US20170020226A1 - Footwear including a textile upper - Google Patents
Footwear including a textile upper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170020226A1 US20170020226A1 US15/149,596 US201615149596A US2017020226A1 US 20170020226 A1 US20170020226 A1 US 20170020226A1 US 201615149596 A US201615149596 A US 201615149596A US 2017020226 A1 US2017020226 A1 US 2017020226A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- article
- strand
- footwear
- strands
- thermal conductivity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
- D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B1/00—Footwear characterised by the material
- A43B1/02—Footwear characterised by the material made of fibres or fabrics made therefrom
- A43B1/04—Footwear characterised by the material made of fibres or fabrics made therefrom braided, knotted, knitted or crocheted
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0205—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0205—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
- A43B23/0235—Different layers of different material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0245—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0245—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form
- A43B23/0255—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form assembled by gluing or thermo bonding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0245—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form
- A43B23/0265—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form having different properties in different directions
- A43B23/0275—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form having different properties in different directions with a part of the upper particularly rigid, e.g. resisting articulation or torsion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/04—Uppers made of one piece; Uppers with inserted gussets
- A43B23/042—Uppers made of one piece
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/08—Heel stiffeners; Toe stiffeners
- A43B23/081—Toe stiffeners
- A43B23/086—Toe stiffeners made of impregnated fabrics, plastics or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/08—Heel stiffeners; Toe stiffeners
- A43B23/088—Heel stiffeners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
- A43B5/06—Running shoes; Track shoes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
- A43B7/06—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
- A43B7/08—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures
- A43B7/084—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures characterised by the location of the holes
- A43B7/085—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures characterised by the location of the holes in the upper
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43C—FASTENINGS OR ATTACHMENTS OF FOOTWEAR; LACES IN GENERAL
- A43C1/00—Shoe lacing fastenings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43C—FASTENINGS OR ATTACHMENTS OF FOOTWEAR; LACES IN GENERAL
- A43C1/00—Shoe lacing fastenings
- A43C1/04—Shoe lacing fastenings with rings or loops
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43C—FASTENINGS OR ATTACHMENTS OF FOOTWEAR; LACES IN GENERAL
- A43C5/00—Eyelets
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/10—Patterned fabrics or articles
- D04B1/12—Patterned fabrics or articles characterised by thread material
- D04B1/123—Patterned fabrics or articles characterised by thread material with laid-in unlooped yarn, e.g. fleece fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
- D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0245—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form
- A43B23/028—Resilient uppers, e.g. shock absorbing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/041—Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
- D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
- D10B2501/043—Footwear
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an article of footwear and, in particular, footwear including an upper with a temperature modulation structure.
- Articles of footwear typically include an upper and a sole structure attached to the upper that cooperate to define a foot cavity. Controlling the microclimate of the foot cavity—the temperature and humidity within the foot cavity, including the position of air layers relative to the foot or sock—is important for wearer comfort. High temperature and humidity inside the foot cavity may cause discomfort and/or affect blood flow (straining on the wearer's vascular system). Excessive humidity within the foot cavity, moreover, may promote the growth of microorganisms (fungi and bacteria).
- An article of footwear includes a sole structure and an upper attached to the sole structure.
- the upper is formed from a textile including interlocked strands oriented in a predetermined configuration.
- the upper further includes a microclimate modulation structure operable to affect the microclimate of the foot cavity.
- the microclimate modulation structure includes pockets configured to capture heated and/or moist air away from the surface of the foot.
- the microclimate modulation structure further includes strands possessing high thermal conductivity that selectively positioned within the textile structure. The high thermal conductivity strands are capable of transferring heat at a higher rate than surrounding strands.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an article of footwear in accordance with an embodiment of the invention (footwear configured for a right foot).
- FIG. 2A is side view in elevation of the article of footwear shown in FIG. 1 , showing the medial footwear side.
- FIG. 2B is a side view in elevation of the article of footwear shown in FIG. 1 , showing the lateral footwear side.
- FIG. 2C is a front perspective view of the article of footwear of FIG. 1 , showing the lateral footwear side.
- FIG. 2D is a front perspective view of the article of footwear shown in FIG. 1 , showing the medial footwear side.
- FIG. 2E is a rear perspective view of the article of footwear shown in FIG. 1 , showing the medial footwear side.
- FIG. 3 is a side view in elevation of the article of footwear shown in FIG. 1 , showing the lateral footwear side and further including a partial cut-out section.
- FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the article of footwear in accordance with the invention, showing the lateral shoe side.
- FIG. 5A is a close-up view (medial shoe side) of the vamp section of the article footwear shown in FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 5B is a close-up view (lateral shoe side) of the vamp section of the article of footwear shown in FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 5C is cross sectional view of the vamp taken along lines 5 C- 5 C in FIG. 5A .
- FIG. 5D is cross sectional view of the vamp taken along lines 5 D- 5 D in FIG. 5B .
- FIG. 6A is a front perspective view of the article of footwear of FIG. 4 , showing the medial shoe side.
- FIG. 6B is a top plan view of the article of footwear of FIG. 4 .
- an article of footwear 100 includes an upper 105 coupled to a sole structure 110 and further including a heel counter 115 and a fastening element or fastener 120 (e.g., a lace or cord, which is shown in phantom).
- the upper 105 is a textile formed via knitting. Knitting is a process for constructing fabric by interlocking a series of loops (bights) of one or more strands organized in wales and courses. In general, knitting includes warp knitting and weft knitting. In warp knitting, a plurality of strands runs lengthwise in the fabric to make all the loops.
- weft knitting In weft knitting, one continuous strand runs crosswise in the fabric, making all of the loops in one course.
- Weft knitting includes fabrics formed on both circular knitting and flat knitting machines. With circular knitting machines, the fabric is produced in the form of a tube, with the strands running continuously around the fabric. With a flat knitting machine, the fabric is produced in flat form, the threads alternating back and forth across the fabric.
- the upper 105 is formed via flat knitting utilizing stitches including, but not limited to, a plain stitch; a rib stitch, a purl stitch; a missed or float stitch (to produce a float of yarn on the fabric's wrong side); and a tuck stitch (to create an open space in the fabric).
- the resulting textile includes an interior side (the technical back) and an exterior side (the technical face), each layer being formed of the same or varying strands and/or stitches.
- the knit structure may be a single knit/jersey fabric, a double knit/jersey fabric, and/or a plated fabric (with yarns of different properties are disposed on the face and back).
- the textile is a double knit fabric formed via a flat knitting process.
- the strands forming the textile may be any natural or synthetic strands suitable for their described purpose (to form a knit upper).
- the term “strand” includes one or more filaments organized into a fiber and/or an ordered assemblage of textile fibers having a high ratio of length to diameter and normally used as a unit (e.g., slivers, roving, single yarns, plies yarns, cords, braids, ropes, etc.).
- a strand is a yarn, i.e., a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric.
- a yarn may include a number of fibers twisted together (spun yarn); a number of filaments laid together without twist (a zero-twist yarn); a number of filaments laid together with a degree of twist; and a single filament with or without twist (a monofilament).
- the strands include elastic strands or inelastic strands.
- An elastic strand is formed of elastomeric material; consequently, by virtue of its composition, the strand possesses the ability to stretch. Accordingly, an elastic strand possesses elasticity and/or recovery, i.e., the ability to stretch/deform under load and recover to immediately after removal of the load. The degree to which fibers, yarn, or cord returns to its original size and shape after deformation indicates how well a fabric recovers.
- Some specific examples of elastomers are elastic polymers such as elastomeric polyester-polyurethane copolymers.
- elastane a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% of segmented polyurethane, may be utilized.
- Hard yarns are a type of inelastic strand.
- Hard yarns include natural and/or synthetic spun staple yarns, natural and/or synthetic continuous filament yarns, and/or combinations thereof.
- natural fibers include cellulosic fibers (e.g., cotton, bamboo) and protein fibers (e.g., wool, silk, and soybean).
- Synthetic fibers include polyester fibers (poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) fibers), polycaprolactam fibers, poly(hexamethylene adipamide) fibers, acrylic fibers, acetate fibers, rayon fibers, nylon fibers and combinations thereof.
- the strands suitable for forming the upper 105 further include heat sensitive strands.
