US20170318645A1 - High efficiency light compatibility device - Google Patents
High efficiency light compatibility device Download PDFInfo
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- US20170318645A1 US20170318645A1 US15/646,000 US201715646000A US2017318645A1 US 20170318645 A1 US20170318645 A1 US 20170318645A1 US 201715646000 A US201715646000 A US 201715646000A US 2017318645 A1 US2017318645 A1 US 2017318645A1
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- Prior art keywords
- load
- current
- lamp
- light
- electrical lead
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Classifications
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- H05B37/0227—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
- H05B47/115—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings
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- H05B33/0845—
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- H05B33/0887—
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- H05B37/0272—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/36—Controlling
- H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
- H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
- H05B45/56—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits involving measures to prevent abnormal temperature of the LEDs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
- H05B45/59—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits for reducing or suppressing flicker or glow effects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
- H05B47/24—Circuit arrangements for protecting against overvoltage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
- F21V19/006—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders of point-like light sources, e.g. incandescent or halogen lamps, with screw-threaded or bayonet base
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/40—Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to lighting circuitry, and more particularly, to lighting circuitry for stabilizing operation of a high efficiency lighting element activated by an automated switching apparatus, such as a light switch motion detector.
- fluorescent light bulbs provide higher power efficiency and longer life expectancy, fluorescent light bulbs had several negative factors. For instance, it has been discovered that fluorescent light bulbs do not function properly when connected to commonly powered electronic switching devices such as motion detectors, electronic timers, and other devices requiring a low current to pass through the lighting element to provide power to the electronic switching device while the lighting element is in the “off” state. This is typically required due to the wiring limitations of residential homes and other building structures, wherein a small current is required to pass through the lighting element in order to provide current to the electronic switching device.
- incandescent light bulbs While the phenomena of current leakage in the off state has existed for quite some time, it has not typically been a problem with incandescent light bulbs.
- the filament used in incandescent light bulbs allows small currents to pass through the incandescent light bulbs without lighting the bulb because the small current does not experience enough resistance to cause the filament to heat up and glow or light.
- High efficiency light bulbs such as Compact Fluorescent (CFL), halogen and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) require very little current to operate.
- CFL Compact Fluorescent
- LEDs Light Emitting Diodes
- some form of load control switch such as a motion detect switch (Passive Infrared Sensor, PIR), Timer, Dimmer switch, or any parasitic load control device
- PIR Passive Infrared Sensor
- Timer Timer
- Dimmer switch or any parasitic load control device
- the high efficiency bulb depending on the type, will either flash on and off (flicker) or glow dimly when the switch is in an off state.
- the reason for this condition with the various bulbs is due to the parasitic load control device when in an “off” state has some minimal level of leakage current which it adversely effects the high efficiency bulbs and the bulbs attempt to turn on.
- Quiescent current is required to power the parasitic load device in a shutdown condition which allows the parasitic load control device (automatic control switch) to operate.
- an aspect of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive and energy efficient apparatus that can be easily installed by consumers between a light socket and an energy efficiency lighting element for light sockets controlled by commonly powered electronic switching devices to prevent flickering and glowing of the energy efficient lighting element during the “off” state.
- the present invention achieves this aspect by providing an anti-flicker and anti-glow apparatus to be installed in the light socket of a commonly powered electronic switching device, such as a motion activated light switch.
- An energy efficient light bulb or lamp such as a CCFL, a Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CFL), or an LED is then screwed into the apparatus.
- the present invention does not require any additional wiring or installation procedures. The present invention is simply screwed into the source light socket, and the energy efficient lamp is screwed into a second socket within the present invention.
- a first embodiment of the present invention includes a switchable light source, a switchable load, a controller, and a voltage sensor.
- a second embodiment of the present invention includes a switchable load, a controller, a local power supply, and a voltage sensor. Both embodiments of the present invention are designed to provide a minimal load for the minor current to pass through in the “off” state.
- the present invention in the first embodiment detects a higher current passing through the minimal load, and therefore a higher voltage, thus indicating the lamp has been switched from the “off” state to the “on” state, the switchable load is disconnected, and the current is re-routed to pass through the energy efficient lamp. Thus, no power is wasted passing current through the switchable load in the “on” state.
- the present invention when the present invention detects a higher current passing through the minimal load, and therefore a higher voltage, thus indicating the lamp has been switched from the “off” state to the on state, current through the switchable load is turned off, and the power current is directed to pass through the energy efficient lamp.
