US20160030345A1

US20160030345A1 - Core Compositions

Info

Publication number: US20160030345A1
Application number: US14/814,795
Authority: US
Inventors: Der-Yang Lee; Timothy Kutch
Original assignee: Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc
Current assignee: Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc
Priority date: 2014-08-01
Filing date: 2015-07-31
Publication date: 2016-02-04
Also published as: CN106794142A; CA2956947A1; RU2017106094A; EP3174527A1; CA2956947C; WO2016019252A1; BR112017001958A2; EP3174527B1

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a process for adsorbing an active pharmaceutical ingredient onto a substrate, comprising the steps of (a) adding and mixing an inert adsorbent to a non-solid form comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient, thereby forming a mixture; and (b) drying the mixture to form a solid crumbly material.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority of the benefits of the filing of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/032,029, filed Aug. 1, 2014, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a composition and method for adsorbing an active pharmaceutical ingredient onto an inert adsorbent.
Various methods have been used to improve drug delivery of a dosage form. For example, various polymer systems have been tried. The end result has not always been always been favorable and has at times led to poor dissolution or release of the active ingredient.
For example, there is great desire to improve the drug delivery for anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, such as steroidal anti-inflammatories, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). Often this means fast acting and/or long lasting pain relief. However, achieving these characteristics is difficult.
There is therefore a need for an improved method for loading an active ingredient onto an inert substrate, which does not hinder the release of the active ingredient. The present invention provides such means.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a process for adsorbing an active pharmaceutical ingredient onto a substrate, comprising the steps of (a) adding and mixing an inert adsorbent to a non-solid form comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient, thereby forming a mixture; and (b) drying the mixture to form a solid crumbly material.
In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a process for adsorbing sodium ibuprofen dihydrate onto a substrate, comprising the steps of (a) adding and mixing an inert adsorbent to a non-solid form comprising the sodium ibuprofen dihydrate, thereby forming a mixture; and (b) drying the mixture to form a solid crumbly material.
The present invention also includes a method of taste masking a sodium ibuprofen dosage form. The method comprising the steps of adsorbing sodium ibuprofen dihydrate onto a substrate, comprising the steps of (a) adding and mixing an inert adsorbent to a non-solid form comprising the sodium ibuprofen dihydrate, thereby forming a mixture; and (b) drying the mixture to form a solid crumbly material.
The present invention also includes a method of reducing a sensation of burning in the mouth or throat of a subject when swallowing an ibuprofen dosage form. The method comprising the steps of (1) providing the subject with a sodium ibuprofen dosage form, wherein the sodium ibuprofen dosage form is made by adsorbing sodium ibuprofen dihydrate onto a substrate, comprising the steps of (a) adding and mixing an inert adsorbent to a non-solid form comprising the sodium ibuprofen dihydrate, thereby forming a mixture; and (b) drying the mixture to form a solid crumbly material; and (2) instructing the subject to swallow the sodium ibuprofen dosage form of step (1).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graph depicting the dissolution results of Core Formula A versus Advil® Film-Coated Tablet (powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology) in 0.25% SLS/0.1N HCl;

FIG. 2 is a graph depicting the dissolution results of Core Formula B and C versus Advil® Film-Coated Tablet (powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology) in FaSSGF Biorelevant pH 1.6 Media;

FIG. 3 is a graph depicting the average dissolution results of Core Formula B and C versus Advil® Film-Coated Tablet (powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology) in FaSSGF Biorelevant pH 1.6 Media;

FIG. 4 is a graph depicting the dissolution results of Core Formula D and E versus Advil® Film-Coated Tablet (powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology) in FeSSGF Biorelevant pH 5.0 Media; and