- Heat sensitive strands include flowable (fusible) strands and softening.
- Flowable strands are include polymers that possess a melting and/or glass transition point at which the solid polymer liquefies, generating viscous flow (i.e., becomes molten).
- the melting and/or glass transition point of the flowable polymer may be approximately 80° C. to about 150° C. (e.g., 85° C.).
- Examples of flowable strands include thermoplastic materials such as polyurethanes (i.e., thermoplastic polyurethane or TPU), ethylene vinyl acetates, polyamides (e.g., low melt nylons), and polyesters (e.g., low melt polyester).
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
- ethylene vinyl acetates polyamides (e.g., low melt nylons)
- polyesters e.g., low melt polyester
- Preferred examples of melting strands include TPU and polyester.
- As a strand becomes flowable it surrounds adjacent strands. Upon cooling, the strands form a rigid interconnected structure that strengthens the textile and/or limits the movement of adjacent strands.
- Softening strands are polymeric strands that possess a softening point (the temperature at which a material softens beyond some arbitrary softness). Many thermoplastic polymers do not have a defined point that marks the transition from solid to fluid. Instead, they become softer as temperature increases. The softening point is measured via the Vicat method (ISO 306 and ASTM D 1525), or via heat deflection test (HDT) (ISO 75 and ASTM D 648). In an embodiment, the softening point of the strand is from approximately 60° C. to approximately 90° C. When softened, the strands become tacky, adhering to adjacent stands. Once cooled, movement of the textile strands is restricted (i.e., the textile at that location stiffens).
- thermosetting strands are generally flexible under ambient conditions, but become irreversibly inflexible upon heating.
- the strands may also include heat insensitive strands.
- Heat insensitive strands are not sensitive to the processing temperatures experienced by the upper (e.g., during formation and/or use). Accordingly, heat insensitive strands possess a softening, glass transition, or melting point value greater than that of any softening or melting strands present in the textile structure and/or greater than the temperature ranges specified above.
- a strand may be categorized in a combination of the above categories.
- a polyester yarn may be both a heat insensitive and an inelastic strand, as defined above.
- the article of footwear 100 is an athletic shoe (e.g., a running shoe) defining a forefoot region 200 A, a midfoot region 200 B, and a hindfoot region 200 C, as well as a medial side 205 A and a lateral side 205 B.
- the forefoot region 200 A generally aligns with the ball and toes of the foot
- the midfoot region 200 B generally aligns with the arch and instep areas of the foot
- the hindfoot region 200 C generally aligns with the heel and ankle areas of the foot.
- the medial side 205 A is oriented along the medial (big toe) side of the foot
- the lateral side 205 B is oriented along the lateral (little toe) side of the foot.
- the upper 105 includes a plurality of sections that cooperate to define the foot cavity.
- a heel section 210 includes heel cup configured to align with and cover the calcaneus area of a human foot.
- a lateral quarter section 215 disposed forward the heel section 210 , is oriented on the lateral shoe side 205 B.
- a medial quarter section 220 disposed forward the heel section 210 , is oriented on the medial shoe side 205 A.
- a vamp section 225 is disposed forward the quarter sections 215 , 225
- a toe cage section 230 is disposed forward the vamp section.
- the upper 105 may further includes an instep cover section 240 configured to align and span the instep area of the foot and a planum section or footbed 300 ( FIG. 3 ) that engages the planum (bottom) of the foot.
- the heel 210 , lateral quarter 215 , medial quarter 220 , vamp 225 , toe cage 230 and planum 300 sections cooperate to form a foot cavity 332 ( FIG. 3 ) into which a human foot is inserted by way of an access opening 235 formed cooperatively by the heel 210 , the lateral 215 and medial 220 quarters, and the instep cover 240 .
- the upper 105 may possess a unitary structure (also called a unibody construction) to minimize the number of seams utilized to form the shape of the upper. That is, the upper 105 may be formed as a one-piece template, each template portion being integral with adjacent template portions. Stated yet another way, each section 210 , 215 , 220 , 225 , 230 , 240 , 300 of the upper 105 may include a common strand interconnecting that section with adjacent sections (i.e., the common strand spans both sections). In addition, the connection between adjacent sections may be stitchless and seamless. By stitchless and/or seamless, it is meant that adjacent sections are continuous or integral with each other, including no edges that require joining by stitches, tape, adhesive, welding (fusing), etc.
- the lateral quarter section 215 extends from the heel section 210 to the vamp section 225 , traveling upward from the planum section 300 such that the lateral quarter section spans the lateral side of the foot, proximate the hindfoot 200 C and midfoot regions 200 B.
- the lateral quarter section 215 may be formed integrally (continuous with) with the heel section 210 , the vamp section 225 , and the planum section 300 .
- the lateral quarter section 215 is adapted to receive a fastener such as a shoe lace.
- the lateral quarter 215 includes a plurality of looped sections 245 A, 245 B, 245 C, 245 D disposed at the lateral quarter distal edge (upper edge).
- the looped sections 245 A- 245 D are linearly spaced, being generally aligned in an array extending longitudinally along the shoe 100 .
- each looped section 245 A- 245 D is configured to receive the fastener 120 (the shoe lace), movably capturing the fastener therein.
- the looped sections 245 A- 245 D moreover, cooperate with one or more elements disposed on the instep cover 240 to engage the fastener 120 and secure the shoe 100 to the foot of the wearer (described in greater detail, below).
- the medial quarter section 220 extends from the heel 210 to the vamp 225 , traveling upward from the planum 300 such that the medial quarter spans the medial side of the foot, proximate the hindfoot 200 C and midfoot 200 B regions.
- the medial quarter 220 may be seamlessly and/or stitchlessly integrated with each of the heel 210 , the vamp, and planum 300 sections of the upper.
- the instep cover 240 is configured to span the dorsum portion of the midfoot (i.e., the instep).
- the instep cover 240 may be formed integrally (stitchlessly and/or seamlessly) with the medial quarter section 220 .
- the instep cover 240 defines a forward edge 305 (oriented toward the vamp 225 ) and a rearward edge 310 oriented generally parallel to the forward edge.
- the instep cover 240 further defines distal edge 315 oriented generally orthogonal to the forward and rearward edges.
- the instep cover 240 generally spans the instep of the foot, extending from the medial shoe side 205 A to the lateral shoe side 205 B, and extending from the throat line 250 of the vamp 225 at its forward edge 305 to the access opening 235 at its rearward edge 310 .
- the access opening 235 is partially defined by the rearward edge 310 .
- the instep cover 240 may include one or more narrow, elongated openings or slots 260 operable to permit passage of the fastener 120 therethrough.
- the instep cover 240 may also include additional openings or windows 285 operable to improve airflow into/out of the upper.
- the forefoot region 200 A of the upper 105 includes the vamp section 225 , which extends forward from the lateral quarter 215 and medial quarter 220 sections, being formed integrally therewith (e.g., stitchlessly and seamlessly).
- the vamp section 225 defines the throat line 250 within its proximal region and toe cage 230 within its distal region, the toe cage being configured to span the toes of the foot.
- the vamp 225 includes a microclimate modulation structure (also called microclimate moderation structure) operable to affect movement of heat, air, and/or moisture (e.g., vapor) within the foot cavity 332 .
- a microclimate modulation structure also called microclimate moderation structure
- the microclimate of footwear which contributes to thermal comfort, is influenced by heat and moisture within the foot cavity. Accordingly, moving heat and/or moisture away from the surface of the foot and/or exhausting heat from the foot cavity 332 optimizes the microclimate which, in turn, optimizes the thermal comfort experienced by the user.
- the temperature modulation structure includes strands selected to possess predetermined thermal conductivity values positioned at selected locations within the knit construction of the textile.
- the temperature modulation structure 400 includes first, high thermal conductivity strands and second, low thermal conductivity strands.
- High conductivity strands are strands that transfer heat along its length (axis) and/or width (transverse dimension) at a higher rate than low thermal conductivity strands.
- high thermal conductivity strands are strands formed (e.g., entirely formed) of material possessing a thermal conductivity value greater than 0.40 W/m K.