- the load resistor is used to hold the voltage low across the hot and neutral (or ground) line, thus keeping the CCFL from firing.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the insertion of an anti-flicker apparatus configured in accordance with the present invention into a conventional residential light socket wiring diagram;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an anti-flicker apparatus configured in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the block diagram shown in FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an anti-flicker apparatus configured in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the block diagram shown in FIG. 4 ;
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram similar to the circuit shown in FIG. 3 , except a capacitor 77 has been added;
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram similar to circuit shown in FIG. 3 , except the normally open relay 26 and a low-load resistor 28 have been replaced by a shunting circuit;
- FIG. 8 illustrates a resistive shunt circuit configures in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 9 illustrates a resistive capacitance shunt circuit configured in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a shunt circuit utilizing a positive temperature coefficient device configured in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a circuit diagram of a further embodiment of an anti-flicker controller configured in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit diagram 100 of a conventional light socket wiring diagram of a residential home and internal wall 102 , wherein a wall mounted, motion activated light switch 104 controlling an energy efficient light 106 is connected to a light socket 105 having a standard switched hot wire 107 and a standard neutral (or ground) wire 109 .
- a complete circuit must be established between hot node 111 and neutral (or ground) node 113 of the light switch socket 108 in order to power the auto switch, here a motion detector 104 , while the energy efficient lamp 106 is in the “off” state. While this conventionally is accomplished by passing a small current through the lamp 106 to complete the circuit and power the motion detector 104 , this results in flickering or a soft glow in energy efficient lamps, as discussed above in the background of the invention section.
- the present invention provides an anti-flicker or anti-glow switchable load apparatus 110 to carry the current during the “off” state, thus by-passing the energy efficient lamp 106 in the first embodiment of the invention, and minimizing current to the energy efficient lamp in the second embodiment of the present invention, thereby both first and second embodiments of the present invention preventing flickering or glowing of the energy efficient lamp 106 .
- the anti-flicker switchable load apparatus 110 detects the increased voltage, and re-directs or increases current flow, depending upon the embodiment of the invention, to the lamp 106 instead of a switchable load contained within the anti-flicker switchable load apparatus.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of anti-flicker or anti-glow apparatus 10 configured in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the apparatus 10 preferably is configured to be easily screwed into the original socket 12 of an electronically activated light source, such as an internal wall-mounted motion activated light switch using an energy efficient lamp 14 , such as a CCFL or a CFL.
- the energy efficient lamp is simply screwed into the light socket 18 of the anti-flicker apparatus 10 .
- Block diagram 16 illustrates the internal electrical components of the anti-flicker apparatus 10 configured in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. Included in the anti-flicker apparatus 10 are a switchable load 20 , a controller 22 , a voltage sensor 24 , and a switchable light source 23 .
- the switchable light source 25 is a Single-Pole Double-Through (SPDT) switch.
- SPDT Single-Pole Double-Through
- the voltage sensor 24 monitors the level of voltage between lines Hot (In) and Neutral (or ground). When the voltage level between lines Hot (In) and Neutral (or ground) increases to a level to indicate the electronic switch, such as a motion sensor, has switched from an “off” state to an “on” state, the controller 22 will disconnect the Hot (In) line from switchable load 20 , and connect it to Hot (Out) line, thus re-directing all the current to the lamp 14 .
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram corresponding to the block diagram shown in FIG. 2 .
- the energy efficient lamp 14 is shown to be connected to the anti-flicker switchable load apparatus 16 .
- the anti-flicker switchable load apparatus 16 includes a normally open relay 26 and a low-load resistor 28 .
- the normally open relay 26 functions as the controller 22 and the voltage sensor 20 .
- the resistor 28 functions as the switchable load 20 .
- the normal open relay 26 allows the small current, which provides power to the motion detector, to flow through line 27 , which is connected to open position “O” of relay 26 .
- the current passes through low-load resistor 28 to provide a complete circuit back to Neutral (or ground) connection B 13 .
- While the relay 28 is in the normal open position “O”, no current flows to the lamp 14 via line 29 because it is an open circuit.
- resistor 28 is illustrated as being 17 ohms, resistor 28 can be various low ohms values and still function properly.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an anti-flicker or anti-glow switchable load apparatus 50 configured in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. Illustrated is a motion detector 52 including a light socket 54 that is activated by the motion detector.
- the motion detector security light 52 is designed to be electrically connected and mounted to an electrical switch box for a light fixture having a “hot” wire connection 53 and a “neutral (or ground)” wire connection 55 .
- the components of the anti-flicker switchable load apparatus 50 are illustrated in the block diagram 60 shown in FIG. 4 .
- the anti-flicker switchable load apparatus 50 includes a socket 58 for receiving an energy-efficient lamp 56 .
- the block diagram 60 of the anti-flicker switchable load apparatus 50 includes a switchable load 62 with an integrated current sensor, a controller and local power supply 64 , and a voltage sensor 66 . Similar to the first embodiment, the switchable load 62 provides a path for the small current providing power to the motion detector during the “off” state.
