US20150352617A1 - Apparatuses and methods for pressing - Google Patents
Apparatuses and methods for pressing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150352617A1 US20150352617A1 US14/733,336 US201514733336A US2015352617A1 US 20150352617 A1 US20150352617 A1 US 20150352617A1 US 201514733336 A US201514733336 A US 201514733336A US 2015352617 A1 US2015352617 A1 US 2015352617A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ram
- structural body
- fixture plate
- pressing
- working
- Prior art date
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D1/00—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
- B21D1/06—Removing local distortions
- B21D1/10—Removing local distortions of specific articles made from sheet metal, e.g. mudguards
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/10—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts between rams and anvils or abutments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
- B30B1/32—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by plungers under fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/04—Frames; Guides
- B30B15/047—C-shaped frames
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- B63B17/0018—Arrangements or devices specially adapted for facilitating access to underwater elements, e.g. to propellers ; Externally attached cofferdams or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B71/00—Designing vessels; Predicting their performance
-
- B63B9/00—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
- B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
- B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
- B63H1/14—Propellers
-
- B63B2009/008—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B81/00—Repairing or maintaining vessels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
- Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to apparatuses and methods for repairing articles, and in exemplary though non-limiting embodiments, to apparatuses and methods for repairing vessel propellers by accommodating, bending, and straightening the propellers underwater.
- a pressing apparatus in an embodiment of the present disclosure, includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate has a first working surface, a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control formed within the structural body, a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the ram is adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface.
- the apparatus may include a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram.
- the structural body of the apparatus may have a semi-circular or C-shape.
- the apparatus may include a threaded insert located on the pressing surface of the ram, the threaded insert configured for insertion of attachments to assist the ram in pressing materials.
- the ram may be a hydraulic ram capable of being operated by divers, topside personal, or a remote operated vehicle (ROV).
- ROV remote operated vehicle
- a pressing apparatus in an embodiment of the present disclosure, includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate has a first working surface, a ballast tank formed within the structural body, a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface.
- the ram may be adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface.
- the apparatus may include a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram.
- the ram may be a hydraulic ram capable of being operated by divers, topside personal, or a remote operated vehicle (ROV).
- the apparatus may include multiple ballast tanks formed within the structural body of the apparatus.
- the structural body may have a semi-circular or C-shape.
- the apparatus may include a base plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate is mounted on and secured to the base plate.
- the base plate may include a series of grooves on its opposing sides, the grooves configured such that the first fixture plate can be moved along and attached to various points on the base plate.
- the apparatus may include a second fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location adjacent to the first fixture plate, wherein the second fixture plate has a second working surface.
- the apparatus may further include an exterior plate enveloping an outer surface of the structural body, the exterior plate configured to provide additional rigidity to the apparatus.
- the structural body of the apparatus may be made of titanium.
- the apparatus may include attachment points located at various points on the structural body, the attachment points configured for mounting fixtures and tooling and balancing the apparatus.
- the apparatus may include a single point lifting device projecting outwardly from an end of the structural body, the single point lifting device configured so that the apparatus can be lifted from the water by cable or other lifting mechanisms.
- the working envelope of the apparatus may have a length of approximately 33.5 inches.
- a pressing apparatus in an embodiment of the present disclosure, includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate has a first working surface, and a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface.
- the apparatus may include a ballast tank formed within the structural body, the ballast tank configured to provide variable buoyancy control to the structural body.
- the apparatus may include multiple ballast tanks formed within the structural body.
- the apparatus may include a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram.
- the apparatus may weigh approximately 700 lbs.
- the ram is capable of applying approximately 9800 psi or approximately 200 tons of pressure.
- the ram is also capable of applying approximately 4700 psi or approximately 100 tons of pressure.
- a method for repairing a damaged article underwater includes submerging a pressing apparatus under a water surface by decreasing the buoyancy of the apparatus, wherein the pressing apparatus includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram and having a first working surface, a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control formed within the structural body, a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface.
- the ram may be adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface.
- the method includes moving the apparatus to a position adjacent to the damaged article, placing the damaged article into the working envelope such that a damaged portion of the article is placed on the first working surface and positioned directly beneath the ram, and repairing the damaged article by applying a force to the damaged portion of the article using the pressing surface of the ram.
- the method further includes removing the apparatus from the article, and raising the apparatus towards the water surface by increasing the buoyancy of the apparatus.
- the method includes rotating a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram.
- FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a pressing apparatus, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the pressing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a top view of the pressing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of a nose attachment inserted into a ram, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5A is an isometric front view of a ram positioning wheel, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is an isometric back view of the ram positioning wheel shown in FIG. 5A .
- Embodiments provide apparatuses and methods for the underwater or dry dock repair of damaged articles, including structural steel members and associated appendages, as well as propellers of vessels.
- Embodiments include a pressing apparatus that may be floated down from a water surface and placed next to a propeller for repair. The propeller may then be placed within the apparatus and repaired. Once repaired, the apparatus may be removed from the propeller and floated back up towards the water surface.
- Pressing apparatus 100 includes a structural body 101 .
