US20150313519A1 - Motion energy harvesting with wireless sensors - Google Patents
Motion energy harvesting with wireless sensors Download PDFInfo
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- US20150313519A1 US20150313519A1 US14/798,152 US201514798152A US2015313519A1 US 20150313519 A1 US20150313519 A1 US 20150313519A1 US 201514798152 A US201514798152 A US 201514798152A US 2015313519 A1 US2015313519 A1 US 2015313519A1
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- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02438—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to medical devices and, more particularly, to sensors used for sensing physiological parameters of a patient.
- Pulse oximetry may be used to measure various blood flow characteristics, such as the blood-oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood, the volume of individual blood pulsations supplying the tissue, and/or the rate of blood pulsations corresponding to each heartbeat of a patient.
- the “pulse” in pulse oximetry refers to the time varying amount of arterial blood in the tissue during each cardiac cycle.
- Pulse oximeters typically utilize a non-invasive sensor that transmits light through a patient's tissue and that photoelectrically detects the absorption and/or scattering of the transmitted light in such tissue. One or more of the above physiological characteristics may then be calculated based upon the amount of light absorbed or scattered. More specifically, the light passed through the tissue is typically selected to be of one or more wavelengths that may be absorbed or scattered by the blood in an amount correlative to the amount of the blood constituent present in the blood. The amount of light absorbed and/or scattered may then be used to estimate the amount of blood constituent in the tissue using various algorithms.
- Wireless sensors have been developed for use in measuring physiological parameters of a patient. Powering of these devices may present a challenge as there may be no wires connected to the sensor available to provide power to the sensors. While internal power sources such as batteries may be utilized, problems may exist in which the internal power source is drained, yielding an undesirable operational lifetime. Accordingly, alternate powering methods may be useful.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a wireless power system including an electronic device, such as a pulse oximeter, in accordance with an embodiment
- FIG. 2 illustrates a simplified block diagram of the pulse oximeter in FIG. 1 , according to an embodiment
- FIG. 3 illustrates the charging device of FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment
- FIG. 4 illustrates the charging device of FIG. 1 , in accordance with a second embodiment
- FIG. 5 illustrates the charging device of FIG. 1 , in accordance with a third embodiment
- FIG. 6A illustrates the charging device of FIG. 1 in a first position, in accordance with a fourth embodiment
- FIG. 6B illustrates the charging device of FIG. 1 in a second position, in accordance with a fourth embodiment
- FIG. 7 illustrates the sensor and the charging device of FIG. 1 , in accordance with a fifth embodiment
- FIG. 8 illustrates the sensor and the charging device of FIG. 1 , in accordance with a sixth embodiment.
- the system may include one or more motion sensitive structures that, when moved, may generate electromagnetic charging signals.
- the system may further include one or more elements that may receive the generated electromagnetic charging signals and may utilize the electromagnetic charging signals to charge a power source, such as a rechargeable battery, of a device. Additionally and/or alternatively, the electromagnetic charging signals may be utilized to power the device directly.
- the device may include, but is not limited to, pulse oximetry sensors, pulse oximetry monitors, portable pulse oximeters, and/or medical implants. That is, the system may include a device with one or more sensing components which, acting alone or in combination, are capable of generating data related to one or more physiological parameters.
- the system may also include wireless communication circuitry capable of wirelessly transmitting the data related to the one or more physiological parameters.
- wireless communication circuitry capable of wirelessly transmitting the data related to the one or more physiological parameters.
- at least one of the one or more sensing components or the wireless communication circuitry of the device may be at least partially powered, directly or indirectly, by energy harvested through movement by one or more of the motion sensitive structures.
- the medical device may be a pulse oximeter 100 .
- the pulse oximeter 100 may include a monitor 102 , such as those available from Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC.
- the monitor 102 may be configured to display calculated parameters on a display 104 .
- the display 104 may be integrated into the monitor 102 .
- the monitor 102 may be configured to provide data via a port to a display (not shown) that is not integrated with the monitor 102 .
- the display 104 may be configured to display computed physiological data including, for example, an oxygen saturation percentage, a pulse rate, and/or a plethysmographic waveform 106 .
- the oxygen saturation percentage may be a functional arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation measurement in units of percentage SpO 2
- the pulse rate may indicate a patient's pulse rate in beats per minute.
- the monitor 102 may also display information related to alarms, monitor settings, and/or signal quality via indicator lights 108 .
- the monitor 102 may include a plurality of control inputs 110 .
- the control inputs 110 may include fixed function keys, programmable function keys, and soft keys. Specifically, the control inputs 110 may correspond to soft key icons in the display 104 . Pressing control inputs 110 associated with, or adjacent to, an icon in the display may select a corresponding option.
- the monitor 102 may also include a casing 111 . The casing 111 may aid in the protection of the internal elements of the monitor 102 from damage.
- the monitor 102 may further include a transceiver 112 .
- the transceiver 112 may allow for wireless operation signals to be transmitted to and received from an external sensor 114 .
- the sensor 114 may be of a disposable or a non-disposable type.
- the sensor 114 may obtain readings from a patient that can be used by the monitor 102 to calculate certain physiological characteristics such as the blood-oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood, the volume of individual blood pulsations supplying the tissue, and/or the rate of blood pulsations corresponding to each heartbeat of a patient.
- the sensor 114 may include a charging device 115 , respectively, for harnessing of energy for use by the sensor 114 .
- FIG. 2 a simplified block diagram of the pulse oximeter 100 is illustrated in accordance with an embodiment. Specifically, certain components of the sensor 114 and the monitor 102 are illustrated in FIG. 2 . As previously noted, the sensor 114 may include a charging device 115 . The sensor 114 may also include an emitter 116 , a detector 118 , and an encoder 120 .
- the emitter 116 may be capable of emitting at least two wavelengths of light, e.g., RED and infrared (IR) light, into the tissue of a patient 117 to calculate the patient's 117 physiological characteristics, where the RED wavelength may be between about 600 nanometers (nm) and about 700 nm, and the IR wavelength may be between about 800 nm and about 1000 nm.
- RED and IR infrared
- the detector 118 may detect a wide spectrum of wavelengths of light, and the monitor 102 may process only those wavelengths which are of interest for use in measuring, for example, water fractions, hematocrit, or other physiologic parameters of the patient 117 .
- the term “light” may refer to one or more of ultrasound, radio, microwave, millimeter wave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, gamma ray or X-ray electromagnetic radiation, and may also include any wavelength within the radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray spectra, and that any suitable wavelength of light may be appropriate for use with the present disclosure.