- the voltage sensor 66 monitors the voltage level between the hot lead 53 and the neutral (or ground) lead 55 . When the voltage level increases, indicating that the motion detector 52 has detected an object and switched from the “off” state to the “on” state, the switchable load/current sensor 62 detects the increase in voltage and signals the controller and local power supply 64 .
- the controller and local power supply 64 then opens the switchable load 62 , turning off current flow through the switchable load 62 , which prevents wasting power in the suitable load, since the energy efficient lamp 56 is fully “on.”
- the controller and local power supply 64 detects the voltage drop from the voltage sensor 66 and closes the switchable load 62 to re-direct current through the switchable load. This reduces the voltage to the CCFL, thus keeping it from falsely firing.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the block diagram 60 shown in FIG. 4 .
- Resistors R 4 and R 5 function as the voltage sensor 66 , and the microprocessor-based control functions as the controller 64 .
- One suitable microprocessor that may be utilized in the illustrated circuit is a Texas Instrument microprocessor, part number MSP 430 G2230.
- Resistors R 2 , RA and mosfet Q 1 function as a switchable load resistor.
- R 2 A senses the current flowing through Q 1 when Q 1 is activated. This voltage in then divided down through resistor R 30 and R 31 and filtered with capacitor C 10 to provide a current sense of the load to the microprocessor.
- the controller clamps the current sensor input to ground in order to prevent over voltage damage to the controller 70 .
- the diode bridge B 1 converts 120 volts RMS to full wave 180 VDC.
- the resistor R 1 , diode D 1 , capacitor C 2 , and zener diode D 2 create a 3.3 v power supply to power the microprocessor 70 .
- the microprocessor 70 monitors the voltage across nodes E and F via sense line 72 , which is located between the resistor bridge R 4 and R 5 .
- the microprocessor also monitors the current by measuring the voltage across R 2 A to determine the current through the load when Q 1 is active.
- the microprocessor 70 is programmed to control the switchable load 62 to provide power for the motion detector 52 in the “off” state.
- the controller monitors the voltage across nodes E and F via sense line 71 , which is located between the resistor bridge R 4 and R 5 .
- the microprocessor 70 is programmed to control the switchable load to turn back on when the voltage is too low.
- the switchable load 62 includes the mosfet Q 1 and the resistive load bank R 2 .
- the mosfet Q 1 has a shunt resistor R 3 on the gate to ensure the mosfet Q 1 is off during power up.
- the microprocessor 70 activates the mosfet Q 1 when current flow is necessary to provide power to the motion detector 52 and shuts off when the motion detector 52 has turned on the light 56 so it does not waste power and overheat the resistive load bank.
- the microprocessor 70 also utilizes the current sensor to determine when the motion detector has turned on and current is larger than when it is in a quiescent state. This is accomplished though the gate control line 71 in FIG. 1 . This embodiment of the microprocessor 70 was selected because of its price and ability to implement an intelligent switching load.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram similar to the circuit shown in FIG. 3 , except a capacitor has been added.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram similar to circuit shown in FIG. 3 , except the normally open relay 26 and a low-load resistor 28 have been replaced by a shunting circuit.
- the inventors of the present invention determined that a method of preventing the quiescent current from reaching the high efficiency bulb is to shunt the current, diverting it to another path within the circuit or lowering the current below the threshold of causing the various types of high efficiency bulbs to false start.
- Shunting methods can range from simple to complex designs to accomplish this task.
- the most common ways to sense current are a resistive shunt, the current transformer and the Hall Effect current sensor.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a resistive shunt circuit 80 comprised of a resistor 82 installed in series with the load, such as an energy efficient lamp 14 .
- the series resistor 82 is sized appropriately to prevent quiescent current from reaching the high efficiency bulb and rated for the appropriate full load current when the parasitic load control device is in the “on” state.
- a resistive shunt circuit 80 installed in parallel to the load will provide a path to neutral for the quiescent current when the parasitic load device is in the “off” state and when the parasitic load device is in the “on” state, the current will be high enough to power the load with limited current flow through the resistive shunt.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a resistive capacitive shunt circuit 85 for preventing quiescent current from reaching the load 14 .
- the resistive capacitive shunt 85 can be inserted all the time, and it would not need to be switched out of the circuit. If a series resistor is added it would add some power dissipation but this could be kept low.
- the RC network shown in FIG. 9 addresses the issue with CCFL and LED based lamps.
- a parasitic load control device is illustrated on the left hand side, and a load 14 is shown on the right hand side, such as an incandescent lamp, CFL Lamp, LED Lamp, or some combination.
- the illustrated RC network is a series parallel combination that is in parallel with the load.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a positive temperature coefficient device circuit 90 .
- the temperature rise within the positive temperature coefficient device 92 causes the internal resistance to rise very quickly resulting in the device protecting itself as well as the protected circuitry.
- the added circuitry is in parallel with the load 14 .
