US20170037543A1 - Colored organic fiber, cloth, and garments, and method for producing cloth - Google Patents
Colored organic fiber, cloth, and garments, and method for producing cloth Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170037543A1 US20170037543A1 US15/303,824 US201515303824A US2017037543A1 US 20170037543 A1 US20170037543 A1 US 20170037543A1 US 201515303824 A US201515303824 A US 201515303824A US 2017037543 A1 US2017037543 A1 US 2017037543A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- cloth
- alcohol
- organic fiber
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LEBQTCCCNMTXSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dimethylphenyl)methanol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(CO)=C1 LEBQTCCCNMTXSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OIGWAXDAPKFNCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 OIGWAXDAPKFNCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- IBLKWZIFZMJLFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1 IBLKWZIFZMJLFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007706 flame test Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- ICJVQAHPHKYCNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1CO ICJVQAHPHKYCNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WYLYBQSHRJMURN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1CO WYLYBQSHRJMURN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BWRBVBFLFQKBPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nitrophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O BWRBVBFLFQKBPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZSRDNPVYGSFUMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-chlorophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 ZSRDNPVYGSFUMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamyl alcohol Chemical compound OC\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KWHVBVJDKLSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-methylphenyl)ethanol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(CCO)=C1 KWHVBVJDKLSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DAVFJRVIVZOKKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylphenyl)ethanol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(CCO)C=C1 DAVFJRVIVZOKKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGCCNWSXJHGUNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodo-benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC(I)=C1 QGCCNWSXJHGUNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MSHFRERJPWKJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 MSHFRERJPWKJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006221 acetate fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- OOCCDEMITAIZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N allylic benzylic alcohol Natural products OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 OOCCDEMITAIZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- OORRQYZWSVJKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicyclo[4.4.1]undeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaene Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C2)C=CC=CC2=C1 OORRQYZWSVJKSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QILSFLSDHQAZET-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QILSFLSDHQAZET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006277 melamine fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- JIKUXBYRTXDNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-phenylformamide Chemical compound O=CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JIKUXBYRTXDNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006306 polyurethane fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006157 aromatic diamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- YCGKJPVUGMBDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]hepta-1(7),2,4-triene-6-carbonyl)benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)N2C=3C=C2C=CC=3)=C1 YCGKJPVUGMBDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJMIRMHNYQIHST-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate;tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O NJMIRMHNYQIHST-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WQGNHOQJJZTLIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(tributyl)azanium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O WQGNHOQJJZTLIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDYSEBSNAKCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diamino-n-phenylbenzamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1N YDYSEBSNAKCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOJFAKBEASOYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminophenoxy)aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1N GOJFAKBEASOYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYEWQUYMRFSJHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N MYEWQUYMRFSJHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNTGGPJSADTYSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-carbonochloridoylphenoxy)benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1C(Cl)=O LNTGGPJSADTYSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJWNFAKWHDOUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 CJWNFAKWHDOUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEIVVAUUAPGMES-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate;tetraphenylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FEIVVAUUAPGMES-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UIWFKZBONQGUDI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate;tributyl(tetradecyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC UIWFKZBONQGUDI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZHTQTFPMOHHUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-hexylbenzenesulfonate;tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC ZHTQTFPMOHHUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WEEOFHJAGVFCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-chlorobenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1NCl WEEOFHJAGVFCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPKCLSMBVQLWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-methylbenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC=C1N RPKCLSMBVQLWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDBOAKPEXMMQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carbonochloridoylphenyl)benzoyl chloride Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1 QDBOAKPEXMMQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHSXSRQUGCHBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(aminomethoxy)aniline Chemical compound NCOC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 LHSXSRQUGCHBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWRVPXDHSLTIOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyldiazenylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 IWRVPXDHSLTIOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPFMWXQXAHHFAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chlorobenzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 HPFMWXQXAHHFAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000033962 Fontaine progeroid syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000561 Twaron Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZXKVYIKEMZVNBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(tributyl)phosphanium;2-hexylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZXKVYIKEMZVNBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L dithionite(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MPXAYYWSDIKNTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-aminophenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1N MPXAYYWSDIKNTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIUHYPPHBQZSPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,4-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)Cl)=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C2=C1 VIUHYPPHBQZSPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZZGQZMNFCTNAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound C1=C(C(Cl)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)Cl)=CC=C21 NZZGQZMNFCTNAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthaloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1 LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/60—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing polyethers
- D06P1/613—Polyethers without nitrogen
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/06—Dyes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/07—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making fire- or flame-proof filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
- D01F1/106—Radiation shielding agents, e.g. absorbing, reflecting agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/60—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides
- D01F6/605—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides from aromatic polyamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/74—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polycondensates of cyclic compounds, e.g. polyimides, polybenzimidazoles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/76—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from other polycondensation products
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
- D01F6/80—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyamides
- D01F6/805—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyamides from aromatic copolyamides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a colored organic fiber that has a deep color and excellent flame retardancy, a cloth and garments each composed of the foregoing organic fiber, and a method for producing a cloth.
- PTLs 1 to 3 propose use of a core-sheath structure yarn.
- the use of a core-sheath structure yarn involved such a problem that a lot of time and costs are spent; and a problem that since it is necessary to use a usual synthetic fiber that is poor in flame retardancy for a sheath yarn, the resulting cloth is insufficient in terms of flame retardancy.
- PTL 4 proposes that a cloth is dyed with a carrier agent and then washed. However, it could not be said that the resulting cloth is sufficient in terms of flame retardancy.
- the present invention has been made, and an object thereof is to provide a colored organic fiber that has a deep color and excellent flame retardancy, a cloth and garments each composed of the foregoing organic fiber, and a method for producing a cloth.
- the present inventors made extensive and intensive investigations. As a result, they have found that in an organic fiber dyed with a carrier agent, by reducing the amount of the carrier agent remaining in the organic fiber, an organic fiber that has a deep color and excellent flame retardancy is obtained and further made extensive and intensive investigations, leading to accomplishment of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a “colored organic fiber having a content of a carrier agent of 1.8% by mass or less relative to the fiber mass”.
- the content of the carrier agent is 0.1 to 1.8% by mass relative to the fiber mass.
- the carrier agent is any one or more selected from the group consisting of DL- ⁇ -ethylphenethyl alcohol, 2-ethoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-chlorobenzyl alcohol, 2,5-dimethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol, 2-methylphenethyl alcohol, 3-methylphenethyl alcohol, 4-methylphenethyl alcohol, 2-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-iodobenzyl alcohol, cinnamic alcohol, p-anisyl alcohol, benzhydrol, benzyl alcohol, propylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, and N-methylformanilide.
- the organic fiber is any one selected from the group consisting of a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a polybenzoxazole (PBO) fiber, a polybenzimidazole (PBI) fiber, a polybenzthiazole (PBTZ) fiber, a polyimide (PI) fiber, a polysulfonamide (PSA) fiber, a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fiber, a polyether imide (PEI) fiber, a polyarylate (PAr) fiber, a melamine fiber, a phenol fiber, a fluorine-based fiber, and a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber.
- PBO polybenzoxazole
- PBI polybenzimidazole
- PBTZ polybenzthiazole
- PI polyimide
- PSA polysulfonamide
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- PEI polyether imide
- PAr polyarylate
- the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber having a crystallinity of 15 to 25%. It is preferred that the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber having a content of residual solvent of 1.0% by mass or less. It is preferred that the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber having a content of residual solvent of 0.1% by mass or less. On that occasion, it is preferred that the residual solvent is any one selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber; and that a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide forming the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is an aromatic polyamide in which in an aromatic polyamide skeleton containing a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (1), an aromatic diamine component or aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide component that is different from a main structural unit of the repeating structure is copolymerized as a third component such that a proportion of the third component is 1 to 10 mol % relative to the whole amount of the repeating structural units of the aromatic polyamide.