- the sensor 114 may include an encoder 120 , which may contain information about the sensor 114 , such as what type of sensor it is (e.g., whether the sensor is intended for placement on a forehead or digit) and the wavelengths of light emitted by the emitter 116 . This information may allow the monitor 102 to select appropriate algorithms and/or calibration coefficients for calculating the patient's 117 physiological characteristics. Additionally, the encoder 120 may include information relating to the proper charging of the sensor 112 .
- the encoder 120 may, for instance, be a memory on which one or more of the following information may be stored for communication to the monitor 102 ; the type of the sensor 114 ; the wavelengths of light emitted by the emitter 116 ; the proper calibration coefficients and/or algorithms to be used for calculating the patient's 117 physiological characteristics; and/or information regarding a charging device for the sensor 114 .
- the sensor 114 may be any suitable physiological sensor, such as those available from Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC.
- Signals from the detector 118 and the encoder 120 may be transmitted to the monitor 102 via a transmitter 122 that may be located in a transceiver 124 .
- the transceiver 124 may also include a receiver 126 that may be used to receive signals form the monitor 102 . As may be seen, the receiver 126 may transmit received signals to the emitter 116 for transmission to a patient 117 .
- the transmitter 122 may receive signals from both the detector 118 and the encoder 120 for transmission to the monitor 102 .
- the signals used in conjunction with the emitter 116 and the detector 118 may be utilized for the monitoring of physiologic parameters of the patient 117 while the signals from the encoder may contain information about the sensor 114 to allow the monitor 102 to select appropriate algorithms and/or calibration coefficients for calculating the patient's 117 physiological characteristics.
- the monitor 102 may include a transceiver 112 .
- the transceiver 112 may include a receiver 128 and a transmitter 130 .
- the receiver 128 may receive transmitted signals from the transmitter 122 of the sensor 114 while the transmitter 130 of the monitor 102 may operate to transmit signals to the receiver 126 of the sensor 114 .
- the sensor 114 may wirelessly communicate with the monitor 102 (i.e., the sensor 114 may be a wireless sensor 114 ).
- the monitor 102 may further include one or more processors 132 coupled to an internal bus 134 . Also connected to the bus may be a RAM memory 136 and the display 104 .
- a time processing unit (TPU) 138 may provide timing control signals to light drive circuitry 140 , which controls (e.g., via the transmitter 130 ), when the emitter 116 is activated, and if multiple light sources are used, the multiplexed timing for the different light sources.
- TPU 138 may also control the gating-in of signals from detector 118 through an amplifier 142 and a switching circuit 134 .
- the amplifier 142 may amplify, for example, the signals from the detector 118 received at the receiver 128 .
- the TPU 138 may control the gating-in of signals from detector 118 through an amplifier 142 to insure that the signals are sampled at the proper time, which may depend at least in part upon which of multiple light sources is activated, if multiple light sources are used.
- the received signal from the detector 118 may be passed through an (optional) amplifier 146 , a low pass filter 148 , and an analog-to-digital converter 150 for amplifying, filtering, and digitizing the electrical signals the from the sensor 114 .
- the digital data may then be stored in a queued serial module (QSM) 152 , for later downloading to RAM 136 as QSM 152 fills up.
- QSM queued serial module
- processor 122 may calculate the oxygen saturation using various algorithms. These algorithms may use coefficients, which may be empirically determined, and may correspond to the wavelengths of light used. The algorithms may be stored in a ROM 154 and accessed and operated according to processor 122 instructions.
- the monitor 102 may also include a detector/decoder 155 that may receive signals (via the receiver 128 ) from the encoder 120 . The detector/decoder 155 may, for instance, decode the signals from the encoder 120 and may provide the decoded information to the processor 132 .
- the decoded signals may provide information to the processor such as the type of the sensor 114 and the wavelengths of light emitted by the emitter 116 so that proper calibration coefficients and/or algorithms to be used for calculating the patient's 117 physiological characteristics may be selected and utilized by the processor 132 .
- the monitor 102 may also include a power source 156 that may be used to transmit power to the components located in the monitor 102 .
- the power source 156 may be one or more batteries, such as a rechargeable battery.
- the battery may be user-removable or may be secured within the housing of the monitor 102 . Use of a battery may, for example, allow the oximeter 100 to be highly portable, thus allowing a user to carry and use the oximeter 100 in a variety of situations and locations.
- the power source 156 may include AC power, such as provided by an electrical outlet, and the power source 156 may be connected to the AC power via a power adapter through a power cord (not shown). This power adapter may also be used to directly recharge one or more batteries of the power source 156 and/or to power the pulse oximeter 100 . In this manner, the power adapter may operate as a charging device 158 .
- the sensor 114 may also include a charging control circuit 162 , which may, for example, allow for the adaptive control of wireless energy harvested from the charging device 115 for use in the power source 160 of the sensor 114 .
- the power source 160 may be one or more batteries, such as a rechargeable battery that may be user-removable or may be secured within the housing of the sensor 114 .
- the power source 160 may be one or more capacitors for storage of charge.
- the charging control circuit 162 may, for example, include a processing circuit that may determine the current level of charge remaining in the power source 160 , as well as the current amount of power being harvested by the charging device.
- the charging control circuit 162 may determine if the charging device 115 is generating too little power to charge the power source 160 . In response to determining that the charging device 115 is generating too little power to charge the power source 160 and that the power source 160 is low on power, the charging control circuit 162 may generate an error signal that may be transmitted to the monitor 102 for generation of a corresponding error message for display on the display 104 of the monitor 102 by, for example, the processor 132 .
- the error message may indicate to a user that the sensor 102 is low on power and may also direct the user to take action, such as changing the power source 160 (i.e., installing new batteries), charging the power source 160 (i.e.
- the error message may indicate to a user that the recharging system of the sensor is potentially malfunctioning, and may direct the user, for example, to replace the sensor 114 .
- the error message may be generated when the charging control circuit 162 determines that the power source 160 has reached a certain charge level, for example 20% of the total charge remains in the power source 160 .
- the charging control circuit 162 may also include conversion translation circuitry, such as a rectifier circuit, for conversion of alternating current generated via the charging device 115 into direct current.
- the charging device 115 may be one of a multitude of energy harvesting components that utilize, for example, inductive energy generation techniques and/or piezoelectric energy generation techniques. Through use of these techniques, power may be harvested, for example, through motion of a patient 117 , and utilized to directly recharge one or more batteries (or capacitors) of the power source 160 and/or to power the sensor 114 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates a first embodiment of a charging device 115 .