- the added circuitry where the PTCC is used is a series string.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a further embodiment of an anti-flicker controller or high efficiency light compatibility device 200 configured in accordance with the present invention.
- Power is applied on leads “in+” and “in ⁇ ” that connect B 1 .
- the diode Bridge B 1 converts 120 volts RMS to full wave 180 VDC.
- the resistors R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , DIODE D 1 , capacitor C 1 and the zener diode D 2 create a 3.3 volt power supply to power the microprocessor U 1 .
- Resistors R 6 , R 5 , R 7 and Capacitor C 2 function as a voltage sensor that is read by the microprocessor U 1 on pin 3 .
- components RP 17 , R 8 , R 9 and C 3 act as a current monitor.
- the controller clamps the current sensing input to ground to prevent over voltage damage to the controller.
- Resistors RP 0 thru RP 17 act as a load when switched on by Q 1 , which is controlled by U 1 threw pin 2 .
- Resistor R 3 is used to keep the load disabled until the microprocessor U 1 is out of reset and stabilized.
- One suitable microprocessor that may be utilized is the illustrated Texas Instrument microprocessor, part number msp430G2230. Connector SV 1 and associated connection are used to program the microprocessor U 1 and are not relevant once U 1 is programmed.
- the microprocessor U 1 monitors the current to determine the load when Q 1 is active.
- the microprocessor U 1 is programmed to control the switchable load to provide power for the external device when it is in the “off” state.
- the controller 200 detects the increase in current and switches off the load.
- the controller 200 monitors the voltage detector to determine if the external device has turned off the power. When this happens the controller 200 re-asserts the load to provide power to the external device.
- the present invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated package designs.
- the present invention also can be located within light socket fixture box, typically located within the ceiling of a home.
- the present invention can be incorporated into various types of electronics switches, in addition to electronic switches such as motion detectors and electronic timers.
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- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
Abstract
An anti-flicker and anti-glow switchable load apparatus to be installed in the light socket of a commonly powered electronic switching device, such as a motion activated light switch. An energy efficient light bulb or lamp, such as a cathode fluorescent lamp or light emitting diode is then screwed into the apparatus. A first embodiment of the present invention includes a switchable light source, a switchable load, a controller, and a voltage sensor. When the present invention in the first embodiment detects a higher voltage, thus indicating the lamp has been switched from the “off” state to the on state, the switchable load is disconnected, and the current is re-routed to pass through the energy efficient lamp.
Description
- This patent application is a Continuation-in-Part (CIP) of patent application having application Ser. No. 15/080,558, filed on Mar. 24, 2016, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,706,625, which is a Continuation-in-Part (CIP) of patent application having application Ser. No. 13/683,665, filed on Nov. 21, 2012, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,301,368, which claims the benefit of provisional application having application No. 61/562,425, which was filed on Nov. 21, 2011. All of the patent applications and issued patents referenced immediately above in this paragraph are hereby incorporated by reference.
- The present invention relates generally to lighting circuitry, and more particularly, to lighting circuitry for stabilizing operation of a high efficiency lighting element activated by an automated switching apparatus, such as a light switch motion detector.
- Higher efficiency lighting elements, such as Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFL), are becoming extremely popular due to the current “Green” movement. Current government mandates are requiring incandescent bulbs to be phased out of production in favor high efficiency fluorescent light bulbs, such as CCFLs and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Within the next few years incandescent light bulbs are not expected to be available in the marketplace of the United States.
- While fluorescent light bulbs provide higher power efficiency and longer life expectancy, fluorescent light bulbs had several negative factors. For instance, it has been discovered that fluorescent light bulbs do not function properly when connected to commonly powered electronic switching devices such as motion detectors, electronic timers, and other devices requiring a low current to pass through the lighting element to provide power to the electronic switching device while the lighting element is in the “off” state. This is typically required due to the wiring limitations of residential homes and other building structures, wherein a small current is required to pass through the lighting element in order to provide current to the electronic switching device.
- While the phenomena of current leakage in the off state has existed for quite some time, it has not typically been a problem with incandescent light bulbs. The filament used in incandescent light bulbs allows small currents to pass through the incandescent light bulbs without lighting the bulb because the small current does not experience enough resistance to cause the filament to heat up and glow or light.
- High efficiency light bulbs such as Compact Fluorescent (CFL), halogen and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) require very little current to operate. When these types of bulbs are installed into a circuit with some form of load control switch such as a motion detect switch (Passive Infrared Sensor, PIR), Timer, Dimmer switch, or any parasitic load control device, the high efficiency bulb, depending on the type, will either flash on and off (flicker) or glow dimly when the switch is in an off state. The reason for this condition with the various bulbs is due to the parasitic load control device when in an “off” state has some minimal level of leakage current which it adversely effects the high efficiency bulbs and the bulbs attempt to turn on. Quiescent current is required to power the parasitic load device in a shutdown condition which allows the parasitic load control device (automatic control switch) to operate.