- a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide forming the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is an aromatic polyamide in which in an aromatic polyamide skeleton containing a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (1), an aromatic diamine component or aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide component that is different from a main structural unit of the repeating structure is copolymerized as a third component such that a proportion of the third component is 1 to
- Ar 1 is a divalent aromatic group having a linking group in a position other than the meta position or an axially parallel direction.
- the third component is an aromatic diamine represented by the following formula (2) or (3), or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide represented by the following formula (4) or (5).
- Ar2 is a divalent aromatic group different from Ar1;
- Ar3 is a divalent aromatic group different from Ar1;
- Y is at least one atom or functional group selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and an alkylene group; and
- X is a halogen atom.
- the present invention provides a cloth containing the above-described colored organic fiber.
- the cloth contains any one or more selected from the group consisting of a polyester fiber, a cellulose fiber, a polyamide fiber, a polyolefin fiber, an acrylic fiber, a rayon fiber, a cotton fiber, an animal hair fiber, a polyurethane fiber, a polyvinyl chloride fiber, a polyvinylidene chloride fiber, an acetate fiber, and a polycarbonate fiber.
- any one of fibers constituting the cloth contains a flame retarder.
- any one of fibers constituting the cloth contains a UV absorber or a UV reflector.
- an areal weight of the cloth is 300 g/m 2 or less. It is preferred that an LOI is 26 or more. It is preferred that an afterflame time in the vertical flame test (JIS L1091A-4: three second flame contact) is 1 second or less. It is preferred that a brightness index L value is 80 or less.
- the present invention provides garments composed of the above-described cloth.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a cloth containing the above-described colored organic fiber, including dyeing a cloth containing an organic fiber with a carrier agent and then washing the cloth with hot water at a temperature of 90 to 140° C. for 10 to 30 minutes, thereby controlling a content of the carrier agent contained in the organic fiber to 1.8% by mass or less relative to the fiber mass.
- a colored organic fiber that has a deep color and excellent flame retardancy, a cloth and garments each composed of the foregoing organic fiber, and a method for producing a cloth are obtained.
- a colored organic fiber is subject to the present invention.
- a content of a carrier agent is 1.8% by mass or less relative to the fiber mass.
- the carrier agent is a dyeing auxiliary and is also named a “swelling agent”.
- the kind of such a carrier agent is not particularly limited. Specifically, examples thereof include L- ⁇ -ethylphenethyl alcohol, 2-ethoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-chlorobenzyl alcohol, 2,5-dimethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol, 2-methylphenethyl alcohol, 3-methylphenethyl alcohol, 4-methylphenethyl alcohol, 2-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-iodobenzyl alcohol, cinnamic alcohol, p-anisyl alcohol, benzhydrol, benzyl alcohol, propylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, N-methylformanilide, and the like.
- the kind of the organic fiber is not particularly limited.
- the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is a fiber composed of a polymer in which 85 mol % or more of repeating units thereof is m-phenyleneisophthalamide.
- Such a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide may be a copolymer containing a third component within a range of less than 15 mol %.
- Such a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber can be produced by a conventionally known interfacial polymerization method.
- a polymerization degree thereof it is preferred to use one having an intrinsic viscosity (I.V.) within a range of 1.3 to 1.9 dL/g, as measured with an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution having a concentration of 0.5 g/100 mL.
- I.V. intrinsic viscosity
- the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide may contain an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid onium salt.
- the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid onium salt include compounds, such as a hexylbenzenesulfonic acid tetrabutylphosphonium salt, a hexylbenzenesulfonic acid tributylbenzylphosphonium salt, a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tetraphenylphosphonium salt, a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tributyltetradecylphosphonium salt, a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tetrabutylphosphonium salt, a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tributylbenzylammonium salt, etc.
- a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tetrabutylphosphonium salt and a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tributylbenzylammonium salt are especially preferably exemplified because they are easily available, have good thermal stability, and also have a high solubility in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- a content proportion of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid onium salt is within a range of preferably 2.5 mol % or more, and more preferably 3.0 to 7.0 mol % relative to poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide.
- the polymer that is used for the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber may also be obtained by copolymerizing, in an aromatic polyamide skeleton containing a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (2), an aromatic diamine component or aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide component that is different from a main structural unit of the repeating structure as a third component such that a proportion of the third component is 1 to 10 mol % relative to the whole amount of the repeating structural units of the aromatic polyamide.
- Ar 1 is a divalent aromatic group having a linking group in a position other than the meta position or an axially parallel direction.
- aromatic diamines represented by the formulae (2) and (3) copolymerizable as the third component include p-phenylenediamine, chlorophenylenediamine, methylphenylenediamine, acetylphenylenediamine, aminoanisidine, benzidine, bis(aminophenyl)ether, bis(aminophenyl)sulfone, diaminobenzanilide, diaminoazobenzene, and the like.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid dichlorides represented by the formulae (4) and (5) include terephthaloyl chloride, 1,4-naphthalenedicarbonyl chloride, 2,6-naphthalenedicarbonyl chloride, 4,4′-biphenyldicarbonyl chloride, 5-chloroisophthaloyl chloride, 5-methoxydsophthaloyl chloride, bis(chlorocarbonylphenyl)ether, and the like.
- Ar2 is a divalent aromatic group different from Ar1;
- Ar3 is a divalent aromatic group different from Ar1;
- Y is at least one atom or functional group selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and an alkylene group; and
- X is a halogen atom.
- a crystallinity of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is 5 to 35%.
- the crystallinity of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is more preferably 15 to 25%.
- a content of residual solvent of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is preferably 1.0% by mass or less (more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.01 to 0.09% by mass).
- the meta-type aromatic polyamide fiber can be produced by the following method.
- the crystallinity and the content of residual solvent can be made within the above-described ranges.
- the polymerization method of the meta-type aromatic polyamide polymer is not particularly limited.
- the solution polymerization method or interfacial polymerization method described in JP-B-35-14399, U.S. Pat. No. 3,360,595, JP-B-47-10863, and the like may be adopted.
- a spinning solution is not particularly limited.
- An amide-based solvent solution containing an aromatic copolyamide polymer obtained by the above-described solution polymerization or interfacial polymerization, or the like may be used, or a spinning solution obtained by isolating the foregoing polymer from the above-described polymerization solution and dissolving it in an amide-based solvent may be used.
- examples of the amide-based solvent may include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like, with N,N-dimethylacetamide being especially preferred.
- the resulting copolymerized aromatic polyamide polymer solution further contains an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt
- the solution becomes more stable and can be used in a higher concentration and at a lower temperature, and hence, such is preferred.
- a proportion of the alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt is preferably 1% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.1% by mass or less relative to the whole weight of the polymer solution.
- the resulting spinning solution (meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide polymer solution) is spun into a coagulation liquid and coagulated.
- a spinning apparatus is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known wet-spinning apparatus can be used.
- the number of spinning holes of a spinneret and an arrangement state thereof, a hole shape, and the like are not particularly limited.
- a multi-hole spinneret for staple fibers having a number of holes of 1,000 to 30,000 and a spinning hole diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 mm, and the like may be used.
- a temperature of the spinning solution (meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide polymer solution.) upon spinning from the spinneret is within. a range of 20 to 90° C.