FIG. 5 is a graph depicting the average dissolution results of Core Formula D and E versus Advil® Film-Coated Tablet (powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology) in FeSSGF Biorelevant pH 5.0 Media.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a method for adsorbing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (e.g., sodium ibuprofen dihydrate) onto an inert adsorbent.
In particular, the present invention relates to a process for adsorbing an active pharmaceutical ingredient onto a substrate, comprising the steps of (a) adding and mixing an inert adsorbent to a non-solid form comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient, thereby forming a mixture; and (b) drying the mixture to form a solid crumbly material.
Any suitable means for mixing may be used to mix the inert adsorbent to the non-solid form. For example, the inert adsorbent may be added to the non-solid dry form in a mixing kettle using an impeller mixer.
Additionally, if so desired, the process may include the step of adding additional active pharmaceutical ingredient to the mixture prior to drying the mixture. This optional step would further add to the drug loading.
The resulting mixture may be further subjected to a wet screening step. The wet screening step helps spread out the mixture, which facilitates drying, and may also help reduce the particle size of the mixture of the resulting solid crumbly material.
Drying of the mixture is performed using any suitable means. For example, the mixture may be air dried, oven dried, or fluid bed drying.
In addition, the solid crumbly material may be further processed to reduce the particle size of the material. Any suitable process may be used to reduce the particle size.
For example, the particle size reduction apparatus may be a dry screening apparatus.
In addition, a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide, may be added before, after or during the particle size reduction step.
Afterward, the resulting material may be compressed to form a core.
The non-solid form may be, for example, a solution, a suspension, an emulsion, a paste, or slurry. Additionally, the non-solid form may be aqueous based, solvent based or lipid based.
In one embodiment, the adsorption is performed at temperatures ranging from about 50° C. to about 80° C., preferably, from about 50° C. to about 60° C. The range of drug potency was 40-95%.
The active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) may be any active pharmaceutical ingredient. For example, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, antipyretics, antihistamines, decongestants, cough suppressants and expectorants, muscle relaxants, stimulants, sedatives, appetite suppressants, anesthetics, statins, and the like.
The active ingredient may be, for example, acetaminophen, aspirin, naproxen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, diclofenac, cyclobenzaprine, meloxicam, rofecoxib, celecoxib, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, isomers, and mixtures thereof and combinations thereof. Other suitable active ingredients for use as the second active ingredient in this invention include analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, antiarthritics, anesthetics, antihistamines, antitussives, antibiotics, anti-infective agents, antivirals, anticoagulants, antidepressants, antidiabetic agents, antiemetics, antiflatulents, antifungals, antispasmodics, appetite suppressants, bronchodilators, cardiovascular agents, central nervous system agents, central nervous system stimulants, decongestants, oral contraceptives, diuretics, expectorants, gastrointestinal agents, migraine preparations, motion sickness products, mucolytics, muscle relaxants, osteoporosis preparations, polydimethylsiloxanes, respiratory agents, sleep-aids, urinary tract agents and mixtures thereof.
Examples of suitable analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and antipyretics include, but are not limited to, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as propionic acid derivatives (e.g., sodium ibuprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, fenbufen, fenoprofen, indoprofen, ketoprofen, fluprofen, pirprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin, pranoprofen, benzydamine and suprofen) and COX inhibitors such as celecoxib; acetaminophen; acetyl salicylic acid; acetic acid derivatives such as indomethacin, diclofenac, sulindac, and tolmetin; fenamic acid derivatives such as mefanamic acid, meclofenamic acid, and flufenamic acid; biphenylcarbodylic acid derivatives such as diflunisal and flufenisal; and oxicams such as piroxicam, sudoxicam, isoxicam, and meloxicam; isomers thereof; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.
Examples of antihistamines and decongestants, include, but are not limited to, bromopheniramine, chlorcyclizine, dexbrompheniramine, bromhexane, phenindamine, pheniramine, pyrilamine, thonzylamine, pripolidine, ephedrine, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, astemizole, terfenadine, fexofenadine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, montelukast, propylhexadrine, triprolidine, clemastine, acrivastine, promethazine, oxomemazine, mequitazine, buclizine, bromhexine, ketotifen, terfenadine, ebastine, oxatamide, xylomeazoline, loratadine, desloratadine, and cetirizine; isomers thereof; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
Examples of cough suppressants and expectorants include, but are not limited to, diphenhydramine, dextromethorphan, noscapine, clophedianol, menthol, benzonatate, ethylmorphone, codeine, acetylcysteine, carbocisteine, ambroxol, belladona alkaloids, sobrenol, guaiacol, and guaifenesin; isomers thereof; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.
Examples of muscle relaxants include, but are not limited to, cyclobenzaprine and chlorzoxazonemetaxalone, orphenadrine, and methocarbamol; isomers thereof; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.
Examples of stimulants include, but are not limited to, caffeine.
Examples of sedatives include, but are not limited to sleep aids such as antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), eszopiclone, and zolpidem, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.
Examples of appetite suppressants include, but are not limited to, phenylpropanolamine, phentermine, and diethylcathinone, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.
Examples of anesthetics (e.g., for the treatment of sore throat) include, but are not limited to dyclonine, benzocaine, and pectin and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.
Examples of suitable statins include but are not limited to atorvastin, rosuvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, simvustatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.
Examples of suitable gastrointestinal agents include antacids such as calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate; stimulant laxatives, such as bisacodyl, cascara sagrada, danthron, senna, phenolphthalein, aloe, castor oil, ricinoleic acid, and dehydrocholic acid, and mixtures thereof; H2 receptor antagonists, such as famotidine, ranitidine, cimetadine, nizatidine; proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole or lansoprazole; gastrointestinal cytoprotectives, such as sucraflate and misoprostol; gastrointestinal prokinetics, such as prucalopride, antibiotics for H. pylori, such as clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and metronidazole; antidiarrheals, such as diphenoxylate and loperamide; glycopyrrolate; antiemetics, such as ondansetron, analgesics, such as mesalamine, and racecadotril and derivatives thereof.