- Structural body 101 has a general C-shape where the bottom portion 77 of the C-shape extends past the top portion 88 of the C-shape.
- structural body 101 may be formed into any other shape suitable for performing the functions of the apparatus 100 , e.g., a semi-circular shape or a square shape.
- the bottom of the C-shape may extend past the top of the C-shape by approximately 26 inches.
- the outer radius, A, of the C-shaped structural body 101 may be 31.5 inches
- the inner radius, B, of the C-shaped structural body 101 may be 9 inches.
- Structural body 101 may be made of titanium.
- the structural body 101 is made of Grade 5 Titanium (6Al-4V).
- the parts of the structural body 101 may be welded or riveted. In embodiments, the parts of the structural body may be fully welded for extra strength.
- the apparatus 100 includes multiple ballast tanks formed within the structural body 101 .
- the apparatus 100 may include a single ballast tank formed within the structural body 101 .
- Utilizing one or multiple internal ballast tanks within a structural body of the apparatus 100 with easily controlled variable buoyancy provides for easy and fast control of the pressing apparatus 100 by a diver, ROV, or topside personnel.
- the internal ballast tanks in the present invention function by way of the basic principle of buoyancy. When the apparatus and internal ballast tanks are above the water surface, they have “positive buoyancy” and can float because they are less dense than the water around them. At this point, the ballast tanks are mainly full of air.
- ballast tanks To submerge the apparatus 100 and internal ballast tanks below the water surface, the ballast tanks must have “negative buoyancy.” To achieve this “negative buoyancy”, buoyancy chambers in the ballast tanks are “flooded” by slowly letting in water using valves and/or ports on the ballast tanks, at which point the ballast tanks begin to sink. Once filled with water, the ballast tanks are denser than the surrounding water. Submerged, the ballast tanks achieve “neutral buoyancy”, meaning the weight of the ballast tanks equals the amount of water it displaces. The ballast tanks will neither rise nor sink in this state. At this point, the exact depth of the ballast tanks can be controlled by adjusting its water to air ratio using valves and/or ports on the ballast tanks.
- ballast tanks are key to the apparatus 100 having a lighter weight compared to prior presses. In an exemplary embodiment, pressing apparatus 100 weighs approximately 700 lbs.
- Structural body 101 may also include gauges to monitor pressurization and allow the apparatus 100 to withstand high pressures and stresses in subsea environments. In a particular embodiment, the apparatus 100 may withstand a maximum load of 200,000 lbs. By the use of weights, the structural body 101 may be trimmed and positioned to a proper attitude for its intended use in any axis. This may be accomplished by the use of multiple attachment points 205 located at various points on the structural body 101 . See FIG. 2 . Attachment points 205 may be configured for mounting fixtures and tooling and balancing the apparatus 100 . In an exemplary embodiment, the attachment points 205 are configured to surround a working envelope 201 of the apparatus 100 . See FIG. 2 .
- Structural body 101 may also include a variety of ports to control the respective densities of the internal ballast tanks and facilitate their movement and buoyancy.
- the ports may be used to change the density of the internal ballast tanks by changing the pressure of the material within the structural body 101 and/or internal ballast tanks (for example, by increasing the pressure of air).
- the ports may be used to change the density of the internal ballast tanks by changing the material comprised within the structural body 101 and/or internal ballast tanks (e.g. substituting air for water or vice versa). Modifying this density within the structural body 101 and/or internal ballast tanks through buoyancy allows for easy control and movement of the apparatus 100 while underwater.
- the apparatus 100 includes a ram 115 secured to the structural body 101 . See FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- the ram 115 is a hydraulic ram 115 capable of being operated by underwater divers, remote operated vehicle (ROV), and/or topside personal above the water surface. Apparatuses and methods of using hydraulics for operating rams are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,315,856 and 5,377,521, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Ram 115 is hydraulically activated via hydraulic cylinders and/or motors and hydraulic lines and/or connections to an ROV and/or topside.
- Hydraulic ram 115 may be operated with a remote power supply and housed in an engineered corrosion resistant, high strength, structural apparatus 100 .
- the pressure and force exerted by the ram 115 may be monitored by the use of gauges visible to the diver, ROV, and/or as topside personal. This constant monitoring mitigates the risk of over-pressurization and contributes to overall operator safety.
- the ram 115 may be electrically or mechanically operated.
- the hydraulic ram 115 may be made from aluminum.
- the hydraulic ram 115 is made from 7075-T6 Annodized Aluminum.
- Ram 115 includes a pressing surface 114 at its bottom face. Pressing surface 114 may be configured to apply a pressure and/or force on a damaged portion of a bent or otherwise damaged propeller in order to straighten and repair it.
- the pressing surface 114 includes a threaded insert 149 located on the pressing surface 114 of the ram. Threaded insert 149 is configured for insertion of various nose attachments to assist the ram 115 in pressing bent or damaged portions of propellers or other structural materials.
- FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of a nose attachment inserted into the ram 115 .
- an adjustable contact nose attachment 150 and a lock nut 151 are attached and inserted into the threaded insert 149 of the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115 .