- an aqueous solution containing substantially no inorganic salt and having a concentration of an amide-based solvent (preferably NMP) of 45 to 60% by mass at a temperature of the bath liquid within a range of 10 to 50° C.
- concentration of the amide-based solvent preferably NMP
- the concentration of the amide-based solvent is less than 45% by mass, the structure of a skin becomes thick. As a result, there is a concern that the washing efficiency in a washing step decreases, so that it becomes difficult to reduce the content of residual solvent of the fiber.
- a time of immersion of the fiber in the coagulation bath is within a range of 0.1 to 30 seconds.
- the fiber in a draw ratio of 3 to 4 in a plastic drawing bath that is an aqueous solution of an amide-based solvent, preferably NMP in a concentration of 45 to 60% by mass at a bath liquid temperature within a range of 10 to 50° C.
- a plastic drawing bath that is an aqueous solution of an amide-based solvent, preferably NMP in a concentration of 45 to 60% by mass at a bath liquid temperature within a range of 10 to 50° C.
- NMP aqueous solution of NMP at 10 to 30° C. in a concentration of 20 to 40% by mass
- the fiber after washing is subjected to a dry heat treatment at a temperature of 270 to 290° C., whereby a meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber that satisfies the above-described ranges of the crystallinity and content of residual solvent can be obtained.
- the fiber may be either a long fiber (multifilament) or a short fiber.
- a short fiber having a fiber length of 25 to 200 mm is preferred in blend-spinning with other fibers.
- a single fiber fineness of the organic fiber is preferably within a range of 1 to 5 dtex.
- a dyeing method using a carrier agent is preferred as the coloring method.
- a method of achieving dyeing with a cationic dye is preferred in obtaining excellent hyperchromicity.
- Conditions of the dyeing step are not particularly limited.
- a content of the carrier agent is 1.8% by mass or less (preferably 0.1 to 1.8% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.3 to 0.9% by mass) relative to the fiber mass.
- a content of the carrier agent is 1.8% by mass or less (preferably 0.1 to 1.8% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.3 to 0.9% by mass) relative to the fiber mass.
- the content is more than 1.8% by mass, there is a concern that the flame retardancy is impaired.
- the content is less than 0.1% by weight, there is a concern that the excellent hyperchromicity is not obtained, or a hot water washing step as described later becomes complicated.
- a method of lowering the content of the carrier agent for example, there is exemplified a method in which the dyed cloth is subjected to reduction washing, if desired and then subjected to hot water washing with hot water at a temperature of 90 to 140° C. (more preferably 110 to 140° C.) for 10 to 30 minutes.
- the cloth of the present invention is a cloth containing the above described colored organic fiber.
- a cloth is composed of only the above-described colored organic fiber, it may further contain other fibers, such as a polyester fiber, a cellulose fiber, a polyamide fiber, a polyolefin fiber, an acrylic fiber, a rayon fiber, a cotton fiber, an animal hair fiber, a polyurethane fiber, a polyvinyl chloride fiber, a polyvinylidene chloride fiber, an acetate fiber, a polycarbonate fiber, etc.
- other fibers such as a polyester fiber, a cellulose fiber, a polyamide fiber, a polyolefin fiber, an acrylic fiber, a rayon fiber, a cotton fiber, an animal hair fiber, a polyurethane fiber, a polyvinyl chloride fiber, a polyvinylidene chloride fiber, an acetate fiber, a polycarbonate fiber, etc.
- a proportion of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber contained in the cloth is 50% by mass or more relative to the cloth mass, the excellent flame retardancy is obtained, and hence, such is preferred.
- the above-described flame-retardant fiber, synthetic fiber, regenerated fiber, or natural fiber can be arbitrarily mixed according to an application or needs of use.
- a mixed fiber in a mixing ratio of 50 to 98% by mass of a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide resin, 2 to 50% by mass of a polyester fiber, and 0 to 50% by mass of a cellulose-based fiber can be made to have both dye affinity and comfortableness. The proportions may be adjusted according to the performance to be emphasized.
- any one of fibers constituting the cloth contains a flame retarder, or a UV absorber or a UV reflector.
- its solubility in water is preferably 0.04 mg/L or less.
- solubility in water is more than 0.04 mg/L, in dyeing with the carrier agent, there is also a concern that the UV absorber elutes, so that light fastness after dyeing decreases.
- a method for producing the above-described cloth is not particularly limited. For example, there may be adopted a method in which a spun yarn is obtained using the above-described organic fiber (or the above-described organic fiber and other fibers), woven or knitted as a single yarn or a 2-ply yarn, and then dyed with a carrier agent, followed by hot water washing by the above-described method.
- woven fabric structures such as a plain weave, a twill weave, a satin weave, a double weave, etc.
- a knit or a nonwoven fabric may also be adopted.
- the production method of a cloth is not particularly limited.
- a known knit-weaving loom such as a rapier loom, a gripper loom, etc., can be used.
- the resulting cloth uses the above-described organic fiber, and therefore, it is excellent in hyperchromicity and flame retardancy.
- the hyperchromicity is preferably 80 or less (more preferably 52.5 or less, and still more preferably 10 to 52.3) in terms of a brightness index L value.
- the flame retardancy is preferably 26 or more (more preferably 26 to 40) in terms of LOI.
- an afterflame time of the cloth is preferably 25 seconds or less (more preferably 1 second or less).
- its areal weight is preferably 300 g/m 2 or less (more preferably 50 to 250 g/m 2 ).
- the areal weight is more than 300 g/m 2 , there is a concern that lightweight properties of the cloth are impaired.
- the garments of the present invention are garments composed of the above-described cloth.
- Examples of such garments include protective clothes, firefighter clothes, fireproof clothes, rescue clothes, activities clothes, office clothes, racing suits for motor sports, work clothes, gloves, hats, bests, and the like.
- the above-described work clothes include work clothes for activities in a steel plant or steel factory, work clothes for welding, work clothes in an explosion-proof area, and the like.
- the above-described gloves include work gloves used in the aircraft industry, the information equipment industry, the precision machinery industry, and the like where precision components are treated.
- the above-described cloth may also be used for fiber products, such as a curtain, a car sheet, a bag, etc.
- a fiber mass (M1) was weighed. Subsequently, this fiber was subjected to reflux extraction in methanol for 1.5 hours using a Soxhlet extractor, thereby extracting an amide-based solvent contained in the fiber. After completion of the extraction, the fiber was taken out, vacuum-dried at 150° C. for 60 minutes, and then allowed to stand for cooling within a desiccator, and a fiber mass (M2) was weighed. Using the obtained M1 and M2, a content of the solvent remaining in the fiber (amide-based solvent mass) was calculated according to the following equation.
- raw fibers were bundled into a fiber bundle of about 1 mm in diameter and mounted on a fiber sample table to measure a diffraction profile.
- the measurement conditions were as follows: Cu—K ⁇ radiation source (50 kV, 300 mA), scanning angle range: 10 to 35°, continuous measurement, measurement width: 0.1°, scanning at 1°/min. From the measured diffraction profile, air scattering and incoherent scattering were corrected by linear approximation to obtain a total scattering profile. Subsequently, an amorphous scattering profile was subtracted from the total scattering profile to obtain a crystal scattering profile. A crystallinity was determined from an integrated intensity of the crystal scattering profile (crystal scattering intensity) and an integrated intensity of the total scattering profile (total scattering intensity) according to the following equation.
- Crystallinity (%) [(Crystal scattering intensity)/(Total scattering intensity)] ⁇ 100
- a GC/MS sample made of a fiber sample was charged in a sample tube and measured by ATD. After confirming a carrier agent by a qualitative analysis, a quantitative analysis was performed under the following conditions.
