US20140115883A1 - Aqueous chemical leak detection cable - Google Patents
Aqueous chemical leak detection cable Download PDFInfo
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- US20140115883A1 US20140115883A1 US14/147,738 US201414147738A US2014115883A1 US 20140115883 A1 US20140115883 A1 US 20140115883A1 US 201414147738 A US201414147738 A US 201414147738A US 2014115883 A1 US2014115883 A1 US 2014115883A1
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- conductive
- aqueous
- base member
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- sensor cables
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- H05K13/0023—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or adjusting assemblages of electric components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
- G01M3/165—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means by means of cables or similar elongated devices, e.g. tapes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
Definitions
- Aqueous chemical fluid leaks can occur in commercial, industrial and residential environments. Aqueous chemical fluid leaks can cause serious damage to various types of components, especially components that are sensitive to aqueous chemical fluids. For example, certain types of aqueous chemicals are capable of dissolving insulation on wires. Other types of aqueous chemical fluids may have a corrosive effect on other materials, such as metal. Hence, early detection of aqueous chemical leaks can be very beneficial.
- the process of detecting aqueous chemical leaks can employ the use of a detection cable that is connected to a monitor that provides an alarm upon detection of a leak.
- the alarm can be an auditory alarm and/or can communicate the alarm information through various communication devices.
- Monitors are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,212,009 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,144,209, and in the U.S. non-provisional application filed May 12, 2009, by Donald M. Raymond, entitled Twisted Leak Detection Cable” (Attorney Docket No. RLET.09USU1), which are specifically incorporated herein by reference for all they disclose and teach.
- An embodiment of the present invention may therefore comprise a method of making an aqueous chemical leak detection cable for sensing aqueous chemicals comprising: forming a base member that is made from a non-conductive polymer that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals, the base member having two insulating lobes that form two interstices on opposite sides of the base member, the base member having at least one conductor wire disposed in at least one lobe of the base member; placing sensor cables in each of the two interstices that have a conductive polymer coating that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals, the sensor cables having a sensor wire disposed in each of the sensor cables that is protected from the aqueous chemicals by the conductive polymer coating; wrapping at least one non-conductive, non-hygroscopic monofilament fiber, that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals, in a spiral around an outer surface of at least one of the sensor cables to form a non-conductive monofilament outer insulating layer that substantially covers the outer surface of
- An embodiment of the present invention may further comprise a method of making an aqueous chemical leak detection cable for sensing aqueous chemicals comprising: forming a base member that is made from a non-conductive polymer that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals, the base member having two insulating lobes that form two interstices on opposite sides of the base member, the base member having at least one conductor wire disposed in at least one lobe of the base member; placing sensor cables in each of the two interstices that have a conductive polymer coating that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals, the sensor cables having a sensor wire disposed in each of the sensor cables that is protected from the aqueous chemicals by the conductive polymer coating; surrounding an outer surface of at least one of the sensor cables with braided, non-conductive, non-hygroscopic monofilament fibers to form a non-conductive, braided fiber outer insulating layer that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals and that substantially covers the conductive polymer coating
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable.
- FIG. 2 is an end view of the aqueous chemical leak detection cable of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable.
- FIG. 4 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable.
- FIG. 5 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable.
- FIG. 6 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable.
- FIG. 7 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable.
- FIG. 8 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection
- FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the sensor cable.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the sensor cable.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the sensor cable.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 100 .
- the aqueous chemical leak detector cable 100 includes a first lobe 102 and a second lobe 104 that are coupled together and twisted in a spiral or helix configuration. Disposed in the two interstitial spaces between the lobes 102 , 104 are two sensor cables 106 , 108 .
- the two sensor cables 106 , 108 are on opposite sides of the detector cable 100 to prevent the detector cable 100 from being shorted out, or otherwise generating a false positive detection of a leak, if a conductive surface comes into contact with the detector cable 100 .
