US20150090378A1 - Method of hot-shaping and hardening a sheet steel blank - Google Patents

Method of hot-shaping and hardening a sheet steel blank Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150090378A1
US20150090378A1 US13/261,782 US201213261782A US2015090378A1 US 20150090378 A1 US20150090378 A1 US 20150090378A1 US 201213261782 A US201213261782 A US 201213261782A US 2015090378 A1 US2015090378 A1 US 2015090378A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
tool pair
temperature
formed product
product
cooled
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Abandoned
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US13/261,782
Inventor
Katarina Eriksson
Jan Larsson
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Gestamp Hardtech AB
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Gestamp Hardtech AB
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Assigned to GESTAMP HARDTECH AB reassignment GESTAMP HARDTECH AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ERIKSSON, KATARINA, LARSSON, JAN
Publication of US20150090378A1 publication Critical patent/US20150090378A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of hot forming and hardening a sheet steel blank by forming the material heated to the austenite range in a tool pair that rapidly cools the shaped product.
  • a steel with bainite structure can have approximately the same high tensile strength as the one obtained with the press-hardening process but the bainite structure is tougher and more ductile than the martensitic structure.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,743 describes a method for bainite hardening. The material is rapidly cooled from the austenite range to just above Ms (the temperature for the start of the formation of martensite) and this temperature is maintained for approximately 10 hours and, toward the end of the holding time, the temperature is raised in order to shorten the hardening time. This process can be used for roller bearings.
  • the formed product is rapidly cooled until the product's temperature drops below the temperature for the start of the formation of martensite and the product's temperature is then raised until it exceeds the temperature for the start of the formation of martensite and is maintained there until bainite is formed.
  • the times and the temperatures for the formation of martensite and the formation of bainite can be selected so that the material comes to contain more than 50% by volume bainite.
  • the forming and the rapid cooling take a few seconds while maintaining the heat takes a few minutes.
  • the time for maintaining the heat (the holding time) can be utilized for subsequent working, e.g. edge cutting.
  • FIG. 1 is a time-temperature diagram for an example of a process in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram that shows the process.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram with an austenitic phase in a furnace 11 , a forming phase in a cooled forming tool 12 , and a subsequent temperature holding in a furnace 13 .
  • the temperature curve in FIG. 1 for an example of a process in accordance with the invention shows a first part 20 that is the heating in a furnace of a blank to the austenite range.
  • the moving of the material to a cooled forming tool pair normally takes 5-10 seconds and entails a small reduction of temperature.
  • the forming in the cold tool pair is in the order of magnitude of one or a few seconds but the product must remain in the tools until it is rapidly cooled to somewhat below Ms (the temperature for the start of a formation of martensite).
  • Ms the temperature for the start of a formation of martensite
  • the formation of martensite is instantaneous and is a function of the temperature but is not a function of the time. This cooling is accordingly carried out with the tool pair as fixture.
  • the forming and rapid cooling is designated as 22 .
  • the product is rapidly taken out of the tool pair and the started formation of martensite generates heat and entails an elevation of temperature 23 that may exceed Ms. Additional heat can be used, e.g., induction heat or radiant heat in order to rapidly bring the temperature up above Ms.
  • the product is then moved to a furnace where the product is maintained at a rather even temperature somewhat above Ms for a number of minutes represented by the curve part 24 .
  • the product is thereafter cooled down in the air, which is represented by the dashed curve part 25 or is speeded up as is represented by the curve part 26 .
  • the start of formation of martensite favours the formation of bainite and the holding time for the formation of bainite is shortened, generally to less than half an hour or below 10 minutes or even below 1 min. This is a prerequisite for an economical process
  • the amount of martensite can be predetermined by selecting how much the temperature is lowered below Ms.
  • the temperature for the formation of bainite can be made to vary by a few tens of degrees and therefore the holding time can be used for subsequent working, e.g. edge cutting, which is advantageous to carry out before the material reaches its full hardness, since this reduces the wear on the tool and also reduces the risk for the initiation of fissures and the following formation of fissures when the product is used.
  • the subsequent working can also be integrated into the shaping tool and be integrated in the curve part 22 , i.e. it can be carried out before or during the formation of martensite.
  • the product can be formed in a first tool pair and cooled down to just over Ms and the formed product can then be moved to a second tool pair that makes the fixture and cools the product down to somewhat below Ms.
  • This second tool pair can carry out the subsequent work at the same time, e.g. edge cutting, before the product is moved to the furnace for maintaining the heat.
  • the subsequent working can be integrated in the first tool pair.
  • the two tool pairs can work simultaneously, which shortens the cycle time.
  • Boron steel is used in conventional press hardening, that is, a carbon-manganese steel with boron, that completely hardens to martensite.
  • a carbon-silicon-manganese steel can be suitably used in a process in accordance with the invention.
  • the steel can have a carbon content of 0.2-0.3 weight %, a manganese content of 1-2 weight % and a silicon content of 1-2 weight %.
  • chromium and other customary alloy substances with a total content less than 1 weight % may be present. Silicon prevents the separation of cementite and creates the desired microstructure.