- the color measurement was performed using a MacBeth spectrophotometer, Color-Eye 3100.
- a meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber was prepared by the following method.
- a UV absorber made of a 2-[2H-benzotriazol-2-yl]-4-6-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol powder (solubility in water: 0.01 mg/L) in an amount of 3.0% by mass relative to the polymer was mixed with and dissolved in the polymer solution, and the mixture was defoamed under reduced pressure to prepare a spinning solution (spinning dope).
- the spinning dope was discharged and spun from a spinneret having a hole diameter of 0.07 mm and a number of holes of 500 into a coagulation bath at a bath temperature of 30° C.
- the spinning dope was discharged and spun into the coagulation bath at a yarn speed of 7 m/min.
- the fiber after washing was subjected to a dry heat treatment using a hot roller having a surface temperature of 280° C., thereby obtaining a meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber.
- the meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber was crimped and cut into staple fibers having a length of 51 ram (raw stock).
- the resulting meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber had the following properties: single fiber fineness: 1.7 dtex, content of residual solvent: 0.08% by mass, and crystallinity: 19%.
- a para-type aramid fiber “TWARON (registered trademark)”, manufactured by Teijin Aramid and a conductive yarn (nylon): “NO SHOCK (registered trademark)”, manufactured by Solutia Inc. (nylon conductive yarn having conductive carbon fine particles kneaded thereinto) were prepared.
- respective staple fibers of a meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber (MA) (length: 51 mm), a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide (PA) (length: 50 mm), and a nylon conductive yarn (AS) (length: 51 mm) were blend-spun in a ratio of MA/PA/AS of 93/5/2 into a spun yarn (40 count, 2-ply yarn) and woven at a weaving density of warp: 65 yarns/25.4 mm and weft: 55 yarns/25.4 mm, thereby giving a plain-woven fabric having an areal weight of 170 g/m 2 .
- the cloth was treated with a dyeing prescription and a hot water washing prescription.
- 40 g/L means “40 g is contained based on one liter of water”.
- the cloth was subjected to hot water washing with hot water at a temperature of 130° C. for 20 minutes. Subsequently, the cloth was subjected to dry heat setting at a temperature of 180° C. for 2 minutes.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the one-time hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C. ⁇ 20 min was changed to a two-time treatment of 130° C. ⁇ 20 min.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the one-time hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C. ⁇ 20 min was changed to a two-time treatment of 120° C. ⁇ 20 min.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that 40 g/L of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 60 g/L of benzyl alcohol.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that 40 g/L of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 60 g/L of benzyl alcohol, and that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C. ⁇ 20 min was changed to a two-time treatment of 120° C. ⁇ 20 min.
- Table 1 The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that 40 g/L of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 60 g/L of benzyl alcohol, and that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C. ⁇ 20 min was changed to a two-time treatment of 120° C. ⁇ 20 min.
- Table 1 The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that 40 g/L of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 60 g/L of benzyl alcohol, and that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C. ⁇ 20 min was changed to a two-time treatment of 120° C. ⁇ 20 min.
- Table 1 The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C. ⁇ 20 min was changed to a one-time treatment of 90° C. ⁇ 20 min.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C. ⁇ 20 min was changed to a five-time treatment of 90° C. ⁇ 20 min.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C. ⁇ 20 min. was changed to a ten-time treatment of 90° C. ⁇ 20 min. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the amount of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 30 g/L.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the amount of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 20 g/L.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the amount of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 10 g/L.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- a colored organic fiber that has a deep color and excellent flame retardancy, a cloth and garments each composed of the foregoing organic fiber, and a method for producing a cloth are provided, and its industrial value is extremely large.
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Abstract
A problem of the invention is to provide a colored organic fiber that has a deep color and excellent flame retardancy, a cloth and garments each composed of the foregoing organic fiber, and a method for producing a cloth. To solve this problem, a colored organic fiber having a content of a carrier agent of 1.8% by mass or less relative to the fiber mass is provided. A cloth or garments are obtained, if desired.
Description
- The present invention relates to a colored organic fiber that has a deep color and excellent flame retardancy, a cloth and garments each composed of the foregoing organic fiber, and a method for producing a cloth.
- As a method of coloring a flame-retardant cloth containing an organic fiber, such as a meta-type aromatic polyamide fiber, etc., there have hitherto been known a method of containing a pigment in an organic fiber and a method of dyeing a cloth with a carrier agent.
- However, according to the method of containing a pigment in an organic fiber, it was difficult to obtain a cloth having excellent hyperchromicity. Meanwhile, according to the method of dyeing a cloth with a carrier agent, it could not be said that the resulting cloth is sufficient in terms of flame retardancy.
- In order to solve those problems, for example, PTLs 1 to 3 propose use of a core-sheath structure yarn. However, the use of a core-sheath structure yarn involved such a problem that a lot of time and costs are spent; and a problem that since it is necessary to use a usual synthetic fiber that is poor in flame retardancy for a sheath yarn, the resulting cloth is insufficient in terms of flame retardancy. In addition, for example, PTL 4 proposes that a cloth is dyed with a carrier agent and then washed. However, it could not be said that the resulting cloth is sufficient in terms of flame retardancy.
- PTL 1: JP-A-2009-249758
- PTL 2: JP-A-2009-209488
- PTL 3: JP-A-2003-147651
- PTL 4: JP-A-2012-207348
- In view of the foregoing background, the present invention has been made, and an object thereof is to provide a colored organic fiber that has a deep color and excellent flame retardancy, a cloth and garments each composed of the foregoing organic fiber, and a method for producing a cloth.
- In order to solve the foregoing problems, the present inventors made extensive and intensive investigations. As a result, they have found that in an organic fiber dyed with a carrier agent, by reducing the amount of the carrier agent remaining in the organic fiber, an organic fiber that has a deep color and excellent flame retardancy is obtained and further made extensive and intensive investigations, leading to accomplishment of the present invention.
- Thus, the present invention provides a “colored organic fiber having a content of a carrier agent of 1.8% by mass or less relative to the fiber mass”.
- On that occasion, it is preferred that the content of the carrier agent is 0.1 to 1.8% by mass relative to the fiber mass. It is preferred that the carrier agent is any one or more selected from the group consisting of DL-β-ethylphenethyl alcohol, 2-ethoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-chlorobenzyl alcohol, 2,5-dimethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol, 2-methylphenethyl alcohol, 3-methylphenethyl alcohol, 4-methylphenethyl alcohol, 2-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-iodobenzyl alcohol, cinnamic alcohol, p-anisyl alcohol, benzhydrol, benzyl alcohol, propylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, and N-methylformanilide. It is preferred that the organic fiber is any one selected from the group consisting of a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a polybenzoxazole (PBO) fiber, a polybenzimidazole (PBI) fiber, a polybenzthiazole (PBTZ) fiber, a polyimide (PI) fiber, a polysulfonamide (PSA) fiber, a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fiber, a polyether imide (PEI) fiber, a polyarylate (PAr) fiber, a melamine fiber, a phenol fiber, a fluorine-based fiber, and a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber.
- It is preferred that the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber having a crystallinity of 15 to 25%. It is preferred that the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber having a content of residual solvent of 1.0% by mass or less. It is preferred that the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber having a content of residual solvent of 0.1% by mass or less. On that occasion, it is preferred that the residual solvent is any one selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.
- It is preferred that the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber; and that a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide forming the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is an aromatic polyamide in which in an aromatic polyamide skeleton containing a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (1), an aromatic diamine component or aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide component that is different from a main structural unit of the repeating structure is copolymerized as a third component such that a proportion of the third component is 1 to 10 mol % relative to the whole amount of the repeating structural units of the aromatic polyamide.