- FIG. 2 is an end view of the detector cable 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- lobe 102 is coupled or joined to lobe 104
- sensor cable 106 and sensor cable 108 are disposed in the interstices 130 , 132 between the union 126 of the lobes 102 , 104 .
- the union 126 is the region in which the lobes 102 , 104 are joined together.
- One typical method of manufacturing the detector cable 100 includes the use of a cross die to extrude the base 128 , together with the conductive feedback wires 122 , 124 , in a cross die polymer extrusion process, such as those that are typically used for forming insulated wires.
- the cross die may have a shape that matches the shape of the base 128 .
- the lobes 102 , 104 can be separately formed and twisted together and heated, or held together or twisted together during the extrusion process, to create the base 128 having a union 126 that joins the lobes 102 , 104 .
- other alternative processes can be used for creating the base 128 , as are well-known in the art.
- the juxtaposition and joining of the lobes 102 , 104 creates interstices 130 , 132 adjacent and proximate to union 126 .
- sensor cables 106 , 108 situated within interstices 130 , 132 are sensor cables 106 , 108 . Also, the sensor cables 106 , 108 can be first placed in the interstices 130 , 132 , respectively, and the entire assembly can then be twisted into a helix. The twisting assists in holding the sensor cables 106 , 108 in the interstices 130 , 132 .
- Sensor cables 106 , 108 have a conductive polymer coating 110 , 112 that surrounds and protects sensor wires 114 , 116 .
- the conductive polymer coating 110 , 112 is resistant to corrosion by various aqueous chemicals that the detector cable 100 is designed to detect, as well as other aqueous chemicals that may affect the detector cable 100 .
- each of the sensor cables 106 , 108 are periodically exposed to a surface along the length of the detector cable 100 , so that aqueous chemicals that are disposed on the surface provide a conductive path between sensor cables 106 , 108 .
- Sensor cables 106 , 108 include sensor wires 114 , 116 that are in conductive contact with conductive polymer coatings 110 , 112 , respectively.
- Sensor wires 114 , 116 can be resistive wires that indicate the location of the detection of the aqueous chemical leak by measuring the total resistance in the monitor. Alternatively, other techniques can be used, such as time domain reflectometry to measure the location of the leak, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
- the layout of the lobes 102 , 104 and the sensor cables 106 , 108 that are disposed in interstices 130 , 132 have a geometry that prevents most false detections of aqueous chemical liquids.
- existing sensor cables do not use larger lobes that provide the large interstices 130 , 132 .
- the large interstices 130 , 132 result in the sensor cables 106 , 108 being recessed, which further assists in protecting the sensor cables 106 , 108 from false detections.
- the insulator 120 may be made from a material that has affinity to the conductive polymer coatings 110 , 112 . This further assists in holding the sensor cables 106 , 108 in the interstices 130 , 132 , respectively. Materials that have affinity are specifically set forth in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/464,787, filed May 12, 2009, by Donald M. Raymond, entitled “Twisted Leak Detection Cable” (Attorney Docket No. RLET.09USU1), which is specifically incorporated herein by reference for all that it discloses and teaches.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 300 .
- the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 300 includes lobes 302 , 304 that are joined together in the same manner as described above.
- Lobes 302 , 304 form interstices 330 , 332 .
- Sensor cables 306 , 308 are placed in interstices 330 , 332 , respectively.
- Sensor cable 306 includes a sensor wire 314 that is surrounded by a conductive polymer coating.
- sensor cable 308 has a sensor wire 316 that is covered by a conductive polymer coating 312 .
- the conductive polymer coatings 310 , 312 , as well as the insulators 318 , 320 of base 328 , are made from a polymer material that is resistant to corrosion by various aqueous chemicals to which these polymers may be contacted.
- these polymer materials may comprise PVC, polyolefin, PVDF, TPE, TPR, CPE, polyester elastomer, PVDF, nylon, PET, polyurethane or fluoropolymer, which have carbon particles dispersed throughout to provide conductivity.
