US20160195018A1 - Turbine last stage rotor blade with forced driven cooling air - Google Patents

Turbine last stage rotor blade with forced driven cooling air Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160195018A1
US20160195018A1 US14/512,070 US201414512070A US2016195018A1 US 20160195018 A1 US20160195018 A1 US 20160195018A1 US 201414512070 A US201414512070 A US 201414512070A US 2016195018 A1 US2016195018 A1 US 2016195018A1
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rotor
cooling air
turbine
blade
rotor blade
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US14/512,070
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US9810151B2 (en
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Joseph D. Brostmeyer
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Florida Turbine Technologies Inc
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Assigned to FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. reassignment FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BROSTMEYER, JOSEPH D
Assigned to FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. reassignment FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BROSTMEYER, JOSEPH D
Assigned to SUNTRUST BANK reassignment SUNTRUST BANK SUPPLEMENT NO. 1 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: CONSOLIDATED TURBINE SPECIALISTS LLC, ELWOOD INVESTMENTS LLC, FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES INC., FTT AMERICA, LLC, KTT CORE, INC., S&J DESIGN LLC, TURBINE EXPORT, INC.
Assigned to TRUIST BANK, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT reassignment TRUIST BANK, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC., GICHNER SYSTEMS GROUP, INC., KRATOS ANTENNA SOLUTIONS CORPORATON, KRATOS INTEGRAL HOLDINGS, LLC, KRATOS TECHNOLOGY & TRAINING SOLUTIONS, INC., KRATOS UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS, INC., MICRO SYSTEMS, INC.
Assigned to KTT CORE, INC., FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC., FTT AMERICA, LLC, CONSOLIDATED TURBINE SPECIALISTS, LLC reassignment KTT CORE, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TRUIST BANK (AS SUCCESSOR BY MERGER TO SUNTRUST BANK), COLLATERAL AGENT
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
    • F01D5/081—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades
    • F01D5/082—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades on the side of the rotor disc
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F05D2220/321—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage
    • F05D2220/3215—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage the last stage of the turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/14—Casings or housings protecting or supporting assemblies within
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas turbine engine, and more specifically to cooling of the turbine blades in the turbine section of the engine.
  • Gas turbine engines include stationary vanes and rotating blades in the turbine section that have cooling fluid passages therein.
  • the cooling fluid is usually air
  • the supply for cooling air is usually from the compressor of the gas turbine engine.
  • the first, second and third stage turbine blades are usually cooled by air supplied from the compressor at various pressures.
  • the cooling air is exhausted to the gas stream from cooling holes in the blades.
  • the first stage blade operates under higher pressures, and therefore requires a cooling fluid supply having such a pressure that the flow can be exhausted into the gas stream.
  • the second and third stage blades also require compressed cooling air in order to exhaust the cooling air into the gas stream.
  • the last stage blade operates under the lowest gas stream pressure, and therefore requires the lowest cooling air pressure of all the stages. Using compressed air supplied from the compressor for the last stage blades waists compressed air and decreases the overall efficiency of the turbine engine.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 7,677,048 issued to Brostmeyer et al. on Mar. 16, 2010 and entitled TURBINE LAST STAGE BLADE WITH FORCED VORTEX DRIVEN COOLING AIR discloses a turbine with a last stage rotor blade having a cooling air passage and a cover plate having a plurality of blades that is secured over a side of the rotor disk. Rotation of the rotor also rotates the cover plate and the blades within that draw air from ambient and forces the cooling air through the blade cooling air passage for cooling of the blade. This design does not produce enough pressure in the cooling air to provide adequate cooling for the last stage rotor blades of the turbine.
  • the present invention is directed to an industrial gas turbine engine in which the last stage row of blades is cooled by driving cooling air through the blades, where the cooling air is supplied from the ambient air outside of the turbine and pumped through the blade by a centrifugal force (forced vortex flow) applied to the cooling air flow by the rotation of the blade row, or with the aid of an impeller that is secured to a rotor disk of the last stage rotor and blade assembly that also rotates with the last stage row of blades.
  • a centrifugal force forced vortex flow
  • the impeller is a centrifugal compressor with an axial inlet and a radial outlet and draws ambient pressure air into the inlet and compressed the air and discharges compressed air into a rim cavity, where the compressed air then flows into a cooling air passage formed within the last stage rotor blade for cooling. The cooling air is then exhausted into the gas stream of the turbine engine
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section view of a last stage rotor blade of a turbine with a centrifugal compressor secured to the rotor disk according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section view of an industrial gas turbine engine driving an electric generator.
  • a gas turbine engine includes a plurality of stages in the turbine section, each stage including a stationary vane to direct the gas stream onto a stage of rotating blades. It is usual to provide for cooling air passages in the first, second and third stages of the turbine to cool the vanes and blades. The last or fourth stage of the turbine is sometimes not cooled with air passing through the vanes or blades because the gas stream temperature has dropped low enough such that cooling is not needed.
  • FIG. 2 shows an industrial gas turbine engine with a compressor 23 connected to a turbine 24 , a combustor 25 , and an electric generator 26 connected to the compressor end of the engine.
  • the gas turbine engine in FIG. 1 shows the present invention and includes a rotor 11 with a blade 12 extending outward to form a last stage of a turbine of a gas turbine engine, an internal cooling air passage 13 with an inlet opening into a rim cavity 18 and an outlet discharging through a blade tip of the blade, a platform 14 , a static casing 15 , and labyrinth seal 17 extending from the rotor 11 and forming a seal with the stationary casing 15 , an impeller 21 with a blade 22 , and a shroud 16 secured to the stationary casing 15 and enclosing the blades 22 of the impeller 21 .
  • the impeller 21 is secured to the rotor 11 so that both impeller 21 and rotor 11 rotate together.
  • the rotor blade 12 includes a cooling air circuit to provide cooling for the blade.
  • the cooling circuit could be one or more straight radial flow channels or a complex cooling circuit with a serpentine flow cooling channel.
  • Rotation of the rotor 11 also rotates the impeller 21 and thus forces cooling air from the ambient atmosphere and into the axial inlet when the air is compressed and discharged out the radial outlets and into the rim cavity 18 .
  • the compressed cooling air then enters the internal cooling passage 13 of the rotor blade where the compressed cooling air is forced up through the blade cooling air passage 13 due to rotation of the rotor blade 12 .
  • the cooling air can be discharged from the rotor blade at blade tip cooling holes or any other well-known airfoil discharge.
  • the impeller 21 also pressurizes the cooling air within the rim cavity 18 , and thus prevents hot gas from the main stream flow from entering the rim cavity 18 .
  • the pressurized cooling air used for the cooling of the rotor blade 12 is also used to improve the labyrinth seal 17 for the rim cavity 18 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