- the charging device 115 may include an energy harvester 164 that includes a case 166 , a magnet 168 , one or more buffers 170 , a coil 172 , and one or more leads 174 .
- one or more energy harvesters 164 may be utilized in conjunction with one another and that the energy harvester 164 may be sized to be imbedded in the sensor 114 or attached thereto.
- the energy harvester 164 as well as the components that make up the energy harvester 164 , may be, for example, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and/or nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) made up of components sized between 1 to 100 micrometers.
- MEMS microelectromechanical systems
- NEMS nanoelectromechanical systems
- the energy harvester 164 , as well as the components that make up the energy harvester 164 may also be larger than MEMS and NEMS, as long as they may be integrated into or attached to a given sensor 114 .
- the case 166 may be composed of plastic or any other non-conducting material.
- the case 166 may enclose the magnet 168 and the buffers 170 .
- the case 166 may also be sized to allow lateral movement of magnet 168 .
- the case 166 is cylindrical in shape.
- the magnet 168 may be sized to fit within the case 166 and move laterally within the case 166 .
- the magnet 168 may be a permanent magnet.
- the magnet 168 may be capable of sliding from one end of the case 166 to the other in response to an input of kinetic energy.
- the kinetic energy may include patient 117 movement that causes the magnet 168 to move through the case 166 of the energy harvester 164 .
- the movement of the magnet 168 through the case 166 causes the magnet to pass through the coil 172 .
- the coil 172 may be made up of a conductive substance and may be wrapped around the case 166 .
- the coil 172 may be made from coiled aluminum.
- the coil 172 may be made from coiled copper wire.
- the copper wire may be covered by thin insulation.
- the generated electricity may be passed through a rectifier circuit, which may be located in, for example, the charging control circuit 162 , and may translate the alternating current generated via electromechanical induction into direct current.
- the rectifier circuit may, for example, be a full wave rectifier made up of, for example, diodes.
- the rectification of the electricity by the rectifier circuit may also include smoothing the output of the rectifier circuit.
- a filter such as a reservoir capacitor, may be used to smooth the output of the rectifier circuit prior to its transmission to the power storage device 160 .
- the leads 174 may include a single wire, two wires, or three wires (or other conductors) for allowing the leads 174 to conduct one, two, or three phase power.
- the magnet 168 also may contact buffers 170 as it passes through the case 166 .
- the buffers 170 may be made of elastic material such as rubber. In another embodiment, the buffers 170 may be springs. The buffers 170 at to help conserve the kinetic energy being focused into the sliding magnet 168 by redirecting the magnet 168 back through the case 166 when the buffer 170 is contacted by the magnet 168 . In this manner, the buffers 170 aid in the conversion of kinetic energy into usable electricity.
- the charging device 115 may include an energy harvester 176 that includes a mass 178 that may be utilized to generate rotational torque.
- One or more energy harvesters 176 may be utilized in conjunction with one another and the energy harvester 176 may be sized to be imbedded in the sensor 114 or attached thereto as MEMS, NEMS, or as other systems.
- the mass 178 in energy harvester 176 may be free to rotate circumferentially 180 in response to movements by the patient 117 .
- the mass 178 may be attached to a gear train 182 .
- the gear train 182 may operate to transfer the rotational torque from the mass 178 to a permanent magnet 184 , causing circumferential 180 rotation of the magnet 184 .
- the gear train 182 is set to create increased rotations of the magnet 184 relative to rotations of the mass 178 .
- the magnet 184 may be positioned adjacent to a coil 186 .
- the rotational motion of the magnet 184 induces an electrical current in the coil 186 which may be transmitted via conductive leads 188 to the charging control circuit 162 or directly to the power source 160 .
- the current generated may pass through a rectifier circuit, a transformer, or a phase converter as, for example, part of the charging control circuit 162 .
- the energy harvester 176 may convert inputted kinetic energy, for example, movement by a patient 117 causing rotational movement of a mass 178 , into electricity useable by the pulse oximeter 100 .
- the charging device 115 may include an energy harvester 190 that may convert vibratory motion along an axis 192 into electrical energy.
- One or more energy harvesters 190 may be utilized in conjunction with one another and the energy harvester 190 may be sized to be imbedded in the sensor 114 or attached thereto as MEMS, NEMS, or as other systems.
- the energy harvester 190 may be enclosed by, for example, four partitions 194 , 196 , 198 , and 200 . As may be seen, partitions 194 and 196 may be opposite paired partitions while partitions 198 and 200 may also be opposite paired partitions.
- the energy harvester 190 may further include one or more attachment devices, such as springs 202 , which may be utilized to suspend enclosure 204 from partitions 198 and 200 .
- the springs 202 may allow for reciprocating movement of the enclosure 204 relative to partitions 194 and 196 only along the axis 192 . This movement of the enclosure 204 may be in response to movement by the patient 117 .
- the enclosure 204 of the energy harvester 190 may include one or more magnets 206 attached thereto. Accordingly, the enclosure 204 , may allow for reciprocating movement of the magnets 206 relative to the partitions 194 and 196 . Indeed, one or more coils 208 may be attached to the partitions 194 and 196 such that the reciprocating movement of the magnets 206 inductively generates a current in the coils 208 . This induces current in coils 208 may be transmitted via conductive leads 210 to the charging control circuit 162 or directly to the power source 160 . As noted above, the current generated may pass through a rectifier circuit, a transformer, or a phase converter as, for example, part of the charging control circuit 162 . Accordingly, the energy harvester 190 may convert inputted kinetic energy, for example, movement by a patient 117 causing reciprocating movement of an enclosure 204 (and thus the magnets 206 attached thereto), into electricity useable by the pulse oximeter 100 .
- FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate an embodiment of the charging device 115 that makes use of a piezoelectric energy harvester 212 in a first and a second position, respectively.
- One or more piezoelectric energy harvesters 212 may be utilized in conjunction with one another and the piezoelectric energy harvester 212 may be sized to be imbedded in the sensor 114 or attached thereto as MEMS, NEMS, or as other systems.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate a sensor 114 that may be utilized in conjunction with a finger 214 of a patient 117 .
- the emitter 116 and the detector 118 are illustrated as elements of the sensor 114 .
- the emitter 116 and detector 118 may be arranged in a reflectance-type configuration in which the emitter 116 and detector 118 are typically placed on the same side of the sensor site.
- Reflectance type sensors may operate by emitting light into the tissue (e.g., finger 214 ) and detecting the reflected light that is transmitted and scattered by the tissue. That is, reflectance type sensors detect light photons that are scattered back to the detector 118 .