- the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 300 that is illustrated in FIG. 3 , is also twisted in a helix or spiral.
- lobe 304 contains a single feedback wire 322 for communicating information to a monitor that detects and locates the position of an aqueous chemical leak along the length of the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 300 . Since it is possible to perform monitoring with a single feedback cable, a similar feedback wire is not included in the embodiment of FIG. 3 in lobe 302 .
- FIG. 4 is a schematic end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 400 .
- the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 400 includes a lobe 402 and a lobe 404 .
- Lobe 402 and lobe 404 are joined together so that interstices 430 and interstices 432 are formed between lobes 402 , 404 .
- Sensor cables 406 , 408 are disposed in interstices 430 , 432 , respectively.
- Sensor cable 406 includes a sensor conductor 414 that is covered by a conductive polymer coating 410 .
- Sensor cable 408 includes a sensor conductor 416 that is covered by a conductive polymer coating 412 .
- Sensor cable 408 also includes a non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer 418 that surrounds the conductive polymer coating 412 .
- the non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer 418 can comprise braided or woven strands of Nomex, a registered trademark of Dupont, which comprises aromatic nylon, the meta-variant of the para-aramid Kevlar.
- Nomex a registered trademark of Dupont
- Dupont which comprises aromatic nylon, the meta-variant of the para-aramid Kevlar.
- poly-meta-phenylene isophthalamide strands or fibers may be used.
- Kevlar can also be used for the braided strands.
- Kevlar is also a registered trademark of Dupont Corporation. Kevlar is considered to be a strong, para-aramid synthetic fiber that is related to other aramids, such as Nomex and Technora, which is also a registered trademark of Dupont Corporation.
- the non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer 418 can alternatively comprise a non-braided, non-conductive, continuous polymer coating that is porous to aqueous chemicals.
- Porous polymer coverings for conductors can be obtained from Northwire, Inc., Osceola, Wis., and Putnam Plastics, Dayville, Conn.
- This continuous, non-braided, non-conductive polymer coating provides a fluid transmission path for aqueous chemicals that permits the fluid aqueous chemicals to pass through the continuous, non-braided, non-conductive polymer coating and make electrical contact or ionic contact with the conductive polymer coating 412 .
- Conductive polymer coating 412 is not porous and protects the sensor conductor 416 from the aqueous chemicals, while still allowing a conduction path to be created between the aqueous chemicals and the sensor conductor 416 .
- the continuous, non-braided, non-conductive polymer coating provides an insulation layer that electrically insulates the conductive polymer coating 412 from non-liquid materials which may include contaminants, metal surfaces or materials, that could provide a conductive path between the conductive polymer coating 410 and the conductive polymer coating 412 .
- airborne ionic particulates may accumulate on surfaces such as the surface of the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 400 , especially in high humidity environments.
- Non-conductive, liquid pervious layer 418 is a non-conductive, porous, non-braided, continuous covering and is pervious to aqueous chemicals, which provides a conduction path between conductive polymer coating 410 and conductive polymer coating 412 .
- pores do not comprise spaces, such as the spaces between braided or woven fibers, but are disposed in a continuous covering that is porous to aqueous chemicals.
- the pores of the non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer 418 are different from the spaces that exist between braided strands.
- the pores in the non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer 418 may be sufficiently small to be impervious to metal particles and other contaminants.
- FIG. 5 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 500 .
- the aqueous chemical leak detection cable includes lobes 502 , 504 , as well as sensor cables 506 , 508 that are disposed in interstices 530 , 532 , respectively, that are formed between lobes 502 , 504 .
- Sensor cable 506 includes a conductive polymer coating 510 , which surrounds the sensor wire 514 .
- Sensor cable 508 includes, or may not include, an optional non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer 524 that surrounds a conductive polymer coating 512 , which, in turn, surrounds sensor wire 516 .
