be used in different national economy fields where drilling and blasting operations at ore mining and non-metal mining facilities are applied. Without limitation, it may be used: in demolition of buildings, modules, crushing out of foundations and caked ore; in blasting operations in underground and exploring mines; in blasting operations during construction of tunnels and subway tunnel lines, etc.
The main condition for performance of drilling and blasting operations is provision of their safety for operational personnel performing thereof and nearby personnel.
These conditions shall be regulated by federal standards and regulations in the field of industrial safety during blasting operations.
One of the conditions for provision of safety when implementing the technology for charging mine openings in the form of blastholes or wells is necessity to observe safety measures that exclude dynamic effects on an explosive charge placed in an operation bag, and priming means thereof (i.e. a blasthole or a well).
Generally, unauthorized dynamic effects on an explosive charge and priming means thereof may occur during planting and fixation of a mechanical bordering (especially of cleat wedge type, i.e. the cleat door) in a mine opening (blasthole or well) since its (bordering) fixation requires axial dynamic impact on the appropriate cleat door wedge structure towards the charge and means for priming thereof (detonator). As a result, unauthorized and uncontrolled impact on the explosive charge and, accordingly, on the means for priming thereof may occur, which is unacceptable in terms of provision of safety of drilling and blasting operations. Furthermore, as a result of impact when plastic explosive is used as a blasting charge, pressing out of explosive to through technological cavities of mechanical bordering and, therethrough, to the mine opening (blasthole or well) mouth area occurs, which is also unacceptable in terms of safety of drilling and blasting operations. In addition, it reduces the efficiency factor (EF) of the blast energy and, consequently, reduces performance of a corresponding process.
According to the aforesaid, mechanical tools (in particular, borderings) used for implementation of the technology for charging a mine opening (blasthole or well) shall reliably provide prevention of dynamic impact on a blasting charge or a detonator with initiating impulse conductors from the side of the mechanical bordering in the form of a cleat door in the process of fixing thereof in the functional cavity of the mine opening (blasthole or well). For this purpose, special mechanical bordering constructions that ensure fixation thereof in the functional and technological cavity of a mine opening without directly contacting the blasting charge by the bordering and associated explosion capable tools (detonators) shall be used. Also, in the process of installation and fixation of these mechanical borderings certain techniques of fixation thereof are used in technologically set spatial position.
Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging a mine opening in the form of a blasthole or a well during drilling and blasting operations designed in the form of a wedge type cleat door is known in the prior art, and the cleat door structurally comprises:

- external bushing with extension structures;
- an element placed inside its (bushing) cavity with at least one external wedge surface that interfaces with the inner surfaces of the bushing extension structures facing it.

However, said elements of the cleat door have technological channels constructively formed inside thereof that functionally serve as the means for placement of the detonator initiating impulse conductors, and they (i.e., technological channels) are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors outside the bushing towards the mouth of the mine opening functional cavity.
The bushing is designed with its end surface facing the mine opening mouth that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon (by means of the power cylinder rod) along the axis of the bushing (or the mine opening functional cavity) in the process of wedging out of its extension structures while ensuring movement of this bushing in relation to the element with at least one wedge surface (RU, No. 139745, U1).
The disadvantages of this solution known in the prior art include the complexity of the cleat door construction due to requirement to use a power cylinder with a rest (to carry out reverse wedging out) in the process of solution of the set problem. However, wedging out by means of the power cylinder is, in any case, carried out due to inner wedge end surface resting on the blasting charge. That is, dynamic contact of the mechanical bordering with the blasting charge is not prevented.
The claimed invention is based on development of such mechanical bordering design used for implementation of the technology for charging a mine opening in the form of a blasthole or a well during drilling and blasting operations industrial embodiment of which would completely prevent dynamic impact on the blasting charge explosive (and, respectively, dynamic impact on a detonator with initiating impulse conductors) using appropriate bordering constructional structures in the process of installation and fixation in a mine opening in the form of a blasthole or the bordering well in the form of a cleat door, with simultaneous simplification of the same.
Technical result shall be provision of bordering fixation in the form of a cleat door in operating (i.e. fixed in the mine opening functional cavity) position at a technologically set distance away from the mine opening mouth that provides complete prevention thereof from dynamic contact with the blasting charge explosive while simplifying the construction of the cleat door used (for implementation of the charging technology) by removal of the power cylinder (resting on the blasting charge for reverse wedging out) from its construction that is necessary for placement of the bordering in the prototype device.
According to the first implementation variant of the patentable technical solution, the set technical result is achieved by the fact that the mechanical bordering for implementation of technology for charging a mine opening in the form of a blasthole or a well during drilling and blasting operations is designed in the form of a wedge cleat door structurally comprising:

- external bushing with extension structures;
- an element placed inside its cavity with at least one external wedge surface that interfaces with the inner surfaces of the bushing extension structures facing it;

however, said elements of the cleat door have technological channels constructively formed inside thereof that functionally serve as the means for placement of the detonator initiating impulse conductors, and they (i.e., technological channels) are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors outside the bushing towards the mouth of the mine opening functional cavity;

- and the bushing is designed with its end surface facing the mine opening mouth that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of the bushing in the process of wedging out of its extension structures while ensuring movement of this bushing in relation to the element with at least one wedge surface,

according to the invention:

- element with at least one wedge surface is fitted with a constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool that is mechanically coupled with this element in the axial direction;
- however, said retaining and measuring tool is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of the specified cleat door installation positioning from the mine opening mouth and, accordingly, is the tool for coupling of the element with at least one wedge surface with rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said element (with at least one wedge surface) in set position at the specified cleat door installation site in the process of wedging out of said bushing extension structures.

Retaining and measuring tool may be designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference marks in the form of metric scale, the free end of which (i.e. structure) functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure (e.g. operator arm holding the free end of such structure).
The most preferred method is to make retaining and measuring tool in the form of a bar with technologically set length as the measuring tool that is functionally a constructional structure of an element with at least one wedge surface;
However, this bar shall have L-shaped projection at its end (protruding outside the bushing and facing the mine opening mouth) that functionally is the reference element for coupling with rigid base structure (which, for example, functionally can be the area of a rock surface adjacent to the mouth of the mine opening). And this L-shaped projection shall be fitted with a thrust surface to ensure contact with said area of rock surface.
According to the second implementation variant of the patentable technical solution, the set technical result is achieved by the fact that the mechanical bordering for implementation of technology for charging a mine opening in the form of a blasthole or a well during drilling and blasting operations is designed in the form of a wedge cleat door structurally comprising:

- two mutually movable constructional elements with opposing wedge surfaces that interface with each other when said constructional elements are in the operating position in the course of wedging out;
- however, at least one said element of the cleat door has technological channels constructively formed inside thereof that functionally serve as the means for placement of the detonator initiating impulse conductors, and they (i.e., technological channels) are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors outside the cleat door towards the mouth of the mine opening functional cavity;
- and the first of the mutually movable elements has an end surface with larger area facing the mine opening mouth that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of the cleat door in the course of wedging out, with provision of movement for this first element with the wedge surface in relation to the second, mating element that interfaces with it,

according to the invention:
the second mutually moveable element of the cleat door is fitted with a constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool that is mechanically coupled with this second element in the axial direction,

- however, said retaining and measuring tool is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of the specified cleat door installation positioning from the mine opening mouth and, accordingly, is the tool for coupling of the second structural element with the rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said second element in set position at the specified cleat door installation site in the process of wedging out of mutually movable elements thereof.

Retaining and measuring tool 19 may be designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference marks in the form of metric scale, the free end of which (i.e. structure) functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure (e.g. operator arm holding the free end of such structure).
The most preferred method is to make the measuring tool in the form of a bar with technologically set length that is functionally a constructional structure of the second structural element (held in axial direction) of the cleat door;

- however, this bar has L-shaped projection at its end (protruding outside the cleat door and facing the mine opening mouth) that functionally is the reference element for coupling with said rigid base structure (which, for example, functionally can be the area of a rock surface adjacent to the mouth of the mine opening). And this L-shaped projection is fitted with a thrust surface to ensure contact with said area of rock surface.