- the sensor 114 may alternatively be configured as a transmittance type sensor whereby the emitter 116 and detector 118 are typically placed on differing sides of the sensor site. In this manner, the detector 118 may detect light that has passed through one side of a tissue site to an opposite side of the tissue site.
- the sensor 114 may also include a piezoelectric energy harvester 212 .
- the piezoelectric energy harvester 212 may, for example, include a piezoelectric wire 216 contacted at two ends by conductive materials, such as metal, and mounted on a flexible substrate.
- This piezoelectric wire 216 may be comprised of, for example, Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Arium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), Lead titanate (PbTiO 3 ), Lead zirconate titanate (commonly known as PZT), and/or potassium niobate (KNbO 3 ).
- the piezoelectric wire 216 (as well as any piezoelectric material) has the ability to generate an electric potential in response to applied mechanical stress. Accordingly, piezoelectric wire 216 in the piezoelectric energy harvester 212 may operate to drive a current back and forth across the piezoelectric energy harvester 212 as the piezoelectric wire 216 is stretched, as may be seen in FIG. 6A , and compressed, as may be seen in FIG. 6B . This current may be transmitted to the charging control circuit 162 or directly to the power source 160 of the sensor 114 . As noted above, the current generated may pass through a rectifier circuit, a transformer, or a phase converter as, for example, part of the charging control circuit 162 .
- the piezoelectric energy harvester 212 may convert inputted kinetic energy, for example, movement by a patient 117 such as bending of a finger 214 , into electricity useable by the pulse oximeter 100 via the piezoelectric wire 216 .
- FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment whereby the charging device 115 may be located externally from the sensor 114 .
- the charging device 115 may be attached to the sensor 114 via a lead 218 .
- the lead 218 may be an electrical conductor, such as a power cable, that transmits harvested power to the sensor 114 .
- the lead 218 may terminate with the charging device 115 which may be integrated into (or be attached to) a bracelet 220 .
- the bracelet 220 may be, for example, a medical bracelet.
- the lead 218 may be connected to and separated from the charging device 115 .
- the lead 218 may be separable (i.e., releasable) from the charging device 115 , the bracelet 220 , and/or the sensor 114 .
- the lead 218 may be permanently affixed to the charging device 115 and/or the bracelet 220 .
- more available area in the bracelet 220 may be available for harvesting of energy via patient 117 movement. That is, with greater area available for the charging device 115 , a greater number of energy harvesters 164 , 176 , 190 , and/or 212 may be utilized, thus increasing the overall amount of energy that may be harvested.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a second embodiment whereby the charging device 115 may be located externally from the sensor 114 .
- the charging device 115 may be attached to the sensor 114 via a lead 218 .
- the lead 218 may be an electrical conductor, such as a power cable, that transmits power to the sensor 114 and may terminate with the charging device 115 which may be integrated into (or be attached to) a garment 222 .
- the lead 218 may be separable (i.e., releasable) from the charging device 115 , the garment 222 , and/or the sensor 114 .
- the garment 222 may be, for example, a shirt or a sleeve of a shirt.
- the use of the a garment 222 to house the charging device 115 may allow for the charging device 115 to be expanded in size, or for more than one charging devices 115 to be utilized in conjunction, while still allowing for the garment 222 to be comfortably worn.
- a greater number of energy harvesters 164 , 176 , 190 , and/or 212 may be utilized, which may increase the overall amount of energy that may be harvested.
- movements of a patient 117 across a plurality of regions of the patient 117 may be utilized to harvest energy from. That is, movements in the chest, arms, etc. of the patient 117 may be translated into power for use by the sensor 114 . In this manner, a greater number of movements of a patient 117 may be harvested into power for use with the sensor 114 relative to energy harvesters 164 , 176 , 190 , and/or 212 located in the sensor 114 .
Abstract
A system and method for generating power when one or more motion sensitive structures are moved. The system may include one or more sensing components which, acting alone or in combination, are capable of generating data related to one or more physiological parameters. The system may also include wireless communication circuitry capable of wirelessly transmitting the data related to the one or more physiological parameters. Furthermore, at least one of the one or more sensing components or the wireless communication circuitry may be at least partially powered, directly or indirectly, by the one or more motion sensitive structures.
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/709,696, filed Feb. 22, 2010, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
- The present disclosure relates generally to medical devices and, more particularly, to sensors used for sensing physiological parameters of a patient.
- This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present disclosure, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
- In the field of medicine, doctors often desire to monitor certain physiological characteristics of their patients. Accordingly, a wide variety of devices have been developed for monitoring many such physiological characteristics. Such devices provide doctors and other healthcare personnel with the information they need to provide the best possible healthcare for their patients. As a result, such monitoring devices have become an indispensable part of modern medicine.
- One technique for monitoring certain physiological characteristics of a patient is commonly referred to as pulse oximetry, and the devices built based upon pulse oximetry techniques are commonly referred to as pulse oximeters. Pulse oximetry may be used to measure various blood flow characteristics, such as the blood-oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood, the volume of individual blood pulsations supplying the tissue, and/or the rate of blood pulsations corresponding to each heartbeat of a patient. In fact, the “pulse” in pulse oximetry refers to the time varying amount of arterial blood in the tissue during each cardiac cycle.
- Pulse oximeters typically utilize a non-invasive sensor that transmits light through a patient's tissue and that photoelectrically detects the absorption and/or scattering of the transmitted light in such tissue. One or more of the above physiological characteristics may then be calculated based upon the amount of light absorbed or scattered. More specifically, the light passed through the tissue is typically selected to be of one or more wavelengths that may be absorbed or scattered by the blood in an amount correlative to the amount of the blood constituent present in the blood. The amount of light absorbed and/or scattered may then be used to estimate the amount of blood constituent in the tissue using various algorithms.
- Wireless sensors have been developed for use in measuring physiological parameters of a patient. Powering of these devices may present a challenge as there may be no wires connected to the sensor available to provide power to the sensors. While internal power sources such as batteries may be utilized, problems may exist in which the internal power source is drained, yielding an undesirable operational lifetime. Accordingly, alternate powering methods may be useful.