- contact nose attachment 150 having a spherical shape is shown, other attachments may be used and may have contact surfaces configured with different shapes for different pressing applications. Further, these attachments may have other shapes configured for straightening and/or repairing a propeller, including a complex helical shape (to accommodate a longer circumferential area), channel shape, and/or flat shape.
- the adjustable contact nose 150 is made of 7075-T6 Annodized Aluminum
- the lock nut 151 is made of stainless steel or aluminum.
- the ram 115 is adjustable and/or movable in multiple directions and angles to provide for more efficient and faster pressing and repairing of materials.
- Ram 115 may be adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to a first working surface 106 of a first fixture plate 105 secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite the ram 115 .
- the ram 115 is adjustable in the X-axis and/or Y-axis.
- the ram 115 is adjustable by 6 inches in the X-axis, and by 10 inches in the Y-axis.
- Ram 115 is capable of applying approximately 9800 psi or approximately 200 tons of pressure.
- the ram 115 is capable of applying approximately 4700 psi or approximately 100 tons of pressure.
- the apparatus 100 includes a wheel 116 positioned adjacent to the ram 11 .
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are isometric front and back views of the wheel 116 .
- Wheel 116 is capable of being operated and/or rotated by underwater divers or ROVs to operate movement of the ram 115 . See FIG. 1 .
- the wheel 116 has a radius of 10 inches.
- the wheel 116 is made of aluminum.
- Wheel 116 operates the ram 115 by a rack and pinion mechanism. Wheel is tied and/or fixed to a threaded shaft 95 , which is threaded into a lead screw/nut. Lead screw/nut is attached to the ram 115 . Once the wheel 116 , and thus the shaft 95 , is rotated, the lead screw/nut thereby moves the ram 115 in the X-axis.
- wheel 116 may move ram 115 by any other known methods.
- a first fixture plate 105 is secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite a ram 115 . See FIG. 1 .
- First fixture plate 105 has a first working surface 106 .
- First fixture plate 105 may be adjustable or non-adjustable.
- the first fixture plate 105 is adjustable.
- the first fixture plate 105 may be 10.5 inches wide, 8 inches long, and have a thickness of 0.5 inches.
- the first fixture plate 105 may weigh approximately 6.72 lbs.
- Apparatus 100 may include a base plate 120 secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite the ram 115 . Base plate 120 may be adjustable or non-adjustable.
- the base plate 120 is non-adjustable.
- the base plate 120 may be 10.5 inches wide, 10.667 inches long, and have a thickness of 0.5 inches. In this embodiment, the base plate 120 may weigh approximately 8.96 lbs.
- First fixture plate 105 is mounted on and secured to the base plate 120 .
- the first fixture plate 105 is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115 .
- the first fixture plate 105 may be adjustable in the X-axis.
- Base plate 120 includes a series of grooves 121 on its opposing sides that allow the base plate 120 to be secured to the structural body 101 .
- the series of grooves 121 may correspond to holes 107 on the first fixture plate 105 , and configured such that the first fixture plate 105 is moved along and attached to various points on the base plate 120 .
- First fixture plate 105 and base plate 120 may be mechanically secured to each other, including screws, bolts, and/or any other suitable permanent or non-permanent attachment mechanisms.
- a second fixture plate 110 may be secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite the ram 115 . See FIG. 1 .
- Second fixture plate 110 may have a second working surface 111 .
- Second fixture plate 110 may be adjustable or non-adjustable.
- the second fixture plate 110 is non-adjustable.
- First and second working surfaces 106 111 are configured to hold a damaged article such as a bent propeller in place such that the propeller rests on both working surfaces 106 111 prior to being repaired by the apparatus 100 .
- the first fixture plate 105 , base plate 120 , and second fixture plate 110 each have a rectangular shape.
- the first fixture plate 105 , base plate 120 , and/or second fixture plate 110 may have any other shape suitable for holding the propeller in place for repair.
- the second fixture plate 110 may also include a series of grooves on its opposing sides that allow the second fixture plate 110 to be secured to the structural body 101 .
- the series of grooves on the second fixture plate 110 may correspond to holes on another fixture plate configured to move along and be attached to various points on the second fixture plate 110 .
- the second fixture plate 110 may be 10.5 inches wide, 8 inches long, and have a thickness of 0.5 inches. In this embodiment, the second fixture plate 110 may weigh approximately 6.72 lbs.
- Apparatus 100 may include an exterior plate 125 enveloping an outer surface of the structural body 101 . See FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- Exterior plate 125 is configured to provide additional rigidity to the apparatus 100 .
- Exterior plate 125 may extend along the entire outer surface of the structural body 101 .
- the exterior plate 125 may extend along a part of the outer surface of the structural body 101 .
- the exterior plate 125 may have a width of ten inches and a radius of 31.5 inches.
- the apparatus 100 includes a working envelope 201 located between the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115 and the first working surface 106 of the first fixture plate 105 . See FIG. 2 .
- Working envelope 201 is configured such that a damaged propeller may be fully or partially placed within the working envelope 201 such that it rests on the first and second working surfaces 106 111 of the first and second fixture plates 105 110 prior to being pressed and/or repaired.