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—(NH—Ar1—NH—CO—Ar1—CO)— (1) - Here, Ar 1 is a divalent aromatic group having a linking group in a position other than the meta position or an axially parallel direction.
- On that occasion, it is preferred that the third component is an aromatic diamine represented by the following formula (2) or (3), or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide represented by the following formula (4) or (5).
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H2N—Ar2—NH2 (2) -
H2N—Ar2—Y—Ar2—NH2 (3) -
XOC—Ar3—COX (4) -
XOC—Ar3—Y—Ar3—COX (5) - Here, Ar2 is a divalent aromatic group different from Ar1; Ar3 is a divalent aromatic group different from Ar1; Y is at least one atom or functional group selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and an alkylene group; and X is a halogen atom.
- In addition, the present invention provides a cloth containing the above-described colored organic fiber. On that occasion, it is preferred that the cloth contains any one or more selected from the group consisting of a polyester fiber, a cellulose fiber, a polyamide fiber, a polyolefin fiber, an acrylic fiber, a rayon fiber, a cotton fiber, an animal hair fiber, a polyurethane fiber, a polyvinyl chloride fiber, a polyvinylidene chloride fiber, an acetate fiber, and a polycarbonate fiber. It is preferred that any one of fibers constituting the cloth contains a flame retarder. It is preferred that any one of fibers constituting the cloth contains a UV absorber or a UV reflector. It is preferred that an areal weight of the cloth is 300 g/m2 or less. It is preferred that an LOI is 26 or more. It is preferred that an afterflame time in the vertical flame test (JIS L1091A-4: three second flame contact) is 1 second or less. It is preferred that a brightness index L value is 80 or less.
- In addition, the present invention provides garments composed of the above-described cloth.
- In addition, the present invention provides a method for producing a cloth containing the above-described colored organic fiber, including dyeing a cloth containing an organic fiber with a carrier agent and then washing the cloth with hot water at a temperature of 90 to 140° C. for 10 to 30 minutes, thereby controlling a content of the carrier agent contained in the organic fiber to 1.8% by mass or less relative to the fiber mass.
- In accordance with the present invention, a colored organic fiber that has a deep color and excellent flame retardancy, a cloth and garments each composed of the foregoing organic fiber, and a method for producing a cloth are obtained.
- Embodiments of the present invention are hereunder described in detail. First of all, a colored organic fiber is subject to the present invention. In such an organic fiber, a content of a carrier agent is 1.8% by mass or less relative to the fiber mass.
- Here, the carrier agent is a dyeing auxiliary and is also named a “swelling agent”. The kind of such a carrier agent is not particularly limited. Specifically, examples thereof include L-β-ethylphenethyl alcohol, 2-ethoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-chlorobenzyl alcohol, 2,5-dimethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol, 2-methylphenethyl alcohol, 3-methylphenethyl alcohol, 4-methylphenethyl alcohol, 2-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-iodobenzyl alcohol, cinnamic alcohol, p-anisyl alcohol, benzhydrol, benzyl alcohol, propylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, N-methylformanilide, and the like.
- In the colored organic fiber of the present invention, the kind of the organic fiber is not particularly limited. However, in obtaining excellent flame retardancy, a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a polybenzoxazole (PBC) fiber, a polybenzimidazole (PBI) fiber, a polybenzthiazole (PBTZ) fiber, a polyimide (PI) fiber, a polysulfonamide (PSA) fiber, a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fiber, a polyether imide (PEI) fiber, a polyarylate (PAr) fiber, a melamine fiber, a phenol fiber, a fluorine-based fiber, a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber, and the like are preferred.
- Of those, a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is preferred. The meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is a fiber composed of a polymer in which 85 mol % or more of repeating units thereof is m-phenyleneisophthalamide. Such a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide may be a copolymer containing a third component within a range of less than 15 mol %.
- Such a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber can be produced by a conventionally known interfacial polymerization method. As for a polymerization degree thereof, it is preferred to use one having an intrinsic viscosity (I.V.) within a range of 1.3 to 1.9 dL/g, as measured with an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution having a concentration of 0.5 g/100 mL.
- The meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide may contain an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid onium salt. Preferred examples of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid onium salt include compounds, such as a hexylbenzenesulfonic acid tetrabutylphosphonium salt, a hexylbenzenesulfonic acid tributylbenzylphosphonium salt, a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tetraphenylphosphonium salt, a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tributyltetradecylphosphonium salt, a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tetrabutylphosphonium salt, a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tributylbenzylammonium salt, etc. Of those, a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tetrabutylphosphonium salt and a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid tributylbenzylammonium salt are especially preferably exemplified because they are easily available, have good thermal stability, and also have a high solubility in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- In order to obtain a sufficient dye-affinity-improving effect, a content proportion of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid onium salt is within a range of preferably 2.5 mol % or more, and more preferably 3.0 to 7.0 mol % relative to poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide.
- As a method of mixing poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide and an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid onium salt, a method in which poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide is mixed and dissolved in a solvent, and an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid onium salt is then dissolved in the solvent, and other methods may be adopted. The thus obtained dope is formed to a fiber by a conventionally known method.
- For the purpose of improving dyeing affinity and discoloration/fading resistance, the polymer that is used for the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber may also be obtained by copolymerizing, in an aromatic polyamide skeleton containing a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (2), an aromatic diamine component or aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide component that is different from a main structural unit of the repeating structure as a third component such that a proportion of the third component is 1 to 10 mol % relative to the whole amount of the repeating structural units of the aromatic polyamide.
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—(NH—Ar1—NH—CO—Ar1—CO)— (1) - Here, Ar 1 is a divalent aromatic group having a linking group in a position other than the meta position or an axially parallel direction.
- Specific examples of aromatic diamines represented by the formulae (2) and (3) copolymerizable as the third component include p-phenylenediamine, chlorophenylenediamine, methylphenylenediamine, acetylphenylenediamine, aminoanisidine, benzidine, bis(aminophenyl)ether, bis(aminophenyl)sulfone, diaminobenzanilide, diaminoazobenzene, and the like. Specific examples of aromatic dicarboxylic acid dichlorides represented by the formulae (4) and (5) include terephthaloyl chloride, 1,4-naphthalenedicarbonyl chloride, 2,6-naphthalenedicarbonyl chloride, 4,4′-biphenyldicarbonyl chloride, 5-chloroisophthaloyl chloride, 5-methoxydsophthaloyl chloride, bis(chlorocarbonylphenyl)ether, and the like.
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H2N—Ar2—NH2 (2) -
H2N—Ar2—Y—Ar2—NH2 (3) -
XOC—Ar3—COX (4) -
XOC—Ar3—Y—Ar3—COX (5) - Here, Ar2 is a divalent aromatic group different from Ar1; Ar3 is a divalent aromatic group different from Ar1; Y is at least one atom or functional group selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and an alkylene group; and X is a halogen atom.
- In addition, from the standpoints that dye exhaustion properties are good, and even when dying is performed with a small amount of dye or under weak dyeing conditions, the color can be easily adjusted as intended, it is preferred that a crystallinity of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is 5 to 35%. Furthermore, from the standpoints that the dye is less likely to be unevenly distributed on the surface, the discoloration/fading resistance is high, and the practically necessary dimensional stability can be ensured, the crystallinity of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is more preferably 15 to 25%.
- In addition, from the standpoint that the excellent flame retardancy of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is not impaired; and from the standpoint that the dye is less likely to be unevenly distributed on the surface, and the discoloration/fading resistance is high, a content of residual solvent of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is preferably 1.0% by mass or less (more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.01 to 0.09% by mass).