- Advantages of the disclosed techniques may become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a wireless power system including an electronic device, such as a pulse oximeter, in accordance with an embodiment; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a simplified block diagram of the pulse oximeter inFIG. 1 , according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 3 illustrates the charging device ofFIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment; -
FIG. 4 illustrates the charging device ofFIG. 1 , in accordance with a second embodiment; -
FIG. 5 illustrates the charging device ofFIG. 1 , in accordance with a third embodiment; -
FIG. 6A illustrates the charging device ofFIG. 1 in a first position, in accordance with a fourth embodiment; -
FIG. 6B illustrates the charging device ofFIG. 1 in a second position, in accordance with a fourth embodiment; -
FIG. 7 illustrates the sensor and the charging device ofFIG. 1 , in accordance with a fifth embodiment; and -
FIG. 8 illustrates the sensor and the charging device ofFIG. 1 , in accordance with a sixth embodiment. - One or more specific embodiments of the present techniques will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.
- Present embodiments relate to a system and method for converting movement into power for powering electronic devices. The system may include one or more motion sensitive structures that, when moved, may generate electromagnetic charging signals. The system may further include one or more elements that may receive the generated electromagnetic charging signals and may utilize the electromagnetic charging signals to charge a power source, such as a rechargeable battery, of a device. Additionally and/or alternatively, the electromagnetic charging signals may be utilized to power the device directly. The device may include, but is not limited to, pulse oximetry sensors, pulse oximetry monitors, portable pulse oximeters, and/or medical implants. That is, the system may include a device with one or more sensing components which, acting alone or in combination, are capable of generating data related to one or more physiological parameters. The system may also include wireless communication circuitry capable of wirelessly transmitting the data related to the one or more physiological parameters. In one embodiment, at least one of the one or more sensing components or the wireless communication circuitry of the device may be at least partially powered, directly or indirectly, by energy harvested through movement by one or more of the motion sensitive structures.
- Turning to
FIG. 1 , a perspective view of a medical device is illustrated in accordance with an embodiment. The medical device may be apulse oximeter 100. Thepulse oximeter 100 may include amonitor 102, such as those available from Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC. Themonitor 102 may be configured to display calculated parameters on adisplay 104. As illustrated inFIG. 1 , thedisplay 104 may be integrated into themonitor 102. However, themonitor 102 may be configured to provide data via a port to a display (not shown) that is not integrated with themonitor 102. Thedisplay 104 may be configured to display computed physiological data including, for example, an oxygen saturation percentage, a pulse rate, and/or aplethysmographic waveform 106. As is known in the art, the oxygen saturation percentage may be a functional arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation measurement in units of percentage SpO2, while the pulse rate may indicate a patient's pulse rate in beats per minute. Themonitor 102 may also display information related to alarms, monitor settings, and/or signal quality viaindicator lights 108. - To facilitate user input, the
monitor 102 may include a plurality ofcontrol inputs 110. Thecontrol inputs 110 may include fixed function keys, programmable function keys, and soft keys. Specifically, thecontrol inputs 110 may correspond to soft key icons in thedisplay 104.Pressing control inputs 110 associated with, or adjacent to, an icon in the display may select a corresponding option. Themonitor 102 may also include acasing 111. Thecasing 111 may aid in the protection of the internal elements of themonitor 102 from damage. - The
monitor 102 may further include atransceiver 112. Thetransceiver 112 may allow for wireless operation signals to be transmitted to and received from anexternal sensor 114. In this manner, themonitor 102 and thesensor 114 may communicate wirelessly. Thesensor 114 may be of a disposable or a non-disposable type. Furthermore, thesensor 114 may obtain readings from a patient that can be used by themonitor 102 to calculate certain physiological characteristics such as the blood-oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood, the volume of individual blood pulsations supplying the tissue, and/or the rate of blood pulsations corresponding to each heartbeat of a patient. As will be discussed in greater detail below, thesensor 114 may include acharging device 115, respectively, for harnessing of energy for use by thesensor 114. - Turning to
FIG. 2 , a simplified block diagram of thepulse oximeter 100 is illustrated in accordance with an embodiment. Specifically, certain components of thesensor 114 and themonitor 102 are illustrated inFIG. 2 . As previously noted, thesensor 114 may include acharging device 115. Thesensor 114 may also include anemitter 116, adetector 118, and anencoder 120. It should be noted that theemitter 116 may be capable of emitting at least two wavelengths of light, e.g., RED and infrared (IR) light, into the tissue of apatient 117 to calculate the patient's 117 physiological characteristics, where the RED wavelength may be between about 600 nanometers (nm) and about 700 nm, and the IR wavelength may be between about 800 nm and about 1000 nm. Alternative light sources may be used in other embodiments. For example, a single wide-spectrum light source may be used, and thedetector 118 may be capable of detecting certain wavelengths of light. In another example, thedetector 118 may detect a wide spectrum of wavelengths of light, and themonitor 102 may process only those wavelengths which are of interest for use in measuring, for example, water fractions, hematocrit, or other physiologic parameters of thepatient 117. It should be understood that, as used herein, the term “light” may refer to one or more of ultrasound, radio, microwave, millimeter wave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, gamma ray or X-ray electromagnetic radiation, and may also include any wavelength within the radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray spectra, and that any suitable wavelength of light may be appropriate for use with the present disclosure. - Additionally the
sensor 114 may include anencoder 120, which may contain information about thesensor 114, such as what type of sensor it is (e.g., whether the sensor is intended for placement on a forehead or digit) and the wavelengths of light emitted by theemitter 116. This information may allow themonitor 102 to select appropriate algorithms and/or calibration coefficients for calculating the patient's 117 physiological characteristics. Additionally, theencoder 120 may include information relating to the proper charging of thesensor 112. Theencoder 120 may, for instance, be a memory on which one or more of the following information may be stored for communication to themonitor 102; the type of thesensor 114; the wavelengths of light emitted by theemitter 116; the proper calibration coefficients and/or algorithms to be used for calculating the patient's 117 physiological characteristics; and/or information regarding a charging device for thesensor 114. Thesensor 114 may be any suitable physiological sensor, such as those available from Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC. - Signals from the
