US20180142596A1 - Injection module and exhaust system having an injection module - Google Patents

Injection module and exhaust system having an injection module Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180142596A1
US20180142596A1 US15/315,564 US201515315564A US2018142596A1 US 20180142596 A1 US20180142596 A1 US 20180142596A1 US 201515315564 A US201515315564 A US 201515315564A US 2018142596 A1 US2018142596 A1 US 2018142596A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
reducing agent
exhaust system
outlet openings
injection module
primary jets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/315,564
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English (en)
Inventor
Markus Buerglin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Assigned to ROBERT BOSCH GMBH reassignment ROBERT BOSCH GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BUERGLIN, MARKUS
Publication of US20180142596A1 publication Critical patent/US20180142596A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection module, in particular an injection module for injecting a reducing agent into the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, and to an exhaust system fitted with an injection module of this kind.
  • SCR technology (“selective catalytic reduction”) using a urea-containing liquid reducing agent (“AdBlue®”) has proven its worth in removing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gases of diesel engines.
  • the liquid reducing agent an aqueous urea solution
  • the SCR catalyst is sprayed into the exhaust gas stream upstream of a reducing agent catalyst and, at the same time, finely atomized before the exhaust gas/reducing agent mixture is fed to the SCR catalyst.
  • the reducing agent In order to achieve a high nitrogen oxide conversion rate with the minimum reducing agent slip, the reducing agent must be distributed as uniformly as possible over the inlet area of the catalyst. Hitherto, this has been achieved either by means of a mixer mounted in the exhaust pipe or by means of a long mixing section between the point at which the reducing agent is metered in and the catalyst.
  • DE 44 17 238 A1 discloses a device for reducing nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, having an inlet chamber, a hydrolysis catalyst, a deNOx catalyst and an oxidation catalyst, in which the inlet chamber, the hydrolysis catalyst, the deNOx catalyst and the oxidation catalyst form a substantially cylindrical unit through which the exhaust gas stream can flow in the sequence stated and the diameter of the inlet chamber exceeds the diameter of the hydrolysis catalyst. This ensures that the exhaust gas mixed with a reducing agent in the inlet chamber enters the catalyst with a uniform distribution of the reducing agent and an exhaust gas flow density which is as uniform as possible over the cross section of the exhaust system.
  • DE 10 2010 039 079 A1 describes an injection device for injecting a fluid into an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, having a first flow region, which is designed in such a way that the fluid flows substantially in a first direction of flow, which is parallel to a valve axis, in the first flow region during operation; a valve plate, which delimits the first flow region downstream, wherein a valve opening which has a smaller cross section than the first flow region in a plane orthogonal to the valve axis is formed in the valve plate; and at least one spray hole plate, which is formed downstream of the valve opening and has at least one injection hole, which is designed in such a way that the fluid flows out of the injection hole in a second direction of flow during operation.
  • the second direction of flow has a component aligned in the direction of the valve axis.
  • reducing agent spray which is as flat as possible but as far as possible covers the full area is required.
  • reducing agent spray In order to avoid unwanted deposits of the reducing agent in the exhaust system, only a limited quantity of the reducing agent must strike the walls of the exhaust system.
  • DE 10 2013 223 296 discloses an injection module for injecting a reducing agent into the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, having at least two outlet openings for dispensing a reducing agent primary jet in each case.
  • the outlet openings are designed in such a way that the reducing agent primary jets emerging through the outlet openings meet in the exhaust system in order to produce a spray mist.
  • One object of the invention is to optimize the spray mist produced by a jet collision in the exhaust system and, in particular, to produce a spray mist (“spray”) which as far as possible covers the full area and has a mass distribution which is as uniform as possible.
  • An injection module according to the invention for injecting a reducing agent into the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine has at least two outlet openings for dispensing at least one reducing agent primary jet in each case.
  • the outlet openings are formed in such a way that the reducing agent primary jets emerging through the at least two outlet openings do not meet over their full area but with only a partial overlap in order to produce a spray mist in the exhaust system by means of the collision.
  • the invention also comprises a method of injecting a reducing agent into the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, wherein the method includes injecting at least two reducing agent primary jets into the exhaust system in such a way that they do not meet over their full area but with only a partial overlap in order to produce a suitable spray mist in the exhaust system.
  • the outlet openings In order to implement the partially overlapping collision of the reducing agent primary jets in accordance with the invention, it is possible, in particular, for the outlet openings to be arranged offset and/or tilted relative to one another. By arranging the outlet openings in a manner offset and/or tilted relative to one another, partially overlapping collision of the reducing agent primary jets can be achieved in an effective manner and by simple means.
  • the overlap is in a range of from 30% to 70%, in particular in a range of from 40% to 60%, of the area of the primary jets.
  • An overlap in this range has proven particularly advantageous for the production of a spray mist which is as uniform as possible.