In one embodiment of the invention, the active ingredient may be selected from pseudoephedrine, pheylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, astemizole, terfenadine, fexofenadine, loratadine, desloratadine, cetirizine, mixtures thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, isomers, acetaminophen, nicotine, ranitidine, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, loperamide, famotidine, calcium carbonate, simethicone, methocarbomal, chlophedianol, ascorbic acid, pectin, dyclonine, benzocaine and menthol, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment, the API has a solubility greater than about 1 mg/ml. In another embodiment, the API has a solubility greater than about 20 mg/ml. In yet another embodiment, the API has a solubility greater than about 50 mg/ml. In still yet another embodiment, the API has a solubility greater than about 100 mg/ml. In still yet another embodiment, the API has a solubility greater than about 200 mg/ml. In still yet another embodiment, the API has a solubility greater than about 250 mg/ml. All of the above solubilities are referenced at room temperature.
The resulting material may be compressed to form cores. The amount of API in the core will depend on the API itself and the desired dosage level. Preferably, the core has about 1 mg to about 500 mg, and more preferably, about 1 mg to about 400 mg of the API. Even more preferably, the core has 50 mg to about 400 mg, and still even more preferably, about 150 mg to about 400 mg of the API.
The inert adsorbent is, for example, laponite, bentonite, clays, magnesium aluminosilicate (Veegum® supplied by Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC), magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin®), porous calcium silicate, and dicalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate, mesoporous silica (Syloid®), and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment, the inert adsorbent is mesoporous silica, which has a higher bulk density and uniform particle size distribution as compared to fumed silica with a unique morphology. Mesoporous silica may be sourced from W.R. Grace and Company of Maryland, which markets its product under the tradename SYLOID®.
In another embodiment, the inert adsorbent is magnesium aluminometasilicate, such as Neusilin® US2. Neusilin® US2 is a fine ultralight granule of magnesium aluminometasilicate and is a multifunctional excipient that can be used in pharmaceuticals. It has a large surface area and porous nature, and is capable of adsorbing high amounts of oils or water. Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan markets Neusilin® US2.
The core includes from about 5 to about 95 weight percent (wt. %) of the inert adsorbent.
In one embodiment, the core includes from about 5 to about 90 wt. % of the inert adsorbent. Preferably, the core includes from about 5 to about 75 wt. % of the inert adsorbent. More preferably, the core includes from about 5 to about 50 wt. % of the inert adsorbent. Even more preferably, the core includes from about 5 to about 20 wt. % of the inert adsorbent.
In an alternative embodiment, the core includes from about 50 to about 95 wt. % of the inert adsorbent. Preferably, the core includes from about 50 to about 90 wt. % of the inert adsorbent. More preferably, the core includes from about 75 to about 90 wt. % of the inert adsorbent.
In one embodiment, the dried solid crumbly material of the present invention may be used in a core. The core may be compressed in the form of a tablet or as at least one layer of a multilayer tablet. In another embodiment the dried solid crumbly material may be deposited into a capsule form. In another embodiment, the dried solid crumbly material may be used for direct administration from a sachet.
Optionally, other ingredients may be included in the composition or dosage form of the present invention.
For example, a glidant may also be included in the core composition to assist in the flow properties of the composition. Suitable glidants include, for example, silicon dioxide such as colloidal silica, fumed silica, mixtures thereof, and the like.
In one embodiment, the core may include from about 0.01 to about 3 wt. % of the glidant. In another embodiment, the core includes from about 0.05 to about 2 wt. % of the glidant. In yet another embodiment, the core includes from about 0.1 to about 1 wt. % of the glidant.
Other ingredients or components that may be added to the composition include, but are not limited to, superdisintegrants, lubricants, aromas; sweeteners such as, sorbitol, sugar, and high intensity sweeteners such as sucralose, aspartame and saccharine and the like may be included.
Any coloring agent suitable for use in a food or pharmaceutical product may be used in the present inventive composition. Typical coloring agents include, for example, azo dyes, quinopthalone dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, xanthene dyes, indigoid dyes, iron oxides, iron hydroxides, titanium dioxide, natural dyes, and mixtures thereof. More specifically, suitable colorants include, but are not limited to patent blue V, acid brilliant green BS, red 2G, azorubine, ponceau 4R, amaranth, D&C red 33, D&C red 22, D&C red 26, D&C red 28, D&C yellow 10, FD&C yellow 5, FD&C yellow 6, FD&C red 3, FD&C red 40, FD&C blue 1, FD&C blue 2, FD&C green 3, brilliant black BN, carbon black, iron oxide black, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, titanium dioxide, riboflavin, carotenes, antyhocyanines, turmeric, cochineal extract, clorophyllin, canthaxanthin, caramel, betanin, and mixtures thereof.
Similarly, a flavor may be included in the composition or solid dosage form. The amount of flavor added to the composition will be dependent upon the desired taste characteristics.
In one embodiment, the composition contains sodium ibuprofen dihydrate adsorbed onto an inert adsorbent. The inert adsorbent may be, for example, silicon dioxide (Syloid® 63FP, Syloid® XDP 3050, Syloid® XDP 3150, etc.) and magnesium aluminum silicate (Neusilin® US2). Colloidal silicon dioxide may also be blended with the active and inert adsorbent.
The present invention also includes a method of taste masking a sodium ibuprofen dosage form. The method comprising the steps of adsorbing sodium ibuprofen dihydrate onto a substrate, comprising the steps of (a) adding and mixing an inert adsorbent to a non-solid form comprising the sodium ibuprofen dihydrate, thereby forming a mixture; and (b) drying the mixture to form a solid crumbly material.
The present invention further includes a method of reducing a sensation of burning in the mouth or throat of a subject when swallowing an ibuprofen dosage form. The method comprising the steps of (1) providing the subject with a sodium ibuprofen dosage form, wherein the sodium ibuprofen dosage form is made by adsorbing sodium ibuprofen dihydrate onto a substrate, comprising the steps of (a) adding and mixing an inert adsorbent to a non-solid form comprising the sodium ibuprofen dihydrate, thereby forming a mixture; and (b) drying the mixture to form a solid crumbly material; and (2) instructing the subject to swallow the sodium ibuprofen dosage form of step (1).
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the compositions and methods of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the example described.