The analysis of the prior art including the research throughout patent and scientific-technical information sources, as well as detection of sources containing data on solutions analogous to the claimed technical solution carried out by the Applicant has allowed to establish that analogous solutions characterized in features and links therebetween, identical or equivalent to all the essential features of claimed technical solutions have not been found. The prototype selected from the analogous solutions found (as the most similar analogous solution according to its combination of features) allowed detecting a combination of essential (as related to the technical result noticed by the Applicant) distinctive features in claimed subjects of the invention disclosed in claims.
Therefore, claimed technical solutions comply with the “novelty” patentability condition according to applicable legislation.
In order to verify compliance of claimed technical solutions with the “inventive level” patentability condition, the Applicant performed additional research of similar solutions known in the prior art to detect features matching the features of the claimed technical solutions distinctive in relation to the prototype. The results show that claimed technical solutions are not obvious (for persons skilled in the art) in view of prior art since no influence of conversions provided by the essential features of claimed technical solutions on achievement of the technical result noticed by the Applicant has been found.
In particular, the claimed technical solutions do not provide for the following conversions of the known prototype subject:

- amendment of the known subject by any known feature appended thereto according to known rules for achievement of technical result in relation to which influence of such exact amendments has been discovered;
- substitution of any feature of the known subject with another known feature for achievement of technical result in relation to which influence of such exact substitution has been discovered;
- exclusion of any feature of the known subject with simultaneous exclusion of the function determined by availability of this function's feature and, herewith, achievement of a result common for such exclusion;
- increase in the number of homotypic features in the known subject for improvement of the technical result determined by availability of such exact features in the subject;
- making of the known subject or a part thereof using a known material for achievement of the technical result determined by known properties of the material;
- creation of a subject that includes known features selection of which and association therebetween are implemented on the basis of known rules and, herewith, the technical result achieved is determined by known properties of this subject's features and association therebetween only.

Therefore, claimed technical solutions comply with the “inventive level” patentability condition according to applicable legislation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The mechanical bordering is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1—one of possible construction diagrams of a mechanical bordering in the form of a cleat door (that can be used for industrial embodiment of the technology for charging of mine opening) according to the first structural embodiment (claims 1-3).

FIG. 2—view A according to FIG. 1.

FIG. 3—flow diagram of mine opening charging implementation with placement of the mechanical bordering construction in its functional cavity in the form of a cleat door according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4—one of possible construction diagrams of a mechanical bordering in the form of a cleat door (that can be used for industrial embodiment of the technology for charging of mine opening) according to the second structural embodiment (claims 4-6).

FIG. 5—view B according to FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Structures and elements of corresponding structural design of mechanical bordering in the form of the cleat door and other structures installed in the functional cavity of the mine opening (blasthole or well) in the drawings are marked as follows:

- 1—mine opening (technological type for blasting charge planting and associated technological tools);
- 2—cavity (of functional type for technological mine opening 1);
- 3—detonator (of blasting charge 5 of explosive);
- 4—conductors (of initiating impulse of detonator 2);
- 5—charge (of blasting type of explosive);
- 6—door (of cleat wedge type);
- 7—bushing (of external type of cleat door 6 under FIG. 1 and FIG. 2);
- 8 and 9—structures (of constructional extension type of bushings 7);
- 10—element (with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12 interfacing with structures 8 and 9 of bushing 7);
- 11 and 12—surfaces (of wedge type of element 10);
- 13 and 14—surfaces (of internal type of extension structures 8 and 9 respectively of bushing 7);
- 15 and 16—channels (of technological type for arrangement of initiating impulse conductors 4);
- 17—mouth (of technological mine opening—blasthole or well);
- 18—tamping rod;
- 19—tool (of constructional and technological retaining and measuring type);
- 20—projection (of L-shaped fixing type of retaining and measuring tool 19);
- 21—area (of rock surface adjacent to mouth 17 of mine opening 1);
- 22—surfaces (of thrust type of L-shaped projection 20);
- 23 and 24—elements (of mutually movable and constructional type of cleat door 6 under FIG. 4 and FIG. 5);
- 25 and 26—surfaces (of wedge type of elements 23 and 24 respectively);
- 27—fixing device (of installation type of elements 23 and 24).

Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging mine opening 1 in the form of the blasthole or the well during drilling and blasting operations is designed in the form of wedge type cleat door 6 (in compliance to the first structural embodiment according to claims 1-3, FIGS. 1-3) comprises the following functional elements and structures.
External bushing 7 with extension structures 8 and 9. Element 10 placed inside its (bushing 7) cavity with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12 that interfaces with the inner surfaces 13 and 14 of the bushing extension structures 8 and 9 facing it.
However, there are technological channels 15 and 16 constructively formed inside said elements of cleat door 6 that functionally are the means for placement of detonator 3 initiating impulse conductors 4 that (i.e. technological channels 15 and 16) are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors 4 outside bushing 7 towards mouth 17 of functional cavity 2 of mine opening 1.
Bushing 7 is designed with its end surface facing mine opening 1 mouth 17 that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of bushing 7 (or mine opening 1 axis, for example, by means of tamping rod 18) in the process of wedging out of extension structures 8 and 9 of bushing 7 of cleat door 6 while ensuring movement of this bushing 7 in relation to the element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12.
Element 10 (with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12) is fitted with a constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool 19 that is mechanically coupled with this element 10 in the axial direction.
However, said retaining and measuring tool 19 is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of cleat door 6 installation positioning from mine opening 1 mouth 17 and, respectively, the tool for coupling of element 10 (with at least one wedge surface) with rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said element 10 (with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12) at the specified installation place of cleat door 6 in the process of wedging out of extension structures 8 and 9 of bushing 7.
Retaining and measuring tool 19 may be designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference elements in the form of metric scale, the free end of which (i.e. structure) functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure (e.g. operator arm holding the free end of such structure).
The most preferred method is to make retaining and measuring tool 19 in the form of a bar with technologically set length as the measuring tool that is functionally a constructional structure of element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12.
However, this bar shall have L-shaped projection 20 at its end (protruding outside bushing 7 and facing mine opening mouth 17) that functionally is the reference element for coupling with rigid base structure (which, for example, functionally can be area 21 of the rock surface adjacent to mouth 17 of mine opening 1). In this case, L-shaped projection 20 shall be fitted with thrust surface 22 for provision of contact with said area 21 of the rock surface.
It is understood that the particular cases of structural design of mechanical bordering and its retaining and measuring tools (see claims 2 and 3) disclosed in the first structural embodiment of the patentable bordering in the form of a wedge cleat door are not the only possible for implementation of technical result specified in the application materials and are given only as an example of its implementation possibility. Other structural embodiments of mechanical borderings with retaining and measuring tools functionally complying with the features of claim 1 and not disclosed herein are also possible as they are structural and technological know-how of the Applicant.
Functioning of the claimed mechanical bordering (according to the first industrial embodiment, claims 1-3) is disclosed in details in the example of the method of implementation of the technology for charging the mine opening in the form of the blasthole or the well during drilling and blasting operations using this bordering comprising the following.
This method includes sequential planting of the following items into functional cavity 2 of pre-drilled mine opening 1:

- detonator 3 with conductors 4 of initiating impulse;
- blasting charge per se 5;
- and mechanical bordering in the form of a wedge type cleat door 6 that structurally comprises an external bushing 7 with extension structures 8 and 9 and element 10 placed inside its cavity with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12 that interfaces with inner surfaces 13 and 14 of the bushing extension structures facing it.