- the working envelope has a length of approximately 33.5 inches.
- Apparatus 100 may include a single point lifting device 220 projecting outwardly from an end of the structural body 101 . See FIG. 2 .
- Single point lifting device 220 is configured so that the apparatus 100 may be lifted from the water by cable or any other known lifting mechanisms.
- a method of repairing a damaged propeller of a vessel underwater includes submerging a pressing apparatus 100 under a water surface by decreasing the buoyancy of the apparatus 100 .
- Apparatus 100 includes a structural body 101 , a ram 115 secured to the structural body 101 and having a pressing surface 114 at its bottom face, a first fixture plate 105 secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite the ram 115 and having a first working surface 106 , a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control formed within the structural body 101 , and a working envelope 201 located between the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115 and the first working surface 106 of the first fixture plate 105 .
- the apparatus 100 includes a second fixture plate 110 secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite the ram 115 and having a second working surface 111 .
- the first fixture plate 105 and second fixture plate 110 may be adjustable or non-adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115 .
- the method includes moving the apparatus 100 to a position adjacent to the damaged propeller, and placing the damaged propeller into the working envelope 201 such that a damaged portion of the propeller is placed on the first working surface 106 and/or second working surface 111 and positioned directly beneath the ram 115 .
- the method includes rotating a wheel 116 positioned adjacent to the ram 115 , with the wheel 116 configured to operate movement of the ram 115 .
- the damaged propeller is then repaired by applying a force to the damaged portion of the propeller using the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115 .
- the apparatus 100 is removed from the propeller and raised towards the water surface by increasing the buoyancy of the apparatus 100 .
- this method discloses repairing and/or pressing propellers, the apparatus 100 disclosed herein may also accommodate, bend, straighten, and thereby repair other damaged or bent structural steel members and associated appendages.
- the vessel of the present disclosure can take several forms. In some instances, the vessel may be a cargo, container, or tanker ship. In other embodiments, the vessel may be a remote drilling or space launch platform, submarine, warship, tug, or any other vessel containing propellers.
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/008,963, filed on Jun. 6, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention generally relates to apparatuses and methods for repairing articles, and in exemplary though non-limiting embodiments, to apparatuses and methods for repairing vessel propellers by accommodating, bending, and straightening the propellers underwater.
- Current demands of international trade and commerce requires the increased world-wide transportation of several goods on ships. Unfortunately, this increased ship traffic has also resulted in damages to the ships due to collisions or running aground. Some of these accidents require major repairs, which forces the ship to be placed in a dry-dock. Dry-docking a ship requires the use of expensive dock space that includes using large tracts of ocean front real estate and highly customized equipment. Additionally, any repair performed at a dry dock results in lost vessel operating time.
- On the other hand, some of these accidents do not require major repairs. For example, the only damage sustained by a ship running aground or striking a floating log or metal debris may be a bent propeller. Traditionally, ships had to be placed in a dry-dock, or the propeller had to be removed from the vessel and floated to a dry surface, to effect even simple repairs to a bent propeller.
- Apparatuses and methods for straightening and repairing propeller presses underwater were first disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,315,856 and 5,377,521, both of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference hereto.
- Existing underwater propeller repair presses, however, have several disadvantages. First, these presses are generally made of solid steel and are relatively heavy (at least a few thousand pounds). These presses are hard to maneuver and have corrosion problems. Further, these presses often utilize floatation collars made of a buoyant material such as closed cell foam to allow the manipulation of the press underwater. These closed cell foam floatation collars generally possess inflexible buoyancy characteristics, and are cumbersome and easily damaged.
- Accordingly, a need exists for a lighter, agile, more corrosion resistant, stronger, cost-effective, and efficient press with more flexible buoyancy characteristics. The present invention satisfies this need.
- In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a pressing apparatus is provided. The pressing apparatus includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate has a first working surface, a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control formed within the structural body, a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the ram is adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface. The apparatus may include a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram. The structural body of the apparatus may have a semi-circular or C-shape. The apparatus may include a threaded insert located on the pressing surface of the ram, the threaded insert configured for insertion of attachments to assist the ram in pressing materials. The ram may be a hydraulic ram capable of being operated by divers, topside personal, or a remote operated vehicle (ROV).
- In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a pressing apparatus is provided. The pressing apparatus includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate has a first working surface, a ballast tank formed within the structural body, a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface. The ram may be adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface. The apparatus may include a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram. The ram may be a hydraulic ram capable of being operated by divers, topside personal, or a remote operated vehicle (ROV). The apparatus may include multiple ballast tanks formed within the structural body of the apparatus. The structural body may have a semi-circular or C-shape. The apparatus may include a base plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate is mounted on and secured to the base plate. The base plate may include a series of grooves on its opposing sides, the grooves configured such that the first fixture plate can be moved along and attached to various points on the base plate. The apparatus may include a second fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location adjacent to the first fixture plate, wherein the second fixture plate has a second working surface. The apparatus may further include an exterior plate enveloping an outer surface of the structural body, the exterior plate configured to provide additional rigidity to the apparatus. The structural body of the apparatus may be made of titanium. The apparatus may include attachment points located at various points on the structural body, the attachment points configured for mounting fixtures and tooling and balancing the apparatus. The apparatus may include a single point lifting device projecting outwardly from an end of the structural body, the single point lifting device configured so that the apparatus can be lifted from the water by cable or other lifting mechanisms. The working envelope of the apparatus may have a length of approximately 33.5 inches.