- Accordingly, there exists a need to provide a convenient and easily installed apparatus by consumers that can eliminate the flicker and glow from high efficiency lighting elements using commonly power electronic switching devices.
- In order to achieve these goals, an aspect of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive and energy efficient apparatus that can be easily installed by consumers between a light socket and an energy efficiency lighting element for light sockets controlled by commonly powered electronic switching devices to prevent flickering and glowing of the energy efficient lighting element during the “off” state.
- In order to achieve this aspect, for parasitic load control devices using high efficiency bulbs, the required quiescent current must be prevented from reaching the high efficiency bulb. The present invention achieves this aspect by providing an anti-flicker and anti-glow apparatus to be installed in the light socket of a commonly powered electronic switching device, such as a motion activated light switch. An energy efficient light bulb or lamp, such as a CCFL, a Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CFL), or an LED is then screwed into the apparatus. The present invention does not require any additional wiring or installation procedures. The present invention is simply screwed into the source light socket, and the energy efficient lamp is screwed into a second socket within the present invention.
- A first embodiment of the present invention includes a switchable light source, a switchable load, a controller, and a voltage sensor. A second embodiment of the present invention includes a switchable load, a controller, a local power supply, and a voltage sensor. Both embodiments of the present invention are designed to provide a minimal load for the minor current to pass through in the “off” state. When the present invention in the first embodiment detects a higher current passing through the minimal load, and therefore a higher voltage, thus indicating the lamp has been switched from the “off” state to the “on” state, the switchable load is disconnected, and the current is re-routed to pass through the energy efficient lamp. Thus, no power is wasted passing current through the switchable load in the “on” state. In the second embodiment, when the present invention detects a higher current passing through the minimal load, and therefore a higher voltage, thus indicating the lamp has been switched from the “off” state to the on state, current through the switchable load is turned off, and the power current is directed to pass through the energy efficient lamp. In the second embodiment, the load resistor is used to hold the voltage low across the hot and neutral (or ground) line, thus keeping the CCFL from firing.
- The foregoing has outlined, rather broadly, the preferred features of the present invention so that those skilled in the art may better understand the detailed description of the invention that follows. Additional features of the invention will be described hereinafter that form the subject of the claims of the invention. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed invention and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention, and that such other structures do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention in its broadest form.
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FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the insertion of an anti-flicker apparatus configured in accordance with the present invention into a conventional residential light socket wiring diagram; -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an anti-flicker apparatus configured in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the block diagram shown inFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an anti-flicker apparatus configured in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the block diagram shown inFIG. 4 ; -
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram similar to the circuit shown inFIG. 3 , except acapacitor 77 has been added; -
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram similar to circuit shown inFIG. 3 , except the normallyopen relay 26 and a low-load resistor 28 have been replaced by a shunting circuit; -
FIG. 8 illustrates a resistive shunt circuit configures in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 9 illustrates a resistive capacitance shunt circuit configured in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 10 illustrates a shunt circuit utilizing a positive temperature coefficient device configured in accordance with the present invention; and -
FIG. 11 illustrates a circuit diagram of a further embodiment of an anti-flicker controller configured in accordance with the present invention. - Referring now to the drawings,
FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit diagram 100 of a conventional light socket wiring diagram of a residential home andinternal wall 102, wherein a wall mounted, motion activatedlight switch 104 controlling an energyefficient light 106 is connected to alight socket 105 having a standard switchedhot wire 107 and a standard neutral (or ground)wire 109. As the diagram illustrates, a complete circuit must be established betweenhot node 111 and neutral (or ground)node 113 of thelight switch socket 108 in order to power the auto switch, here amotion detector 104, while the energyefficient lamp 106 is in the “off” state. While this conventionally is accomplished by passing a small current through thelamp 106 to complete the circuit and power themotion detector 104, this results in flickering or a soft glow in energy efficient lamps, as discussed above in the background of the invention section. - In order to overcome this deficiency in the prior art, the present invention provides an anti-flicker or anti-glow switchable load apparatus 110 to carry the current during the “off” state, thus by-passing the energy
efficient lamp 106 in the first embodiment of the invention, and minimizing current to the energy efficient lamp in the second embodiment of the present invention, thereby both first and second embodiments of the present invention preventing flickering or glowing of the energyefficient lamp 106. When the motion detector detects movement, and switches from an “off” state to an “on” state, thus providing increased voltage to thesocket 105, the anti-flicker switchable load apparatus 110 detects the increased voltage, and re-directs or increases current flow, depending upon the embodiment of the invention, to thelamp 106 instead of a switchable load contained within the anti-flicker switchable load apparatus. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of anti-flicker oranti-glow apparatus 10 configured in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. Theapparatus 10 preferably is configured to be easily screwed into theoriginal socket 12 of an electronically activated light source, such as an internal wall-mounted motion activated light switch using an energyefficient lamp 14, such as a CCFL or a CFL. The energy efficient lamp is simply screwed into thelight socket 18 of theanti-flicker apparatus 10. - Block diagram 16 illustrates the internal electrical components of the