detector 118 and the encoder 120 (if utilized) may be transmitted to themonitor 102 via atransmitter 122 that may be located in atransceiver 124. Thetransceiver 124 may also include areceiver 126 that may be used to receive signals form themonitor 102. As may be seen, thereceiver 126 may transmit received signals to theemitter 116 for transmission to apatient 117. Thetransmitter 122 may receive signals from both thedetector 118 and theencoder 120 for transmission to themonitor 102. As previously described, the signals used in conjunction with theemitter 116 and thedetector 118 may be utilized for the monitoring of physiologic parameters of thepatient 117 while the signals from the encoder may contain information about thesensor 114 to allow themonitor 102 to select appropriate algorithms and/or calibration coefficients for calculating the patient's 117 physiological characteristics. - As previously discussed, the
monitor 102 may include atransceiver 112. Thetransceiver 112 may include areceiver 128 and atransmitter 130. Thereceiver 128 may receive transmitted signals from thetransmitter 122 of thesensor 114 while thetransmitter 130 of themonitor 102 may operate to transmit signals to thereceiver 126 of thesensor 114. In this manner, thesensor 114 may wirelessly communicate with the monitor 102 (i.e., thesensor 114 may be a wireless sensor 114). Themonitor 102 may further include one ormore processors 132 coupled to aninternal bus 134. Also connected to the bus may be aRAM memory 136 and thedisplay 104. A time processing unit (TPU) 138 may provide timing control signals tolight drive circuitry 140, which controls (e.g., via the transmitter 130), when theemitter 116 is activated, and if multiple light sources are used, the multiplexed timing for the different light sources.TPU 138 may also control the gating-in of signals fromdetector 118 through anamplifier 142 and aswitching circuit 134. Theamplifier 142 may amplify, for example, the signals from thedetector 118 received at thereceiver 128. TheTPU 138 may control the gating-in of signals fromdetector 118 through anamplifier 142 to insure that the signals are sampled at the proper time, which may depend at least in part upon which of multiple light sources is activated, if multiple light sources are used. The received signal from thedetector 118 may be passed through an (optional)amplifier 146, alow pass filter 148, and an analog-to-digital converter 150 for amplifying, filtering, and digitizing the electrical signals the from thesensor 114. The digital data may then be stored in a queued serial module (QSM) 152, for later downloading to RAM 136 asQSM 152 fills up. In an embodiment, there may be multiple parallel paths of separate amplifier, filter, and A/D converters for multiple light wavelengths or spectra received. - In an embodiment, based at least in part upon the received signals corresponding to the light received by
detector 118,processor 122 may calculate the oxygen saturation using various algorithms. These algorithms may use coefficients, which may be empirically determined, and may correspond to the wavelengths of light used. The algorithms may be stored in aROM 154 and accessed and operated according toprocessor 122 instructions. Themonitor 102 may also include a detector/decoder 155 that may receive signals (via the receiver 128) from theencoder 120. The detector/decoder 155 may, for instance, decode the signals from theencoder 120 and may provide the decoded information to theprocessor 132. The decoded signals may provide information to the processor such as the type of thesensor 114 and the wavelengths of light emitted by theemitter 116 so that proper calibration coefficients and/or algorithms to be used for calculating the patient's 117 physiological characteristics may be selected and utilized by theprocessor 132. - The
monitor 102 may also include apower source 156 that may be used to transmit power to the components located in themonitor 102. In one embodiment, thepower source 156 may be one or more batteries, such as a rechargeable battery. The battery may be user-removable or may be secured within the housing of themonitor 102. Use of a battery may, for example, allow theoximeter 100 to be highly portable, thus allowing a user to carry and use theoximeter 100 in a variety of situations and locations. Additionally, thepower source 156 may include AC power, such as provided by an electrical outlet, and thepower source 156 may be connected to the AC power via a power adapter through a power cord (not shown). This power adapter may also be used to directly recharge one or more batteries of thepower source 156 and/or to power thepulse oximeter 100. In this manner, the power adapter may operate as acharging device 158. - The
sensor 114 may also include a chargingcontrol circuit 162, which may, for example, allow for the adaptive control of wireless energy harvested from the chargingdevice 115 for use in thepower source 160 of thesensor 114. In one embodiment, thepower source 160 may be one or more batteries, such as a rechargeable battery that may be user-removable or may be secured within the housing of thesensor 114. Alternatively, thepower source 160 may be one or more capacitors for storage of charge. The chargingcontrol circuit 162 may, for example, include a processing circuit that may determine the current level of charge remaining in thepower source 160, as well as the current amount of power being harvested by the charging device. For example, the chargingcontrol circuit 162 may determine if thecharging device 115 is generating too little power to charge thepower source 160. In response to determining that thecharging device 115 is generating too little power to charge thepower source 160 and that thepower source 160 is low on power, the chargingcontrol circuit 162 may generate an error signal that may be transmitted to themonitor 102 for generation of a corresponding error message for display on thedisplay 104 of themonitor 102 by, for example, theprocessor 132. The error message may indicate to a user that thesensor 102 is low on power and may also direct the user to take action, such as changing the power source 160 (i.e., installing new batteries), charging the power source 160 (i.e. by plugging thesensor 102 into a charging unit or into an electrical outlet via a power adapter). Alternatively, the error message may indicate to a user that the recharging system of the sensor is potentially malfunctioning, and may direct the user, for example, to replace thesensor 114. In one embodiment, the error message may be generated when the chargingcontrol circuit 162 determines that thepower source 160 has reached a certain charge level, for example 20% of the total charge remains in thepower source 160. Additionally, as described below in greater detail, the chargingcontrol circuit 162 may also include conversion translation circuitry, such as a rectifier circuit, for conversion of alternating current generated via thecharging device 115 into direct current. - Furthermore, the charging
device 115 may be one of a multitude of energy harvesting components that utilize, for example, inductive energy generation techniques and/or piezoelectric energy generation techniques. Through use of these techniques, power may be harvested, for example, through motion of apatient 117, and utilized to directly recharge one or more batteries (or capacitors) of thepower source 160 and/or to power thesensor 114.FIG. 3 illustrates a first embodiment of acharging device 115. - The charging
device 115 may include anenergy harvester 164 that includes acase 166, amagnet 168, one ormore buffers 170, acoil 172, and one or more leads 174. It should be noted that one ormore energy harvesters 164 may be utilized in conjunction with one another and that theenergy harvester 164 may be sized to be imbedded in thesensor 114 or attached thereto. For example, theenergy harvester 164, as well as the components that make up theenergy harvester 164, may be, for example, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and/or nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) made up of components sized between 1 to 100 micrometers. However, theenergy harvester 164, as well as the components that make up theenergy harvester 164, may also be larger than MEMS and NEMS, as long as they may be integrated into or attached to a givensensor 114. - Returning to the components of the
