US20180024718A1 - Systems for and methods of providing inertial scrolling and navigation using a fingerprint sensor - Google Patents
Systems for and methods of providing inertial scrolling and navigation using a fingerprint sensor Download PDFInfo
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- US20180024718A1 US20180024718A1 US15/724,285 US201715724285A US2018024718A1 US 20180024718 A1 US20180024718 A1 US 20180024718A1 US 201715724285 A US201715724285 A US 201715724285A US 2018024718 A1 US2018024718 A1 US 2018024718A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
- G06F3/0485—Scrolling or panning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
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- G06K9/00026—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
- G06V40/1335—Combining adjacent partial images (e.g. slices) to create a composite input or reference pattern; Tracking a sweeping finger movement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/033—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/033
- G06F2203/0338—Fingerprint track pad, i.e. fingerprint sensor used as pointing device tracking the fingertip image
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/033—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/033
- G06F2203/0339—Touch strips, e.g. orthogonal touch strips to control cursor movement or scrolling; single touch strip to adjust parameter or to implement a row of soft keys
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/048—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/048
- G06F2203/04806—Zoom, i.e. interaction techniques or interactors for controlling the zooming operation
Definitions
- This invention relates to input devices. More specifically, this invention relates to systems for and methods of scrolling and navigating using fingerprint sensors.
- Fingerprint sensors find many uses, including verifying a user's identity and emulating different input devices, such as computer mice, pressure-sensitive buttons, and scroll wheels. Many sensors read finger swipes to scroll through pages, menu items, slides of images, and other displayed information. Generally, when the finger swipe stops, the scrolling stops, especially if the finger is removed from the surface of the fingerprint sensor. Using conventional scrolling techniques, a user must perform multiple swipes, with several starts and stops, to scroll through a large area. Navigating in this way is both inefficient and time consuming.
- a method in a first aspect of the invention, includes generating motion of a computer display in response to swiping an object along a finger sensor. After the swiping is completed, the motion gradually changes. In one embodiment, the motion decelerates, such as with an inertial decay. A dampening factor of the inertial decay is related to a speed of the swiping or a duration of the swiping. Preferably, the inertial decay is calculated using a model of a joystick return-to-home motion.
- the method also includes stopping the motion in response to tapping the finger sensor after the swiping is completed.
- the method also includes performing an action on a computer system in response to changing a pressure on the finger sensor (e.g., by tapping the sensor) after the swiping is completed. If the computer display shows an image, the action includes either zooming in on the image or zooming out from the image.
- the motion corresponds to scrolling through a list of items, rotating an image, or moving over an image.
- the computer display shows a list of items, a region of an image, a grid menu, slides of images, a game image, or an element of a computer simulation.
- Changing the motion includes changing a speed of the computer display in response to one or more subsequent swipes after the swiping is completed.
- the speed is increased if the one or more subsequent swipes are in a same direction as the swiping.
- the speed is decreased if the one or more subsequent swipes are in a different direction as the swiping.
- the method also includes accelerating the motion by holding the object stationary on the finger sensor before the swiping is completed.
- the finger sensor is a finger swipe sensor.
- the finger sensor is a finger placement sensor.
- a navigation system in a second aspect of the invention, includes a finger sensor and a translator module.
- the translator module is programmed for gradually changing a motion of a computer display in response to completing swiping an object across the finger sensor.
- the motion is changed by decelerating it, such as uniformly.
- the uniform deceleration has an inertial decay, such as one modeled on a joystick return-to-home motion.
- the motion is changed by accelerating it in response to receiving one or more swipes across the finger sensor in a same direction as the swiping. In another embodiment, the motion is changed by decelerating it in response to receiving one or more swipes across the finger sensor in an opposite direction as the swiping.
- the translator module is also programmed to single-step scroll through the computer display and to control the computer display in response to determining a change in pressure on a surface of the finger sensor.
- the motion is changed by both accelerating it and decelerating it, at different times.
- the translator module is also programmed to suddenly stop the motion in response to a performing a predetermined stop motion across the finger sensor.
- the predetermined stop motion is a tap or a press-and-hold motion, to name only a few possible motions.
- the translator module includes a computer-readable medium containing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, result in gradually changing the motion, suddenly stopping the motion, or both.
- a navigation system in a third aspect of the invention, includes a finger sensor, a movement correlator coupled to the finger sensor, an acceleration calculator coupled to the movement correlator, and multiple electronic input device emulators, each coupled to the acceleration calculator and to a computer display device.
- the acceleration calculator is programmed to gradually accelerate, decelerate, or both, a motion of a display on a computer display device in response to completing a swipe across the finger sensor.
- the acceleration calculator is programmed to determine an inertial decay of the deceleration.
- the multiple input device emulators include any two or more of a mouse emulator, a scroll wheel emulator, a push-button emulator, and a wheel emulator.
- FIGS. 1A-E illustrate inertial scrolling through menu items by swiping a finger across a finger sensor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph of finger motion along a finger sensor versus time in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 3A-E illustrate inertial return-to-home motion of a joystick, used to control scrolling in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the steps for scrolling through a screen display in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a window translated over an image of a map in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A-E illustrate emulation of a wheel on a gaming device using inertial deceleration in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the steps for using inertial decay to emulate different types of input devices in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the steps for scrolling through a screen display using a sudden-stop feature in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 9A-H each shows finger movement along a finger sensor and a corresponding graph of display speed versus time in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the steps for determining additive motion in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is block diagram of the components of a system for scrolling through a display by emulating a scroll wheel in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is block diagram of the components of a system for navigating through displays by emulating a scroll wheel, a mouse, and a wheel in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- Embodiments of the present invention use a fingerprint sensor to control the movement of elements on a computer or other display.
- the elements such as items in a menu or a window overlying a map, are set in motion and then gradually come to a stop.
- the display is visually pleasing and, more importantly, gives the user greater control when navigating through the display.
- the elements are a list of items in a menu.
- a single finger swipe sets the menu in motion before it gradually decelerates and comes to a stop. This fluid scrolling through a menu is generally more intuitive and preferred than scrolling with several starts and stops as when using conventional scrolling implementations.
- the gradual deceleration simulates an inertial decay, much as the speed of a pinwheel decreases after it has been launched: Once the wheel is spinning, external interaction is no longer required to keep it going. Eventually, the wheel slows down and comes to a stop due to friction.
- a movable window enclosing a portion of an image map is navigated to overlie different regions of the map.
- the window can be set in motion along any direction (e.g., in a north western direction), toward a region or area of interest, before gradually decelerating.
- the inertial deceleration is modeled after a joystick with a dampened return to its home or origin.
- finger movement as computed in the traditional manner, translates to movement of the joystick head, which is then translated to a motion, such as a scrolling motion.
- the position of the joystick head, as well as the current acceleration state of the motion model, dictates the speed with which the scrolling or other motion occurs.
- the joystick head When a finger is lifted from the fingerprint sensor, the joystick head will return to its origin or home position.
- an “additive” attribute of scrolling and other motion is implemented. For example, consecutive finger swipes across a surface of a finger sensor in a same direction will, with each swipe, increase the speed of a computer display. Swiping in an opposite direction will slow the motion or even bring it to a stop. Swiping in an opposite direction thus functions as a drag on the motion.
- FIGS. 1A-E show a finger swipe sensor 105 and a display device 125 at a sequence of times T 1 -T 5 , respectively.
- the sequence is at regular intervals, that is, the differences T 2 ⁇ T 1 , T 3 ⁇ T 2 , T 4 ⁇ T 3 , and T 5 ⁇ T 4 are the same.
- the display device 125 shows a menu 120 of names; the swipe sensor 105 is used to scroll through the menu 120 .
- the swipe sensor 105 is used to emulate a scroll wheel.
- FIG. 1A at time T 1 a finger 101 is swiped along a surface of the swipe sensor 105 .
- FIG. 1A at time T 1 a finger 101 is swiped along a surface of the swipe sensor 105 .
- FIG. 1A shows a horizontal line above the finger 101 , having an arrow indicating the direction of the swipe, and a vertical line next to the menu 120 , having an arrow indicating the direction of the scrolling.