Generally, cleat door 6 is made of elastically deformable material (for example, plastic or other polymer material).
However, before installation of said cleat door 6, detonator 3 initiating impulse conductors 4 are placed inside technological channels 15 and 16 formed in its constructional elements, with extension thereof (conductors 4) outside the functional cavity 2 of mine opening 1.
Upon insertion of cleat door 6 in mine opening 1 mouth 17, its putting through mine opening 1 by the technological tamping rod 18 at a set distance is performed, and fixation of cleat door 6 in this position is carried out.
To carry out fixation of cleat door 6, wedging out of bushing 7 extension structures 8 and 9 is performed by external impact in the direction of arrow F on its end surface (located on the side of mine opening mouth) along the mine opening axis by means of said tamping rod 18 towards planted blasting charge 5 ensuring movement of this bushing 7 in the direction of arrow S in relation to element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12.
In the course of said operation of putting cleat door 6 forward, constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool 19 is used that is fixed axially in relation to said element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12 of cleat door 6.
The distance of the specified installation of cleat door 6 from mine opening 1 mouth 17 is registered by the reference elements. In one of the particular embodiments, for example, constructional and technological fixing projection 20 formed at retaining and measuring tool 19 may be used as the reference element. However, mechanical axial holding of element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12 at the specified installation place of cleat door 6 during wedging out of above extension structures 8 and 9 of bushing 7 of cleat door 6. For this purpose, fixation of retaining and measuring tool 19 in relation to rigid base structure is performed.
It is acceptable to use flexible structure, for example, in the form of cable or tape with reference elements in the form of metric scale as retaining and measuring tool 19 and operator arm as the rigid base structure holding the free end of cable or tape.
It is preferably, as pointed out above, to use the element, for example, in the form of a bar with technologically set length as the retaining and measuring tool that is functionally a constructional structure of element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12. Moreover, this structure shall have L-shaped projection 20 at its end located in mouth 17 area of mine opening 1. In this case it is reasonable to functionally use area 21 of the rock surface adjacent to mouth 17 of the mine opening as the rigid base structure that is engaged with thrust surface 22 of L-shaped projection 20 during operation of putting cleat door 6 along mine opening 1.
Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging the mine opening in the form of the blasthole or the well during drilling and blasting operations is designed in the form of wedge type cleat door 6 (in compliance to the second structural embodiment according to claims 4-6, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5) comprises the following functional elements and structures.
Two mutually movable constructional elements 23 and 24 with opposing wedge surfaces 25 and 26 that interface with each other when said constructional elements 23 and 24 are in the operating position during wedging out in the course of relative movement.
Moreover, there are technological channels 15 and 16 constructively formed inside at least one of said elements 23 and 24 of cleat door 6 that functionally are the means for placement of detonator 3 initiating impulse conductors. These technological channels 15 and 16 are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors 4 outside cleat door 6 and, respectively, outside the functional cavity 2 of mine opening 1.
The first of mutually movable elements 23 has an end surface with larger area facing the mine opening 1 mouth 17 that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of cleat door 6 (or functional cavity 2 of mine opening 1) in the course of wedging out, with provision of movement for this first element 23 with the wedge surface in relation to the second, mating element 24 that interfaces with it.
The second mutually moveable element 24 of cleat door 6 is fitted with constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool 19 that is mechanically coupled with this second element 24 in the axial direction.
However, said retaining and measuring tool 19 is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of the specified cleat door 6 installation positioning from the mine opening 1 mouth 17 and, accordingly, is the tool for coupling of the second structural element 24 with the rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said second element 24 in set position at the specified cleat door installation site in the process of wedging out of mutually movable elements 23 and 24 thereof.
Retaining and measuring tool may be designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference marks in the form of metric scale, the free end of which (i.e. structure) functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure (e.g. operator arm holding the free end of such structure).
The most preferred method is to make retaining and measuring tool 19 in the form of a bar with technologically set length that is functionally a constructional structure of the second structural element 24 (held in axial direction) of the cleat door;
However, this bar has L-shaped projection 20 at its end (protruding outside cleat door 6 and facing mine opening 1 mouth 17) that functionally is the reference element for coupling with said rigid base structure (which, for example, functionally can be area 21 of the rock surface adjacent to mouth 17 of mine opening 1).
In this case, L-shaped projection 20 shall be fitted with thrust surface 22 for provision of contact with said area 21 of the rock surface.
It is understood that the particular cases of structural design of retaining and measuring tools (see claims 5 and 6) disclosed in the second structural embodiment of the patentable bordering in the form of a wedge cleat door are not the only possible for implementation of technical result specified in the application materials and are given only as an example of its implementation possibility. Other structural embodiments of mechanical borderings with retaining and measuring tools functionally complying with the features of claim 1 and not disclosed herein are also possible as they are structural and technological know-how of the Applicant.
Functioning of the claimed mechanical bordering (according to the second industrial embodiment, claims 4-6) is disclosed in details in the example of the method of implementation of the technology for charging the mine opening in the form of the blasthole or the well during drilling and blasting operations using this bordering comprising the following.
A method of implementation of the technology for charging mine opening 1 in the form of a blasthole or a well during drilling and blasting operations, according to the industrial embodiment using mechanical bordering design as per its second patentable embodiment comprising the following.
Sequential planting of the following items into functional cavity 2 of pre-drilled mine opening 1 is carried out in the considered method:

- detonator 3 with conductors 4 of initiating impulse;
- blasting charge per se 5;
- and mechanical bordering in the form of a cleat door of wedge type that constructively comprises two mutually movable constructional elements 23 and 24 with opposing wedge surfaces 25 and 26 that interface with each other in the course of relative movement of said constructive elements 23 and 24.

However, before installation of said cleat door 6, the detonator 3 initiating impulse conductors 4 are placed inside technological channels 15 and 16 formed in its constructional elements 23 and 24, with extension thereof (conductors 4) outside the functional cavity 2 of a mine opening 1.
Elements 23 and 24 are temporary fixed by means of fixing device 27 in installation-ready cleat door 6.
Upon insertion of cleat door 6 in mine opening 1 mouth 17, its putting through mine opening 1 by the technological tamping rod 18 at a set distance is performed, and fixation of cleat door 6 in this position is carried out.
To carry out above fixation, wedging out of mutually movable constructional elements 23 and 24 of cleat door 6 is performed by external impact on the face of corresponding element 23 with wedge surface 25 along mine opening 1 axis by means of said tamping rod 18 towards planted blasting charge 5 ensuring movement of this element 23 with wedge surface 25 in relation to the second, mating element 24 that interfaces therewith (in this case fixing device 27 is disengaged or extended).
In the course of said operation of putting cleat door 6 forward, constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool 19 is used that is fixed axially in relation to said second, mating element 24 of cleat door 6.
The distance of the specified installation of cleat door 6 from mine opening 1 mouth 17 is registered by the reference elements or by constructional and technological fixing projection 20 formed on reference measuring tool 19 (that, in this case, functionally is the reference element for coupling with rigid base structure).
In the course of wedging out of said mutually movable elements 23 and 24 of cleat door 6, mechanical axial holding of the element 24 associated with the reference measuring tool 19 is performed along the axis of the specified installation place of cleat door 6. For this purpose, fixation of reference measuring tool 19 in relation to rigid base structure is performed.
It is acceptable to use cable or tape with reference elements in the form of metric scale as reference measuring tool 19 and, thus, the operator arm as the rigid base structure holding the free end of cable or tape.
The most preferable method, as pointed out above, to use the element, for example, in the form of a bar with technologically set length that is functionally a constructional structure of corresponding structural element 24 held in axial direction of cleat door 6 as retaining and measuring tool 19. In this case, this structure shall have L-shaped projection 20 at its end located in mouth 17 area of mine opening 1 In this case it is reasonable to functionally use area 21 of the rock surface adjacent to mouth 17 of mine opening 1 as the rigid base structure that is engaged with thrust surface 22 of L-shaped projection 20 during operation of putting cleat door 6 along mine opening 1.
It is particularly apparent that the following items may be used as initiating impulse conductors 4 in any variant of implementation of the method utilizing patentable structural embodiments of mechanical borderings: electric wires, blasting fuse with thermal flammable substance or duct preferably of fiber optics (depending on the design of the used blasting charge detonator).
Thus, the abovementioned information demonstrates fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed technical solutions:

- the subject matters embodying the claimed technical solutions during their industrial implementation are to be used in the field of drilling and blasting operations in hard rocks, and they may be used in the industry fields where blasting operations are applied (preferably in rock masses of hard rocks, i.e. at ore mining and non-metal mining facilities), as well as: in demolition of buildings, modules, crushing out of foundations and caked ore; in blasting operations in underground and exploring mines; in blasting operations during construction of tunnels and subway tunnel lines, etc.;
- for the claimed subject matters in the same form as they were characterized in independent claims stated below, the possibility of their use is approved by using means and methods described above in the application or known in the prior art as of the priority date;
- the subject matters embodying the claimed technical solutions during their implementation can provide achieving of the technical result noticed by the applicant: provision of bordering fixation in the form of cleat door 6 in operating (i.e. fixed in mine opening 1) position at a technologically set distance away from the mine opening 1 mouth 17 that provides complete prevention from dynamic contact with the blasting charge 5 explosive while simplifying the construction of cleat door 6 used in the method implementation by removal of the power cylinder from it.

Therefore, the claimed technical solutions comply with the requirement of “industrial applicability” patentability conditions according to applicable legislation.

Claims

1. Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging the mine opening in the form of the blasthole or the well during drilling and blasting operations is designed in the form of the wedge type cleat door structurally comprising the external bushing with extension structures and the element placed inside its cavity with at least one external wedge surface that interfaces with the inner surfaces of the bushing extension structures facing it; however, there are the technological channels constructively formed inside said elements of the cleat door that functionally are the means for placement of the detonator initiating impulse conductors that (i.e. technological channels) are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors outside the bushing towards the mine opening mouth, and the bushing is designed with its end surface facing the mine opening mouth that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of the bushing in the process of wedging out of its extension structures while ensuring movement of this bushing in relation to the element with at least one wedge surface, characterized in that the element with at least one wedge surface is fitted with a constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool that is mechanically coupled with this element in the axial direction; however, said retaining and measuring tool is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of the specified cleat door installation positioning from the mine opening mouth and, accordingly, is the tool for coupling of the element with at least one wedge surface with rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said element (with at least one wedge surface) in set position at the specified cleat door installation site in the process of wedging out of said bushing extension structures.

2. Mechanical bordering according to claim 1 characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference marks in the form of metric scale, the free end of which functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure, e.g. operator arm holding the free end of such structure.

3. Mechanical bordering according to claim 1 characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a bar with technologically set length as the measuring tool that is functionally a constructional structure of an element with at least one wedge surface; however, this bar has the L-shaped projection at its end protruding outside the bushing, that functionally is the reference element for coupling with rigid base structure which functionally, for example, is the area of the rock surface adjacent to the mine opening mouth; and this L-shaped projection is fitted with the thrust surface to ensure contact with said area of rock surface.

4. Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging a mine opening in the form of a blasthole or a well during drilling and blasting operations designed in the form of a wedge type cleat door that structurally comprises two mutually movable constructional elements with opposing wedge surfaces that interface with each other when said constructional elements are in the operating position in the course of wedging out. However, at least one said element of the cleat door has technological channels constructively formed inside thereof that functionally serve as the means for placement of the detonator initiating impulse conductors, and they (i.e., technological channels) are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors outside the cleat door towards the mouth of the mine opening functional cavity. And the first of the mutually movable elements has an end surface with larger area facing the mine opening mouth that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of the cleat door in the course of wedging out, with provision of movement for this first element with the wedge surface in relation to the second, mating element that interfaces with it characterized in that the second mutually moveable element is fitted with constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool that is mechanically coupled with this second element in the axial direction, wherein said retaining and measuring tool is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of the specified cleat door installation positioning from the mine opening mouth and, accordingly, is the tool for coupling of the second structural element with the rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said second element in set position at the specified cleat door installation site in the process of wedging out of mutually movable elements thereof.

5. Mechanical bordering according to claim 4 characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference marks in the form of metric scale the free end of which functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure (e.g. operator arm holding the free end of the flexible structure).

6. Mechanical bordering according to claim 4 characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a bar with technologically set length that is functionally a constructional structure of the second structural element (held in axial direction) of the cleat door. However, this bar has L-shaped projection at its end (protruding outside the cleat door) that (i.e. the L-shaped projection) functionally is the reference element for coupling with said rigid base structure (which, for example, functionally can be the area of the rock surface adjacent to the mouth of mine opening). And this L-shaped projection is fitted with a thrust surface to ensure contact with said area of rock surface.