- In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a pressing apparatus is provided. The pressing apparatus includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate has a first working surface, and a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface. The apparatus may include a ballast tank formed within the structural body, the ballast tank configured to provide variable buoyancy control to the structural body. The apparatus may include multiple ballast tanks formed within the structural body. The apparatus may include a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram. The apparatus may weigh approximately 700 lbs. The ram is capable of applying approximately 9800 psi or approximately 200 tons of pressure. The ram is also capable of applying approximately 4700 psi or approximately 100 tons of pressure.
- In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for repairing a damaged article underwater is provided. The method includes submerging a pressing apparatus under a water surface by decreasing the buoyancy of the apparatus, wherein the pressing apparatus includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram and having a first working surface, a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control formed within the structural body, a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface. The ram may be adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface. The method includes moving the apparatus to a position adjacent to the damaged article, placing the damaged article into the working envelope such that a damaged portion of the article is placed on the first working surface and positioned directly beneath the ram, and repairing the damaged article by applying a force to the damaged portion of the article using the pressing surface of the ram. The method further includes removing the apparatus from the article, and raising the apparatus towards the water surface by increasing the buoyancy of the apparatus. The method includes rotating a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram.
-
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a pressing apparatus, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a side view of the pressing apparatus shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a top view of the pressing apparatus shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of a nose attachment inserted into a ram, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5A is an isometric front view of a ram positioning wheel, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5B is an isometric back view of the ram positioning wheel shown inFIG. 5A . - Like reference characters denote like parts in the several Figures.
- The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for the underwater or dry dock repair of damaged articles, including structural steel members and associated appendages, as well as propellers of vessels. Embodiments include a pressing apparatus that may be floated down from a water surface and placed next to a propeller for repair. The propeller may then be placed within the apparatus and repaired. Once repaired, the apparatus may be removed from the propeller and floated back up towards the water surface.
- Referring now to the
FIGS. 1 to 3 , apressing apparatus 100 is shown.Pressing apparatus 100 includes astructural body 101.Structural body 101 has a general C-shape where thebottom portion 77 of the C-shape extends past thetop portion 88 of the C-shape. However,structural body 101 may be formed into any other shape suitable for performing the functions of theapparatus 100, e.g., a semi-circular shape or a square shape. In this embodiment, the bottom of the C-shape may extend past the top of the C-shape by approximately 26 inches. In a particular embodiment, the outer radius, A, of the C-shapedstructural body 101 may be 31.5 inches, and the inner radius, B, of the C-shapedstructural body 101 may be 9 inches. -
Structural body 101 may be made of titanium. In an exemplary embodiment, thestructural body 101 is made of Grade 5 Titanium (6Al-4V). The parts of thestructural body 101 may be welded or riveted. In embodiments, the parts of the structural body may be fully welded for extra strength. - In embodiments of the present invention, the
apparatus 100 includes multiple ballast tanks formed within thestructural body 101. In other embodiments, theapparatus 100 may include a single ballast tank formed within thestructural body 101. Utilizing one or multiple internal ballast tanks within a structural body of theapparatus 100 with easily controlled variable buoyancy provides for easy and fast control of thepressing apparatus 100 by a diver, ROV, or topside personnel. The internal ballast tanks in the present invention function by way of the basic principle of buoyancy. When the apparatus and internal ballast tanks are above the water surface, they have “positive buoyancy” and can float because they are less dense than the water around them. At this point, the ballast tanks are mainly full of air. To submerge theapparatus 100 and internal ballast tanks below the water surface, the ballast tanks must have “negative buoyancy.” To achieve this “negative buoyancy”, buoyancy chambers in the ballast tanks are “flooded” by slowly letting in water using valves and/or ports on the ballast tanks, at which point the ballast tanks begin to sink. Once filled with water, the ballast tanks are denser than the surrounding water. Submerged, the ballast tanks achieve “neutral buoyancy”, meaning the weight of the ballast tanks equals the amount of water it displaces. The ballast tanks will neither rise nor sink in this state. At this point, the exact depth of the ballast tanks can be controlled by adjusting its water to air ratio using valves and/or ports on the ballast tanks. To bring theapparatus 100 and internal ballast tanks back to the water surface, and thus achieve “positive buoyancy,” the buoyancy chambers in the ballast tanks are “deballasted” by forcing water out with air using valves or pumps. The ballast tanks are key to theapparatus 100 having a lighter weight compared to prior presses. In an exemplary embodiment,pressing apparatus 100 weighs approximately 700 lbs. -