energy harvester 164, thecase 166 may be composed of plastic or any other non-conducting material. Thecase 166 may enclose themagnet 168 and thebuffers 170. Thecase 166 may also be sized to allow lateral movement ofmagnet 168. In one embodiment, thecase 166 is cylindrical in shape. Themagnet 168 may be sized to fit within thecase 166 and move laterally within thecase 166. Themagnet 168 may be a permanent magnet. Themagnet 168 may be capable of sliding from one end of thecase 166 to the other in response to an input of kinetic energy. In one embodiment, the kinetic energy may include patient 117 movement that causes themagnet 168 to move through thecase 166 of theenergy harvester 164. The movement of themagnet 168 through thecase 166 causes the magnet to pass through thecoil 172. Thecoil 172 may be made up of a conductive substance and may be wrapped around thecase 166. In one embodiment, thecoil 172 may be made from coiled aluminum. In another embodiment, thecoil 172 may be made from coiled copper wire. The copper wire may be covered by thin insulation. - As the
magnet 168 passes through thecoil 172, electricity is generated via electromagnetic induction. This electricity may then be transmitted via theleads 174 to the chargingcontrol circuit 162 or directly to thepower source 160. In one embodiment, the generated electricity may be passed through a rectifier circuit, which may be located in, for example, the chargingcontrol circuit 162, and may translate the alternating current generated via electromechanical induction into direct current. The rectifier circuit may, for example, be a full wave rectifier made up of, for example, diodes. The rectification of the electricity by the rectifier circuit may also include smoothing the output of the rectifier circuit. A filter, such as a reservoir capacitor, may be used to smooth the output of the rectifier circuit prior to its transmission to thepower storage device 160. Additionally, it should be noted that theleads 174 may include a single wire, two wires, or three wires (or other conductors) for allowing theleads 174 to conduct one, two, or three phase power. - The
magnet 168 also may contactbuffers 170 as it passes through thecase 166. Thebuffers 170 may be made of elastic material such as rubber. In another embodiment, thebuffers 170 may be springs. Thebuffers 170 at to help conserve the kinetic energy being focused into the slidingmagnet 168 by redirecting themagnet 168 back through thecase 166 when thebuffer 170 is contacted by themagnet 168. In this manner, thebuffers 170 aid in the conversion of kinetic energy into usable electricity. - Another embodiment for the
charging device 115 is illustrated inFIG. 4 . The chargingdevice 115 may include anenergy harvester 176 that includes amass 178 that may be utilized to generate rotational torque. One ormore energy harvesters 176 may be utilized in conjunction with one another and theenergy harvester 176 may be sized to be imbedded in thesensor 114 or attached thereto as MEMS, NEMS, or as other systems. - In operation, the
mass 178 inenergy harvester 176 may be free to rotate circumferentially 180 in response to movements by thepatient 117. Themass 178 may be attached to agear train 182. As themass 178 rotates circumferentially 180, thegear train 182 may operate to transfer the rotational torque from themass 178 to apermanent magnet 184, causing circumferential 180 rotation of themagnet 184. In one embodiment, thegear train 182 is set to create increased rotations of themagnet 184 relative to rotations of themass 178. Themagnet 184 may be positioned adjacent to acoil 186. The rotational motion of themagnet 184 induces an electrical current in thecoil 186 which may be transmitted via conductive leads 188 to the chargingcontrol circuit 162 or directly to thepower source 160. As noted above, the current generated may pass through a rectifier circuit, a transformer, or a phase converter as, for example, part of the chargingcontrol circuit 162. Accordingly, theenergy harvester 176 may convert inputted kinetic energy, for example, movement by apatient 117 causing rotational movement of amass 178, into electricity useable by thepulse oximeter 100. - An additional embodiment for the
charging device 115 is illustrated inFIG. 5 . The chargingdevice 115 may include anenergy harvester 190 that may convert vibratory motion along anaxis 192 into electrical energy. One ormore energy harvesters 190 may be utilized in conjunction with one another and theenergy harvester 190 may be sized to be imbedded in thesensor 114 or attached thereto as MEMS, NEMS, or as other systems. Theenergy harvester 190 may be enclosed by, for example, fourpartitions partitions partitions energy harvester 190 may further include one or more attachment devices, such assprings 202, which may be utilized to suspendenclosure 204 frompartitions springs 202 may allow for reciprocating movement of theenclosure 204 relative topartitions axis 192. This movement of theenclosure 204 may be in response to movement by thepatient 117. - Additionally, the
enclosure 204 of theenergy harvester 190 may include one ormore magnets 206 attached thereto. Accordingly, theenclosure 204, may allow for reciprocating movement of themagnets 206 relative to thepartitions more coils 208 may be attached to thepartitions magnets 206 inductively generates a current in thecoils 208. This induces current incoils 208 may be transmitted via conductive leads 210 to the chargingcontrol circuit 162 or directly to thepower source 160. As noted above, the current generated may pass through a rectifier circuit, a transformer, or a phase converter as, for example, part of the chargingcontrol circuit 162. Accordingly, theenergy harvester 190 may convert inputted kinetic energy, for example, movement by apatient 117 causing reciprocating movement of an enclosure 204 (and thus themagnets 206 attached thereto), into electricity useable by thepulse oximeter 100. -
FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate an embodiment of thecharging device 115 that makes use of apiezoelectric energy harvester 212 in a first and a second position, respectively. One or morepiezoelectric energy harvesters 212 may be utilized in conjunction with one another and thepiezoelectric energy harvester 212 may be sized to be imbedded in thesensor 114 or attached thereto as MEMS, NEMS, or as other systems. -
FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate asensor 114 that may be utilized in conjunction with afinger 214 of apatient 117. As may be seen, theemitter 116 and thedetector 118, as well as thetransceiver 124 are illustrated as elements of thesensor 114. As depicted, theemitter 116 anddetector 118 may be arranged in a reflectance-type configuration in which theemitter 116 anddetector 118 are typically placed on the same side of the sensor site. Reflectance type sensors may operate by emitting light into the tissue (e.g., finger 214) and detecting the reflected light that is transmitted and scattered by the tissue. That is, reflectance type sensors detect light photons that are scattered back to thedetector 118. Thesensor 114 may alternatively be configured as a transmittance type sensor whereby theemitter 116 anddetector 118 are typically placed on differing sides of the sensor site. In this manner, thedetector 118 may detect light that has passed through one side of a tissue site to an opposite side of the tissue site. - As illustrated in both
FIGS. 6A and 6B , thesensor 114 may also include apiezoelectric energy harvester 212. Thepiezoelectric energy harvester 212 may, for example, include apiezoelectric wire 216 contacted at two ends by conductive materials, such as metal, and mounted on a flexible substrate. Thispiezoelectric wire 216 may be comprised of, for example, Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Arium titanate (BaTiO3), Lead titanate (PbTiO3), Lead zirconate titanate (commonly known as PZT), and/or potassium niobate (KNbO3). The piezoelectric wire 216 (as well as any piezoelectric material) has the ability to generate an electric potential in response to applied mechanical stress. Accordingly,piezoelectric wire 216 in thepiezoelectric energy harvester 212 may operate to drive a current back and forth across thepiezoelectric energy harvester 212 as thepiezoelectric wire 216 is stretched, as may be seen inFIG. 6A , and compressed, as may be seen inFIG. 6B . This current may be transmitted to the chargingcontrol circuit 162 or directly to thepower source 160 of thesensor 114. As noted above, the current generated may pass through a rectifier circuit, a transformer, or a phase converter as, for example, part of the chargingcontrol circuit 162. Accordingly, thepiezoelectric energy harvester 212 may convert inputted kinetic energy, for example, movement by apatient 117 such as bending of afinger 214, into electricity useable by thepulse oximeter 100 via thepiezoelectric wire 216. -
FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment whereby thecharging device 115 may be located externally from thesensor 114. As illustrated, the chargingdevice 115 may be attached to thesensor 114 via alead 218. Thelead 218 may be an electrical conductor, such as a power cable, that transmits harvested power to thesensor 114. Thelead 218 may terminate with the chargingdevice 115 which may be integrated into (or be attached to) abracelet 220. Thebracelet 220 may be, for example, a medical bracelet. Furthermore, thelead 218 may be connected to and separated from the chargingdevice 115. That is, thelead 218 may be separable (i.e., releasable) from the chargingdevice 115, thebracelet 220, and/or thesensor 114. Alternatively, thelead 218 may be permanently affixed to thecharging device 115 and/or thebracelet 220. Regardless, by separating thecharging device 115 from thesensor 114, more available area in thebracelet 220 may be available for harvesting of energy viapatient 117 movement. That is, with greater area available for thecharging device 115, a greater number ofenergy harvesters -
FIG. 8 illustrates a second embodiment whereby thecharging device 115 may be located externally from thesensor 114. As illustrated, the chargingdevice 115 may be attached to thesensor 114 via alead 218. Thelead 218 may be an electrical conductor, such as a power cable, that transmits power to thesensor 114 and may terminate with the chargingdevice 115 which may be integrated into (or be attached to) agarment 222. Again, thelead 218 may be separable (i.e., releasable) from the chargingdevice 115, thegarment 222, and/or thesensor 114. Thegarment 222 may be, for example, a shirt or a sleeve of a shirt. The use of the agarment 222 to house the chargingdevice 115 may allow for thecharging device 115 to be expanded in size, or for more than onecharging devices 115 to be utilized in conjunction, while still allowing for thegarment 222 to be comfortably worn. Thus a greater number ofenergy harvesters garment 222, movements of apatient 117 across a plurality of regions of thepatient 117 may be utilized to harvest energy from. That is, movements in the chest, arms, etc. of thepatient 117 may be translated into power for use by thesensor 114. In this manner, a greater number of movements of apatient 117 may be harvested into power for use with thesensor 114 relative toenergy harvesters sensor 114. - While the disclosure may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and have been described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the embodiments provided herein are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Indeed, the disclosed embodiments may not only be applied to measurements of blood oxygen saturation, but these techniques may also be utilized for the measurement and/or analysis of other blood constituents. For example, using the same, different, or additional wavelengths, the present techniques may be utilized for the measurement and/or analysis of carboxyhemoglobin, met-hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, fractional hemoglobin, intravascular dyes, and/or water content. Rather, the various embodiments may cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the following appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A power module for a physiological sensor, comprising:
one or more motion sensitive structures which generate power when moved; and
a connector configured to releasably connect to the physiological sensor, wherein the connector is configured to transmit power generated by the one or more motion sensitive structures to the physiological sensor when connected.
2. The power module of claim 1 , comprising an energy storing structure that is at least partially charged by the one or more motion sensitive structures.
3. The power module of claim 1 , wherein the power module comprises a bracelet.
4. The power module of claim 3 , wherein the one or more motion sensitive structures are affixed to the bracelet.
5. The power module of claim 1 , wherein the power module comprises a garment.
6. The power module of claim 5 , wherein the one or more motion sensitive structures are integrated into the garment.
7. The power module of claim 1 , wherein the one or more motion sensitive structures comprise an inductive energy harvester.
8. The power module of claim 1 , wherein the one or more motion sensitive structures comprise a piezoelectric energy harvester.
9. A system, comprising:
a physiological sensor configured to be disposed on a patient's tissue and to generate data related to one or more physiological parameters of the patient; and
a power module, comprising:
one or more motion sensitive structures which generate power when moved; and
a connector configured to releasably connect to the physiological sensor, wherein the connector is configured to transmit power generated by the one or more motion sensitive structures to the physiological sensor when connected.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the one or more motion sensitive structures comprise:
a case;
a magnet disposed in the case, wherein the case is configured to enable lateral movement of the magnet within the case; and
a coiled conductor disposed about the case, wherein the lateral movement of the magnet comprises lateral movement of the magnet through the coiled conductor.
11. The system of claim 10 , comprising one or more buffers disposed in the case and configured to contact the magnet during the lateral movement of the magnet and to redirect the magnet back through the coiled conductor.
12. The system of claim 10 , comprising a bracelet, wherein the one or more motion sensitive structures are integrated into the bracelet.
13. The system of claim of claim 10 , comprising a garment, wherein the one or more motion sensitive structures are integrated into the garment.
14. The system of claim 9 , wherein the one or more motion sensitive structures comprise a piezoelectric energy harvester.
15. The system of claim 9 , wherein the physiological sensor comprises a pulse oximetry sensor.
16. The system of claim 9 , wherein the physiological sensor comprises an encoder storing information about the physiological sensor, information about the power module, or both.
17. A system, comprising:
a physiological sensor configured to be disposed on a patient's tissue and to generate data related to one or more physiological parameters of the patient; and
a power module, comprising:
one or more motion sensitive structures which generate power when moved; and
a connector configured to releasably connect to the physiological sensor and to releasably connect to the one or more motion sensitive structures, wherein the connector is configured to transmit power generated by the one or more motion sensitive structures to the physiological sensor when connected.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the one or more motion sensitive structures comprise a coiled conductor and a magnet configured to laterally move through the coiled conductor, and wherein the coiled conductor and the magnet are integrated into a bracelet.
19. The system of claim 17 , wherein the one or more motion sensitive structures comprise a piezoelectric energy harvester.
20. The system of claim 17 , wherein the physiological sensor comprises an encoder storing information about the physiological sensor, information about the power module, or both.
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