- the strands may be formed of high density polyethylene (HDPE, 0.45-0.52 @23 C) and/or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UWMW-PE, 0.42-0.51 W/m K @23 C).
- high thermal conductivity strand is a strand that possessing an axial thermal conductivity of at least 5 W/m K (e.g., at least 10 W/m K or at least 20 W/m K).
- the high thermal conductivity strand may be a multifilament fiber such as a gel-spun fiber.
- the high conductivity strand is a gel-spun, multifilament fiber produced from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE), which possesses a thermal conductivity value in the axial direction of 20 W/m K.
- UHMW-PE ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
- the low thermal conductivity strand in contrast, transfers heat along its length (axis) and/or width (transverse dimension) at a lower rate than that of the high thermal conductivity strand.
- the low thermal conductivity strand is formed (e.g., entirely formed) of material possessing a thermal conductivity of no more than 0.40 W/m K.
- the low conductivity strand may be formed of low density polyethylene (LDPE, 0.33 W/m K @23 C), nylon (e.g., nylon 6; nylon 6,6; or nylon 12) (0.23-0.28 W/m K @23° C.), polyester (0.15-0.24 W/m K @23° C.), and/or polypropylene (0.1-0.22 W/m K @23 C).
- the low thermal conductivity strand possesses an axial thermal conductivity (as measured along its axis) that is less than the axial conductivity of the high conductivity strands.
- the low thermal conductivity strands possess an axial thermal conductivity value of less than 5 W/m K when high thermal conductivity strand possesses a thermal conductivity of greater than 5 W/m K; of less than 10 W/m K when high conductivity strand possesses a thermal conductivity of at least 10 W/m K; and/or less than 20 W/m K when high conductivity strand possesses a thermal conductivity of greater than 20 W/m K.
- Exemplary low thermal conductivity strands include strands formed of polyester staple fibers (axial thermal conductivity: 1.18 W/m K); polyester filament strands (axial thermal conductivity: 1.26 W/m K); nylon fiber strands (axial thermal conductivity: 1.43 W/m K); polypropylene fiber strands (axial thermal conductivity: 1.24 W/m K); cotton strands (axial thermal conductivity: 2.88 W/m K); wool strands (axial thermal conductivity: 0.48 W/m K); silk strands (axial thermal conductivity: 1.49 W/m K); rayon strands (axial thermal conductivity: 1.41-1.89 W/m K); and aramid strands (axial thermal conductivity: 3.05-4.74 W/m K), as well as combinations thereof.
- the microclimate modulation structure 400 may further possess a knit construction or structure configured to affect the microclimate of the foot cavity 332 (either independently or in cooperation with the high thermal conductivity strands).
- the microclimate modulation structure 400 includes a first construction or portion 405 possessing a first knit construction and a second construction or portion 410 possessing a second knit construction.
- the first portion 405 forms the central area of the vamp 225 , being oriented forward the throat line 250 , with its lateral boundaries generally coextensive therewith, and its forward boundary located proximate the toe cage 230 .
- the second portion 410 partially surrounds the first portion 405 , being oriented along the forward, medial, and lateral sides of the first portion. Stated another way, the second portion 410 forms the toe cage 230 , the lateral side 415 of the vamp 225 , and the medial side 420 of the vamp. As illustrated, the first portion 405 is integral with the second portion 410 with a seamless and/or stitchless transition therebetween.
- Each portion 405 , 410 of the microclimate modulation structure 400 is independently capable of affecting the movement of heat, air, and/or moisture within the cavity and/or exhausting it from the foot cavity 332 . It should be understood, however, that the portions 405 , 410 cooperate with each other, working in concert to affect the foot cavity microclimate (i.e., the portions operate independently of each other and cooperatively with each other).
- the first portion 405 of the microclimate modulation structure 400 includes an exterior layer 505 (technical face) plated with an interior layer 510 (technical back).
- the exterior layer 505 includes a plurality of chambers or pockets operable to position heated and/or moist air away from the area immediately surrounding the foot (or sock exterior surface).
- the pockets are formed via indentations 515 disposed between the intersection of a plurality of elongated, longitudinal beams or sections 520 extending in a longitudinal or lengthwise direction of the upper 105 (e.g., extending between the throat line 250 and the toe cage 230 ) with a plurality of elongated, transverse beams or sections 525 extending transversely to the lengthwise direction of the upper (i.e., between lateral 415 and medial 420 sides).
- the longitudinal 520 and transverse 525 beams define areas of increased height relative to the indentations 515 .
- the height of the beams 520 , 525 and/or the depths of the indentations 515 is approximately two millimeters or more to provide appropriate spacing of the indentation from the interior layer 510 and/or foot/sock surface (discussed in greater detail below).
- a combination of jersey and float stitches may be utilized to form the indentations 515 and beams 520 , 525 .
- the knit construction may be configured such that each indentation 515 formed into the outer side 535 of the exterior layer 505 forms a corresponding beam 520 , 525 protruding from the inner side 540 of the exterior layer. Similarly, each indentation 515 formed into the inner side 540 of the exterior layer 505 forms a corresponding beam 520 , 525 protruding the outer side 535 of the exterior layer (i.e., the topography on the inner side is the negative of the outer side topography). Accordingly, as seen in FIG. 5C , the transverse beams 525 of the outer side 535 define cavities 515 along the inner side 540 .
- the pattern disposed on the inner side 540 may include only the transverse beams 525 , defining an indentation 515 between adjacent rows of beams 520 (i.e., omitting longitudinal beams 520 ).
- Each indentation 515 forms a pocket or chamber (e.g., a polygonal or rectangular shaped pocket) within the exterior layer 505 along its inner, foot-cavity-facing side 540 .
- Each pocket is oriented in spaced relation from the immediate foot surface (or sock surface) and/or the interior layer 510 . That is, the longitudinal 520 and/or transverse beams 525 on the inner side 540 act as spacers to maintain a gap between the indentations 515 and the foot (and/or the interior layer 510 ).
- the resulting pockets are capable of collecting/capturing heated and/or moist air from the foot cavity 332 (e.g., heat generated by the forefoot portion of the foot) and storing it away from the foot/sock surface, thereby increasing wearer comfort.
- heated and/or moist air along the surface of the foot travels upward, away from the foot surface and into the pockets, where it is collected.
- the moist air may travel through apertures 555 formed into the interior layer 510 and aligned with indentations 515 .
- the depth of the indentation 515 and height of the beams 525 may cooperate to create a pocket spaced approximately two millimeters to five millimeters from the foot or sock surface. Moving heated air two millimeters or more from the foot surface improves the microclimate experienced by the wearer.
- the first portion 405 of the microclimate modulation structure 400 may further include exhaust ports 545 (i.e., openings defined in the knit construction) in fluid communication with the foot cavity 332 .
- the outer side 535 of the exterior layer 505 may include exhaust ports 545 positioned along the longitudinal beam 520 , proximate an indentation 515 .
- a pair of exhaust ports 545 is aligned across the longitudinal beam 520 transverse dimension.
- each longitudinal beam 520 extends over the transverse beams 525 so as to form a bridge-like structure or bridging portion 550 between pairs of neighboring or consecutively aligned beams, with a transverse channel 547 defined beneath the bridging portion of the beam that communicates with neighboring indentations 515 consecutively aligned on each side of the bridging portion of the beam.
- Each longitudinal beam 520 bridges (via bridging portion 550 ) the peaks (defined by transverse beams) and valleys (defined by indentations) of the first portion 405 , with transverse channels 547 extending transversely through/under each longitudinal beam at the indentation.
- the exterior layer 505 may include vertical channels or passages 552 in communication with the apertures 555 of the interior layer 510 .
- the interior layer 510 which is exposed to the foot cavity 332 , is a generally planar layer that spans the array of indentations 515 and beams 520 , 525 of the vamp 225 (i.e., the waffle pattern).
- the layer 510 is generally continuous, and may possess a lower stitch density than that of the exterior layer 505 (e.g., to assist fluid movement therethrough).
- the interior layer 510 may further include apertures 555 disposed at selected locations that permit passage of fluid (air/vapor).
- each aperture 555 may be generally aligned with a corresponding pocket or indentation 515 along the interior side 540 of the exterior layer 505 . With this configuration, moist or heated air from the foot cavity 332 passes through the apertures 555 and is directed into the pockets 515 of the exterior layer 505 where it is stored away from the user.