- the vertical line has a thickness corresponding to a speed with which the menu 120 scrolls: A thicker vertical line indicates that the menu 120 is scrolling faster than when the menu 120 is adjacent to a thinner vertical line.
- FIG. 1B shows the finger 101 at time T 2 .
- the thickness of the vertical line in FIG. 1B indicates that the menu 120 scrolls faster than it did at time T 1 .
- the finger 101 has left the finger sensor 105 , but the menu 120 continues to scroll, but slower than at time T 2 .
- the menu 120 continues to scroll, but slower than it did at time T 3 .
- the menu 120 has stopped scrolling.
- the menu 120 gradually slows to a stop, preferably simulating a spring's critically damped or over-damped motion or a motion corresponding to a joystick's return-to-home motion.
- a dampening factor such as the weight of the joystick.
- the dampening factor acts as an inertial decay factor. By using different decay factors, different inertial scrolling behavior can be achieved.
- the inertial scrolling can be customized by mapping several factors (including, but not limited to, the dampening factor and the acceleration factor) to the axial displacement of the joystick.
- FIG. 2 is a graph 130 plotting the speed at which the menu 120 of FIGS. 1A-E scrolls. Throughout this Specification, identical labels refer to identical elements.
- speed is plotted on the vertical axis 135
- time is plotted on the horizontal axis 140 .
- the graph 130 shows an “x” to indicate when the finger 101 is on the sensor 105 and a “ ⁇ ” to indicate when the finger 101 is off the sensor 105 .
- the finger 101 first touches the sensor 105 at time T 0 .
- the finger 101 then moves along the sensor 105 at a speed that increases from time T 1 to time T 2 , when the finger 101 is removed from the sensor 105 .
- the speed with which the menu 120 scrolls gradually decreases until it stops at time T 5 .
- a joystick return-to-home motion is modeled to generate signals used to gradually decelerate the display movement.
- FIGS. 3A-E show a joystick 200 , whose return-to-home motion is emulated.
- FIGS. 3A-E show the joystick 200 at the sequential times T 1 -T 5 , respectively.
- the speed with which the joystick 200 moves a displayed object is directly proportional to an angle ⁇ that the joystick 200 makes with an axis 220 perpendicular with the joystick base, much like a throttle.
- FIG. 3A shows the joystick 200 making an angle ⁇ 1 with the axis 220 , corresponding to the movement of the menu display 120 shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 3B-C show the joystick making angles ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 5 , respectively, corresponding to the movement of the menu display 120 shown in FIGS. 1B-E , respectively.
- ⁇ 5 0, indicating that the menu display 120 is not moving.
- FIGS. 3B-E the return-to-home motion of the joystick 200 after it is released ( FIGS. 3B-E ) is dependent on several parameters, such as the angle ⁇ 2 at which the joystick 200 is released and the mass of a head 210 of the joystick 200 , to name only a few parameters.
- the angle ⁇ i is given by Equation 1:
- the angle ⁇ i is directly mapped to a distance a menu item is from a point of reference.
- the distance is the distance of the head 211 from the axis 220 .
- x length of the joystick (L)*sin( ⁇ i ).
- the linear speed of the distance x (dx/dt) is given by Equation 2:
- Equations 1 and 2 together are used to map a joystick (angular) damped deceleration to a scrolling (linear) damped deceleration.
- a uniform return-to-home deceleration motion is mapped to a scrolling deceleration motion.
- Equations 1 and 2 are only one example of a function used to calculate the angle ⁇ i at time t (e.g., each of the times T 1 -T 5 ) and thus a rate of uniform deceleration.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the steps of a process 300 for determining inertial deceleration corresponding to a joystick return-to-home motion and using that deceleration to control the scrolling of a menu in accordance with the present invention.
- parameters such as ⁇ (Equation 1)
- ⁇ Equation 1
- the movement of the finger 101 along a surface of the finger swipe sensor 105 is computed.
- this movement is determined by correlating a pattern on a surface of the finger 101 captured at sequential times (e.g., T 1 and T 2 ) to determine the speed and direction of the finger swipe.
- the patterns are formed by the location of bifurcations, pores, ridge endings, swirls, whorls, and other fingerprint minutiae. Correlating fingerprint images is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 7,197,168, filed Jul. 12, 2002, and titled “Method and System for Biometric Image Assembly from Multiple Partial Biometric Frame Scans,” which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. It will be appreciated that other objects with patterned images, such as patterned styluses, can also be swiped across a finger sensor to scroll through menus in accordance with the present invention.
- the finger movement is translated into joystick movement, and in the step 307 , the new joystick movement is calculated.
- inertial/acceleration factors based on the joystick position are updated.
- the joystick position is translated into a scrolling motion by applying the acceleration factors, and in the step 313 , the scrolling motion is used to scroll the menu 120 .
- the process determines whether the finger 101 is still on the sensor 105 . If the finger 101 is still on the sensor 105 , the process loops back to the step 303 ; otherwise, the process continues to the step 317 , in which it applies the inertial factors to determine the deceleration.
- These inertial factors can be based on the speed of the swipe when it is completed, the duration of the swipe, the length of the swipe, or some combination of these. For example, if the speed of the swipe is fast or the duration of the swipe is long, the inertial factors result in a slower deceleration. This result corresponds to a large momentum being imparted to a body.
- the process continues to the step 319 , in which it determines whether the finger 101 is back on the sensor 105 . If the finger 101 is back on the sensor 101 , the process loops back to the step 303 ; otherwise, the process loops back to the step 307 .
- FIG. 5 illustrates the finger sensor 105 used to control a display 450 on the display device 125 .
- the display 450 is an image map overlayed by a movable window 410 , which encloses portions of the image map 450 . Swiping the finger 101 over the finger sensor 105 in the direction indicated by the arrow 475 causes the window 410 to move or translate in a corresponding direction over the image map 450 .
- the finger sensor 105 is emulating a mouse or a track ball.
- the window 410 moves from the location 425 A at time T 1 , to location 425 B at time T 2 , to location 425 C at time T 3 , to location 425 D at time T 4 , and finally to location 425 E at time T 5 , where it stops.
- the thicknesses of the arrows joining adjacent locations e.g., the arrow connecting the window 410 at locations 425 A and 425 B
- the speed with which the window 410 moves decelerates from time T 2 to T 5 , preferably in an inertial manner.
- deceleration can be determined in other ways.
- deceleration can be determined from a look-up table.
- the look-up table can map the current speed and map it into a display speed for each sequential time.
- a table stores scaling factors used for mapping current speed to subsequent speeds.
- the table stores 10 scaling factors for 10 corresponding time cycles.
- the speed during the next second of scrolling is the current speed times the next scaling factor (9 fps*0.7), or 6.3 fps.
- This table lookup continues until the last scaling factor (0.0) stops the scrolling.
- linear, non-linear, step-wise e.g., the speed is decreased, maintained over a time segment and decreased again, with the sequence continuing until scrolling stops), and other types of decay can be determined to control scrolling.
- deceleration in accordance with the present invention is able to be uniform or non-uniform. Different types of deceleration can be used to fit the application at hand. Indeed, uniform deceleration can be used over one time interval and non-uniform deceleration over another time interval.
- FIGS. 6A-E show another example, in which modeling inertial decay is used to decelerate a different display, a computer simulated gaming wheel 500 , such as a roulette wheel.
- FIGS. 6A-E show the gaming wheel 500 at the times T 1 -T 5 , respectively, controlled using a finger sensor (not shown).
- a finger sensor not shown.
- the gaming wheel 500 is turned in the same direction.
- the finger is removed from the finger sensor (at the time shown in FIG. 6B )
- the gaming wheel 500 continues to rotate, but at a rate that has an inertial decay in accordance with the present invention.
- the widths and arrows of the curved lines next to the gaming wheel 500 indicate the speed and direction, respectively, that the gaming wheel 500 is rotating.
- FIG. 7 shows the steps of a process 600 for generally moving a computer display by using a finger sensor to emulate any number of electronic input devices in accordance with the present invention.
- the electronic input devices include, but are not limited to, a scroll wheel, a mouse, a wheel, a track ball, a push button, and a joy stick.
- parameters such as a dampening factor are initialized.