EXAMPLE 1

TABLE 1

Solubility of Sodium Ibuprofen Dihydrate in Water:

Temperature

	R.T. (~25° C.)	40° C.	50° C.*	60° C.

Solubility (mg/mL)	250	551	653	676

*This temperature was selected for use as part of the adsorption procedure (reference: Step #1)

Suspension/Slurry Procedure:

- 1. 23 mL of sterile water was heated to a temperature of 50° C. using a water bath.
- 2. 45 grams of sodium ibuprofen dihydrate was added to the heated water and dissolved for approximately 4 minutes. The material was viscous and white in color due to being above the saturation point.

TABLE 2

Core Formula A:

	Material	% w/w

	Sodium ibuprofen dihydrate	89.55
	Mesoporous silicon dioxide (Syloid ® XDP 3150)	9.95
	Silicon dioxide (Cab-O-Sil ® M-5)	0.50
	TOTAL	100.00

Adsorption Procedure:

- 1. Using an impeller, the suspension/slurry was mixed at the slowest mixing speed possible while 5 grams of mesoporous silicon dioxide (Syloid® XDP 3150) was added. The resulting mixture was more viscous and was able to form soft peaks. Total mixing time was not more than 30 seconds.
- 2. The material was wet-sieved through a #30 mesh sieve. The material hung from the underside of the sieve and appeared as small tubes with an extruded appearance.
- 3. The extrudates were allowed to air dry for approximately 6 minutes, then scraped off the sieve and dried overnight for about 20 hours, resulting in a dry solid crumbly material.
- 4. The cylinders were dry-sieved through a #60 mesh sieve and blended with silicon dioxide.