- the portions 405 , 410 of the modulation structure 400 are formed of low thermal conductivity strands and high thermal conductivity strands placed at selected locations within the construction.
- the interior layer 510 is formed primarily (e.g., >50%), substantially (e.g., >90%), or completely (100%) of high thermal conductivity strands (with any remainder being low conductivity strands).
- the exterior layer 505 in contrast, is formed primarily, substantially, or completely of low thermal conductivity strands. Accordingly, the interior layer 510 is a thermal conduction layer, being operable to transfer heat at a higher rate than the exterior layer 505 .
- the interior layer 510 is formed completely of high thermal conductivity strands and the exterior layer 505 is formed completely of low conductivity strands.
- the above described configuration modulates the comfort of the shoe 100 by affecting the movement of moisture, airflow, and/or heat within the foot cavity 332 .
- heat and water vapor generated by the foot are released into the foot cavity 332 , traveling upward, toward the first portion 405 of the microclimate modulation structure 400 .
- the heat and/or water vapor contacts the interior layer 510 , which, being formed of high thermal conductivity strands, conducts heat along its volume (its surface area), spreading the heat over a wide surface area to prevent the formation of hot spots and to disperse the heat.
- the interior layer 510 draws water vapor away from the foot via the capillary action of the knit structure.
- Heat and/or water vapor furthermore, pass through the apertures 555 of the interior layer 510 .
- heat and/or vapor are either received by the indentations 515 of the exterior layer 505 , being temporarily stored away from the surface of the foot/sock. Additionally, the heat and/or vapor may be exhausted from the foot cavity 332 via exhaust ports 545 .
- the second portion 410 of the microclimate modulation structure 400 surrounds the first portion 405 , extending along the lateral 415 and medial 420 sides of the vamp section 225 , terminating proximate the throat line 250 at its rear, and extending forward to the toe cage 230 .
- the second portion 410 includes a plurality of ribs and channels spaced along the technical face (exterior side) and/or the technical back (interior side) of the upper 105 .
- the second portion possesses a double knit construction including by rib (e.g., 2 ⁇ 1 rib) and float (e.g., float single jacquard) stitches.
- the stitches are located to create a series of raised ribs or bands 625 separated by surface channels 630 .
- the rib stitches and float stitches are disposed at selected locations to form alternating bands 625 and channels 630 within each layer, the bands being oriented longitudinally along the upper (i.e., the bands extend lengthwise, from throat line 250 to toe cage 230 ).
- the bands 625 are formed via rib stitches
- the channels 630 are formed via float stitches (where connected loops of the same course are not in adjacent wales).
- the second portion 410 includes strands possessing relatively higher and lower thermal conductivity values disposed at selected positions within the construction.
- the high thermal conductivity strands may be located within the inner layer 610 of the knit structure, or may be located in one or both of the exterior 615 and interior 610 layers of the structure.
- the knit construction is configured such that the exterior layer 615 is formed primarily, substantially, or completely of low thermal conductivity strands and the interior layer 610 is formed primarily, substantially, or completely formed of high thermal conductivity strands.
- the amount of high thermal conductivity strands present within the second portion 410 of the microclimate modulation structure 410 may be any suitable for its described purpose.
- the high thermal conductivity strand 615 forms at least 25% (e.g., at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, etc.) of the second portion 410 (e.g., at least 25% of the strands forming the second portion are high thermal conductivity strands; or at least 25% of the overall strand weight of the second portion is due to the high thermal conductivity strands).
- the high thermal conductivity strands represent no more than 60% of the strands forming the second portion 410 (e.g., the high thermal conductivity strands form 25%-60% of the second portion).
- each of the exterior 610 and interior 615 layers includes continuous strands forming courses along the crosswise textile direction.
- the stitches may be selected such that a continuous strand forming the interior layer 615 is exposed at selected locations along the strand length, and vice versa.
- selectively placing float stitches within the exterior layer 610 further including ribbing selectively exposes the strand forming the interior layer 610 (technical back, also called the inside loop).
- each surface channel 630 includes windows 635 exposing interior layer 610 .
- Each window is defined by adjacent knitted bars 640 extending transversely across the channel 630 .
- heat and/or water vapor generated by the foot travels toward the second portion 410 .
- the heat and/or water are either directed along the channels 630 , or contact the high thermal conductivity strands.
- the channels 630 encourage the movement of air, aiding in creating a cooling sensation.
- the high thermal conductivity strands transfer heat, spreading it along their lengths such that heat is spread over a wide surface area.
- the strands of the first portion 405 furthermore, are in communication with the strands of the second portion 410 . Accordingly, heat from the first portion is spread across the second portion, and vice versa.
- the portions of the high thermal conductivity strand exposed along the exterior layer 610 permits escape of heat absorbed by the high thermal conductivity strand to the ambient environment.
- hydrophobic, high thermal conductivity strands such as strands formed of UHMW-PE do not absorb water. Accordingly, it is believed that any water vapor present in the cavity contacts the strand, where it is drawn away from the foot cavity 332 via capillary action within the knit structure.
- the sole structure 110 comprises a durable, wear-resistant component configured to provide cushioning as the shoe 100 impacts the ground.
- the sole structure 110 may include a midsole and an outsole.
- the sole structure 110 can further include an insole that is disposed between the midsole and the upper 105 when the shoe 100 is assembled.
- the sole structure 110 may be a unitary and/or one-piece structure.
- the sole structure 110 includes an upper facing side 125 and an opposing, ground-facing side 130 .
- the upper facing side 125 may include a generally planar surface and a curved rim or wall that defines the sole perimeter for contacting the bottom surface 135 of the upper 105 .
- the ground-facing side 130 of the sole structure 110 can also define a generally planar surface and can further be textured and/or include ground-engaging or traction elements (e.g., as part of the outsole of the sole structure) to enhance traction of the shoe 100 on different types of terrains and depending upon a particular purpose in which the shoe is to be implemented.
- the ground-facing side 130 of the sole structure 110 can also include one or more recesses formed therein, such as indentations or grooves extending in a lengthwise direction of the sole structure 110 and/or transverse the lengthwise direction of the sole structure, where the recesses can provide a number of enhanced properties for the sole structure (e.g., flexure/pivotal bending along grooves to enhance flexibility of the sole structure during use).
- the sole structure 110 may be formed of a single material or may be formed of a plurality of materials.
- the midsole may be formed of one or more materials including, without limitation, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), an EVA blended with one or more of an EVA modifier, a polyolefin block copolymer, and a triblock copolymer, and a polyether block amide.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- the outsole may be formed of one or more materials including, without limitation, elastomers (e.g., thermoplastic polyurethane), siloxanes, natural rubber, and synthetic rubber.
- first microclimate modulation structure 400 is located in the vamp 225 region of the shoe 100 proximate the instep of the upper 105 , it should be understood that the first structure may be located at any location suitable for its described purpose.
- various stitches may be used to provide different sections 210 , 215 , 220 , 225 , 230 , 240 , 300 of the upper 105 with different properties.
- a first area may be formed of a first stitch configuration
- a second area may be formed of a second stitch configuration that is different from the first stitch configuration to impart varying textures, structures, patterning, and/or other characteristics to the upper member.
- the dimensions e.g., length, width, and depth
- spacing, geometric shape and pattern of the indentations 515 , the longitudinal beams 520 , and/or the transverse beams 525 can vary for different embodiments to provide different aesthetic and/or heat transfer effects for the upper 105 .
- Stitching may be utilized to connect sections of the upper together.
- a thermoplastic film may be utilized to reinforce seams, replace stitching, and/or prevent fraying.
- seam tape available from Bemis Associates, Inc. (Shirley, Mass.) may be utilized.
- the upper 105 may include a conventional tongue including a longitudinally extending member free on its lateral and medial sides.
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Abstract
Description
- The present application claims priority to Provisional Application No. 62/158,709, filed 8 May 2015 and entitled “Footwear Including a Textile Upper.” The disclosure of the aforementioned application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- The present invention relates to an article of footwear and, in particular, footwear including an upper with a temperature modulation structure.