- a finger movement along the finger sensor is determined.
- the movement is translated to a motion of the emulated device. This motion can be the movement of a joystick, a scrolling motion, a translation motion (such as of a window over a map), and a button press, to name only a few.
- the position and movement parameters of the emulated device are updated.
- movement parameters include acceleration and direction. These parameters are used to determine the direction that is to be taken (e.g., continued) when the finger no longer touches the finger sensor.
- the acceleration can include gradual (uniform or non-uniform) deceleration.
- the display e.g., a list of menu items
- the emulated electronic input device e.g., a list of menu items
- the process determines whether the finger is still on the finger sensor. If the finger is still on the finger sensor, the process loops back to the step 603 . Otherwise, the process continues to the step 613 , in which it determines whether the display has stopped moving. If the display has not stopped moving, the process loops back to the step 603 . Otherwise, the process continues to the step 615 , in which it ends.
- a sudden-stop feature instantly stops the inertial movement (e.g., scrolling) with a fresh touch of the finger sensor 105 .
- inertial movement e.g., scrolling
- a user can quickly change a scrolling direction without having to wait for the scrolling to stop.
- This not only allows for greater ease of use but also allows quick turnaround of fresh movements in other directions. With this feature, there is no need to generate extra movement to overcome the current inertia before shifting the direction of motion.
- FIG. 8 shows the steps of a process 700 incorporating the sudden-stop feature when scrolling through the menu 120 in FIGS. 1A-E .
- parameters such as a dampening factor
- the process reads the movement of the finger 101 along a surface of the sensor 105 .
- the menu 120 is scrolled in a manner corresponding to the finger movement.
- the process determines whether the finger 101 is still contacting the sensor 105 . If the finger 101 is still contacting the sensor 105 , the process loops back to the step 703 ; otherwise, the process continues to the step 709 .
- the process decelerates the scrolling based on the inertial factors, such as described above.
- the process determines whether the scrolling has stopped. If the scrolling has stopped, the process loops back to the step 703 ; otherwise, the process continues to the step 713 , in which it determines whether the finger 101 is again contacting the sensor 105 . If the finger 101 is not again contacting the sensor 105 , the process loops back to the step 703 ; otherwise, the process continues to the step 715 .
- the process determines whether the sensor 105 was tapped quickly, thereby triggering a sudden stop. As one example, the process determines that the sensor 105 was tapped quickly if the finger 101 next contacts the sensor 105 at a time T A and is removed at a time T B , where T B ⁇ T A ⁇ 5 ms. Those skilled in the art will recognize other ways of defining and later recognizing a tap as “quick.” If, in the step 715 , the process determines that the tap is quick, the process continues to the step 717 , in which the scrolling is suddenly stopped; otherwise, the process loops back to the step 703 .
- FIG. 8 describes scrolling based on inertial factors
- the sudden-stop feature is able to be used to decelerate scrolling and other motions using other kinds of deceleration, including non-uniform ones.
- the sudden-stop feature is triggered by contacting the sensor 105 and maintaining the contact for a predetermined time, such as one or two seconds.
- Embodiments of the present invention are also able to accelerate or decelerate motion of a computer display.
- consecutive finger swipes in a same direction result in accelerating the motion.
- Swiping in one direction followed by a swipe in the opposite direction results in decelerating the motion.
- FIGS. 9A-H illustrate how the motion of the display 120 ( FIGS. 1A-E ) is accelerated by swiping the finger 101 multiple times along the finger sensor 105 over a sequence of increasing times T 0 -T 7 , respectively.
- FIGS. 9A-H depicts a graph 150 plotting a speed of the display 120 (on the vertical axis labeled “v 1 ” to “v 7 ”) versus time. Each occurrence of the graph 150 identifies the current speed by the label 155 .
- FIGS. 9D-H also label the speed at the immediately preceding time with an “x,” tracing changes in velocity with dotted lines. As shown in FIGS. 9A-H , swiping the finger sensor 105 multiple times increases the speed of the display 120 . Increasing speed in this way is referred to as “additive” motion.
- moving the finger 101 across the finger sensor 105 from time T 0 to T 2 causes the speed of the display 120 to increase from 0 to v 4 .
- the speed decreases.
- the finger 101 is swiped a second time (time T 5 to T 7 , FIGS. 9F-H ). Because this second swipe begins when the display 120 is already in motion, the swipe results in a greater speed than the initial swipe (from time T 0 to T 2 ).
- the speed of the display 120 increases with the number of swipes and also with the total distance traveled by the swipes.
- swiping the finger 101 along the finger sensor 105 five times will move the display 120 faster than if the finger 120 was swiped four times.
- swiping the finger 101 five times a total distance of fives inches will result in a faster motion than swiping the finger 101 five times but a total distance of four inches.
- FIGS. 9A-C and 9 G-H show a constant acceleration (e.g., the graph 150 during the corresponding time periods has a constant slope), other types of acceleration are able to be attained in accordance with the present invention. Some examples include exponential acceleration, with or without a maximum value; and step-wise acceleration, to name only two types. Furthermore, acceleration can be determined using a look-up table, such as one having scaling factors with values larger than one. Using the table entries of one such example, the speed is multiplied by the scaling factors 1.1, 1.5, and 2.0 in sequential time intervals.
- the speed decreases from T 2 to T 5 with an inertial decay, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. It will be appreciated that in accordance with other embodiments, the speed can decrease from T 2 to T 5 in other ways, both uniform and non-uniform.
- motion is accelerated by swiping and holding a finger or other object on a finger sensor.
- An initial swipe will start accelerating a display (e.g., display 120 in FIGS. 1A-E ).
- the finger is held stationary, or nearly stationary.
- the display will continue to accelerate while the finger is held in place. The longer the finger is held in place, the faster the display moves, until a maximum speed (peak threshold) is reached. After the display reaches the desired speed, the finger is either removed or moved farther to complete the swipe.
- the sudden stop feature can be implemented to suddenly stop the additive motion.
- the sudden stop feature, the additive motion, and the deceleration, all in accordance with the present invention can all be combined in any combination.
- FIG. 10 shows the steps of a process 800 for determining additive motion, such as additive scrolling, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- Many of the steps in the process 800 are similar to the steps in the process 600 , shown in FIG. 7 , and are similarly labeled. To simplify the discussion, the common steps will not be discussed here.
- the process determines whether the display has stopped moving. If it has not, the process continues to the step 617 , in which it determines whether a new (e.g., consecutive or sequential) swipe has occurred. If a new swipe has not occurred, the process loops back to the step 607 . Otherwise, the process loops back to the step 603 .
- a new swipe e.g., consecutive or sequential
- the process determines that the finger was swiped in the same direction as during the immediately preceding swipe, the process later updates the position and movement parameters in the step 607 to accelerate the display motion. On the other hand, if, in the step 603 , the process determines that the finger was swiped in a direction opposite to that of the immediately preceding swipe, the process later updates the position and movement parameters in the step 607 to decelerate the display motion.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a system 900 used to emulate a scroll wheel using decay in accordance with the present invention.
- the system 900 includes the finger sensor 105 coupled to a translation module 925 , which translates finger movements into scroll wheel signals for scrolling the menu 120 on the display 125 , as shown in FIGS. 1A-E .
- the translation module 925 includes a movement correlator 910 and a motion translator 915 .
- the movement correlator 910 correlates images sequentially captured by the finger sensor 105 and determines finger movement, such as in the step 303 of FIG. 4 .
- the motion translator 915 receives the finger movement, translates the finger movement into joystick movement (step 305 , FIG.
- step 307 calculates new joystick movement (step 307 , FIG. 4 ), updates inertial/acceleration factors based on joystick position (step 309 , FIG. 4 ), translates the joystick position into a scrolling motion by applying the acceleration factors (step 311 , FIG. 4 ), and scrolls the menu accordingly (step 313 , FIG. 4 ).
- both of the elements 910 and 915 include a computer-readable medium containing instructions that cause a processor to perform the steps of FIG. 4 .
- the elements include software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of these.
- the steps shown in FIG. 4 can be distributed among the components 910 and 915 in different ways, or among other components, such as described in FIG. 12 , below.