A turbine of a gas turbine engine with a rotor and a stator forming a rim cavity, where the rotor includes a turbine rotor blade with a cooling air channel opening into the rim cavity, and a centrifugal impeller rotatably connected to the rotor in which the centrifugal impeller discharges pressurized cooling air into the rim cavity to improve the rim cavity seal and to supply pressurized cooling air to the rotor blade cooling air channel.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application claims the benefit to U.S. Provisional Application 61/869,675 filed on Aug. 24, 2013 and entitled TURBINE LAST STAGE ROTOR BLADE WITH FORCED DRIVEN COOLING AIR.
    • GOVERNMENT LICENSE RIGHTS
  • None.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention
  • The present invention relates to a gas turbine engine, and more specifically to cooling of the turbine blades in the turbine section of the engine.
  • Description of the Related Art including information disclosed under 37 CFR 1.97 and 1.98
  • Gas turbine engines include stationary vanes and rotating blades in the turbine section that have cooling fluid passages therein. The cooling fluid is usually air, and the supply for cooling air is usually from the compressor of the gas turbine engine. In an industrial gas turbine engine such as the large frame heavy duty engines used for electric power production, the first, second and third stage turbine blades are usually cooled by air supplied from the compressor at various pressures. The cooling air is exhausted to the gas stream from cooling holes in the blades. The first stage blade operates under higher pressures, and therefore requires a cooling fluid supply having such a pressure that the flow can be exhausted into the gas stream. The second and third stage blades also require compressed cooling air in order to exhaust the cooling air into the gas stream. The last stage blade operates under the lowest gas stream pressure, and therefore requires the lowest cooling air pressure of all the stages. Using compressed air supplied from the compressor for the last stage blades waists compressed air and decreases the overall efficiency of the turbine engine.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 7,677,048 issued to Brostmeyer et al. on Mar. 16, 2010 and entitled TURBINE LAST STAGE BLADE WITH FORCED VORTEX DRIVEN COOLING AIR discloses a turbine with a last stage rotor blade having a cooling air passage and a cover plate having a plurality of blades that is secured over a side of the rotor disk. Rotation of the rotor also rotates the cover plate and the blades within that draw air from ambient and forces the cooling air through the blade cooling air passage for cooling of the blade. This design does not produce enough pressure in the cooling air to provide adequate cooling for the last stage rotor blades of the turbine.
    • BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention is directed to an industrial gas turbine engine in which the last stage row of blades is cooled by driving cooling air through the blades, where the cooling air is supplied from the ambient air outside of the turbine and pumped through the blade by a centrifugal force (forced vortex flow) applied to the cooling air flow by the rotation of the blade row, or with the aid of an impeller that is secured to a rotor disk of the last stage rotor and blade assembly that also rotates with the last stage row of blades. The impeller is a centrifugal compressor with an axial inlet and a radial outlet and draws ambient pressure air into the inlet and compressed the air and discharges compressed air into a rim cavity, where the compressed air then flows into a cooling air passage formed within the last stage rotor blade for cooling. The cooling air is then exhausted into the gas stream of the turbine engine
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section view of a last stage rotor blade of a turbine with a centrifugal compressor secured to the rotor disk according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section view of an industrial gas turbine engine driving an electric generator.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • A gas turbine engine includes a plurality of stages in the turbine section, each stage including a stationary vane to direct the gas stream onto a stage of rotating blades. It is usual to provide for cooling air passages in the first, second and third stages of the turbine to cool the vanes and blades. The last or fourth stage of the turbine is sometimes not cooled with air passing through the vanes or blades because the gas stream temperature has dropped low enough such that cooling is not needed. FIG. 2 shows an industrial gas turbine engine with a compressor 23 connected to a turbine 24, a combustor 25, and an electric generator 26 connected to the compressor end of the engine.
  • The gas turbine engine in FIG. 1 shows the present invention and includes a rotor 11 with a blade 12 extending outward to form a last stage of a turbine of a gas turbine engine, an internal cooling air passage 13 with an inlet opening into a rim cavity 18 and an outlet discharging through a blade tip of the blade, a platform 14, a static casing 15, and labyrinth seal 17 extending from the rotor 11 and forming a seal with the stationary casing 15, an impeller 21 with a blade 22, and a shroud 16 secured to the stationary casing 15 and enclosing the blades 22 of the impeller 21. The impeller 21 is secured to the rotor 11 so that both impeller 21 and rotor 11 rotate together.
  • The rotor blade 12 includes a cooling air circuit to provide cooling for the blade. The cooling circuit could be one or more straight radial flow channels or a complex cooling circuit with a serpentine flow cooling channel. Rotation of the rotor 11 also rotates the impeller 21 and thus forces cooling air from the ambient atmosphere and into the axial inlet when the air is compressed and discharged out the radial outlets and into the rim cavity 18. The compressed cooling air then enters the internal cooling passage 13 of the rotor blade where the compressed cooling air is forced up through the blade cooling air passage 13 due to rotation of the rotor blade 12. The cooling air can be discharged from the rotor blade at blade tip cooling holes or any other well-known airfoil discharge.
  • The impeller 21 also pressurizes the cooling air within the rim cavity 18, and thus prevents hot gas from the main stream flow from entering the rim cavity 18. Thus, the pressurized cooling air used for the cooling of the rotor blade 12 is also used to improve the labyrinth seal 17 for the rim cavity 18.