- Articles of footwear typically include an upper and a sole structure attached to the upper that cooperate to define a foot cavity. Controlling the microclimate of the foot cavity—the temperature and humidity within the foot cavity, including the position of air layers relative to the foot or sock—is important for wearer comfort. High temperature and humidity inside the foot cavity may cause discomfort and/or affect blood flow (straining on the wearer's vascular system). Excessive humidity within the foot cavity, moreover, may promote the growth of microorganisms (fungi and bacteria).
- Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide an upper for footwear capable of affecting the microclimate within the foot cavity.
- An article of footwear includes a sole structure and an upper attached to the sole structure. The upper is formed from a textile including interlocked strands oriented in a predetermined configuration. The upper further includes a microclimate modulation structure operable to affect the microclimate of the foot cavity. The microclimate modulation structure includes pockets configured to capture heated and/or moist air away from the surface of the foot. The microclimate modulation structure further includes strands possessing high thermal conductivity that selectively positioned within the textile structure. The high thermal conductivity strands are capable of transferring heat at a higher rate than surrounding strands.
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FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an article of footwear in accordance with an embodiment of the invention (footwear configured for a right foot). -
FIG. 2A is side view in elevation of the article of footwear shown inFIG. 1 , showing the medial footwear side. -
FIG. 2B is a side view in elevation of the article of footwear shown inFIG. 1 , showing the lateral footwear side. -
FIG. 2C is a front perspective view of the article of footwear ofFIG. 1 , showing the lateral footwear side. -
FIG. 2D is a front perspective view of the article of footwear shown inFIG. 1 , showing the medial footwear side. -
FIG. 2E is a rear perspective view of the article of footwear shown inFIG. 1 , showing the medial footwear side. -
FIG. 3 is a side view in elevation of the article of footwear shown inFIG. 1 , showing the lateral footwear side and further including a partial cut-out section. -
FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the article of footwear in accordance with the invention, showing the lateral shoe side. -
FIG. 5A is a close-up view (medial shoe side) of the vamp section of the article footwear shown inFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 5B is a close-up view (lateral shoe side) of the vamp section of the article of footwear shown inFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 5C is cross sectional view of the vamp taken alonglines 5C-5C inFIG. 5A . -
FIG. 5D is cross sectional view of the vamp taken alonglines 5D-5D inFIG. 5B . -
FIG. 6A is a front perspective view of the article of footwear ofFIG. 4 , showing the medial shoe side. -
FIG. 6B is a top plan view of the article of footwear ofFIG. 4 . - Like reference numerals have been used to identify like elements throughout this disclosure.
- As described herein with reference to the example embodiment of
FIGS. 1-6 , an article offootwear 100 includes an upper 105 coupled to asole structure 110 and further including aheel counter 115 and a fastening element or fastener 120 (e.g., a lace or cord, which is shown in phantom). In an embodiment, the upper 105 is a textile formed via knitting. Knitting is a process for constructing fabric by interlocking a series of loops (bights) of one or more strands organized in wales and courses. In general, knitting includes warp knitting and weft knitting. In warp knitting, a plurality of strands runs lengthwise in the fabric to make all the loops. - In weft knitting, one continuous strand runs crosswise in the fabric, making all of the loops in one course. Weft knitting includes fabrics formed on both circular knitting and flat knitting machines. With circular knitting machines, the fabric is produced in the form of a tube, with the strands running continuously around the fabric. With a flat knitting machine, the fabric is produced in flat form, the threads alternating back and forth across the fabric. In an embodiment, the upper 105 is formed via flat knitting utilizing stitches including, but not limited to, a plain stitch; a rib stitch, a purl stitch; a missed or float stitch (to produce a float of yarn on the fabric's wrong side); and a tuck stitch (to create an open space in the fabric). The resulting textile includes an interior side (the technical back) and an exterior side (the technical face), each layer being formed of the same or varying strands and/or stitches. By way of example, the knit structure may be a single knit/jersey fabric, a double knit/jersey fabric, and/or a plated fabric (with yarns of different properties are disposed on the face and back). In a specific embodiment, the textile is a double knit fabric formed via a flat knitting process.
- The strands forming the textile (and thus the upper 105) may be any natural or synthetic strands suitable for their described purpose (to form a knit upper). The term “strand” includes one or more filaments organized into a fiber and/or an ordered assemblage of textile fibers having a high ratio of length to diameter and normally used as a unit (e.g., slivers, roving, single yarns, plies yarns, cords, braids, ropes, etc.). In a preferred embodiment, a strand is a yarn, i.e., a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric. A yarn may include a number of fibers twisted together (spun yarn); a number of filaments laid together without twist (a zero-twist yarn); a number of filaments laid together with a degree of twist; and a single filament with or without twist (a monofilament).
- The strands include elastic strands or inelastic strands. An elastic strand is formed of elastomeric material; consequently, by virtue of its composition, the strand possesses the ability to stretch. Accordingly, an elastic strand possesses elasticity and/or recovery, i.e., the ability to stretch/deform under load and recover to immediately after removal of the load. The degree to which fibers, yarn, or cord returns to its original size and shape after deformation indicates how well a fabric recovers. Some specific examples of elastomers are elastic polymers such as elastomeric polyester-polyurethane copolymers. By way of specific example, elastane, a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% of segmented polyurethane, may be utilized.
- In contrast, inelastic strands are not formed of elastomeric material; consequently, by virtue of their composition alone, inelastic strands possess substantially no inherent stretch and recover properties. Hard yarns are a type of inelastic strand. Hard yarns include natural and/or synthetic spun staple yarns, natural and/or synthetic continuous filament yarns, and/or combinations thereof. By way of specific example, natural fibers include cellulosic fibers (e.g., cotton, bamboo) and protein fibers (e.g., wool, silk, and soybean). Synthetic fibers include polyester fibers (poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) fibers), polycaprolactam fibers, poly(hexamethylene adipamide) fibers, acrylic fibers, acetate fibers, rayon fibers, nylon fibers and combinations thereof.
- The strands suitable for forming the upper 105 further include heat sensitive strands. Heat sensitive strands include flowable (fusible) strands and softening. Flowable strands are include polymers that possess a melting and/or glass transition point at which the solid polymer liquefies, generating viscous flow (i.e., becomes molten). In an embodiment, the melting and/or glass transition point of the flowable polymer may be approximately 80° C. to about 150° C. (e.g., 85° C.). Examples of flowable strands include thermoplastic materials such as polyurethanes (i.e., thermoplastic polyurethane or TPU), ethylene vinyl acetates, polyamides (e.g., low melt nylons), and polyesters (e.g., low melt polyester). Preferred examples of melting strands include TPU and polyester. As a strand becomes flowable, it surrounds adjacent strands. Upon cooling, the strands form a rigid interconnected structure that strengthens the textile and/or limits the movement of adjacent strands.
- Softening strands are polymeric strands that possess a softening point (the temperature at which a material softens beyond some arbitrary softness). Many thermoplastic polymers do not have a defined point that marks the transition from solid to fluid. Instead, they become softer as temperature increases. The softening point is measured via the Vicat method (ISO 306 and ASTM D 1525), or via heat deflection test (HDT) (ISO 75 and ASTM D 648). In an embodiment, the softening point of the strand is from approximately 60° C. to approximately 90° C. When softened, the strands become tacky, adhering to adjacent stands. Once cooled, movement of the textile strands is restricted (i.e., the textile at that location stiffens).
- One additional type of heat sensitive strand which may be utilized is a thermosetting strand. Thermosetting strands are generally flexible under ambient conditions, but become irreversibly inflexible upon heating.
- The strands may also include heat insensitive strands. Heat insensitive strands are not sensitive to the processing temperatures experienced by the upper (e.g., during formation and/or use). Accordingly, heat insensitive strands possess a softening, glass transition, or melting point value greater than that of any softening or melting strands present in the textile structure and/or greater than the temperature ranges specified above.
- It should be understood that a strand may be categorized in a combination of the above categories. For example, a polyester yarn may be both a heat insensitive and an inelastic strand, as defined above.