- the components 910 and 915 are also configured to implement the sudden-stop feature described in FIG. 8 , the additive motion feature described in FIG. 10 , or both.
- a motion translator is used to provide inertial deceleration when emulating multiple different input devices.
- inertial deceleration is used to gradually decelerate movement corresponding to a scroll wheel, a wheel (e.g., a roulette wheel), and a mouse.
- a single acceleration/deceleration module (such as one simulating deceleration, acceleration, and a sudden-stop feature) is shared among several device emulators.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a system 950 that emulates several electronic input devices, all of which use acceleration/deceleration in accordance with the present invention.
- the system 950 includes the elements 105 and 125 , described above.
- the system 950 also includes a translation module 980 , which includes the movement correlator 910 and an acceleration/deceleration calculator 975 .
- the acceleration/deceleration calculator 975 is coupled to a scroll wheel emulator 915 , a wheel emulator 917 , and a mouse emulator 919 , all of which are coupled to a switch 985 , which in turn is coupled to the display device 125 .
- the switch 985 routes to the display device 125 the emulator (i.e., 915 , 917 , and 919 ) corresponding to the device currently being emulated.
- Device emulation using fingerprint sensors is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,474,772, filed Jun. 21, 2004, and titled “System and Method for a Miniature User Input Device,” which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the acceleration/deceleration calculator 975 performs the step 607 , determining the inertial decay from position and movement parameters.
- the step 605 is performed by the scroll wheel emulator 915 .
- the finger sensor 105 is used to emulate a wheel
- device movement is determined by the wheel emulator 917 .
- the finger sensor 105 is used to emulate a mouse
- device movement is determined by the mouse emulator 919 .
- the elements 915 , 917 , and 919 can all be implemented using any combination of hardware, software, firmware, or computer-readable media for controlling the operation of a processor.
- Embodiments of the invention are also able to control a display in response to pressing a surface of a finger sensor, such as by a finger tap.
- a surface of a finger sensor such as by a finger tap.
- movement having an inertial decay in accordance with the present invention is used to move through a list of items, to zoom in on or zoom out from an image of a city map, to select a large grid menu, and to control an arcade game, such as billiards, that provides virtual realism in terms of movement.
- the user presses the surface of the finger sensor 105 to select a highlighted name, such as the topmost name in the menu display 120 .
- Contact information for the highlighted name is then immediately presented on the display device 125 .
- tapping the finger sensor 105 in a predetermined manner zooms in on that portion of the image within the window 410 ; tapping the finger sensor 105 in another predetermined manner (e.g., two quick taps in succession or a tap-and-hold motion) zooms out from the same portion of the image.
- a predetermined manner e.g., one quick tap
- tapping the finger sensor 105 in another predetermined manner e.g., two quick taps in succession or a tap-and-hold motion
- a system is configured to perform both single-step (non-inertial) scrolling and inertial scrolling through the adjustment of the dampening factor based upon the context of recent movement. If the recent movement is indicative of slow or single-step scrolling, then the dampening factor is decreased substantially, resulting in what is effectively non-inertial scrolling (e.g., the joystick reverts to the zero or home position nearly instantly). As one example, the system determines that recent movement indicates a preference for slow or single-step scrolling when a user implements the sudden-stop feature several consecutive times. In response, the system adjusts the damping factor (e.g., in the step 309 ) to ensure that the return-to-home motion is fast, approaching a single-step mode.
- the damping factor e.g., in the step 309
- a user swipes or traces a finger on a finger sensor to set a display in motion.
- the system determines the direction of the swipe and other parameters, such as the duration of the swipe or the acceleration of the swipe.
- the user can accelerate the motion by again swiping, in the same direction as before; or she can decelerate the motion by swiping in a different direction.
- the display continues in the same direction, before slowing down. This motion provides the user with a more pleasurable viewing experience as the display rolls to a smooth stop.
- the user also has greater control over moving the display. Later, the user can tap the finger sensor to trigger an action, such as selecting a highlighted object.
- a finger sensor, computing elements, and display device are integrated onto a single device, such as a mobile phone, personal digital assistant, or portable gaming device.
- a system in accordance with the present invention includes separate components, such as a swipe sensor, display screen, and host computer.
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Abstract
An emulation system receives a swipe along a finger sensor to set a computer display in motion. After the swipe is completed, the display continues along its previous path. Depending on their direction, subsequent swipes can be used to accelerate or decelerate the motion. Gradually, the display decelerates. In one embodiment, this deceleration simulates an inertial decay, providing the user with a pleasing display that gradually rolls to a stop. The deceleration is modeled on a joystick return-to-home inertial decay, allowing the user greater control when navigating over the display. The finger sensor is used to emulate different electronic devices, such as a mouse, a scroll wheel, and a rotating wheel.
Description
- This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of the co-pending U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/065,751, filed Feb. 13, 2008, and titled “System for Providing Inertial Scrolling/Navigation Using a Fingerprint Sensor,” which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- This invention relates to input devices. More specifically, this invention relates to systems for and methods of scrolling and navigating using fingerprint sensors.
- Fingerprint sensors find many uses, including verifying a user's identity and emulating different input devices, such as computer mice, pressure-sensitive buttons, and scroll wheels. Many sensors read finger swipes to scroll through pages, menu items, slides of images, and other displayed information. Generally, when the finger swipe stops, the scrolling stops, especially if the finger is removed from the surface of the fingerprint sensor. Using conventional scrolling techniques, a user must perform multiple swipes, with several starts and stops, to scroll through a large area. Navigating in this way is both inefficient and time consuming.
- In a first aspect of the invention, a method includes generating motion of a computer display in response to swiping an object along a finger sensor. After the swiping is completed, the motion gradually changes. In one embodiment, the motion decelerates, such as with an inertial decay. A dampening factor of the inertial decay is related to a speed of the swiping or a duration of the swiping. Preferably, the inertial decay is calculated using a model of a joystick return-to-home motion.
- In one embodiment, the method also includes stopping the motion in response to tapping the finger sensor after the swiping is completed. The method also includes performing an action on a computer system in response to changing a pressure on the finger sensor (e.g., by tapping the sensor) after the swiping is completed. If the computer display shows an image, the action includes either zooming in on the image or zooming out from the image.
- In one embodiment, the motion corresponds to scrolling through a list of items, rotating an image, or moving over an image. The computer display shows a list of items, a region of an image, a grid menu, slides of images, a game image, or an element of a computer simulation.
- Changing the motion includes changing a speed of the computer display in response to one or more subsequent swipes after the swiping is completed. In one embodiment, the speed is increased if the one or more subsequent swipes are in a same direction as the swiping. The speed is decreased if the one or more subsequent swipes are in a different direction as the swiping.
- In one embodiment, the method also includes accelerating the motion by holding the object stationary on the finger sensor before the swiping is completed.
- Preferably, the finger sensor is a finger swipe sensor. Alternatively, the finger sensor is a finger placement sensor.
- In a second aspect of the invention, a navigation system includes a finger sensor and a translator module. The translator module is programmed for gradually changing a motion of a computer display in response to completing swiping an object across the finger sensor. In one embodiment, the motion is changed by decelerating it, such as uniformly. Preferably, the uniform deceleration has an inertial decay, such as one modeled on a joystick return-to-home motion.
- In one embodiment, the motion is changed by accelerating it in response to receiving one or more swipes across the finger sensor in a same direction as the swiping. In another embodiment, the motion is changed by decelerating it in response to receiving one or more swipes across the finger sensor in an opposite direction as the swiping.
- In one embodiment, the translator module is also programmed to single-step scroll through the computer display and to control the computer display in response to determining a change in pressure on a surface of the finger sensor.
- In one embodiment, the motion is changed by both accelerating it and decelerating it, at different times.
- Preferably, the translator module is also programmed to suddenly stop the motion in response to a performing a predetermined stop motion across the finger sensor. The predetermined stop motion is a tap or a press-and-hold motion, to name only a few possible motions.
- In one embodiment, the translator module includes a computer-readable medium containing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, result in gradually changing the motion, suddenly stopping the motion, or both.