anti-flicker apparatus 10 configured in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. Included in theanti-flicker apparatus 10 are aswitchable load 20, acontroller 22, avoltage sensor 24, and a switchable light source 23. In the illustrated embodiment, theswitchable light source 25 is a Single-Pole Double-Through (SPDT) switch. Theanti-flicker apparatus 10 is electrically connected between thelight socket 12 and the energyefficient lamp 14. During the “off” state, a minimal current passes though theswitchable load 20, thus preventing enough current to pass through the energyefficient lamp 14 to cause flicker or a soft glow. Thevoltage sensor 24 monitors the level of voltage between lines Hot (In) and Neutral (or ground). When the voltage level between lines Hot (In) and Neutral (or ground) increases to a level to indicate the electronic switch, such as a motion sensor, has switched from an “off” state to an “on” state, thecontroller 22 will disconnect the Hot (In) line fromswitchable load 20, and connect it to Hot (Out) line, thus re-directing all the current to thelamp 14. -
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram corresponding to the block diagram shown inFIG. 2 . The energyefficient lamp 14 is shown to be connected to the anti-flickerswitchable load apparatus 16. The anti-flickerswitchable load apparatus 16 includes a normallyopen relay 26 and a low-load resistor 28. The normallyopen relay 26 functions as thecontroller 22 and thevoltage sensor 20. Theresistor 28 functions as theswitchable load 20. In the “off” state, the normalopen relay 26 allows the small current, which provides power to the motion detector, to flow throughline 27, which is connected to open position “O” ofrelay 26. The current passes through low-load resistor 28 to provide a complete circuit back to Neutral (or ground)connection B 13. While therelay 28 is in the normal open position “O”, no current flows to thelamp 14 vialine 29 because it is an open circuit. Whileresistor 28 is illustrated as being 17 ohms,resistor 28 can be various low ohms values and still function properly. - When the motion detector detects movement and switches to the “on” state, the voltage level across nodes Hot (A) and Neutral (or ground) (B) increases significantly, which is detected by the normally open “make before brake”
relay 26. Sensing the increased voltage, therelay 26 switches to the closed position “C,” thus allowing current to flow throughline 29 to thelamp 14, and then line 27 changes to an open connection. This design eliminates power loss across theresistor 28 during the “on” state.FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an anti-flicker or anti-glowswitchable load apparatus 50 configured in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. Illustrated is amotion detector 52 including alight socket 54 that is activated by the motion detector. The motiondetector security light 52 is designed to be electrically connected and mounted to an electrical switch box for a light fixture having a “hot”wire connection 53 and a “neutral (or ground)”wire connection 55. The components of the anti-flickerswitchable load apparatus 50 are illustrated in the block diagram 60 shown inFIG. 4 . The anti-flickerswitchable load apparatus 50 includes asocket 58 for receiving an energy-efficient lamp 56. - The block diagram 60 of the anti-flicker
switchable load apparatus 50 includes aswitchable load 62 with an integrated current sensor, a controller andlocal power supply 64, and avoltage sensor 66. Similar to the first embodiment, theswitchable load 62 provides a path for the small current providing power to the motion detector during the “off” state. Thevoltage sensor 66 monitors the voltage level between thehot lead 53 and the neutral (or ground)lead 55. When the voltage level increases, indicating that themotion detector 52 has detected an object and switched from the “off” state to the “on” state, the switchable load/current sensor 62 detects the increase in voltage and signals the controller andlocal power supply 64. The controller andlocal power supply 64 then opens theswitchable load 62, turning off current flow through theswitchable load 62, which prevents wasting power in the suitable load, since the energyefficient lamp 56 is fully “on.” When a decrease in voltage is detected by thevoltage sensor 66, thus signaling themotion detector 52 has switched back to an “off” state, the controller andlocal power supply 64 detects the voltage drop from thevoltage sensor 66 and closes theswitchable load 62 to re-direct current through the switchable load. This reduces the voltage to the CCFL, thus keeping it from falsely firing. -
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the block diagram 60 shown inFIG. 4 . Resistors R4 and R5 function as thevoltage sensor 66, and the microprocessor-based control functions as thecontroller 64. One suitable microprocessor that may be utilized in the illustrated circuit is a Texas Instrument microprocessor, part number MSP 430 G2230. Resistors R2, RA and mosfet Q1 function as a switchable load resistor. R2A senses the current flowing through Q1 when Q1 is activated. This voltage in then divided down through resistor R30 and R31 and filtered with capacitor C10 to provide a current sense of the load to the microprocessor. When the load is not activated, the controller clamps the current sensor input to ground in order to prevent over voltage damage to thecontroller 70. - The diode bridge B1 converts 120 volts RMS to full wave 180 VDC. The resistor R1, diode D1, capacitor C2, and zener diode D2 create a 3.3 v power supply to power the
microprocessor 70. Themicroprocessor 70 monitors the voltage across nodes E and F viasense line 72, which is located between the resistor bridge R4 and R5. The microprocessor also monitors the current by measuring the voltage across R2A to determine the current through the load when Q1 is active. Themicroprocessor 70 is programmed to control theswitchable load 62 to provide power for themotion detector 52 in the “off” state. When the controller has switched off the load and the motion detector is on, the controller monitors the voltage across nodes E and F viasense line 71, which is located between the resistor bridge R4 and R5. Themicroprocessor 70 is programmed to control the switchable load to turn back on when the voltage is too low. - The