Structural body 101 may also include gauges to monitor pressurization and allow theapparatus 100 to withstand high pressures and stresses in subsea environments. In a particular embodiment, theapparatus 100 may withstand a maximum load of 200,000 lbs. By the use of weights, thestructural body 101 may be trimmed and positioned to a proper attitude for its intended use in any axis. This may be accomplished by the use of multiple attachment points 205 located at various points on thestructural body 101. SeeFIG. 2 . Attachment points 205 may be configured for mounting fixtures and tooling and balancing theapparatus 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the attachment points 205 are configured to surround a workingenvelope 201 of theapparatus 100. SeeFIG. 2 . - In some embodiments, several padeyes may be bolted or welded to the
structural body 101. These padeyes may be shaped as rings or hooks and used as attachment devices for theapparatus 100.Structural body 101 may also include a variety of ports to control the respective densities of the internal ballast tanks and facilitate their movement and buoyancy. In an embodiment of the present invention, the ports may be used to change the density of the internal ballast tanks by changing the pressure of the material within thestructural body 101 and/or internal ballast tanks (for example, by increasing the pressure of air). In alternative embodiments, the ports may be used to change the density of the internal ballast tanks by changing the material comprised within thestructural body 101 and/or internal ballast tanks (e.g. substituting air for water or vice versa). Modifying this density within thestructural body 101 and/or internal ballast tanks through buoyancy allows for easy control and movement of theapparatus 100 while underwater. - In embodiments of the present invention, the
apparatus 100 includes aram 115 secured to thestructural body 101. SeeFIGS. 1 and 2 . In an exemplary embodiment, theram 115 is ahydraulic ram 115 capable of being operated by underwater divers, remote operated vehicle (ROV), and/or topside personal above the water surface. Apparatuses and methods of using hydraulics for operating rams are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,315,856 and 5,377,521, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.Ram 115 is hydraulically activated via hydraulic cylinders and/or motors and hydraulic lines and/or connections to an ROV and/or topside.Hydraulic ram 115 may be operated with a remote power supply and housed in an engineered corrosion resistant, high strength,structural apparatus 100. The pressure and force exerted by theram 115 may be monitored by the use of gauges visible to the diver, ROV, and/or as topside personal. This constant monitoring mitigates the risk of over-pressurization and contributes to overall operator safety. In alternative embodiments, theram 115 may be electrically or mechanically operated. Thehydraulic ram 115 may be made from aluminum. In an exemplary embodiment, thehydraulic ram 115 is made from 7075-T6 Annodized Aluminum. -
Ram 115 includes apressing surface 114 at its bottom face. Pressingsurface 114 may be configured to apply a pressure and/or force on a damaged portion of a bent or otherwise damaged propeller in order to straighten and repair it. In an exemplary embodiment, thepressing surface 114 includes a threadedinsert 149 located on thepressing surface 114 of the ram. Threadedinsert 149 is configured for insertion of various nose attachments to assist theram 115 in pressing bent or damaged portions of propellers or other structural materials.FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of a nose attachment inserted into theram 115. In this embodiment, an adjustablecontact nose attachment 150 and alock nut 151 are attached and inserted into the threadedinsert 149 of thepressing surface 114 of theram 115. Althoughcontact nose attachment 150 having a spherical shape is shown, other attachments may be used and may have contact surfaces configured with different shapes for different pressing applications. Further, these attachments may have other shapes configured for straightening and/or repairing a propeller, including a complex helical shape (to accommodate a longer circumferential area), channel shape, and/or flat shape. In an exemplary embodiment, theadjustable contact nose 150 is made of 7075-T6 Annodized Aluminum, and thelock nut 151 is made of stainless steel or aluminum. - In embodiments of the present invention, the
ram 115 is adjustable and/or movable in multiple directions and angles to provide for more efficient and faster pressing and repairing of materials.Ram 115 may be adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to a first workingsurface 106 of afirst fixture plate 105 secured to thestructural body 101 at a location opposite theram 115. As shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 , theram 115 is adjustable in the X-axis and/or Y-axis. In an exemplary embodiment, theram 115 is adjustable by 6 inches in the X-axis, and by 10 inches in the Y-axis.Ram 115 is capable of applying approximately 9800 psi or approximately 200 tons of pressure. In alternative embodiments, theram 115 is capable of applying approximately 4700 psi or approximately 100 tons of pressure. - In embodiments of the present invention, the
apparatus 100 includes awheel 116 positioned adjacent to theram 11.FIGS. 5A and 5B are isometric front and back views of thewheel 116.Wheel 116 is capable of being operated and/or rotated by underwater divers or ROVs to operate movement of theram 115. SeeFIG. 1 . In an exemplary embodiment, thewheel 116 has a radius of 10 inches. In a particular embodiment, thewheel 116 is made of aluminum.Wheel 116 operates theram 115 by a rack and pinion mechanism. Wheel is tied and/or fixed to a threadedshaft 95, which is threaded into a lead screw/nut. Lead screw/nut is attached to theram 115. Once thewheel 116, and thus theshaft 95, is rotated, the lead screw/nut thereby moves theram 115 in the X-axis. In alternative embodiments,wheel 116 may moveram 115 by any other known methods. - In embodiments of the present invention, a
first fixture plate 105 is secured to thestructural body 101 at a location opposite aram 115. SeeFIG. 1 .First fixture plate 105 has a first workingsurface 106.First fixture plate 105 may be adjustable or non-adjustable. In an exemplary embodiment, thefirst fixture plate 105 is adjustable. In a particular embodiment, thefirst fixture plate 105 may be 10.5 inches wide, 8 inches long, and have a thickness of 0.5 inches. In this embodiment, thefirst fixture plate 105 may weigh approximately 6.72 lbs.Apparatus 100 may include abase plate 120 secured to thestructural body 101 at a location opposite theram 115.Base plate 120 may be adjustable or non-adjustable. In an exemplary embodiment, thebase plate 120 is non-adjustable. In a particular embodiment, thebase plate 120 may be 10.5 inches wide, 10.667 inches long, and have a thickness of 0.5 inches. In this embodiment, thebase plate 120 may weigh approximately 8.96 lbs. -