Abstract

A sheet steel blank is heated to the austenite range and formed in a cooled tool pair that rapidly cools the formed product until the product's temperature drops somewhat below the temperature Ms for the start of the formation of martensite. The cooling is rapidly interrupted and the product's temperature is raised until it exceeds Ms and is maintained there until the material comes to contain more than 50% by volume bainite. The short time under the Ms temperature favours the formation of bainite and shortens the holding time.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention relates to a method of hot forming and hardening a sheet steel blank by forming the material heated to the austenite range in a tool pair that rapidly cools the shaped product.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • In the automotive industry products of high strength steel are being used more and more that are formed and hardened with press-hardening technology, that is, a sheet steel blank of hardenable boron steel is heated to the austenite range and is formed in a cooled tool pair and maintained in the tool pair with the tool pair as a fixture for several seconds so that the formed product obtains a martensitic structure. This process yields a tensile strength of above 1400 MPa. The subsequent working, e.g., punching or laser cutting of edges is made on hardened material but sometimes a rapid cooling of portions that are to be subsequently worked is prevented in order to avoid the working of fully hardened material.
  • A steel with bainite structure can have approximately the same high tensile strength as the one obtained with the press-hardening process but the bainite structure is tougher and more ductile than the martensitic structure. U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,743 describes a method for bainite hardening. The material is rapidly cooled from the austenite range to just above Ms (the temperature for the start of the formation of martensite) and this temperature is maintained for approximately 10 hours and, toward the end of the holding time, the temperature is raised in order to shorten the hardening time. This process can be used for roller bearings.
    • PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION
  • It is an object of the invention to produce, in an economical manner, products that have better material properties than those that are produced with conventional press hardening. Another object is to create the possibility of subsequent working before the product fully hardens.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The formed product is rapidly cooled until the product's temperature drops below the temperature for the start of the formation of martensite and the product's temperature is then raised until it exceeds the temperature for the start of the formation of martensite and is maintained there until bainite is formed. The times and the temperatures for the formation of martensite and the formation of bainite can be selected so that the material comes to contain more than 50% by volume bainite. The forming and the rapid cooling take a few seconds while maintaining the heat takes a few minutes. The time for maintaining the heat (the holding time) can be utilized for subsequent working, e.g. edge cutting.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a time-temperature diagram for an example of a process in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram that shows the process.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram with an austenitic phase in a furnace 11, a forming phase in a cooled forming tool 12, and a subsequent temperature holding in a furnace 13.
  • The temperature curve in FIG. 1 for an example of a process in accordance with the invention shows a first part 20 that is the heating in a furnace of a blank to the austenite range. The moving of the material to a cooled forming tool pair (curve part 21 in the temperature curve) normally takes 5-10 seconds and entails a small reduction of temperature. The forming in the cold tool pair is in the order of magnitude of one or a few seconds but the product must remain in the tools until it is rapidly cooled to somewhat below Ms (the temperature for the start of a formation of martensite). The formation of martensite is instantaneous and is a function of the temperature but is not a function of the time. This cooling is accordingly carried out with the tool pair as fixture. The forming and rapid cooling is designated as 22. The product is rapidly taken out of the tool pair and the started formation of martensite generates heat and entails an elevation of temperature 23 that may exceed Ms. Additional heat can be used, e.g., induction heat or radiant heat in order to rapidly bring the temperature up above Ms. The product is then moved to a furnace where the product is maintained at a rather even temperature somewhat above Ms for a number of minutes represented by the curve part 24. The product is thereafter cooled down in the air, which is represented by the dashed curve part 25 or is speeded up as is represented by the curve part 26.
  • The start of formation of martensite favours the formation of bainite and the holding time for the formation of bainite is shortened, generally to less than half an hour or below 10 minutes or even below 1 min. This is a prerequisite for an economical process The amount of martensite can be predetermined by selecting how much the temperature is lowered below Ms. The temperature for the formation of bainite can be made to vary by a few tens of degrees and therefore the holding time can be used for subsequent working, e.g. edge cutting, which is advantageous to carry out before the material reaches its full hardness, since this reduces the wear on the tool and also reduces the risk for the initiation of fissures and the following formation of fissures when the product is used. The subsequent working can also be integrated into the shaping tool and be integrated in the curve part 22, i.e. it can be carried out before or during the formation of martensite.
  • In a modified process the product can be formed in a first tool pair and cooled down to just over Ms and the formed product can then be moved to a second tool pair that makes the fixture and cools the product down to somewhat below Ms. This second tool pair can carry out the subsequent work at the same time, e.g. edge cutting, before the product is moved to the furnace for maintaining the heat. Alternatively, the subsequent working can be integrated in the first tool pair. The two tool pairs can work simultaneously, which shortens the cycle time.
  • Boron steel is used in conventional press hardening, that is, a carbon-manganese steel with boron, that completely hardens to martensite. A carbon-silicon-manganese steel can be suitably used in a process in accordance with the invention. The steel can have a carbon content of 0.2-0.3 weight %, a manganese content of 1-2 weight % and a silicon content of 1-2 weight %. In addition, chromium and other customary alloy substances with a total content less than 1 weight % may be present. Silicon prevents the separation of cementite and creates the desired microstructure.