  • the outlet openings are less than 5 mm apart, in particular less than 2 mm apart, ensuring that, from their respective outlet opening to the point of collision, the primary jets are compact jets that have not yet broken down into individual droplets. If the primary jets have already broken down into individual droplets, individual droplets repeatedly lack collision partners; collision is therefore optimized by compact jets.
  • the outlet openings are formed in such a way that the reducing agent primary jets meet at an angle of more than 30° in order to optimize the collision between the two primary jets and bring about optimum atomization of the primary jets.
  • the outlet openings are formed in such a way that the reducing agent primary jets meet after a free path length of less than 10 mm, in particular of less than 5 mm, in order to avoid the primary jets splitting into individual droplets before the point of collision.
  • the outlet openings preferably have a circular cross section since the jet diameter and the outlet angle of the jet are precisely defined in the case of a circular cross section.
  • the outlet openings can also be formed with an oval cross section.
  • the invention also comprises a section of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine in which an injection module according to the invention is provided.
  • the section of the exhaust system has, in addition to the injection module, a shielding plate, which is designed and arranged in such a way that it prevents the spray mist from striking a wall of the exhaust system. Unwanted deposits of the reducing agent, which could negatively affect the flow properties in the exhaust system, are in this way reliably prevented.
  • the shielding plate can have one or more openings, which allow a defined flow of the exhaust gases through the shielding plate in order to selectively influence the flow behavior of the exhaust gases in the exhaust system.
  • the shielding plate is arranged in such a way that a buildup chamber is formed between the shielding plate and at least one wall of the exhaust system.
  • a buildup chamber is formed between the shielding plate and at least one wall of the exhaust system.
  • an additional plate is arranged upstream of the injection module to prevent the reducing agent spray mist from being dispersed by the exhaust flow at the point of collision of the primary jets and thus to ensure reliable production of a spray mist by the primary jets.
  • an oxidation catalyst is arranged upstream of the injection module, and a reduction catalyst is arranged downstream of the injection module, in order to ensure optimum exhaust gas purification.
  • the injection module is arranged in a connecting duct which connects the outlet of the oxidation catalyst with the inlet of the reduction catalyst in terms of flow in order to feed the reducing agent to the exhaust gases directly ahead of the reduction catalyst.
  • the direction of flow of the exhaust gases is changed by the connecting duct.
  • This allows a particularly compact structural shape of the exhaust system and brings about swirling of the exhaust gas flow.
  • Such swirling of the exhaust gas flow results in particularly effective mixing of the exhaust gases with the reducing agent spray mist.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an exhaust system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic partially sectioned view of an injection module according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 a shows the collision of two primary jets which meet over their full area.
  • FIG. 3 b shows a graphical representation of a spray mist of the kind produced by the collision shown in FIG. 3 a.
  • FIG. 4 a shows the collision of two primary jets which meet with a slight overlap.
  • FIG. 4 b shows a graphical representation of a spray mist of the kind produced by the collision shown in FIG. 4 a.
  • FIG. 5 a shows the collision of two primary jets 13 which meet with a considerable but not full overlap.
  • FIG. 5 b shows a graphical representation of a spray mist of the kind produced by the collision shown in FIG. 5 a.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an internal combustion engine 2 having an exhaust system 22 .
  • Fresh air 7 a is fed into the cylinders 2 a - 2 d of the engine 2 via a compressor 1 of a turbocharger 1 , 3 .
  • the exhaust gases formed during operation in the cylinders 2 a - 2 d pass through a turbine 3 of the turbocharger 1 , 3 , which drives the compressor 1 , into an oxidation catalyst 4 arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine 2 .
  • a reducing agent catalyst 6 In addition to the oxidation catalyst 4 , there is a reducing agent catalyst 6 .
  • This can be designed as an SCR catalyst 6 or as a particulate filter with an SCR catalyst coating.
  • the outlet of the oxidation catalyst 4 and the inlet of the reducing agent catalyst 6 are connected to one another in terms of flow by a connecting duct 5 , with the result that the exhaust gases from the oxidation catalyst 4 flow through the connecting duct 5 into the reducing agent catalyst 6 .
  • the exhaust gases 7 b purified by the catalysts 4 , 5 emerge from the reducing agent catalyst 6 into the environment.
  • an injection module 10 mounted on the connecting duct 5 is an injection module 10 according to the invention, which is supplied with a liquid reducing agent, in particular an aqueous urea solution (“AdBlue®”), by a reducing agent metering system, which is conventional and is therefore not shown in detail.
  • a liquid reducing agent in particular an aqueous urea solution (“AdBlue®”)
  • AdBlue® aqueous urea solution
  • the injection module 10 produces a reducing agent spray mist 11 in the connecting duct 5 between the oxidation catalyst 4 and the reducing agent catalyst 6 .
  • a shielding plate 20 is arranged in front of the wall 24 , in particular between the injection module 10 and the wall 24 .
  • the shielding plate 20 is narrower than the connecting duct 5 , with the result that some of the exhaust gas flow emerging from the oxidation catalyst 4 flows to the side of the shielding plate 20 (at the top in the illustration in FIG. 1 ) into a buildup chamber 15 formed between the wall 24 of the connecting duct 5 and the shielding plate 20 and produces an excess pressure (“backpressure”) there.
  • the exhaust gas flow from the buildup chamber 15 into the region of the spray mist 11 through the openings 16 is symbolized by exhaust gas flow arrows 7 c.