- Lobe 502 is constructed from an insulator 520
- lobe 504 is constructed of an insulator 518 .
- a single feedback wire 522 is disposed in lobe 504 .
- FIG. 6 is a schematic end view of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 600 .
- the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 600 includes a lobe 602 and a lobe 604 that comprise a base 610 .
- the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 600 includes sensor cables 606 , 608 .
- the sensor cables 606 , 608 include a conductive polymer coating 612 , 613 that surround sensor wires.
- the conductive polymer coatings 612 , 613 are surrounded by an optional non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer 614 .
- the optional, non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer 614 may comprise braided, non-conductive, non-hygroscopic fibers that surround and insulate the conductive polymer coating 612 , 613 .
- the optional, non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer 614 , 616 may comprise a continuous, non-braided, non-conductive coating that is porous to aqueous chemicals and that surrounds the conductive polymer coating 612 , 613 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates that both, either and/or neither sensor cables 606 , 608 are surrounded by the optional, non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layers 614 , 616 , which further assist in preventing conduction between the sensor cables 606 and 608 , as a result of non-liquid residues, ionic conduction paths created by solid contaminants, and other contamination that does not comprise a liquid aqueous chemical.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 700 .
- the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 700 includes lobes 702 , 704 that form a base 722 .
- the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 700 also includes sensor cables 706 , 708 , that may or may not include optional, non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layers 718 , 720 .
- Inside lobe 702 are two wires, 710 , 712
- lobe 704 includes feedback wires 714 , 716 .
- the two feedback wires 714 , 716 are used to assist in completing the circuit for the monitoring of leaks, while the other two wires may be used for communication, power, and/or other purposes.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 800 .
- base 826 includes lobes 802 , 804 .
- the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 800 also includes sensor cables 806 , 808 that may or may not have optional, non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layers 822 , 824 .
- either one or both, or neither, of the sensor cables 806 , 808 may include a non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer.
- the non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer may comprise either the braided fibers or the porous, continuous covering. As also shown in FIG.
- lobe 802 includes feedback wires 810 , 812 , 814 .
- lobe 804 includes wires 816 , 818 , 820 .
- One or two of these wires may be used in communicating leak detection information, while the other wires may be used for communication and/or power, etc.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a sensor cable 900 .
- a monofilament 902 is wrapper in a spiral fashion tightly around sensor cable 900 , which creates an interstitial opening 910 between the windings of the monofilament 902 .
- the monofilament 902 is wrapped in tight spirals around the conductive polymer coating 904 to substantially cover the sensor cable 900 .
- the tightly wound monofilament 902 provides a non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer for the conductive polymer coating 904 .
- Aqueous chemicals can flow through the interstitial opening 910 to contact a conductive polymer coating 904 of the sensor cable 900 .
- the monofilament 902 can be made from various materials that have different chemical resistances to different chemicals. For example, if the sensor cable 900 is to be used in very strong acids, a particular material may be used in monofilament 902 that is particularly resistant to strong acids. For example, a Nomex fiber may not be suitable for some strong acids.
- the monofilament 902 can be made of any kind of plastic and may be an extrusion over another filament.
- some of the plastics may include PVC, polyester, various types of fluoropolymers, aromatic nylon, poly-meta-phenylene isophthalamide, para-aramid synthetic fibers, Teflon, Kevlar or any plastic material that is resistant to the particular aqueous chemical being detected.
- the monofilament 902 can be tailored made to match the material of the conductive polymer coating 904 , if desired.
- the interstitial opening 910 is sufficiently small that the sensor cable 900 will not be shorted out by pieces of metal that could fit in the interstitial opening 910 .
- the interstitial opening 910 is a very fine slot that does not allow metal pieces to penetrate the monofilament 902 .
- the monofilament 902 is wrapped spirally around the outer surface of the conductive polymer coating 904 .