- In a third aspect of the invention, a navigation system includes a finger sensor, a movement correlator coupled to the finger sensor, an acceleration calculator coupled to the movement correlator, and multiple electronic input device emulators, each coupled to the acceleration calculator and to a computer display device. The acceleration calculator is programmed to gradually accelerate, decelerate, or both, a motion of a display on a computer display device in response to completing a swipe across the finger sensor. In one embodiment, the acceleration calculator is programmed to determine an inertial decay of the deceleration. The multiple input device emulators include any two or more of a mouse emulator, a scroll wheel emulator, a push-button emulator, and a wheel emulator.
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FIGS. 1A-E illustrate inertial scrolling through menu items by swiping a finger across a finger sensor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a graph of finger motion along a finger sensor versus time in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIGS. 3A-E illustrate inertial return-to-home motion of a joystick, used to control scrolling in accordance with the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the steps for scrolling through a screen display in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 5 shows a window translated over an image of a map in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIGS. 6A-E illustrate emulation of a wheel on a gaming device using inertial deceleration in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the steps for using inertial decay to emulate different types of input devices in accordance with the present invention. -
FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the steps for scrolling through a screen display using a sudden-stop feature in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIGS. 9A-H each shows finger movement along a finger sensor and a corresponding graph of display speed versus time in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the steps for determining additive motion in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 11 is block diagram of the components of a system for scrolling through a display by emulating a scroll wheel in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 12 is block diagram of the components of a system for navigating through displays by emulating a scroll wheel, a mouse, and a wheel in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. - Embodiments of the present invention use a fingerprint sensor to control the movement of elements on a computer or other display. The elements, such as items in a menu or a window overlying a map, are set in motion and then gradually come to a stop. The display is visually pleasing and, more importantly, gives the user greater control when navigating through the display.
- In one example, the elements are a list of items in a menu. Rather than single-stepping through the items, using conventional scrolling means, a single finger swipe sets the menu in motion before it gradually decelerates and comes to a stop. This fluid scrolling through a menu is generally more intuitive and preferred than scrolling with several starts and stops as when using conventional scrolling implementations.
- Preferably, the gradual deceleration simulates an inertial decay, much as the speed of a pinwheel decreases after it has been launched: Once the wheel is spinning, external interaction is no longer required to keep it going. Eventually, the wheel slows down and comes to a stop due to friction.
- Many displayed applications benefit from this simulation of inertial decay. For example, a movable window enclosing a portion of an image map is navigated to overlie different regions of the map. The window can be set in motion along any direction (e.g., in a north western direction), toward a region or area of interest, before gradually decelerating.
- Preferably, the inertial deceleration is modeled after a joystick with a dampened return to its home or origin. In this implementation, finger movement, as computed in the traditional manner, translates to movement of the joystick head, which is then translated to a motion, such as a scrolling motion. The position of the joystick head, as well as the current acceleration state of the motion model, dictates the speed with which the scrolling or other motion occurs. When a finger is lifted from the fingerprint sensor, the joystick head will return to its origin or home position.
- In accordance with other embodiments of the present invention, an “additive” attribute of scrolling and other motion is implemented. For example, consecutive finger swipes across a surface of a finger sensor in a same direction will, with each swipe, increase the speed of a computer display. Swiping in an opposite direction will slow the motion or even bring it to a stop. Swiping in an opposite direction thus functions as a drag on the motion.
- The discussion that follows first explains one implementation of the invention, used to emulate a scroll wheel. The general terms discussed in that implementation are then used to explain how the invention can be extended, used to apply this gradual deceleration to other input devices. Some of this discussion is also applicable to the use of additive motion, such as scrolling.
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FIGS. 1A-E show afinger swipe sensor 105 and adisplay device 125 at a sequence of times T1-T5, respectively. To better describe embodiments of the present invention, the sequence is at regular intervals, that is, the differences T2−T1, T3−T2, T4−T3, and T5−T4 are the same. Thedisplay device 125 shows amenu 120 of names; theswipe sensor 105 is used to scroll through themenu 120. In this embodiment, theswipe sensor 105 is used to emulate a scroll wheel. As shown inFIG. 1A , at time T1 afinger 101 is swiped along a surface of theswipe sensor 105.FIG. 1A shows a horizontal line above thefinger 101, having an arrow indicating the direction of the swipe, and a vertical line next to themenu 120, having an arrow indicating the direction of the scrolling. The vertical line has a thickness corresponding to a speed with which themenu 120 scrolls: A thicker vertical line indicates that themenu 120 is scrolling faster than when themenu 120 is adjacent to a thinner vertical line. -
FIG. 1B shows thefinger 101 at time T2. As shown inFIG. 1B , the thickness of the vertical line inFIG. 1B indicates that themenu 120 scrolls faster than it did at time T1. At time T3, shown inFIG. 1C , thefinger 101 has left thefinger sensor 105, but themenu 120 continues to scroll, but slower than at time T2. At time T4, themenu 120 continues to scroll, but slower than it did at time T3. At time T5, themenu 120 has stopped scrolling. In this example, after the swiping is completed (at time T2), themenu 120 gradually slows to a stop, preferably simulating a spring's critically damped or over-damped motion or a motion corresponding to a joystick's return-to-home motion. When simulating this joystick motion, modeled in embodiments of the invention, the rate at which the joystick head returns to the home position is influenced by a dampening factor, such as the weight of the joystick. - The dampening factor acts as an inertial decay factor. By using different decay factors, different inertial scrolling behavior can be achieved. The inertial scrolling can be customized by mapping several factors (including, but not limited to, the dampening factor and the acceleration factor) to the axial displacement of the joystick.
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FIG. 2 is agraph 130 plotting the speed at which themenu 120 ofFIGS. 1A-E scrolls. Throughout this Specification, identical labels refer to identical elements. In thegraph 130, speed is plotted on thevertical axis 135, and time is plotted on thehorizontal axis 140. For each time T0-T5, thegraph 130 shows an “x” to indicate when thefinger 101 is on thesensor 105 and a “◯” to indicate when thefinger 101 is off thesensor 105. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , thefinger 101 first touches thesensor 105 at time T0. Thefinger 101 then moves along thesensor 105 at a speed that increases from time T1 to time T2, when thefinger 101 is removed from thesensor 105. From time T2 to time T5, the speed with which themenu 120 scrolls gradually decreases until it stops at time T5. - Preferably, a joystick return-to-home motion is modeled to generate signals used to gradually decelerate the display movement. As one example,
FIGS. 3A-E show ajoystick 200, whose return-to-home motion is emulated.FIGS. 3A-E show thejoystick 200 at the sequential times T1-T5, respectively. Referring toFIGS. 3A-E , the speed with which thejoystick 200 moves a displayed object is directly proportional to an angle θ that thejoystick 200 makes with anaxis 220 perpendicular with the joystick base, much like a throttle.FIG. 3A shows thejoystick 200 making an angle θ1 with theaxis 220, corresponding to the movement of themenu display 120 shown inFIG. 1A . Similarly,FIGS. 3B-C show the joystick making angles θ2-θ5, respectively, corresponding to the movement of themenu display 120 shown inFIGS. 1B-E , respectively. In this example, θ5=0, indicating that themenu display 120 is not moving. - Those skilled in the art will recognize that the return-to-home motion of the
joystick 200 after it is released (FIGS. 3B-E ) is dependent on several parameters, such as the angle θ2 at which thejoystick 200 is released and the mass of ahead 210 of thejoystick 200, to name only a few parameters. - In one embodiment, the angle θi is given by Equation 1:
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θi=θ1 e −(Ω+K)t [Equation 1] - where Ω is a damping factor, K is a constant, and t is time. The damping factor Ω is related to the mass of the
head 210. In one embodiment, the damping factor Ω is directly proportional to the mass of thehead 210. - In one embodiment, the angle θi is directly mapped to a distance a menu item is from a point of reference. In one embodiment, the distance is the distance of the head 211 from the
axis 220. For example, x=length of the joystick (L)*sin(θi). The linear speed of the distance x (dx/dt) is given by Equation 2: -
dx/dt=L*dθ/dt*cos(θ) [Equation 2] - Equations 1 and 2 together are used to map a joystick (angular) damped deceleration to a scrolling (linear) damped deceleration. Thus, a uniform return-to-home deceleration motion is mapped to a scrolling deceleration motion.