Claims (5)

I claim the following:
1: A gas turbine engine comprising:
a turbine with a rotor and a stator;
a turbine rotor blade extending from the rotor;
a centrifugal impeller rotatably connected to the rotor;
a rim cavity formed between the rotor and the stator;
a seal formed between the rotor and the stator to form a seal between the rim cavity and a hot gas path through the turbine;
a cooling air channel formed in the rotor and the turbine rotor blade with an opening into the rim cavity; and,
the centrifugal impeller located on the rotor such that rotation of the rotor and centrifugal impeller discharges pressurized cooling air into the rim cavity and then through the cooling air channel formed in the rotor and turbine rotor blade.
2: The gas turbine engine of claim 1, and further comprising:
the cooling air channel formed in the turbine rotor blade discharges at a blade tip.
3: The gas turbine engine of claim 1, and further comprising:
the seal is a labyrinth seal.
4: The gas turbine engine of claim 1, and further comprising:
a shroud secured to the stationary casing and enclosing blades of the centrifugal impeller.
5: The gas turbine engine of claim 1, and further comprising:
the rotor with the centrifugal impeller is a last stage rotor of the turbine.
US14/512,070 2013-08-24 2014-10-10 Turbine last stage rotor blade with forced driven cooling air Active 2035-03-29 US9810151B2 (en)

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US14/512,070 US9810151B2 (en) 2013-08-24 2014-10-10 Turbine last stage rotor blade with forced driven cooling air

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110529196A (en) * 2019-07-12 2019-12-03 于魁江 A kind of novel wheel-type acting device
CN110552916A (en) * 2019-09-22 2019-12-10 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 Vibration damping structure
US11199135B2 (en) * 2018-04-18 2021-12-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Gas turbine system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4309147A (en) * 1979-05-21 1982-01-05 General Electric Company Foreign particle separator
US5232335A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-08-03 General Electric Company Interstage thermal shield retention system
US7458766B2 (en) * 2004-11-12 2008-12-02 Rolls-Royce Plc Turbine blade cooling system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4309147A (en) * 1979-05-21 1982-01-05 General Electric Company Foreign particle separator
US5232335A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-08-03 General Electric Company Interstage thermal shield retention system
US7458766B2 (en) * 2004-11-12 2008-12-02 Rolls-Royce Plc Turbine blade cooling system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11199135B2 (en) * 2018-04-18 2021-12-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Gas turbine system
CN110529196A (en) * 2019-07-12 2019-12-03 于魁江 A kind of novel wheel-type acting device
CN110552916A (en) * 2019-09-22 2019-12-10 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 Vibration damping structure

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