- Referring to
FIGS. 2A-2D , the article offootwear 100 is an athletic shoe (e.g., a running shoe) defining aforefoot region 200A, a midfoot region 200B, and ahindfoot region 200C, as well as amedial side 205A and a lateral side 205B. Theforefoot region 200A generally aligns with the ball and toes of the foot, the midfoot region 200B generally aligns with the arch and instep areas of the foot, and thehindfoot region 200C generally aligns with the heel and ankle areas of the foot. Additionally, themedial side 205A is oriented along the medial (big toe) side of the foot, while the lateral side 205B is oriented along the lateral (little toe) side of the foot. - The upper 105 includes a plurality of sections that cooperate to define the foot cavity. A
heel section 210 includes heel cup configured to align with and cover the calcaneus area of a human foot. Alateral quarter section 215, disposed forward theheel section 210, is oriented on the lateral shoe side 205B. Similarly, amedial quarter section 220, disposed forward theheel section 210, is oriented on themedial shoe side 205A. Avamp section 225 is disposed forward thequarter sections toe cage section 230 is disposed forward the vamp section. The upper 105 may further includes aninstep cover section 240 configured to align and span the instep area of the foot and a planum section or footbed 300 (FIG. 3 ) that engages the planum (bottom) of the foot. - With this configuration, the
heel 210,lateral quarter 215,medial quarter 220,vamp 225,toe cage 230 and planum 300 sections cooperate to form a foot cavity 332 (FIG. 3 ) into which a human foot is inserted by way of an access opening 235 formed cooperatively by theheel 210, the lateral 215 and medial 220 quarters, and theinstep cover 240. - The upper 105 may possess a unitary structure (also called a unibody construction) to minimize the number of seams utilized to form the shape of the upper. That is, the upper 105 may be formed as a one-piece template, each template portion being integral with adjacent template portions. Stated yet another way, each
section - Referring to
FIG. 2C , thelateral quarter section 215 extends from theheel section 210 to thevamp section 225, traveling upward from theplanum section 300 such that the lateral quarter section spans the lateral side of the foot, proximate thehindfoot 200C and midfoot regions 200B. As explained above, thelateral quarter section 215 may be formed integrally (continuous with) with theheel section 210, thevamp section 225, and theplanum section 300. - The
lateral quarter section 215 is adapted to receive a fastener such as a shoe lace. In an embodiment, thelateral quarter 215 includes a plurality of loopedsections sections 245A-245D are linearly spaced, being generally aligned in an array extending longitudinally along theshoe 100. In this manner, each loopedsection 245A-245D is configured to receive the fastener 120 (the shoe lace), movably capturing the fastener therein. The loopedsections 245A-245D, moreover, cooperate with one or more elements disposed on theinstep cover 240 to engage thefastener 120 and secure theshoe 100 to the foot of the wearer (described in greater detail, below). - Referring to
FIGS. 2D & 2E , themedial quarter section 220 extends from theheel 210 to thevamp 225, traveling upward from the planum 300 such that the medial quarter spans the medial side of the foot, proximate thehindfoot 200C and midfoot 200B regions. As explained above, themedial quarter 220 may be seamlessly and/or stitchlessly integrated with each of theheel 210, the vamp, and planum 300 sections of the upper. - The
instep cover 240 is configured to span the dorsum portion of the midfoot (i.e., the instep). Theinstep cover 240 may be formed integrally (stitchlessly and/or seamlessly) with themedial quarter section 220. As best seen inFIG. 3 , theinstep cover 240 defines a forward edge 305 (oriented toward the vamp 225) and arearward edge 310 oriented generally parallel to the forward edge. Theinstep cover 240 further definesdistal edge 315 oriented generally orthogonal to the forward and rearward edges. Theinstep cover 240 generally spans the instep of the foot, extending from themedial shoe side 205A to the lateral shoe side 205B, and extending from thethroat line 250 of thevamp 225 at itsforward edge 305 to the access opening 235 at itsrearward edge 310. As noted above, the access opening 235 is partially defined by therearward edge 310. - The
instep cover 240 may include one or more narrow, elongated openings orslots 260 operable to permit passage of thefastener 120 therethrough. Theinstep cover 240 may also include additional openings orwindows 285 operable to improve airflow into/out of the upper. - The
forefoot region 200A of the upper 105 includes thevamp section 225, which extends forward from thelateral quarter 215 andmedial quarter 220 sections, being formed integrally therewith (e.g., stitchlessly and seamlessly). Thevamp section 225 defines thethroat line 250 within its proximal region andtoe cage 230 within its distal region, the toe cage being configured to span the toes of the foot. - The
vamp 225, moreover, includes a microclimate modulation structure (also called microclimate moderation structure) operable to affect movement of heat, air, and/or moisture (e.g., vapor) within thefoot cavity 332. Thermal comfort is an important factor considered in footwear design. The microclimate of footwear, which contributes to thermal comfort, is influenced by heat and moisture within the foot cavity. Accordingly, moving heat and/or moisture away from the surface of the foot and/or exhausting heat from thefoot cavity 332 optimizes the microclimate which, in turn, optimizes the thermal comfort experienced by the user. - The temperature modulation structure includes strands selected to possess predetermined thermal conductivity values positioned at selected locations within the knit construction of the textile. Specifically, the
temperature modulation structure 400 includes first, high thermal conductivity strands and second, low thermal conductivity strands. High conductivity strands are strands that transfer heat along its length (axis) and/or width (transverse dimension) at a higher rate than low thermal conductivity strands. In an embodiment, high thermal conductivity strands are strands formed (e.g., entirely formed) of material possessing a thermal conductivity value greater than 0.40 W/m K. By way of example, the strands may be formed of high density polyethylene (HDPE, 0.45-0.52 @23 C) and/or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UWMW-PE, 0.42-0.51 W/m K @23 C). - In a further embodiment, high thermal conductivity strand is a strand that possessing an axial thermal conductivity of at least 5 W/m K (e.g., at least 10 W/m K or at least 20 W/m K). The high thermal conductivity strand may be a multifilament fiber such as a gel-spun fiber. By way of specific example, the high conductivity strand is a gel-spun, multifilament fiber produced from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE), which possesses a thermal conductivity value in the axial direction of 20 W/m K.
- The low thermal conductivity strand, in contrast, transfers heat along its length (axis) and/or width (transverse dimension) at a lower rate than that of the high thermal conductivity strand. In an embodiment, the low thermal conductivity strand is formed (e.g., entirely formed) of material possessing a thermal conductivity of no more than 0.40 W/m K. By way of example, the low conductivity strand may be formed of low density polyethylene (LDPE, 0.33 W/m K @23 C), nylon (e.g., nylon 6; nylon 6,6; or nylon 12) (0.23-0.28 W/m K @23° C.), polyester (0.15-0.24 W/m K @23° C.), and/or polypropylene (0.1-0.22 W/m K @23 C).
- In another embodiment, the low thermal conductivity strand possesses an axial thermal conductivity (as measured along its axis) that is less than the axial conductivity of the high conductivity strands. By way of example, the low thermal conductivity strands possess an axial thermal conductivity value of less than 5 W/m K when high thermal conductivity strand possesses a thermal conductivity of greater than 5 W/m K; of less than 10 W/m K when high conductivity strand possesses a thermal conductivity of at least 10 W/m K; and/or less than 20 W/m K when high conductivity strand possesses a thermal conductivity of greater than 20 W/m K. Exemplary low thermal conductivity strands include strands formed of polyester staple fibers (axial thermal conductivity: 1.18 W/m K); polyester filament strands (axial thermal conductivity: 1.26 W/m K); nylon fiber strands (axial thermal conductivity: 1.43 W/m K); polypropylene fiber strands (axial thermal conductivity: 1.24 W/m K); cotton strands (axial thermal conductivity: 2.88 W/m K); wool strands (axial thermal conductivity: 0.48 W/m K); silk strands (axial thermal conductivity: 1.49 W/m K); rayon strands (axial thermal conductivity: 1.41-1.89 W/m K); and aramid strands (axial thermal conductivity: 3.05-4.74 W/m K), as well as combinations thereof.