- It will be appreciated that, together, Equations 1 and 2 are only one example of a function used to calculate the angle θi at time t (e.g., each of the times T1-T5) and thus a rate of uniform deceleration.
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FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the steps of aprocess 300 for determining inertial deceleration corresponding to a joystick return-to-home motion and using that deceleration to control the scrolling of a menu in accordance with the present invention. Referring toFIGS. 1A-E , 3A-E, and 4, in the start step 301, parameters, such as Ω (Equation 1), are initialized and others are computed. Next, in thestep 303, the movement of thefinger 101 along a surface of thefinger swipe sensor 105 is computed. Preferably, this movement is determined by correlating a pattern on a surface of thefinger 101 captured at sequential times (e.g., T1 and T2) to determine the speed and direction of the finger swipe. The patterns are formed by the location of bifurcations, pores, ridge endings, swirls, whorls, and other fingerprint minutiae. Correlating fingerprint images is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 7,197,168, filed Jul. 12, 2002, and titled “Method and System for Biometric Image Assembly from Multiple Partial Biometric Frame Scans,” which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. It will be appreciated that other objects with patterned images, such as patterned styluses, can also be swiped across a finger sensor to scroll through menus in accordance with the present invention. - Next, in the
step 305, the finger movement is translated into joystick movement, and in the step 307, the new joystick movement is calculated. Next, in thestep 309, inertial/acceleration factors based on the joystick position are updated. In thestep 311, the joystick position is translated into a scrolling motion by applying the acceleration factors, and in thestep 313, the scrolling motion is used to scroll themenu 120. - In the
step 315, the process determines whether thefinger 101 is still on thesensor 105. If thefinger 101 is still on thesensor 105, the process loops back to thestep 303; otherwise, the process continues to thestep 317, in which it applies the inertial factors to determine the deceleration. These inertial factors can be based on the speed of the swipe when it is completed, the duration of the swipe, the length of the swipe, or some combination of these. For example, if the speed of the swipe is fast or the duration of the swipe is long, the inertial factors result in a slower deceleration. This result corresponds to a large momentum being imparted to a body. - From the
step 317, the process continues to thestep 319, in which it determines whether thefinger 101 is back on thesensor 105. If thefinger 101 is back on thesensor 101, the process loops back to thestep 303; otherwise, the process loops back to the step 307. - As explained above, embodiments of the invention are able to uniformly decelerate motion generated by many electronic input devices, controlling different displays.
FIG. 5 illustrates thefinger sensor 105 used to control adisplay 450 on thedisplay device 125. Thedisplay 450 is an image map overlayed by amovable window 410, which encloses portions of theimage map 450. Swiping thefinger 101 over thefinger sensor 105 in the direction indicated by thearrow 475 causes thewindow 410 to move or translate in a corresponding direction over theimage map 450. In this embodiment, thefinger sensor 105 is emulating a mouse or a track ball. Thewindow 410 moves from thelocation 425A at time T1, tolocation 425B at time T2, tolocation 425C at time T3, tolocation 425D at time T4, and finally tolocation 425E at time T5, where it stops. Again, the thicknesses of the arrows joining adjacent locations (e.g., the arrow connecting thewindow 410 atlocations window 410 moves. The speed with which thewindow 410 moves decelerates from time T2 to T5, preferably in an inertial manner. - It will be appreciated that deceleration can be determined in other ways. For example, deceleration can be determined from a look-up table. The look-up table can map the current speed and map it into a display speed for each sequential time. In one example, a table stores scaling factors used for mapping current speed to subsequent speeds. As one example, the table stores 10 scaling factors for 10 corresponding time cycles. Thus, if the current display speed is 10 frames-per-second (fps), after one second, the speed is multiplied by the first entry in the table, the scaling factor 0.9, to determine the speed after one second: 10 fps*0.9=9 fps. If the second entry in the table is 0.7, the speed during the next second of scrolling is the current speed times the next scaling factor (9 fps*0.7), or 6.3 fps. This table lookup continues until the last scaling factor (0.0) stops the scrolling. Using table look-ups in this way, linear, non-linear, step-wise (e.g., the speed is decreased, maintained over a time segment and decreased again, with the sequence continuing until scrolling stops), and other types of decay can be determined to control scrolling.
- It will be appreciated that deceleration in accordance with the present invention is able to be uniform or non-uniform. Different types of deceleration can be used to fit the application at hand. Indeed, uniform deceleration can be used over one time interval and non-uniform deceleration over another time interval.
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FIGS. 6A-E show another example, in which modeling inertial decay is used to decelerate a different display, a computersimulated gaming wheel 500, such as a roulette wheel.FIGS. 6A-E show thegaming wheel 500 at the times T1-T5, respectively, controlled using a finger sensor (not shown). When a user traces a circular or semi-circular path along the finger sensor, thegaming wheel 500 is turned in the same direction. When the finger is removed from the finger sensor (at the time shown inFIG. 6B ), thegaming wheel 500 continues to rotate, but at a rate that has an inertial decay in accordance with the present invention. As inFIGS. 1A-E , the widths and arrows of the curved lines next to thegaming wheel 500 indicate the speed and direction, respectively, that thegaming wheel 500 is rotating. -
FIG. 7 shows the steps of aprocess 600 for generally moving a computer display by using a finger sensor to emulate any number of electronic input devices in accordance with the present invention. The electronic input devices include, but are not limited to, a scroll wheel, a mouse, a wheel, a track ball, a push button, and a joy stick. First, in thestart step 601, parameters such as a dampening factor are initialized. Next, in thestep 603, a finger movement along the finger sensor is determined. and in thestep 605, the movement is translated to a motion of the emulated device. This motion can be the movement of a joystick, a scrolling motion, a translation motion (such as of a window over a map), and a button press, to name only a few. - Next, in the
step 607, the position and movement parameters of the emulated device are updated. Examples of movement parameters include acceleration and direction. These parameters are used to determine the direction that is to be taken (e.g., continued) when the finger no longer touches the finger sensor. The acceleration can include gradual (uniform or non-uniform) deceleration. In thestep 609, the display (e.g., a list of menu items) is moved in a manner corresponding to the emulated electronic input device. - In the
step 611, the process determines whether the finger is still on the finger sensor. If the finger is still on the finger sensor, the process loops back to thestep 603. Otherwise, the process continues to thestep 613, in which it determines whether the display has stopped moving. If the display has not stopped moving, the process loops back to thestep 603. Otherwise, the process continues to thestep 615, in which it ends. - In accordance with the present invention, a sudden-stop feature instantly stops the inertial movement (e.g., scrolling) with a fresh touch of the
finger sensor 105. In this way, a user can quickly change a scrolling direction without having to wait for the scrolling to stop. This not only allows for greater ease of use but also allows quick turnaround of fresh movements in other directions. With this feature, there is no need to generate extra movement to overcome the current inertia before shifting the direction of motion. -
FIG. 8 shows the steps of aprocess 700 incorporating the sudden-stop feature when scrolling through themenu 120 inFIGS. 1A-E . Referring toFIGS. 1A-E and 8, in thestart step 701, parameters, such as a dampening factor, are initialized. In thestep 703, the process reads the movement of thefinger 101 along a surface of thesensor 105. In thestep 705, themenu 120 is scrolled in a manner corresponding to the finger movement. Next, in thestep 707, the process determines whether thefinger 101 is still contacting thesensor 105. If thefinger 101 is still contacting thesensor 105, the process loops back to thestep 703; otherwise, the process continues to thestep 709. - In the
step 709, the process decelerates the scrolling based on the inertial factors, such as described above. In thestep 711, the process determines whether the scrolling has stopped. If the scrolling has stopped, the process loops back to thestep 703; otherwise, the process continues to thestep 713, in which it determines whether thefinger 101 is again contacting thesensor 105. If thefinger 101 is not again contacting thesensor 105, the process loops back to thestep 703; otherwise, the process continues to thestep 715. - In the
step 715, the process determines whether thesensor 105 was tapped quickly, thereby triggering a sudden stop. As one example, the process determines that thesensor 105 was tapped quickly if thefinger 101 next contacts thesensor 105 at a time TA and is removed at a time TB, where TB−TA≦5 ms. Those skilled in the art will recognize other ways of defining and later recognizing a tap as “quick.” If, in thestep 715, the process determines that the tap is quick, the process continues to thestep 717, in which the scrolling is suddenly stopped; otherwise, the process loops back to thestep 703. - While
FIG. 8 describes scrolling based on inertial factors, it will be appreciated that the sudden-stop feature is able to be used to decelerate scrolling and other motions using other kinds of deceleration, including non-uniform ones. Those skilled in the art will recognize other ways of triggering a sudden stop in accordance with the present invention. In an alternative embodiment, the sudden-stop feature is triggered by contacting thesensor 105 and maintaining the contact for a predetermined time, such as one or two seconds. - Embodiments of the present invention are also able to accelerate or decelerate motion of a computer display. As one example, consecutive finger swipes in a same direction result in accelerating the motion. Swiping in one direction followed by a swipe in the opposite direction results in decelerating the motion.