Claims (18)

1. A method of hot shaping and hardening a sheet steel blank by forming the blank, heated to the austenite range, in a tool pair that rapidly cools the formed product,
characterized in
that the formed product is cooled until the product's temperature drops below the temperature for the start of the formation of martensite, Ms, and the product's temperature is then raised until it exceeds the temperature for the start of the formation of martensite and is maintained hot so that bainite is formed.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the raised heat is maintained for a holding time of 1-20 minutes.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that temperatures are selected so that the material comes to contain more than 50% by vol. bainite.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formed product is subsequently worked directly in the tool pair.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material is cooled and shaped in a first tool pair down to a temperature exceeding Ms and the shaped blank is then moved to a second tool pair and cooled further to a temperature below Ms with this tool pair as a fixture.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the formed product is subsequently worked in the first tool pair.
7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the formed product is subsequently worked in the second tool pair.
8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the formed product is subsequently worked directly in the tool pair.
9. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the formed product is subsequently worked directly in the tool pair.
10. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the material is cooled and shaped in a first tool pair down to a temperature exceeding Ms and the shaped blank is then moved to a second tool pair and cooled further to a temperature below Ms with this tool pair as a fixture.
11. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the material is cooled and shaped in a first tool pair down to a temperature exceeding Ms and the shaped blank is then moved to a second tool pair and cooled further to a temperature below Ms with this tool pair as a fixture.
12. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the material is cooled and shaped in a first tool pair down to a temperature exceeding Ms and the shaped blank is then moved to a second tool pair and cooled further to a temperature below Ms with this tool pair as a fixture.
13. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the formed product is subsequently worked in the first tool pair.
14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the formed product is subsequently worked in the first tool pair.
15. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the formed product is subsequently worked in the first tool pair.
16. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the formed product is subsequently worked in the second tool pair.
17. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the formed product is subsequently worked in the second tool pair.
18. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the formed product is subsequently worked in the second tool pair.
US13/261,782 2011-07-06 2012-07-04 Method of hot-shaping and hardening a sheet steel blank Abandoned US20150090378A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1100523A SE1100523A1 (en) 2011-07-06 2011-07-06 Ways to heat mold and harden a sheet metal blank
SE1100523-8 2011-07-06
PCT/SE2012/000104 WO2013006108A1 (en) 2011-07-06 2012-07-04 A method of hot-shaping and hardening a sheet steel blank

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US20150090378A1 true US20150090378A1 (en) 2015-04-02

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US (1) US20150090378A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2729587A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2014524979A (en)
KR (1) KR20140051934A (en)
CN (1) CN103582707A (en)
SE (1) SE1100523A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2013006108A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

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EP3327152A1 (en) * 2016-11-29 2018-05-30 Tata Steel UK Ltd Method for hot-forming a steel blank
US11050383B2 (en) 2019-05-21 2021-06-29 Nextracker Inc Radial cam helix with 0 degree stow for solar tracker
US11159120B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2021-10-26 Nextracker Inc. Multiple actuator system for solar tracker
US11387771B2 (en) 2018-06-07 2022-07-12 Nextracker Llc Helical actuator system for solar tracker

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CN110023518A (en) 2016-11-29 2019-07-16 塔塔钢铁艾默伊登有限责任公司 Manufacture the method for articles thermoformed therefrom and the product of acquisition
CA3057804C (en) 2017-03-24 2020-04-07 Nippon Steel Corporation Hat member

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EP3327152A1 (en) * 2016-11-29 2018-05-30 Tata Steel UK Ltd Method for hot-forming a steel blank
US11159120B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2021-10-26 Nextracker Inc. Multiple actuator system for solar tracker
US11283395B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2022-03-22 Nextracker Inc. Multiple actuator system for solar tracker
US11711051B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2023-07-25 Nextracker Llc Multiple actuator system for solar tracker
US11387771B2 (en) 2018-06-07 2022-07-12 Nextracker Llc Helical actuator system for solar tracker
US11050383B2 (en) 2019-05-21 2021-06-29 Nextracker Inc Radial cam helix with 0 degree stow for solar tracker
US11705859B2 (en) 2019-05-21 2023-07-18 Nextracker Llc Radial cam helix with 0 degree stow for solar tracker

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SE535821C2 (en) 2013-01-02
KR20140051934A (en) 2014-05-02
EP2729587A1 (en) 2014-05-14
SE1100523A1 (en) 2013-01-02
JP2014524979A (en) 2014-09-25
CN103582707A (en) 2014-02-12
WO2013006108A1 (en) 2013-01-10
EP2729587A4 (en) 2015-03-18

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