- The meta-type aromatic polyamide fiber can be produced by the following method. In particular, by a method as described later, the crystallinity and the content of residual solvent can be made within the above-described ranges.
- The polymerization method of the meta-type aromatic polyamide polymer is not particularly limited. For example, the solution polymerization method or interfacial polymerization method described in JP-B-35-14399, U.S. Pat. No. 3,360,595, JP-B-47-10863, and the like may be adopted.
- A spinning solution is not particularly limited. An amide-based solvent solution containing an aromatic copolyamide polymer obtained by the above-described solution polymerization or interfacial polymerization, or the like may be used, or a spinning solution obtained by isolating the foregoing polymer from the above-described polymerization solution and dissolving it in an amide-based solvent may be used.
- Here, examples of the amide-based solvent may include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like, with N,N-dimethylacetamide being especially preferred.
- When the resulting copolymerized aromatic polyamide polymer solution further contains an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt, the solution becomes more stable and can be used in a higher concentration and at a lower temperature, and hence, such is preferred. A proportion of the alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt is preferably 1% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.1% by mass or less relative to the whole weight of the polymer solution.
- In a spinning/coagulation step, the resulting spinning solution (meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide polymer solution) is spun into a coagulation liquid and coagulated.
- A spinning apparatus is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known wet-spinning apparatus can be used. The number of spinning holes of a spinneret and an arrangement state thereof, a hole shape, and the like are not particularly limited. For example, a multi-hole spinneret for staple fibers, having a number of holes of 1,000 to 30,000 and a spinning hole diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 mm, and the like may be used.
- In addition, it is preferred that a temperature of the spinning solution (meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide polymer solution.) upon spinning from the spinneret is within. a range of 20 to 90° C.
- As a coagulation bath that is used in order to obtain a fiber, it is preferred to use an aqueous solution containing substantially no inorganic salt and having a concentration of an amide-based solvent (preferably NMP) of 45 to 60% by mass at a temperature of the bath liquid within a range of 10 to 50° C. When the concentration of the amide-based solvent (preferably NMP) is less than 45% by mass, the structure of a skin becomes thick. As a result, there is a concern that the washing efficiency in a washing step decreases, so that it becomes difficult to reduce the content of residual solvent of the fiber. On the other hand, in the case where the concentration of the amide-based solvent (preferably NMP) is more than 60% by mass, there is also a concern that uniform coagulation inside the fiber cannot be achieved, so that it becomes difficult to reduce the content of residual solvent of the fiber. It is preferred that a time of immersion of the fiber in the coagulation bath is within a range of 0.1 to 30 seconds.
- Subsequently, it is preferred to draw the fiber in a draw ratio of 3 to 4 in a plastic drawing bath that is an aqueous solution of an amide-based solvent, preferably NMP in a concentration of 45 to 60% by mass at a bath liquid temperature within a range of 10 to 50° C. After drawing, it is preferred to thoroughly wash the fiber with an aqueous solution of NMP at 10 to 30° C. in a concentration of 20 to 40% by mass, followed by passing through a warm water bath at 50 to 70° C.
- The fiber after washing is subjected to a dry heat treatment at a temperature of 270 to 290° C., whereby a meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber that satisfies the above-described ranges of the crystallinity and content of residual solvent can be obtained.
- In the colored organic fiber of the present invention, the fiber may be either a long fiber (multifilament) or a short fiber. In particular, a short fiber having a fiber length of 25 to 200 mm is preferred in blend-spinning with other fibers. A single fiber fineness of the organic fiber is preferably within a range of 1 to 5 dtex.
- In the colored organic fiber of the present invention, a dyeing method using a carrier agent is preferred as the coloring method. In particular, a method of achieving dyeing with a cationic dye is preferred in obtaining excellent hyperchromicity. Conditions of the dyeing step are not particularly limited.
- In such a colored organic fiber, it is important that a content of the carrier agent is 1.8% by mass or less (preferably 0.1 to 1.8% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by mass, and still more preferably 0.3 to 0.9% by mass) relative to the fiber mass. When the content is more than 1.8% by mass, there is a concern that the flame retardancy is impaired. Conversely, when the content is less than 0.1% by weight, there is a concern that the excellent hyperchromicity is not obtained, or a hot water washing step as described later becomes complicated.
- As a method of lowering the content of the carrier agent, for example, there is exemplified a method in which the dyed cloth is subjected to reduction washing, if desired and then subjected to hot water washing with hot water at a temperature of 90 to 140° C. (more preferably 110 to 140° C.) for 10 to 30 minutes.
- Next, the cloth of the present invention is a cloth containing the above described colored organic fiber. Though such a cloth is composed of only the above-described colored organic fiber, it may further contain other fibers, such as a polyester fiber, a cellulose fiber, a polyamide fiber, a polyolefin fiber, an acrylic fiber, a rayon fiber, a cotton fiber, an animal hair fiber, a polyurethane fiber, a polyvinyl chloride fiber, a polyvinylidene chloride fiber, an acetate fiber, a polycarbonate fiber, etc.
- On that occasion, when a proportion of the meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber contained in the cloth is 50% by mass or more relative to the cloth mass, the excellent flame retardancy is obtained, and hence, such is preferred. The above-described flame-retardant fiber, synthetic fiber, regenerated fiber, or natural fiber can be arbitrarily mixed according to an application or needs of use. As a more specific example, a mixed fiber in a mixing ratio of 50 to 98% by mass of a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide resin, 2 to 50% by mass of a polyester fiber, and 0 to 50% by mass of a cellulose-based fiber can be made to have both dye affinity and comfortableness. The proportions may be adjusted according to the performance to be emphasized.
- It is also preferred that any one of fibers constituting the cloth contains a flame retarder, or a UV absorber or a UV reflector. On that occasion, in the UV absorber, its solubility in water is preferably 0.04 mg/L or less. When the solubility in water is more than 0.04 mg/L, in dyeing with the carrier agent, there is also a concern that the UV absorber elutes, so that light fastness after dyeing decreases.
- A method for producing the above-described cloth is not particularly limited. For example, there may be adopted a method in which a spun yarn is obtained using the above-described organic fiber (or the above-described organic fiber and other fibers), woven or knitted as a single yarn or a 2-ply yarn, and then dyed with a carrier agent, followed by hot water washing by the above-described method.
- On that occasion, as for a structure of the cloth, woven fabric structures, such as a plain weave, a twill weave, a satin weave, a double weave, etc., are preferred, and a knit or a nonwoven fabric may also be adopted. The production method of a cloth is not particularly limited. For example, a known knit-weaving loom, such as a rapier loom, a gripper loom, etc., can be used.
- The resulting cloth uses the above-described organic fiber, and therefore, it is excellent in hyperchromicity and flame retardancy. On that occasion, the hyperchromicity is preferably 80 or less (more preferably 52.5 or less, and still more preferably 10 to 52.3) in terms of a brightness index L value. The flame retardancy is preferably 26 or more (more preferably 26 to 40) in terms of LOI. In the vertical flame test (JIS L1091A.-4: three second flame contact), an afterflame time of the cloth is preferably 25 seconds or less (more preferably 1 second or less).
- In the above-described cloth, its areal weight is preferably 300 g/m2 or less (more preferably 50 to 250 g/m2). When the areal weight is more than 300 g/m2, there is a concern that lightweight properties of the cloth are impaired.