FIGS. 9A-H illustrate how the motion of the display 120 (FIGS. 1A-E ) is accelerated by swiping thefinger 101 multiple times along thefinger sensor 105 over a sequence of increasing times T0-T7, respectively. - Each of the
FIGS. 9A-H depicts agraph 150 plotting a speed of the display 120 (on the vertical axis labeled “v1” to “v7”) versus time. Each occurrence of thegraph 150 identifies the current speed by thelabel 155.FIGS. 9D-H also label the speed at the immediately preceding time with an “x,” tracing changes in velocity with dotted lines. As shown inFIGS. 9A-H , swiping thefinger sensor 105 multiple times increases the speed of thedisplay 120. Increasing speed in this way is referred to as “additive” motion. - As shown in
FIGS. 9A-C , moving thefinger 101 across thefinger sensor 105 from time T0 to T2 causes the speed of thedisplay 120 to increase from 0 to v4. After thefinger 101 is removed from thesensor 105 immediately after the time T2 (FIGS. 9C-D ), from then until the time T5 (FIGS. 9C to 9F ), the speed decreases. - After the
finger 101 is returned to thesensor 105 at the time T6 (FIG. 9G ), thefinger 101 is swiped a second time (time T5 to T7,FIGS. 9F-H ). Because this second swipe begins when thedisplay 120 is already in motion, the swipe results in a greater speed than the initial swipe (from time T0 to T2). - Preferably, the speed of the
display 120 increases with the number of swipes and also with the total distance traveled by the swipes. Thus, swiping thefinger 101 along thefinger sensor 105 five times will move thedisplay 120 faster than if thefinger 120 was swiped four times. And swiping thefinger 101 five times a total distance of fives inches will result in a faster motion than swiping thefinger 101 five times but a total distance of four inches. - While
FIGS. 9A-C and 9G-H show a constant acceleration (e.g., thegraph 150 during the corresponding time periods has a constant slope), other types of acceleration are able to be attained in accordance with the present invention. Some examples include exponential acceleration, with or without a maximum value; and step-wise acceleration, to name only two types. Furthermore, acceleration can be determined using a look-up table, such as one having scaling factors with values larger than one. Using the table entries of one such example, the speed is multiplied by the scaling factors 1.1, 1.5, and 2.0 in sequential time intervals. - In this example, the speed decreases from T2 to T5 with an inertial decay, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. It will be appreciated that in accordance with other embodiments, the speed can decrease from T2 to T5 in other ways, both uniform and non-uniform.
- In still another embodiment, motion is accelerated by swiping and holding a finger or other object on a finger sensor. An initial swipe will start accelerating a display (e.g.,
display 120 inFIGS. 1A-E ). At the end of the swipe, the finger is held stationary, or nearly stationary. The display will continue to accelerate while the finger is held in place. The longer the finger is held in place, the faster the display moves, until a maximum speed (peak threshold) is reached. After the display reaches the desired speed, the finger is either removed or moved farther to complete the swipe. - It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention can be combined in many ways. For example, the sudden stop feature can be implemented to suddenly stop the additive motion. Similarly, the sudden stop feature, the additive motion, and the deceleration, all in accordance with the present invention, can all be combined in any combination.
-
FIG. 10 shows the steps of aprocess 800 for determining additive motion, such as additive scrolling, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Many of the steps in theprocess 800 are similar to the steps in theprocess 600, shown inFIG. 7 , and are similarly labeled. To simplify the discussion, the common steps will not be discussed here. Referring toFIG. 10 , from thestep 613, the process determines whether the display has stopped moving. If it has not, the process continues to thestep 617, in which it determines whether a new (e.g., consecutive or sequential) swipe has occurred. If a new swipe has not occurred, the process loops back to thestep 607. Otherwise, the process loops back to thestep 603. If, in thestep 603, the process determines that the finger was swiped in the same direction as during the immediately preceding swipe, the process later updates the position and movement parameters in thestep 607 to accelerate the display motion. On the other hand, if, in thestep 603, the process determines that the finger was swiped in a direction opposite to that of the immediately preceding swipe, the process later updates the position and movement parameters in thestep 607 to decelerate the display motion. -
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of asystem 900 used to emulate a scroll wheel using decay in accordance with the present invention. Thesystem 900 includes thefinger sensor 105 coupled to atranslation module 925, which translates finger movements into scroll wheel signals for scrolling themenu 120 on thedisplay 125, as shown inFIGS. 1A-E . Thetranslation module 925 includes amovement correlator 910 and amotion translator 915. The movement correlator 910 correlates images sequentially captured by thefinger sensor 105 and determines finger movement, such as in thestep 303 ofFIG. 4 . Themotion translator 915 receives the finger movement, translates the finger movement into joystick movement (step 305,FIG. 4 ), calculates new joystick movement (step 307,FIG. 4 ), updates inertial/acceleration factors based on joystick position (step 309,FIG. 4 ), translates the joystick position into a scrolling motion by applying the acceleration factors (step 311,FIG. 4 ), and scrolls the menu accordingly (step 313,FIG. 4 ). - In one embodiment, both of the
elements FIG. 4 . In other embodiments, the elements include software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of these. - It will be appreciated that the steps shown in
FIG. 4 can be distributed among thecomponents FIG. 12 , below. Preferably, thecomponents FIG. 8 , the additive motion feature described inFIG. 10 , or both. - In one embodiment, a motion translator is used to provide inertial deceleration when emulating multiple different input devices. For example, inertial deceleration is used to gradually decelerate movement corresponding to a scroll wheel, a wheel (e.g., a roulette wheel), and a mouse. Preferably, a single acceleration/deceleration module (such as one simulating deceleration, acceleration, and a sudden-stop feature) is shared among several device emulators.
FIG. 12 illustrates asystem 950 that emulates several electronic input devices, all of which use acceleration/deceleration in accordance with the present invention. - The
system 950 includes theelements system 950 also includes atranslation module 980, which includes themovement correlator 910 and an acceleration/deceleration calculator 975. The acceleration/deceleration calculator 975 is coupled to ascroll wheel emulator 915, awheel emulator 917, and amouse emulator 919, all of which are coupled to aswitch 985, which in turn is coupled to thedisplay device 125. Theswitch 985 routes to thedisplay device 125 the emulator (i.e., 915, 917, and 919) corresponding to the device currently being emulated. Device emulation using fingerprint sensors is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,474,772, filed Jun. 21, 2004, and titled “System and Method for a Miniature User Input Device,” which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. - In one example, referring to
FIGS. 7 and 10 , the acceleration/deceleration calculator 975 performs thestep 607, determining the inertial decay from position and movement parameters. When thefinger sensor 105 is used to emulate a scroll wheel, thestep 605 is performed by thescroll wheel emulator 915. When thefinger sensor 105 is used to emulate a wheel, device movement is determined by thewheel emulator 917. When thefinger sensor 105 is used to emulate a mouse, device movement is determined by themouse emulator 919. Again, theelements - Embodiments of the invention are also able to control a display in response to pressing a surface of a finger sensor, such as by a finger tap. As such, their usefulness can be seen in all variants of fingerprint sensor navigation. As one example, movement having an inertial decay in accordance with the present invention is used to move through a list of items, to zoom in on or zoom out from an image of a city map, to select a large grid menu, and to control an arcade game, such as billiards, that provides virtual realism in terms of movement.