First fixture plate 105 is mounted on and secured to thebase plate 120. In this embodiment, thefirst fixture plate 105 is adjustable in a plane parallel to thepressing surface 114 of theram 115. As shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 , thefirst fixture plate 105 may be adjustable in the X-axis.Base plate 120 includes a series ofgrooves 121 on its opposing sides that allow thebase plate 120 to be secured to thestructural body 101. The series ofgrooves 121 may correspond toholes 107 on thefirst fixture plate 105, and configured such that thefirst fixture plate 105 is moved along and attached to various points on thebase plate 120.First fixture plate 105 andbase plate 120 may be mechanically secured to each other, including screws, bolts, and/or any other suitable permanent or non-permanent attachment mechanisms. - In embodiments of the present invention, a
second fixture plate 110 may be secured to thestructural body 101 at a location opposite theram 115. SeeFIG. 1 .Second fixture plate 110 may have a second workingsurface 111.Second fixture plate 110 may be adjustable or non-adjustable. In an exemplary embodiment, thesecond fixture plate 110 is non-adjustable. First and second workingsurfaces 106 111 are configured to hold a damaged article such as a bent propeller in place such that the propeller rests on both workingsurfaces 106 111 prior to being repaired by theapparatus 100. In an exemplary embodiment, thefirst fixture plate 105,base plate 120, andsecond fixture plate 110 each have a rectangular shape. Alternatively, thefirst fixture plate 105,base plate 120, and/orsecond fixture plate 110 may have any other shape suitable for holding the propeller in place for repair. In some embodiments, thesecond fixture plate 110 may also include a series of grooves on its opposing sides that allow thesecond fixture plate 110 to be secured to thestructural body 101. In alternative embodiments, the series of grooves on thesecond fixture plate 110 may correspond to holes on another fixture plate configured to move along and be attached to various points on thesecond fixture plate 110. In a particular embodiment, thesecond fixture plate 110 may be 10.5 inches wide, 8 inches long, and have a thickness of 0.5 inches. In this embodiment, thesecond fixture plate 110 may weigh approximately 6.72 lbs. -
Apparatus 100 may include anexterior plate 125 enveloping an outer surface of thestructural body 101. SeeFIGS. 1 and 2 .Exterior plate 125 is configured to provide additional rigidity to theapparatus 100.Exterior plate 125 may extend along the entire outer surface of thestructural body 101. In an alternative embodiment, theexterior plate 125 may extend along a part of the outer surface of thestructural body 101. In an exemplary embodiment, theexterior plate 125 may have a width of ten inches and a radius of 31.5 inches. - In embodiments of the present invention, the
apparatus 100 includes a workingenvelope 201 located between thepressing surface 114 of theram 115 and the first workingsurface 106 of thefirst fixture plate 105. SeeFIG. 2 . Workingenvelope 201 is configured such that a damaged propeller may be fully or partially placed within the workingenvelope 201 such that it rests on the first and second workingsurfaces 106 111 of the first andsecond fixture plates 105 110 prior to being pressed and/or repaired. In an exemplary embodiment, the working envelope has a length of approximately 33.5 inches. -
Apparatus 100 may include a singlepoint lifting device 220 projecting outwardly from an end of thestructural body 101. SeeFIG. 2 . Singlepoint lifting device 220 is configured so that theapparatus 100 may be lifted from the water by cable or any other known lifting mechanisms. - According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method of repairing a damaged propeller of a vessel underwater includes submerging a
pressing apparatus 100 under a water surface by decreasing the buoyancy of theapparatus 100.Apparatus 100 includes astructural body 101, aram 115 secured to thestructural body 101 and having apressing surface 114 at its bottom face, afirst fixture plate 105 secured to thestructural body 101 at a location opposite theram 115 and having a first workingsurface 106, a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control formed within thestructural body 101, and a workingenvelope 201 located between thepressing surface 114 of theram 115 and the first workingsurface 106 of thefirst fixture plate 105. Theapparatus 100 includes asecond fixture plate 110 secured to thestructural body 101 at a location opposite theram 115 and having a second workingsurface 111. Thefirst fixture plate 105 andsecond fixture plate 110 may be adjustable or non-adjustable in a plane parallel to thepressing surface 114 of theram 115. The method includes moving theapparatus 100 to a position adjacent to the damaged propeller, and placing the damaged propeller into the workingenvelope 201 such that a damaged portion of the propeller is placed on the first workingsurface 106 and/or second workingsurface 111 and positioned directly beneath theram 115. The method includes rotating awheel 116 positioned adjacent to theram 115, with thewheel 116 configured to operate movement of theram 115. The damaged propeller is then repaired by applying a force to the damaged portion of the propeller using thepressing surface 114 of theram 115. After the propeller is repaired, theapparatus 100 is removed from the propeller and raised towards the water surface by increasing the buoyancy of theapparatus 100. Although this method discloses repairing and/or pressing propellers, theapparatus 100 disclosed herein may also accommodate, bend, straighten, and thereby repair other damaged or bent structural steel members and associated appendages. The vessel of the present disclosure can take several forms. In some instances, the vessel may be a cargo, container, or tanker ship. In other embodiments, the vessel may be a remote drilling or space launch platform, submarine, warship, tug, or any other vessel containing propellers. - While the embodiments are described with reference to various implementations and exploitations, it will be understood that these embodiments are illustrative and that the scope of the inventions is not limited to them. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. Further still, any steps described herein may be carried out in any desired order, and any desired steps added or deleted.