- The
microclimate modulation structure 400 may further possess a knit construction or structure configured to affect the microclimate of the foot cavity 332 (either independently or in cooperation with the high thermal conductivity strands). Referring toFIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C , themicroclimate modulation structure 400 includes a first construction orportion 405 possessing a first knit construction and a second construction orportion 410 possessing a second knit construction. Thefirst portion 405 forms the central area of thevamp 225, being oriented forward thethroat line 250, with its lateral boundaries generally coextensive therewith, and its forward boundary located proximate thetoe cage 230. Thesecond portion 410 partially surrounds thefirst portion 405, being oriented along the forward, medial, and lateral sides of the first portion. Stated another way, thesecond portion 410 forms thetoe cage 230, thelateral side 415 of thevamp 225, and themedial side 420 of the vamp. As illustrated, thefirst portion 405 is integral with thesecond portion 410 with a seamless and/or stitchless transition therebetween. - Each
portion microclimate modulation structure 400 is independently capable of affecting the movement of heat, air, and/or moisture within the cavity and/or exhausting it from thefoot cavity 332. It should be understood, however, that theportions - Referring to
FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D , thefirst portion 405 of themicroclimate modulation structure 400 includes an exterior layer 505 (technical face) plated with an interior layer 510 (technical back). Theexterior layer 505 includes a plurality of chambers or pockets operable to position heated and/or moist air away from the area immediately surrounding the foot (or sock exterior surface). The pockets are formed viaindentations 515 disposed between the intersection of a plurality of elongated, longitudinal beams orsections 520 extending in a longitudinal or lengthwise direction of the upper 105 (e.g., extending between thethroat line 250 and the toe cage 230) with a plurality of elongated, transverse beams orsections 525 extending transversely to the lengthwise direction of the upper (i.e., betweenlateral 415 and medial 420 sides). - The longitudinal 520 and transverse 525 beams define areas of increased height relative to the
indentations 515. In an embodiment, the height of thebeams indentations 515 is approximately two millimeters or more to provide appropriate spacing of the indentation from theinterior layer 510 and/or foot/sock surface (discussed in greater detail below). By way of specific example, a combination of jersey and float stitches may be utilized to form theindentations 515 andbeams - The knit construction may be configured such that each
indentation 515 formed into the outer side 535 of theexterior layer 505 forms acorresponding beam inner side 540 of the exterior layer. Similarly, eachindentation 515 formed into theinner side 540 of theexterior layer 505 forms acorresponding beam FIG. 5C , thetransverse beams 525 of the outer side 535 definecavities 515 along theinner side 540. Alternatively, the pattern disposed on theinner side 540 may include only thetransverse beams 525, defining anindentation 515 between adjacent rows of beams 520 (i.e., omitting longitudinal beams 520). - Each
indentation 515 forms a pocket or chamber (e.g., a polygonal or rectangular shaped pocket) within theexterior layer 505 along its inner, foot-cavity-facingside 540. Each pocket is oriented in spaced relation from the immediate foot surface (or sock surface) and/or theinterior layer 510. That is, the longitudinal 520 and/ortransverse beams 525 on theinner side 540 act as spacers to maintain a gap between theindentations 515 and the foot (and/or the interior layer 510). With this configuration, the resulting pockets are capable of collecting/capturing heated and/or moist air from the foot cavity 332 (e.g., heat generated by the forefoot portion of the foot) and storing it away from the foot/sock surface, thereby increasing wearer comfort. In operation, heated and/or moist air along the surface of the foot travels upward, away from the foot surface and into the pockets, where it is collected. The moist air may travel through apertures 555 formed into theinterior layer 510 and aligned withindentations 515. The depth of theindentation 515 and height of thebeams 525 may cooperate to create a pocket spaced approximately two millimeters to five millimeters from the foot or sock surface. Moving heated air two millimeters or more from the foot surface improves the microclimate experienced by the wearer. - The
first portion 405 of themicroclimate modulation structure 400 may further include exhaust ports 545 (i.e., openings defined in the knit construction) in fluid communication with thefoot cavity 332. Referring toFIG. 5D , the outer side 535 of theexterior layer 505 may includeexhaust ports 545 positioned along thelongitudinal beam 520, proximate anindentation 515. In an embodiment, a pair ofexhaust ports 545 is aligned across thelongitudinal beam 520 transverse dimension. Stated another way, eachlongitudinal beam 520 extends over thetransverse beams 525 so as to form a bridge-like structure or bridgingportion 550 between pairs of neighboring or consecutively aligned beams, with a transverse channel 547 defined beneath the bridging portion of the beam that communicates with neighboringindentations 515 consecutively aligned on each side of the bridging portion of the beam. Eachlongitudinal beam 520 bridges (via bridging portion 550) the peaks (defined by transverse beams) and valleys (defined by indentations) of thefirst portion 405, with transverse channels 547 extending transversely through/under each longitudinal beam at the indentation. - In addition, the
exterior layer 505 may include vertical channels or passages 552 in communication with the apertures 555 of theinterior layer 510. - With this configuration, movement of fluid (air/vapor) is permitted into and out of the
foot cavity 332. For example, heated and/or moist air collected/captured within the cavity 332 (i.e., within each indentation 515) travels into the passages 542, through vertical channel 552, and along transverse channel 547, escaping via theexhaust ports 545, thereby improving the foot cavity microclimate. - The
interior layer 510, which is exposed to thefoot cavity 332, is a generally planar layer that spans the array ofindentations 515 andbeams layer 510 is generally continuous, and may possess a lower stitch density than that of the exterior layer 505 (e.g., to assist fluid movement therethrough). As noted above, theinterior layer 510 may further include apertures 555 disposed at selected locations that permit passage of fluid (air/vapor). By way of example, each aperture 555 may be generally aligned with a corresponding pocket orindentation 515 along theinterior side 540 of theexterior layer 505. With this configuration, moist or heated air from thefoot cavity 332 passes through the apertures 555 and is directed into thepockets 515 of theexterior layer 505 where it is stored away from the user. - As noted above, the
portions modulation structure 400 are formed of low thermal conductivity strands and high thermal conductivity strands placed at selected locations within the construction. In an embodiment, theinterior layer 510 is formed primarily (e.g., >50%), substantially (e.g., >90%), or completely (100%) of high thermal conductivity strands (with any remainder being low conductivity strands). Theexterior layer 505, in contrast, is formed primarily, substantially, or completely of low thermal conductivity strands. Accordingly, theinterior layer 510 is a thermal conduction layer, being operable to transfer heat at a higher rate than theexterior layer 505. In an embodiment, theinterior layer 510 is formed completely of high thermal conductivity strands and theexterior layer 505 is formed completely of low conductivity strands. - It is believed the above described configuration modulates the comfort of the
shoe 100 by affecting the movement of moisture, airflow, and/or heat within thefoot cavity 332. In operation, heat and water vapor generated by the foot are released into thefoot cavity 332, traveling upward, toward thefirst portion 405 of themicroclimate modulation structure 400. The heat and/or water vapor contacts theinterior layer 510, which, being formed of high thermal conductivity strands, conducts heat along its volume (its surface area), spreading the heat over a wide surface area to prevent the formation of hot spots and to disperse the heat. In addition, theinterior layer 510 draws water vapor away from the foot via the capillary action of the knit structure. Heat and/or water vapor, furthermore, pass through the apertures 555 of theinterior layer 510. Once past theinterior layer 110, heat and/or vapor are either received by theindentations 515 of theexterior layer 505, being temporarily stored away from the surface of the foot/sock. Additionally, the heat and/or vapor may be exhausted from thefoot cavity 332 viaexhaust ports 545. - As noted above, the
second portion 410 of themicroclimate modulation structure 400 surrounds thefirst portion 405, extending along the lateral 415 and medial 420 sides of thevamp section 225, terminating proximate thethroat line 250 at its rear, and extending forward to thetoe cage 230. In an embodiment, thesecond portion 410 includes a plurality of ribs and channels spaced along the technical face (exterior side) and/or the technical back (interior side) of the upper 105. Specifically, referring toFIGS. 4, 6A and 6B , the second portion possesses a double knit construction including by rib (e.g., 2×1 rib) and float (e.g., float single jacquard) stitches. To defineintegrated interior 610 and exterior 615 layers. The stitches are located to create a series of raised ribs orbands 625 separated bysurface channels 630. By way of example, the rib stitches and float stitches are disposed at selected locations to form alternatingbands 625 andchannels 630 within each layer, the bands being oriented longitudinally along the upper (i.e., the bands extend lengthwise, fromthroat line 250 to toe cage 230). Specifically, thebands 625 are formed via rib stitches, while thechannels 630 are formed via float stitches (where connected loops of the same course are not in adjacent wales). - As with the