TABLE 3

Assay Results:

	Drug Potency	Drug Recovery
Adsorbent	(% w/w)	(% w/w)

Neusilin ® US2	73	101.1
Syloid ® XDP 3050	63	103.3
Syloid ® XDP 3150	63	98.3
Syloid ® XDP 3050	90	100.2
Syloid ® XDP 3150	90	99.6

Neusilin ® US2 - magnesium aluminometasilicate from Fuji Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.
Syloid ® XDP 3050 and Syloid ® XDP 3150 are mesoporous silicas from W.R. Grace

The process of the present invention demonstrates the ability to formulate sodium ibuprofen dihydrate particles with good flow characteristics.

TABLE 4

Formulae for Drug Loaded Particles B, C, D, and E:

B (% w/w)

C (% w/w)

D (% w/w)

E (% w/w)

		%		%		%		%
Material	g	w/w	g	w/w	g	w/w	g	w/w

Sodium ibuprofen
dihydrate
Solution	74.75	29.9	74.75	29.9	74.75	29.9	74.75	29.9
Powder	139.00	55.6	127.75	51.1	139.00	55.6	127.75	51.1
Syloid ® XDP 3150	23.75	9.5	22.50	9.0	23.75	9.5	22.50	9.0
Avicel ® PH102	12.50	5.0	25.00	10.0	—	—	—	—
ProSolv ® SMCC 90	—	—	—	—	12.50	5.0	25.00	10.0
Water (removed during	115.00	N/A	115.00	N/A	115.00	N/A	115.00	N/A
processing)
TOTAL	250.00	100	250.00	100	250.00	100	250.00	100

TABLE 5

Particle Size Distribution for Drug Loaded Particles B, C, D, and E:

B

C

D

E

Size

#

30 wet/

#30 wet/

Mesh

(um)

#30 dry

#

40 dry

#

30 dry

#

40 dry

#

60 dry

#

60 dry

45	354	32.6	4.2	24.9	3.3	0.2	0.3
60	250	7.7	10.5	7.0	10.0	0.3	0.6
100	150	14.5	20.8	16.9	20.9	30.9	30.8
170	90	26.8	37.7	28.7	36.9	42.1	40.4
200	75	6.8	9.3	7.6	8.9	9.9	9.5
325	45	9.0	13.4	10.8	14.5	13.6	12.8
Pan	0	2.4	4.1	4.1	5.4	3.0	5.6
Bulk	N/A	0.2857	0.2545	0.2859	0.2932	0.2767	0.2781
(g/mL)
Tap (g/mL)	N/A	0.4255	0.4073	0.4229	0.4280	0.4125	0.4040
LOD, n = 3	N/A	—	—	—	—	12.659%	12.135%
(StDev)						(0.193%)	(0.027%)

TABLE 6

Core Formula for B, C, D, and E:

	B	C	D	E (%
Material	(% w/w)	(% w/w)	(% w/w)	w/w)

Sodium ibuprofen dihydrate
Solution	29.15	29.15	29.15	29.15
Powder	54.21	49.82	54.21	49.82
Syloid ® XDP 3150	9.26	8.78	9.26	8.78
Avicel ® PH102	4.88	9.75	—	—
ProSolv ® SMCC 90	—	—	4.88	9.75
Syloid ® 63FP	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
Magnesium stearate	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
TOTAL	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Avicel ® PH102 - microcrystalline cellulose supplied by FMC BioPolymer of Philadelphia, PA
ProSolv ® SMCC 90 - blend of silicified microcrystalline cellulose (98%) and colloidal silicon dioxide (2%) supplied by JRS Pharma of Rosenberg, Germany
Syloid ® 63FP is a silica from W.R. Grace

Adsorption Procedure for Formula B, C, D, and E:

- 1. Sterile water was heated to a temperature of 50° C. using a water bath.
- 2. Syloid® XDP 3150 and ProSolv® SMCC90 or Avicel® PH102 were premixed in a polyethylene bag.
- 3. “Solution” portion (29.15 g) of sodium ibuprofen dihydrate was added to the heated water (44.6 ml) and dissolved for approximately 4 minutes. The resulting drug solution was clear and watery.
- 4. The drug solution was removed from the water bath and the premixed dry materials from Step #2 were added to the drug solution from Step #3. A metal spatula was used to incorporate and ensure all materials were wetted.
- 5. The intermediate product batch of Step #4, was covered tightly with aluminum foil and soaked on lab bench at room temperature for N.M.T. 30 minutes.
- 6. The intermediate product batch was returned to a water bath and mixed using a metal spatula to ensure any unabsorbed drug was in solution.
- 7. An impeller mixer was used to mix the slurry from Step #6 while adding the “powder” portion (see Table 6 for level of powder) of sodium ibuprofen dihydrate for N.M.T. 40 seconds. The material was more viscous than in Step #6 and was able to form soft peaks. Total mixing time was N.M.T. 30 seconds.
- 8. The material was wet-sieved through a #30 mesh sieve. Material hung from the underside of the sieve and appeared as small tubes with an extruded appearance.
- 9. The extrudates were allowed to air dry for approximately 6 minutes, then scrapped off the sieve and spread on tray paper, where it was placed in a laboratory fume hood to dry at ambient temperature for about 20 hours, resulting in a dry solid crumbly material.
- 10. The cylinder were dry-sieved through a #60 mesh sieve and blended with Syloid®63FP and magnesium stearate.
- 11. The blend from Step 10 was compressed into tablets using the procedure below.

Compression of Tablets:

A: Punch— 5/16″ round flat-face bevel-edge

Force—0.75 tons
Dose—256.24 mg sodium ibuprofen dihydrate (equivalent to 200 mg ibuprofen acid) B, C, D, and E:

- Punch— 5/16″ round flat-face bevel-edge
- Force—1.0 tons
- Dose—128.12 mg sodium ibuprofen dihydrate (equivalent to 100 mg ibuprofen acid)

EXAMPLE 2

Dissolution results compared to Advil® Film-Coated powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology in 0.25% SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate)/0.1N HCl media.
Using HPLC method at 220 nm and 50 rpm paddles. The injection volume was 10 μL for samples ranging from 0.1 mg/mL to 0.3 mg/mL (100 mg Sodium IBU tablet in 1000 mL dissolution vessel is 0.1 mg/mL that was injected without any further dilutions).

TABLE 7

Dissolution Results of Core Formula A in 0.25% SLS/0.1N HCl

Time (Minutes)

Sample	10	20	30	45	60	90

A	70.550	76.990	80.562	82.735	84.986	97.620
A	53.725	80.533	74.871	80.015	82.153	94.780
A	71.740	82.814	86.280	90.376	89.694	95.771
Advil ®	22.818	44.956	70.404	80.452	83.561	95.778
Film-Coated
Advil ®	5.277	36.931	69.429	81.811	86.421	99.252
Film-Coated
Advil ®	18.331	53.485	72.402	81.455	84.463	95.830
Film-Coated

FIG. 1 provides a graphical depiction of the results, which show at 10 minutes, the Formulation A samples were at least 50% released, whereas the Advil® Film-Coated powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology product was less than 23% released. At 20 minutes, the Formulation A samples were at least 75% released, whereas the Advil® Film-Coated powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology product was less than 54% released.
Dissolution results compared to Advil® Film-Coated Tablet (powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology) in FaSSGF (Fast State Simulated Gastric Fluid) Biorelevant pH 1.6 media.
Using HPLC method at 220 nm and 75 rpm paddles. The injection volume was 10 μL for samples ranging from 0.1 mg/mL to 0.3 mg/mL (100 mg Sodium IBU tablet in 1000 mL dissolution vessel is 0.1 mg/mL that was injected without any further dilutions).