Claims (30)
Priority Applications (1)
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US14/733,336 US20150352617A1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-08 | Apparatuses and methods for pressing |
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US201462008963P | 2014-06-06 | 2014-06-06 | |
US14/733,336 US20150352617A1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-08 | Apparatuses and methods for pressing |
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US20150352617A1 true US20150352617A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
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US14/733,336 Abandoned US20150352617A1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-08 | Apparatuses and methods for pressing |
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US (1) | US20150352617A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015188186A1 (en) |
Citations (11)
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US1957495A (en) * | 1931-03-16 | 1934-05-08 | Black & Decker Mfg Co | Method of straightening fenders and other sheet metal |
US2396496A (en) * | 1943-07-13 | 1946-03-12 | Letourneau Inc | Work straightening press |
US2742947A (en) * | 1952-11-10 | 1956-04-24 | Dobbs Fred | Propeller blade reshaping machine |
US3640080A (en) * | 1970-03-05 | 1972-02-08 | Shell Oil Co | Method and apparatus for connecting a flowline to an offshore installation |
US4781045A (en) * | 1986-04-01 | 1988-11-01 | Celette S.A. | Vehicle checking and straightening equipment with interchangeable operating heads |
US5315856A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-05-31 | Lips Propellers, Inc. | Apparatus for propeller straightening |
US5431122A (en) * | 1991-05-29 | 1995-07-11 | Templet, Jr.; John A. | Apparatus for cleaning the submerged portion of ship hulls |
US6823707B2 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2004-11-30 | Abl Fabricators, Inc. | Mobile flange press and method |
US6907820B2 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2005-06-21 | Mitek Holdings, Inc. | Press for assembling structures |
US7255054B1 (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-08-14 | Stidd Systems, Inc. | Cache boat |
US7260973B1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2007-08-28 | Hoyt Peden | Method and apparatus for repairing a damaged propeller blade |
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US4222259A (en) * | 1979-07-16 | 1980-09-16 | Junes Norman E | Propeller reconditioner |
FR2826629B1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2003-08-15 | Alstom | DEVICE FOR THE PLACEMENT AND / OR THE DEPOSITION OF A PIPE, ORIENTABLE, OF A VESSEL |
NO2552770T3 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2018-03-24 |
-
2015
- 2015-06-08 US US14/733,336 patent/US20150352617A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-06-08 WO PCT/US2015/034704 patent/WO2015188186A1/en active Application Filing
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1957495A (en) * | 1931-03-16 | 1934-05-08 | Black & Decker Mfg Co | Method of straightening fenders and other sheet metal |
US2396496A (en) * | 1943-07-13 | 1946-03-12 | Letourneau Inc | Work straightening press |
US2742947A (en) * | 1952-11-10 | 1956-04-24 | Dobbs Fred | Propeller blade reshaping machine |
US3640080A (en) * | 1970-03-05 | 1972-02-08 | Shell Oil Co | Method and apparatus for connecting a flowline to an offshore installation |
US4781045A (en) * | 1986-04-01 | 1988-11-01 | Celette S.A. | Vehicle checking and straightening equipment with interchangeable operating heads |
US5431122A (en) * | 1991-05-29 | 1995-07-11 | Templet, Jr.; John A. | Apparatus for cleaning the submerged portion of ship hulls |
US5315856A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-05-31 | Lips Propellers, Inc. | Apparatus for propeller straightening |
US6823707B2 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2004-11-30 | Abl Fabricators, Inc. | Mobile flange press and method |
US6907820B2 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2005-06-21 | Mitek Holdings, Inc. | Press for assembling structures |
US7260973B1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2007-08-28 | Hoyt Peden | Method and apparatus for repairing a damaged propeller blade |
US7255054B1 (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-08-14 | Stidd Systems, Inc. | Cache boat |
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WO2015188186A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
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