first portion 405, thesecond portion 410 includes strands possessing relatively higher and lower thermal conductivity values disposed at selected positions within the construction. For example, the high thermal conductivity strands may be located within theinner layer 610 of the knit structure, or may be located in one or both of the exterior 615 and interior 610 layers of the structure. In an embodiment, the knit construction is configured such that theexterior layer 615 is formed primarily, substantially, or completely of low thermal conductivity strands and theinterior layer 610 is formed primarily, substantially, or completely formed of high thermal conductivity strands. - It should be understood, however, that the amount of high thermal conductivity strands present within the
second portion 410 of themicroclimate modulation structure 410 may be any suitable for its described purpose. In an embodiment, the highthermal conductivity strand 615 forms at least 25% (e.g., at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, etc.) of the second portion 410 (e.g., at least 25% of the strands forming the second portion are high thermal conductivity strands; or at least 25% of the overall strand weight of the second portion is due to the high thermal conductivity strands). In a further embodiment, the high thermal conductivity strands represent no more than 60% of the strands forming the second portion 410 (e.g., the high thermal conductivity strands form 25%-60% of the second portion). - In addition, the knit construction selectively exposes strands forming the
interior layer 615 through theexterior layer 610 and, accordingly, the ambient environment. As noted above, each of the exterior 610 and interior 615 layers includes continuous strands forming courses along the crosswise textile direction. The stitches may be selected such that a continuous strand forming theinterior layer 615 is exposed at selected locations along the strand length, and vice versa. By way of specific example, selectively placing float stitches within theexterior layer 610 further including ribbing selectively exposes the strand forming the interior layer 610 (technical back, also called the inside loop). With this configuration, the strand possessing high thermal conductivity forming the inner layer (technical back) is selectively exposed, appearing as a transverse bridge between the longitudinal bands of ribbing. Stated another way, and as best seen inFIG. 4 , eachsurface channel 630 includeswindows 635 exposinginterior layer 610. Each window is defined by adjacentknitted bars 640 extending transversely across thechannel 630. - In operation, it is believed multiple independent and/or cooperating mechanisms occur to affect the foot cavity microclimate. Specifically, heat and/or water vapor generated by the foot travels toward the
second portion 410. The heat and/or water are either directed along thechannels 630, or contact the high thermal conductivity strands. Thechannels 630 encourage the movement of air, aiding in creating a cooling sensation. In addition, the high thermal conductivity strands transfer heat, spreading it along their lengths such that heat is spread over a wide surface area. The strands of thefirst portion 405, furthermore, are in communication with the strands of thesecond portion 410. Accordingly, heat from the first portion is spread across the second portion, and vice versa. Finally, the portions of the high thermal conductivity strand exposed along theexterior layer 610 permits escape of heat absorbed by the high thermal conductivity strand to the ambient environment. - With specific regard to water vapor, hydrophobic, high thermal conductivity strands such as strands formed of UHMW-PE do not absorb water. Accordingly, it is believed that any water vapor present in the cavity contacts the strand, where it is drawn away from the
foot cavity 332 via capillary action within the knit structure. - The
sole structure 110 comprises a durable, wear-resistant component configured to provide cushioning as theshoe 100 impacts the ground. In certain embodiments, thesole structure 110 may include a midsole and an outsole. In additional embodiments, thesole structure 110 can further include an insole that is disposed between the midsole and the upper 105 when theshoe 100 is assembled. In other embodiments, thesole structure 110 may be a unitary and/or one-piece structure. As can be seen, e.g., in the exploded view ofFIG. 1 , thesole structure 110 includes an upper facingside 125 and an opposing, ground-facingside 130. The upper facingside 125 may include a generally planar surface and a curved rim or wall that defines the sole perimeter for contacting thebottom surface 135 of the upper 105. The ground-facingside 130 of thesole structure 110 can also define a generally planar surface and can further be textured and/or include ground-engaging or traction elements (e.g., as part of the outsole of the sole structure) to enhance traction of theshoe 100 on different types of terrains and depending upon a particular purpose in which the shoe is to be implemented. The ground-facingside 130 of thesole structure 110 can also include one or more recesses formed therein, such as indentations or grooves extending in a lengthwise direction of thesole structure 110 and/or transverse the lengthwise direction of the sole structure, where the recesses can provide a number of enhanced properties for the sole structure (e.g., flexure/pivotal bending along grooves to enhance flexibility of the sole structure during use). - The
sole structure 110 may be formed of a single material or may be formed of a plurality of materials. In example embodiments in which the sole structure includes a midsole and an outsole, the midsole may be formed of one or more materials including, without limitation, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), an EVA blended with one or more of an EVA modifier, a polyolefin block copolymer, and a triblock copolymer, and a polyether block amide. The outsole may be formed of one or more materials including, without limitation, elastomers (e.g., thermoplastic polyurethane), siloxanes, natural rubber, and synthetic rubber. - While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. For example, while most of the example embodiments depicted in the figures show an article of footwear (shoe) configured for a right foot, it is noted that the same or similar features can also be provided for an article of footwear (shoe) configured for a left foot (where such features of the left footed shoe are reflection or “mirror image” symmetrical in relation to the right footed shoe).
- While the figures depict the first
microclimate modulation structure 400 as being located in thevamp 225 region of theshoe 100 proximate the instep of the upper 105, it should be understood that the first structure may be located at any location suitable for its described purpose. - Within the knit structure, various stitches may be used to provide
different sections - The dimensions (e.g., length, width, and depth), spacing, geometric shape and pattern of the
indentations 515, thelongitudinal beams 520, and/or thetransverse beams 525 can vary for different embodiments to provide different aesthetic and/or heat transfer effects for the upper 105. - Stitching may be utilized to connect sections of the upper together. In addition, a thermoplastic film may be utilized to reinforce seams, replace stitching, and/or prevent fraying. For example, seam tape available from Bemis Associates, Inc. (Shirley, Mass.) may be utilized.
- Instead of an
instep cover 240, the upper 105 may include a conventional tongue including a longitudinally extending member free on its lateral and medial sides. - It is to be understood that terms such as “top”, “bottom”, “front”, “rear”, “side”, “height”, “length”, “width”, “upper”, “lower”, “interior”, “exterior”, “inner”, “outer”, and the like as may be used herein, merely describe points of reference and do not limit the present invention to any particular orientation or configuration.
- Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (17)
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- 2016-05-06 WO PCT/US2016/031093 patent/WO2016182870A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-05-06 US US15/147,943 patent/US20160324269A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-05-06 CN CN201690000952.6U patent/CN208658057U/en active Active
- 2016-05-06 CN CN201820280977.7U patent/CN208463051U/en active Active
- 2016-05-09 US US15/149,610 patent/US10051918B2/en active Active
- 2016-05-09 US US15/149,596 patent/US20170020226A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-05-09 US US15/149,602 patent/US20170020229A1/en active Pending
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2020
- 2020-08-04 US US16/984,346 patent/US20210052038A1/en active Pending
- 2020-09-08 US US17/014,122 patent/US11857028B2/en active Active
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2023
- 2023-11-20 US US18/513,792 patent/US20240197039A1/en active Pending
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USD794938S1 (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2017-08-22 | Under Armour, Inc. | Shoe upper |
USD795556S1 (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2017-08-29 | Under Armour, Inc. | Shoe upper |
USD809266S1 (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2018-02-06 | Under Armour, Inc. | Shoe upper |
USD838956S1 (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2019-01-29 | Under Armour, Inc. | Shoe upper |
Also Published As
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US20240197039A1 (en) | 2024-06-20 |
US20170020229A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
US20210052038A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
CN208463051U (en) | 2019-02-05 |
EP3294084A4 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
WO2016182870A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
US20200397095A1 (en) | 2020-12-24 |
US20170020230A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
EP3294084A1 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
CN208658057U (en) | 2019-03-29 |
US20160324269A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
US11857028B2 (en) | 2024-01-02 |
US10051918B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 |
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