TABLE 8

Dissolution Results of Core Formula B and
C in FaSSGF Biorelevant pH 1.6 media

Time (minutes)

Sample	10	20	30	45	60	70

B	25.0	40.5	49.6	57.6	61.3	63.1
B	25.0	45.7	54.8	61.4	65.1	67.2
C	22.5	39.6	50.2	57.6	61.5	62.4
C	23.7	40.1	51.3	58.6	61.8	62.5
Advil ® Film-Coated	12.8	32.4	44.6	56.2	59.6	63.0
Advil ® Film-Coated	8.0	34.1	53.0	58.5	60.8	60.8

FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 provide graphical depictions of the results, which show at 10 minutes, the Formulation B and C samples were at least 22% released, whereas the Advil® Film-Coated Tablet (powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology) product was less than 13% released. At 20 minutes, the Formulation B and C samples were at least 35% released, whereas the Advil® Film-Coated Tablet (powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology) product was less than 35% released.
Dissolution results compared to Advil® Film-Coated Tablet (powered by Advil Ion Core™ Technology) in FeSSGF (Fed State Simulated Gastric Fluid) Biorelevant pH 5.0 media.
Using HPLC method at 220 nm and 75 rpm paddles. The injection volume was 10 μL for samples ranging from 0.1 mg/mL to 0.3 mg/mL (100 mg Sodium IBU tablet in 1000 mL dissolution vessel is 0.1 mg/mL that was injected without any further dilutions).

TABLE 9

Dissolution Results of Core Formula D and
E in FeSSGF Biorelevant pH 5.0 media

Time (minutes)

Sample	10	20	30	45	60	70

D	63.6	85.3	93.8	97.1	97.7	97.2
D	68.2	95.6	96.9	97.6	96.5	98.0
E	59.9	88.9	98.0	99.0	99.1	98.8
E	68.0	93.4	95.6	95.5	97.0	95.9
Advil ® Film-Coated	70.8	97.9	100.8	100.9	101.2	101.0
Advil ® Film-Coated	70.6	95.0	96.3	97.0	97.0	96.9

Preparation of Biorelevant Buffers

- FaSSGF Biorelevant pH 1.6 media—Dissolved 0.32 g lecithin in 3.2 mL of dichloromethane and 0.42 g of sodium taurocholate in 10 L of water. Add 2 g pepsin and 40 g of NaCl. Heat mixture to 40° C. and q.s. to 20 L with water.

TABLE 10

Composition

Sodium taurocholate

	80 μM
	Lecithin
	20 μM
	Pepsin	0.1 mg/mL
	Sodium chloride	34.2 mM
	Hydrochloric acid q.s.	pH = 1.6

	Ref: Karuppiah, V.; Kannappan, N.; Manavalan, R. In-vitro and Simulated In-vivo Dissolution of Dipyridamole Extended Release Capsules. Intl. J. Pharm. Sciences Review and Research. 13(1), 68-72. (2012)

- FeSSGF Biorelevant pH 5.0 media—Dissolved 277.0 g NaCl and 80.08 g sodium acetate in 10 L of water. Added 20 mL of acetic acid and q.s. to 20 L with water.

TABLE 11

Composition

	Sodium chloride	237.02 mM
	Acetic acid	17.12 mM
	Sodium acetate	29.75 mM
	Acetate buffer
	20 mL
	Hydrochloric acid q.s.	pH = 5.0

	Ref: Karuppiah, V.; Kannappan, N.; Manavalan, R. In-vitro and Simulated In-vivo Dissolution of Dipyridamole Extended Release Capsules. Intl. J. Pharm. Sciences Review and Research. 13(1), 68-72. (2012)

EXAMPLE 3

Taste-Testing

Sodium ibuprofen active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) loaded particles were prepared for taste-testing using the formula in Table 12. The adsorption procedure was the same as described in Example 1.

TABLE 12

Particle Formulation For Taste-Testing

	Material	Amount (g)	% w/w

Sodium ibuprofen dihydrate	8	40
Syloid ® XDP 3150	12	60
Water*	32	—
TOTAL	20	100%

*theoretically completely removed during drying step in the fume hood

The particles containing sodium ibuprofen were then tested for taste sensation. The particles were compared to pure sodium ibuprofen API (active pharmaceutical ingredient). Each sample contained 50 mg of sodium ibuprofen. Four subjects were instructed to ingest each sample and evaluate the sensation based on several criteria; including bitterness, saltiness and mouth/throat burn. The scale was based on a level of 0-10, wherein 0=None (no bitterness, saltiness or throat/mouth burn) and 10=High (high level of perceived bitterness, saltiness or throat/mouth burn). The results are presented in Table 13.