switchable load 62 includes the mosfet Q1 and the resistive load bank R2. The mosfet Q1 has a shunt resistor R3 on the gate to ensure the mosfet Q1 is off during power up. Themicroprocessor 70 activates the mosfet Q1 when current flow is necessary to provide power to themotion detector 52 and shuts off when themotion detector 52 has turned on the light 56 so it does not waste power and overheat the resistive load bank. Themicroprocessor 70 also utilizes the current sensor to determine when the motion detector has turned on and current is larger than when it is in a quiescent state. This is accomplished though thegate control line 71 inFIG. 1 . This embodiment of themicroprocessor 70 was selected because of its price and ability to implement an intelligent switching load. -
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram similar to the circuit shown inFIG. 3 , except a capacitor has been added. -
FIG. 7 . is a circuit diagram similar to circuit shown inFIG. 3 , except the normallyopen relay 26 and a low-load resistor 28 have been replaced by a shunting circuit. - Various types of parasitic load control devices were examined by the inventors of the present invention which were not compatible with high efficiency bulbs, in particular, a series of motion detect switches were reviewed in detail. When the device is in motion detector mode and the lamp is supposed to be off, the flickering occurs. It appears the switch is designed so that when the device is in motion detector mode the Resistor Capacitor (RC) network is not in parallel with the load. This explains why the flickering occurs when the lamp is supposed to be off. In the motion sensing mode the device is not compatible, presumably since the RC network is switched out allowing the quiescent current to reach the high efficiency bulb.
- The inventors of the present invention determined that a method of preventing the quiescent current from reaching the high efficiency bulb is to shunt the current, diverting it to another path within the circuit or lowering the current below the threshold of causing the various types of high efficiency bulbs to false start.
- Shunting methods can range from simple to complex designs to accomplish this task. The most common ways to sense current are a resistive shunt, the current transformer and the Hall Effect current sensor.
-
FIG. 8 illustrates aresistive shunt circuit 80 comprised of aresistor 82 installed in series with the load, such as an energyefficient lamp 14. Theseries resistor 82 is sized appropriately to prevent quiescent current from reaching the high efficiency bulb and rated for the appropriate full load current when the parasitic load control device is in the “on” state. Aresistive shunt circuit 80 installed in parallel to the load will provide a path to neutral for the quiescent current when the parasitic load device is in the “off” state and when the parasitic load device is in the “on” state, the current will be high enough to power the load with limited current flow through the resistive shunt. -
FIG. 9 illustrates a resistivecapacitive shunt circuit 85 for preventing quiescent current from reaching theload 14. Theresistive capacitive shunt 85 can be inserted all the time, and it would not need to be switched out of the circuit. If a series resistor is added it would add some power dissipation but this could be kept low. The RC network shown inFIG. 9 addresses the issue with CCFL and LED based lamps. - As shown in
FIG. 9 , a parasitic load control device is illustrated on the left hand side, and aload 14 is shown on the right hand side, such as an incandescent lamp, CFL Lamp, LED Lamp, or some combination. The illustrated RC network is a series parallel combination that is in parallel with the load. -
FIG. 10 illustrates a positive temperaturecoefficient device circuit 90. When current is applied that is above the rated trip current level, the temperature rise within the positivetemperature coefficient device 92 causes the internal resistance to rise very quickly resulting in the device protecting itself as well as the protected circuitry. The added circuitry is in parallel with theload 14. The added circuitry where the PTCC is used is a series string. -
FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a further embodiment of an anti-flicker controller or high efficiencylight compatibility device 200 configured in accordance with the present invention. Power is applied on leads “in+” and “in−” that connect B1. The diode Bridge B1 converts 120 volts RMS to full wave 180 VDC. The resistors R1, R2, R4, DIODE D1, capacitor C1 and the zener diode D2 create a 3.3 volt power supply to power the microprocessor U1. Resistors R6, R5, R7 and Capacitor C2 function as a voltage sensor that is read by the microprocessor U1 on pin 3. When Q1 is activated, components RP17, R8, R9 and C3 act as a current monitor. When the load is not activated, the controller clamps the current sensing input to ground to prevent over voltage damage to the controller. Resistors RP0 thru RP17 act as a load when switched on by Q1, which is controlled by U1 threw pin 2. Resistor R3 is used to keep the load disabled until the microprocessor U1 is out of reset and stabilized. One suitable microprocessor that may be utilized is the illustrated Texas Instrument microprocessor, part number msp430G2230. Connector SV1 and associated connection are used to program the microprocessor U1 and are not relevant once U1 is programmed. - The microprocessor U1 monitors the current to determine the load when Q1 is active. The microprocessor U1 is programmed to control the switchable load to provide power for the external device when it is in the “off” state. When the external device has turned on, the
controller 200 detects the increase in current and switches off the load. When thecontroller 200 has switched off the load and the motion detector is on, thecontroller 200 monitors the voltage detector to determine if the external device has turned off the power. When this happens thecontroller 200 re-asserts the load to provide power to the external device. - It should also be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated package designs. For example, the present invention also can be located within light socket fixture box, typically located within the ceiling of a home. Further, the present invention can be incorporated into various types of electronics switches, in addition to electronic switches such as motion detectors and electronic timers.