  • the shielding plate 20 can be embodied as a low-cost perforated plate.
  • An additional baffle plate 17 can be mounted upstream, adjacent to the injection module 10 , in order to prevent dispersal of the reducing agent spray mist 11 at the collision point P of the primary jets and thus to guarantee reliable spray mist production.
  • FIG. 2 shows the end of the injection module 10 facing the connecting duct 5 in an enlarged partially sectioned representation.
  • the injection module 10 shown in FIG. 2 has two outlet openings 12 for the reducing agent, through each of which a reducing agent primary jet 13 emerges during operation.
  • Further illustrative embodiments of injection modules 10 according to the invention, which are not shown in the figures, can have additional outlet openings 12 .
  • the primary jets 13 emerging from the outlet openings 12 collide within the connecting duct 5 (not shown in FIG. 2 ) in the region in front of the injection module 10 . Owing to the respective momentum of the primary jets 13 , a finely atomized reducing agent spray mist 11 is produced in the connecting duct by the collision in accordance with the “collision beam principle”.
  • the reducing agent spray mist 11 produced in this way covers the full area and is flat.
  • the distance d between the outlet openings 12 is less than 5 mm, in particular less than 2 mm.
  • the primary jets 13 in the region between the outlet openings 12 and the collision point P of the two primary jets 13 are compact jets, which have not yet separated into individual droplets; the meeting of compact primary jets 13 optimizes the collision since each part of a first primary jet 13 meets a corresponding part of a second primary jet 13 and there are no gaps in the primary jets 13 in which no collision occurs.
  • the outlet openings 12 preferably have a circular cross section since the jet diameter and the outlet angle of the primary jet 13 are precisely defined in the case of a circular cross section.
  • the outlet openings 12 can also be formed with an oval cross section.
  • the outlet openings 12 are formed in such a way that the primary jets 13 meet at an angle a of more than 30° in order to optimize the collision between the two primary jets 13 and, in this way, to bring about optimum atomization of the primary jets 13 , thereby ensuring that a particularly fine spray mist 11 is produced in the connecting duct 5 and the reducing agent mixes in a particularly effective manner with the exhaust gases in the exhaust system 22 .
  • the outlet openings 12 are formed in such a way that the primary jets 13 meet after a free path length L, i.e. after emerging from their respective outlet opening 12 , of less than 10 mm, in particular of less than 5 mm. This is a reliable way of avoiding a situation where the primary jets 13 break down into individual droplets before the collision point P, which would reduce the effectiveness of spray mist production.
  • the collision of two primary jets 13 which meet over their full area is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3 a .
  • the spray mist 11 produced in the case of such a full-area collision of the primary jets 13 has a nonuniform mass distribution, wherein the largest proportion of the mass of the reducing agent is present in the center of the spray mist 11 .
  • the arrows 14 show the preferential directions of flow of the droplets produced in the collision, wherein the length and thickness of the arrows 14 are proportional to the mass density in the respective directions.
  • the mass distribution ⁇ of the spray mist 11 is illustrated in FIG. 3 a in a graphical diagram below the spray mist 11 as a function of the position x along the width of the spray mist 11 .
  • FIG. 3 b shows a schematic graphical representation of a spray mist 11 of this kind, as produced with a full-area collision of the primary jets 13 .
  • the density of the points is proportional to the mass density ⁇ .
  • the increased mass concentration at the center of the spray mist 11 is clearly visible.
  • FIG. 4 a shows the collision of two primary jets 13 , which meet with an overlap which is considerably smaller than the respective areas of the two primary jets 13 .
  • a spray mist 11 produced in this way also has a nonuniform mass distribution.
  • the largest proportion of the mass of the reducing agent is present at the boundaries of the spray mist 11 .
  • the arrows 14 once again show the preferential directions of flow of the droplets produced in the collision, wherein the length and thickness of the arrows 14 are proportional to the mass density in the respective directions.
  • the mass density ⁇ of the spray mist 11 is shown below the spray mist 11 as a diagram across the width of the spray mist 11 .
  • FIG. 4 b shows a graphical representation of such a spray mist 11 , wherein the density of the points is once again proportional to the mass density ⁇ .
  • FIG. 5 a shows the collision of two primary jets 13 which meet with a considerably greater overlap than in FIGS. 4 a and 4 b but not with a full overlap as shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b.
  • the mass of the reducing agent is carried uniformly both into the center of the spray mist 11 and into the boundary regions thereof.
  • the arrows 14 show the preferential directions of flow of the droplets produced in the collision, wherein the length and thickness of the arrows 14 are proportional to the mass density ⁇ in the respective directions of flow.
  • the arrows 14 have substantially the same thickness and length for all directions.
  • FIG. 5 b shows a graphical representation of such a spray mist 11 , wherein the density of the points is proportional to the mass density ⁇ .
  • An overlap of the primary jets 13 in a range of from 30% to 70%, in particular of from 40% to 60%, of the area of the primary jets 13 has proven particularly suitable. With overlaps in this range, a spray mist 11 with a particularly uniform mass distribution can be produced.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
US15/315,564 2014-06-04 2015-04-29 Injection module and exhaust system having an injection module Abandoned US20180142596A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014210638.9 2014-06-04
DE102014210638.9A DE102014210638A1 (de) 2014-06-04 2014-06-04 Einspritzmodul und Abgasstrang mit Einspritzmodul
PCT/EP2015/059357 WO2015185297A1 (de) 2014-06-04 2015-04-29 Einspritzmodul und abgasstrang mit einspritzmodul