- Next, the garments of the present invention are garments composed of the above-described cloth. Examples of such garments include protective clothes, firefighter clothes, fireproof clothes, rescue clothes, activities clothes, office clothes, racing suits for motor sports, work clothes, gloves, hats, bests, and the like. In addition, the above-described work clothes include work clothes for activities in a steel plant or steel factory, work clothes for welding, work clothes in an explosion-proof area, and the like. In addition, the above-described gloves include work gloves used in the aircraft industry, the information equipment industry, the precision machinery industry, and the like where precision components are treated.
- In addition, the above-described cloth may also be used for fiber products, such as a curtain, a car sheet, a bag, etc.
- The present invention is hereunder described in detail with reference to Examples, but it should be construed that the present invention is not limited by these Examples at all. In addition, various physical properties in the Examples are those measured by the following methods.
- (1) Flame Retardancy of Cloth (Vertical Flame Test)
- An afterflame time (sec) was evaluated on the basis of JIS L1091A-4 (three second flame contact)
- (2) Content of Residual Solvent
- About 8.0 g of a fiber was collected, dried at 105° C. for 120 minutes, and then allowed to stand for cooling within a desiccator, and a fiber mass (M1) was weighed. Subsequently, this fiber was subjected to reflux extraction in methanol for 1.5 hours using a Soxhlet extractor, thereby extracting an amide-based solvent contained in the fiber. After completion of the extraction, the fiber was taken out, vacuum-dried at 150° C. for 60 minutes, and then allowed to stand for cooling within a desiccator, and a fiber mass (M2) was weighed. Using the obtained M1 and M2, a content of the solvent remaining in the fiber (amide-based solvent mass) was calculated according to the following equation.
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Content of residual solvent (%)=[(M1−M2)/M1]×100 - (3) Crystallinity
- Using an X-ray diffraction apparatus (RINT TTRIII, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation), raw fibers were bundled into a fiber bundle of about 1 mm in diameter and mounted on a fiber sample table to measure a diffraction profile. The measurement conditions were as follows: Cu—Kα radiation source (50 kV, 300 mA), scanning angle range: 10 to 35°, continuous measurement, measurement width: 0.1°, scanning at 1°/min. From the measured diffraction profile, air scattering and incoherent scattering were corrected by linear approximation to obtain a total scattering profile. Subsequently, an amorphous scattering profile was subtracted from the total scattering profile to obtain a crystal scattering profile. A crystallinity was determined from an integrated intensity of the crystal scattering profile (crystal scattering intensity) and an integrated intensity of the total scattering profile (total scattering intensity) according to the following equation.
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Crystallinity (%)=[(Crystal scattering intensity)/(Total scattering intensity)]×100 - (4) Content of Residual Carrier Agent
- A GC/MS sample made of a fiber sample was charged in a sample tube and measured by ATD. After confirming a carrier agent by a qualitative analysis, a quantitative analysis was performed under the following conditions.
- Calibration curve:
- DOWANOL PPH 10.180mg/mL (n-hexane), 0.50, ·0.75, ·1.00 μL
- Column: DB-5ms 0.25 mm×28 m
- Carrier: He
- Inject: ATD 350° C.×20 min (sample heating), 300° C.×10 min (ejection)
- ColdTrap: 10° C.
- Interface·value·transfer: 250° C. Mass Range 94 108 152
- Detector: GCMS-QP2010
- Ion source: 200° C.
- Voltage: 1.35 kV (−0.48 kV)
- Oven: 110° C.×2 min, 110 to 190° C. (10° C./min)
- Gas flow rate: Primary=10/90, secondary=1/42.0%
- (5) Hyperchromicity (L value)
- The color measurement was performed using a MacBeth spectrophotometer, Color-Eye 3100.
- (6) Areal Weight
- An areal weight (g/m2) was measured in conformity with JIS L1096.
- A meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber was prepared by the following method.
- 20.0 parts by mass of a poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide powder having an intrinsic viscosity (I.V.) of 1.9 as produced by interfacial polymerization in accordance with the method described in JP-B-47-10863 was suspended in 80.0 parts by mass of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) cooled to −10° C., thereby forming a slurry. Subsequently, the suspension liquid was heated for dissolution to 60° C., thereby obtaining a transparent polymer solution. A UV absorber made of a 2-[2H-benzotriazol-2-yl]-4-6-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol powder (solubility in water: 0.01 mg/L) in an amount of 3.0% by mass relative to the polymer was mixed with and dissolved in the polymer solution, and the mixture was defoamed under reduced pressure to prepare a spinning solution (spinning dope).
- The spinning dope was discharged and spun from a spinneret having a hole diameter of 0.07 mm and a number of holes of 500 into a coagulation bath at a bath temperature of 30° C. A composition of the coagulation liquid was water/NMP=45/55 (parts by mass). The spinning dope was discharged and spun into the coagulation bath at a yarn speed of 7 m/min.
- Subsequently, drawing was performed to a draw ratio of 3.7 in a plastic drawing bath at a temperature of 40° C. having a composition of water/NMP=45/55.
- After drawing, washing was performed in a bath of water/NMP=70/30 at 20° C. (immersion length: 1.8 m) and then in a water bath at 20° C. (immersion length: 3.6 m), and further thoroughly washed through a hot water bath at 60° C. (immersion length: 5.4 m).
- The fiber after washing was subjected to a dry heat treatment using a hot roller having a surface temperature of 280° C., thereby obtaining a meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber.
- The meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber was crimped and cut into staple fibers having a length of 51 ram (raw stock).
- The resulting meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber had the following properties: single fiber fineness: 1.7 dtex, content of residual solvent: 0.08% by mass, and crystallinity: 19%.
- Meanwhile, as other fiber raw stocks, a para-type aramid fiber: “TWARON (registered trademark)”, manufactured by Teijin Aramid and a conductive yarn (nylon): “NO SHOCK (registered trademark)”, manufactured by Solutia Inc. (nylon conductive yarn having conductive carbon fine particles kneaded thereinto) were prepared.
- Subsequently, respective staple fibers of a meta-type wholly aromatic aramid fiber (MA) (length: 51 mm), a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide (PA) (length: 50 mm), and a nylon conductive yarn (AS) (length: 51 mm) were blend-spun in a ratio of MA/PA/AS of 93/5/2 into a spun yarn (40 count, 2-ply yarn) and woven at a weaving density of warp: 65 yarns/25.4 mm and weft: 55 yarns/25.4 mm, thereby giving a plain-woven fabric having an areal weight of 170 g/m2.
- Subsequently, the cloth was treated with a dyeing prescription and a hot water washing prescription.
- First of all, the cloth was dyed with the following dyeing prescription.
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- Cationic dye: Trade name: Kayacryl Red GL-ED, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., 6.0% owf
- Carrier agent: Propylene glycol phenyl ether (DOWANOL PPH, manufactured by The Dow Chemical Company), 40 g/L
- The term “40 g/L” means “40 g is contained based on one liter of water”.
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- Acetic acid: 0.3 cc/L
- Dispersant: 0.5 cc/L
- Sodium nitrate: 25 g/L
- Bath ratio: 1/20
- Temperature×time: 135° C.×60 min
- Subsequently, the resulting colored cloth was washed in the following reduction bath.
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- Bath ratio: 1/20
- Temperature×time: 90° C.×20 min
- Reduction bath: Hydrosulfite, 1 g/L, soda ash, 1 g/L
- Subsequently, the cloth was subjected to hot water washing with hot water at a temperature of 130° C. for 20 minutes. Subsequently, the cloth was subjected to dry heat setting at a temperature of 180° C. for 2 minutes.