Claims (1)
1. An apparatus for stabilizing an energy-efficient light connected to an electronic activated device, comprising:
a housing including a light socket for receiving an energy efficient light having a hot electrical lead and a ground electrical lead, and the housing including a threaded base for screwing into an electrical socket of an electronic activated device, wherein the hot electrical lead and the ground electrical lead are electrically connected to the threaded base; and
a positive temperature coefficient device connected between the hot electrical lead and the ground electrical lead, wherein the positive temperature coefficient device allows current to pass though the positive temperature coefficient device between the hot electrical lead and the ground electrical lead when voltage between the hot electrical lead and ground electrical lead drops below a predetermined low voltage level.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/646,000 US20170318645A1 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2017-07-10 | High efficiency light compatibility device |
US16/383,630 US10470277B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2019-04-14 | High efficiency light compatibility device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201161562425P | 2011-11-21 | 2011-11-21 | |
US13/683,665 US9301368B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | Anti-flicker apparatus for motion detector |
US15/080,558 US9706625B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2016-03-24 | Anti-flicker apparatus for motion detector |
US15/646,000 US20170318645A1 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2017-07-10 | High efficiency light compatibility device |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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US15/080,558 Continuation-In-Part US9706625B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2016-03-24 | Anti-flicker apparatus for motion detector |
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US16/383,630 Continuation US10470277B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2019-04-14 | High efficiency light compatibility device |
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US20170318645A1 true US20170318645A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
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US15/646,000 Abandoned US20170318645A1 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2017-07-10 | High efficiency light compatibility device |
US16/383,630 Active US10470277B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2019-04-14 | High efficiency light compatibility device |
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US16/383,630 Active US10470277B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2019-04-14 | High efficiency light compatibility device |
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Cited By (3)
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CN110366291A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-10-22 | 欧普照明股份有限公司 | With more specification light source load Auto-matchings for electric drive, lamps and lanterns and driving method |
CN110461056A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-11-15 | 欧普照明股份有限公司 | The more specification light source loads of Auto-matching for electric drive, lamps and lanterns and driving method |
US20200406411A1 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2020-12-31 | Franz Kessler Gmbh | Spindle arrangement for a machine tool comprising an optical element and optical element more particularly for a spindle arrangement of this type |
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US20110285310A1 (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-11-24 | Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Lighting control failsafe circuit |
US20130106303A1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-02 | Jui-Chih Yen | Dimming control method and apparatus |
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US20060022611A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-02 | Rodriguez Edward T | Incandescent light power controller with predetermined off-state impedance |
US20110285310A1 (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-11-24 | Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Lighting control failsafe circuit |
US20130106303A1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-02 | Jui-Chih Yen | Dimming control method and apparatus |
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US20200406411A1 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2020-12-31 | Franz Kessler Gmbh | Spindle arrangement for a machine tool comprising an optical element and optical element more particularly for a spindle arrangement of this type |
US11806822B2 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2023-11-07 | Franz Kessler Gmbh | Spindle arrangement for a machine tool comprising an optical element and optical element more particularly for a spindle arrangement of this type |
CN110366291A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-10-22 | 欧普照明股份有限公司 | With more specification light source load Auto-matchings for electric drive, lamps and lanterns and driving method |
CN110461056A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-11-15 | 欧普照明股份有限公司 | The more specification light source loads of Auto-matching for electric drive, lamps and lanterns and driving method |
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US20190239318A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 |
US10470277B2 (en) | 2019-11-05 |
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