- As one example, referring to
FIGS. 1A-E , after the scrolling gradually comes to a stop, the user presses the surface of thefinger sensor 105 to select a highlighted name, such as the topmost name in themenu display 120. Contact information for the highlighted name is then immediately presented on thedisplay device 125. - As another example, referring to
FIGS. 1A-E and 5, after thewindow 410 has come to a stop (position 425E), tapping thefinger sensor 105 in a predetermined manner (e.g., one quick tap) zooms in on that portion of the image within thewindow 410; tapping thefinger sensor 105 in another predetermined manner (e.g., two quick taps in succession or a tap-and-hold motion) zooms out from the same portion of the image. Those skilled in the art will recognize other actions that can be taken by tapping or otherwise increasing a pressure on a surface of thefinger sensor 105. - One embodiment of the invention allows for dual-mode scrolling. In this mode, a system is configured to perform both single-step (non-inertial) scrolling and inertial scrolling through the adjustment of the dampening factor based upon the context of recent movement. If the recent movement is indicative of slow or single-step scrolling, then the dampening factor is decreased substantially, resulting in what is effectively non-inertial scrolling (e.g., the joystick reverts to the zero or home position nearly instantly). As one example, the system determines that recent movement indicates a preference for slow or single-step scrolling when a user implements the sudden-stop feature several consecutive times. In response, the system adjusts the damping factor (e.g., in the step 309) to ensure that the return-to-home motion is fast, approaching a single-step mode.
- In the operation of one embodiment of the invention, a user swipes or traces a finger on a finger sensor to set a display in motion. During the swipe, the system determines the direction of the swipe and other parameters, such as the duration of the swipe or the acceleration of the swipe. During the swipe, the user can accelerate the motion by again swiping, in the same direction as before; or she can decelerate the motion by swiping in a different direction. Once the swipe is completed, the display continues in the same direction, before slowing down. This motion provides the user with a more pleasurable viewing experience as the display rolls to a smooth stop. The user also has greater control over moving the display. Later, the user can tap the finger sensor to trigger an action, such as selecting a highlighted object.
- In a preferred embodiment, a finger sensor, computing elements, and display device are integrated onto a single device, such as a mobile phone, personal digital assistant, or portable gaming device. Alternatively, a system in accordance with the present invention includes separate components, such as a swipe sensor, display screen, and host computer.
- Those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications can be made to embodiments of the invention. For example, while most of the embodiments disclose a finger swipe sensor, other embodiments use a finger placement sensor. Furthermore, in the flow charts given, some steps can be skipped, others added, and all can be performed in different sequences. It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that other modifications may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (30)
1-33. (canceled)
34. A method for moving at least one display element on a display using a finger sensor as an emulated input device, the method comprising:
(a) determining finger movement along the finger sensor based upon sequentially captured finger surface patterns;
(b) translating the determined finger movement to updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of the emulated input device;
(c) moving the at least one display element on the display based upon the updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of the emulated input device; and
(d) determining if the finger is still touching the finger sensor, and when the finger is still touching the finger sensor then repeating steps (a) through (c), and when the finger is no longer touching the finger sensor then applying updated position and inertial acceleration parameters to continue movement of the at least one display element on the display.
35. The method of claim 34 comprising stopping continued movement based upon a subsequent tapping of the finger sensor.
36. The method of claim 34 wherein the determining finger movement along the finger sensor comprises determining finger movement as at least one of a speed, a direction, and a time of finger swiping movement.
37. The method of claim 34 wherein the determining finger movement along the finger sensor comprises determining speed of finger swiping movement; and wherein translating comprises translating a faster speed of finger swiping movement into a slower deceleration.
38. The method of claim 34 wherein the determining finger movement along the finger sensor comprises determining speed of finger swiping movement; and wherein translating comprises translating a greater time of finger swiping movement into a slower deceleration.
39. The method of claim 34 wherein the emulated input device comprises at least one of a joystick, mouse, and scroll wheel.
40. The method of claim 34 wherein the captured finger patterns comprise at least one of bifurcations, pores, ridge endings, swirls, and whorls.
41. The method of claim 34 wherein translating comprises translating the determined finger movement to updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of the emulated input device based upon values stored in a look-up table.
42. The method of claim 34 wherein translating comprises translating the determined finger movement to updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of the emulated input device based upon an inertial decay function.
43. The method of claim 34 wherein the computer display shows one of a list of items, a region of an image, a grid menu, slides of images, a game image, and an element of a computer simulation.
44. The method of claim 34 wherein the at least one display element comprises a movable window.
45. A method for moving at least one display element on a display using a finger sensor as an emulated input device, the method comprising:
(a) determining finger movement along the finger sensor as at least one of a speed, a direction, and a time of finger swiping movement based upon sequentially captured finger surface patterns;
(b) translating the determined finger movement to updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of the emulated input device;
(c) moving the at least one display element on the display based upon the updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of the emulated input device;
(d) determining if the finger is still touching the finger sensor, and when the finger is still touching the finger sensor then repeating steps (a) through (c), and when the finger is no longer touching the finger sensor then applying updated position and inertial acceleration parameters to continue movement of the at least one display element on the display and stopping continued movement based upon a subsequent tapping of the finger sensor.
46. The method of claim 45 wherein the determining finger movement along the finger sensor comprises determining speed of finger swiping movement; and wherein translating comprises translating a faster speed of finger swiping movement into a slower deceleration.
47. The method of claim 45 wherein the determining finger movement along the finger sensor comprises determining speed of finger swiping movement; and wherein translating comprises translating a greater time of finger swiping movement into a slower deceleration.
48. The method of claim 45 wherein the emulated input device comprises at least one of a joystick, mouse, and scroll wheel.
49. The method of claim 45 wherein the captured finger patterns comprise at least one of bifurcations, pores, ridge endings, swirls, and whorls.
50. The method of claim 45 wherein translating comprises translating the determined finger movement to updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of the emulated input device based upon values stored in a look-up table.
51. The method of claim 45 wherein translating comprises translating the determined finger movement to updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of the emulated input device based upon an inertial decay function.
52. The method of claim 45 wherein the at least one display element comprises a movable window.
53. An electronic device comprising:
a display;
a finger sensor; and
a motion translator configured to
(a) determine finger movement along the finger sensor based upon sequentially captured finger surface patterns,
(b) translate the determined finger movement to updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of an emulated input device,
(c) move the at least one display element on the display based upon the updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of the emulated input device, and
(d) determine if the finger is still touching the finger sensor, and when the finger is still touching the finger sensor then repeat steps (a) through (c), and when the finger is no longer touching the finger sensor then apply updated position and inertial acceleration parameters to continue movement of the at least one display element on the display.
54. The electronic device of claim 53 wherein the motion translator is configured to stop continued movement based upon a subsequent tapping of the finger sensor.
55. The electronic device of claim 53 wherein the motion translator is configured to determine finger movement as at least one of a speed, a direction, and a time of finger swiping movement.
56. The electronic device of claim 53 wherein the motion translator is configured to determine speed of finger swiping movement, and translate a faster speed of finger swiping movement into a slower deceleration.
57. The electronic device of claim 53 wherein the motion translator is configured to determine speed of finger swiping movement, and translate a greater time of finger swiping movement into a slower deceleration.
58. The electronic device of claim 53 wherein the emulated input device comprises at least one of a joystick, mouse, and scroll wheel.
59. The electronic device of claim 53 wherein the captured finger patterns comprise at least one of bifurcations, pores, ridge endings, swirls, and whorls.
60. The electronic device of claim 53 wherein the motion translator is configured to translate the determined finger movement to updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of the emulated input device based upon values stored in a look-up table.
61. The electronic device of claim 53 wherein the motion translator is configured to translate the determined finger movement to updated position and inertial acceleration parameters of the emulated input device based upon an inertial decay function.
62. The electronic device of claim 53 wherein the at least one display element comprises a movable window.
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US15/724,285 US20180024718A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 | 2017-10-04 | Systems for and methods of providing inertial scrolling and navigation using a fingerprint sensor |
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