- The evaluation results of the resulting cloth are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the one-time hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C.×20 min was changed to a two-time treatment of 130° C.×20 min. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the one-time hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C.×20 min was changed to a two-time treatment of 120° C.×20 min. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that 40 g/L of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 60 g/L of benzyl alcohol. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that 40 g/L of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 60 g/L of benzyl alcohol, and that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C.×20 min was changed to a two-time treatment of 120° C.×20 min. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that 40 g/L of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 60 g/L of benzyl alcohol, and that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C.×20 min was changed to a two-time treatment of 120° C.×20 min. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that 40 g/L of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 60 g/L of benzyl alcohol, and that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C.×20 min was changed to a two-time treatment of 120° C.×20 min. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C.×20 min was changed to a one-time treatment of 90° C.×20 min. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C.×20 min was changed to a five-time treatment of 90° C.×20 min. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the hot water washing prescription treatment of 130° C.×20 min. was changed to a ten-time treatment of 90° C.×20 min. The results are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the amount of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 30 g/L. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the amount of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 20 g/L. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that the amount of DOWANOL PPH in the dyeing prescription was changed to 10 g/L. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
-
TABLE 1 Meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide Flame retardancy fiber (MA) Afterflame time Content of Content of according to JIS residual residual carrier L1091A-4: three Material mixing Crystallinity solvent agent second flame contact Hyperchromicity ratio (%) (%) (% by mass) (% by mass) (sec) L value Example 1 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 0.8 1 52.0 Example 2 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 0.5 0 52.3 Example 3 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 0.9 1 52.0 Example 4 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 0.8 1 51.9 Example 5 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 0.4 0 52.2 Example 6 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 0.9 1 52.1 Example 7 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 0.5 0 52.1 Comparative MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 2.5 Entirely burnt 51.8 Example 1 Example 8 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 1.5 25 51.9 Example 9 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 1.0 12 52.0 Example 10 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 0.8 1 52.7 Example 11 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 0.8 1 53.5 Example 12 MA93/PA5/AS2 19 0.08 0.8 1 54.0 - In accordance with the present invention, a colored organic fiber that has a deep color and excellent flame retardancy, a cloth and garments each composed of the foregoing organic fiber, and a method for producing a cloth are provided, and its industrial value is extremely large.
Claims (20)
1. A colored organic fiber having a content of a carrier agent of 1.8% by mass or less relative to the fiber mass.
2. The colored organic fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the carrier agent is 0.1 to 1.8% by mass relative to the fiber mass.
3. The colored organic fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier agent is any one or more selected from the group consisting of DL-β-ethylphenethyl alcohol, 2-ethoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-chlorobenzyl alcohol, 2,5-dimethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol, 2-methylphenethyl alcohol, 3-methylphenethyl alcohol, 4-methylphenethyl alcohol, 2-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 3-iodobenzyl alcohol, cinnamic alcohol, p-anisyl alcohol, benzhydrol, benzyl alcohol, propylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, and N-methylformanilide.
4. The colored organic fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the organic fiber is any one selected from the group consisting of a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber, a polybenzoxazole (PBO) fiber, a polybenzimidazole (PBI) fiber, a polybenzthiazole (PBTZ) fiber, a polyimide (PI) fiber, a polysulfonamide (PSA) fiber, a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fiber, a polyether imide (PEI) fiber, a polyarylate (PAr) fiber, a melamine fiber, a phenol fiber, a fluorine-based fiber, and a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber.
5. The colored organic fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber having a crystallinity of 15 to 25%.
6. The colored organic fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber having a content of residual solvent of 1.0% by mass or less.
7. The colored organic fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber having a content of residual solvent of 0.1% by mass or less.
8. The organic fiber according to claim 6 , wherein the residual solvent is any one selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.
9. The colored organic fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the organic fiber is a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber; and a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide forming the a meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber is an aromatic polyamide in which in an aromatic polyamide skeleton containing a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (1), an aromatic diamine component or aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide component that is different from a main structural unit of the repeating structure is copolymerized as a third component such that a proportion of the third component is 1 to 10 mol % relative to the whole amount of the repeating structural units of the aromatic polyamide:
—(NH—Ar1—NH—CO—Ar1—CO)— (1)
—(NH—Ar1—NH—CO—Ar1—CO)— (1)
wherein Ar 1 is a divalent aromatic group having a linking group in a position other than the meta position or an axially parallel direction.
10. The colored organic fiber according to claim 9 , wherein the third component is an aromatic diamine represented by the following formula (2) or (3) or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide represented by the following formula (4) or (5):
H2N—Ar2—NH2 (2)
H2N—Ar2—Y—Ar2—NH2 (3)
XOC—Ar3—COX (4)
XOC—Ar3—Y—Ar3—COX (5)
H2N—Ar2—NH2 (2)
H2N—Ar2—Y—Ar2—NH2 (3)
XOC—Ar3—COX (4)
XOC—Ar3—Y—Ar3—COX (5)
wherein Ar2 is a divalent aromatic group different from Ar1; Ar3 is a divalent aromatic group different from Ar1; Y is at least one atom or functional group selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and an alkylene group; and X is a halogen atom.
11. A cloth comprising the colored organic fiber according to claim 1 .
12. The cloth according to claim 11 , wherein the cloth contains any one or more selected from the group consisting of a polyester fiber, a cellulose fiber, a polyamide fiber, a polyolefin fiber, an acrylic fiber, a rayon fiber, a cotton fiber, an animal hair fiber, a polyurethane fiber, a polyvinyl chloride fiber, a polyvinylidene chloride fiber, an acetate fiber, and a polycarbonate fiber.
13. The cloth according to claim 11 , wherein any one of fibers constituting the cloth contains a flame retarder.
14. The cloth according to claim 11 , wherein any one of fibers constituting the cloth contains a UV absorber or a UV reflector.
15. The cloth according to claim 11 , wherein an areal weight of the cloth is 300 g/m2 or less.
16. The cloth according to claim 11 , wherein an LOI is 26 or more.
17. The cloth according to claim 11 , wherein an afterflame time in the vertical flame test (JIS L1091A-4: three second flame contact) is 1 second or less.
18. The cloth according to claim 11 , wherein a brightness index L value is 80 or less.
19. Garments comprising the cloth according to claim 11 .
20. A method for producing the cloth containing the colored organic fiber according to claim 11 , comprising
dyeing a cloth containing an organic fiber with a carrier agent and then washing the cloth with hot water at a temperature of 90 to 140° C. for 10 to 30 minutes, thereby controlling a content of the carrier agent contained in the organic fiber to 1.8% by mass or less relative to the fiber mass.
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JP2014-082799 | 2014-04-14 | ||
PCT/JP2015/060712 WO2015159749A1 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2015-04-06 | Colored organic fiber, fabric and clothing and method for manufacturing fabric |
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US16/373,948 Abandoned US20190226122A1 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2019-04-03 | Colored organic fiber, cloth, and garments, and method for producing cloth |
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EP (1) | EP3133204B1 (en) |
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US11078608B2 (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2021-08-03 | Teijin Limited | Fabric, method for manufacturing same, and fiber product |
CN115821417A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-03-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Preparation method of copolymerized self-coloring aramid fiber and copolymerized self-coloring aramid fiber |
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JP6619226B2 (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2019-12-11 | 帝人株式会社 | Flame retardant antibacterial fabric and textile products |
JP6975531B2 (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2021-12-01 | 帝人株式会社 | Fabrics and textiles |
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CN107447553B (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2020-01-17 | 江南大学 | Ketone ester carrier dyeing method for polyimide fiber and fabric |
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JP6355720B2 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
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CA2945737A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
JPWO2015159749A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
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TW201606150A (en) | 2016-02-16 |
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JP6570703B2 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
BR112016023687A2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
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EP3133204A4 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
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