TABLE 13

Results of Taste-Testing

Bitterness

Saltiness

Mouth/Throat Burn

	40% API		40% API		40% API
	Loaded	Pure	Loaded	Pure	Loaded
Subject	Particles	API	Particles	API	Particles	Pure API

1	6	7	4	5	6	8
2	1	1	3	5	9	10
3	0	4	2	1	3	5
4	3	3	2	5	1	9
Average	2.5	3.75	2.75	4	4.75	8

The average sensation change for Bitterness was 1.25; for Saltiness was 1.25; and for Mouth/Throat Burn was 3.25.
In all criteria, the pure API displayed a higher level than the 40% API loaded particles, indicating that the particles provided taste-masking of the sensation.
While the invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it is apparent that many changes, modifications, and variations can be made without departing from the inventive concept disclosed herein. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. All patent applications, patents, and other publications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A process for adsorbing an active pharmaceutical ingredient onto a substrate, comprising the steps of:

(a) adding and mixing an inert adsorbent to a non-solid form comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient, thereby forming a mixture; and

(b) drying the mixture to form a solid crumbly material.

2. The process of claim 1, wherein the non-solid form is a solution, a suspension, an emulsion, a paste, or slurry.

3. The process of claim 2, wherein the non-solid form is aqueous based, solvent based or lipid based.

4. The process of claim 1, wherein the inert adsorbent is laponite, bentonite, clays, magnesium aluminosilicate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, porous calcium silicate, dicalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate, mesoporous silicon dioxide, silicon dioxide and mixtures thereof.

5. The process of claim 4, wherein the inert adsorbent is mesoporous silica.

6. The process of claim 1, further comprising a wet screening step after step (a).

7. The process of claim 1, wherein the solid crumbly material is further processed in a particle size reduction apparatus.

8. The process of claim 1, wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient is sodium ibuprofen dihydrate.

9. The process of claim 1, further comprising the step of adding additional active pharmaceutical ingredient to the mixture prior to step (b).

10. A process for adsorbing sodium ibuprofen dehydrate onto a substrate, comprising the steps of:

(a) adding and mixing an inert adsorbent to a non-solid form comprising the sodium ibuprofen dihydrate, thereby forming a mixture; and

(b) drying the mixture to form a solid crumbly material.

11. The process of claim 10, wherein the non-solid form is a solution, a suspension, an emulsion, a paste, or slurry.

12. The process of claim 10, further comprising a wet screening step after step (a).

13. The process of claim 10, wherein the solid crumbly material is further processed in a particle size reduction apparatus.

14. The process of claim 10, wherein the inert adsorbent is laponite, bentonite, clays, magnesium aluminosilicate, magnesium aluminometasilicate, porous calcium silicate, dicalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate, mesoporous silicon dioxide, silicon dioxide and mixtures thereof.

15. The process of claim 10, wherein the inert adsorbent is mesoporous silica.

16. The process of claim 10, wherein the suspension is at a temperature of about 50° C. to about 60° C. prior to the addition of the inert adsorbent.

17. The process of claim 10, further comprising the step of adding additional sodium ibuprofen dihydrate to the mixture, prior to step (b).

18. A dosage form manufactured by the process of claim 10.

19. The dosage form of claim 18, wherein about 50% of the sodium ibuprofen dihydrate is released in about 10 minutes in 0.25% SLS/0.1N HCl media using an HPLC method.

20. The dosage form of claim 18, wherein about 22% of the sodium ibuprofen dihydrate is released in about 10 minutes in FaSSGF Biorelevant pH 1.6 media using an HPLC method.

21. The dosage form of claim 18, wherein about 35% of the sodium ibuprofen dihydrate is released in about 20 minutes in FaSSGF Biorelevant pH 1.6 media using an HPLC method.

22. The method of claim 10, wherein the process is used to manufacture a sodium ibuprofen dosage form that provides taste masking of the sodium ibuprofen.

23. A method of reducing a sensation of burning in the mouth or throat of a subject when swallowing an ibuprofen dosage form, comprising the steps of (1) providing the subject with a sodium ibuprofen dosage form, wherein the sodium ibuprofen dosage form is made by adsorbing sodium ibuprofen dihydrate onto a substrate, comprising the steps of (a) adding and mixing an inert adsorbent to a non-solid form comprising the sodium ibuprofen dihydrate, thereby forming a mixture; and (b) drying the mixture to form a solid crumbly material; and (2) instructing the subject to swallow the sodium ibuprofen dosage form of step (1).