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US20180142596A1 true US20180142596A1 (en) 2018-05-24

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US15/315,564 Abandoned US20180142596A1 (en) 2014-06-04 2015-04-29 Injection module and exhaust system having an injection module

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US (1) US20180142596A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3152420B1 (de)
KR (1) KR20170015480A (de)
CN (1) CN106536882A (de)
DE (1) DE102014210638A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2015185297A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018192663A1 (en) 2017-04-20 2018-10-25 Volvo Penta Corporation A mixer device, a use thereof and a method for mixing

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8932530B2 (en) * 2011-12-27 2015-01-13 Komatsu Ltd. Reducing agent aqueous solution mixing device and exhaust gas post-treatment device
US20150330348A1 (en) * 2012-11-20 2015-11-19 Nostrum Energy Pte. Ltd. Liquid injector atomizer with colliding jets

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4417238C2 (de) 1994-05-17 2003-03-27 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zur Minderung der Stickoxide im Abgas eines mit Luftüberschuß betriebenen Verbrennungsmotors
JP2005155404A (ja) * 2003-11-25 2005-06-16 Komatsu Ltd 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化装置
WO2006122561A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-23 Grundfos Nonox A/S Atomization of fluids by mutual impingement of fluid streams
DE102010039079A1 (de) 2010-08-09 2012-02-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Einspritzvorrichtung
DE102011018569A1 (de) * 2011-04-26 2012-10-31 Audi Ag Abgasanlage mit einem Dosierventil zum Einspritzen eines Reduktionsmittels
WO2012157066A1 (ja) * 2011-05-16 2012-11-22 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP5295316B2 (ja) * 2011-06-22 2013-09-18 三菱電機株式会社 流体噴射弁による噴霧生成方法、流体噴射弁及び噴霧生成装置
JP5349576B2 (ja) * 2011-12-27 2013-11-20 株式会社小松製作所 還元剤水溶液ミキシング装置及び排気ガス後処理装置
DE102013223296A1 (de) 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Einspritzmodul und Abgasstrang mit Einspritzmodul

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8932530B2 (en) * 2011-12-27 2015-01-13 Komatsu Ltd. Reducing agent aqueous solution mixing device and exhaust gas post-treatment device
US20150330348A1 (en) * 2012-11-20 2015-11-19 Nostrum Energy Pte. Ltd. Liquid injector atomizer with colliding jets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20170015480A (ko) 2017-02-08
CN106536882A (zh) 2017-03-22
WO2015185297A1 (de) 2015-12-10
EP3152420A1 (de) 2017-04-12
EP3152420B1 (de) 2019-04-10
DE102014210638A1 (de) 2015-12-17

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