- the monofilament may have a diameter of approximately 1-2 mm, but may be as large as 10-20 mm.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a sensor cable 1000 .
- monofilament 1002 and monofilament 1004 are wrapped in a spiral fashion around the sensor cable 1000 .
- Monofilament 1002 and monofilament 1004 are wrapped tightly and closely around the conductive polymer coating 1006 , which covers the sensor wire 1008 .
- Interstitial openings 1010 , 1012 are created between the monofilament 2002 , 1004 .
- Interstitial openings 1010 , 1012 again, are small and protect the conductive polymer coating 1006 from shorting out.
- Monofilaments 1002 , 1004 can be made of the same material and have the same diameter, or can be made of different materials and can be made with different diameters. Again, the diameters of monofilaments 1002 , 1004 can be 1-2 mm in diameter, but may be as large as 10-20 mm in diameter.
- Monofilaments 1002 , 1004 can also be constructed of any of the materials described above.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of a sensor cable 1100 .
- the monofilaments 1102 , 1104 are woven around the conductive polymer coating 1106 .
- Sensor wire 1108 is disposed within the conductive polymer coating 1106 .
- the monofilaments 1102 , 1104 may be made from the same size materials and from the same materials as the monofilaments illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 .
- Numerous interstitial openings, such as interstitial opening 1110 are created between the weaving of the monofilaments 1102 and 1104 .
- the weaving or braiding of the monofilaments 1102 , 1104 help to maintain the monofilaments 1102 , 1104 at fixed locations with respect to each other, so that the size of the interstitial openings, such as interstitial opening 1110 , do not vary substantially.
- the sensor cables 900 , 1000 and 1100 are placed between the lobes, such as lobes 102 , 104 , as illustrated in FIG. 1 , to create an aqueous chemical leak detection cable, such as aqueous chemical leak detection cable 100 .
- the various embodiments of the aqueous chemical leak detection cable disclose a cable that is capable of detecting aqueous chemical leaks, which uses a conductive polymer coating that surrounds sensor wires, and that are resistant to corrosion by aqueous chemicals and protects the sensor wires.
- a base portion includes feedback wires for communicating information to a monitoring system. Additional wires can be disposed in the lobes that can be used for communicating data and/or providing power.
- Non-conductive layers that are pervious to aqueous chemicals can also be used on one or both of the sensor cables to assist in preventing false detection of aqueous chemical leaks resulting from contaminants, especially solid contaminants.
- Braided, non-conductive fibers that are non-hygroscopic can be used for the non-conductive, liquid pervious layer. These braided fibers dry quickly because the non-hygroscopic properties.
- a continuous coating can be used of a continuous, non-conductive porous polymer that is pervious to aqueous chemical liquids. Both the braided fibers and the continuous, non-conductive porous polymer may be constructed of materials that have affinity to the materials of the base from which the insulative material of the lobes are formed. In this manner, the affinity between the materials helps to maintain the sensor cables in the interstices between the lobes.
- a conductive polymer material may be used that has affinity to the insulative material of the base, so that the sensor cables are maintained within the interstices between the lobes of the base.
Abstract
Disclosed are aqueous chemical leak detection cables that provide protection to sensor wires by using a conductive polymer coating that is resistant to corrosion by aqueous chemicals. In addition, non-conductive, liquid pervious layers may surround one or more of the sensor wires to assist in preventing false detection of an aqueous chemical leak as a result of various non-liquid contaminants. The non-conductive, liquid pervious layer may comprise spirally wrapped or braided, non-hygroscopic, non-conductive monofilament fibers, or a continuous, non-conductive pervious coating.
Description
- The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/535,779, entitled “AQUEOUS CHEMICAL LEAK DETECTION CABLE,” filed Jun. 28, 2012, by Donald M. Raymond, which application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/944,073, entitled “AQUEOUS CHEMICAL LEAK DETECTION CABLE,” filed Nov. 11, 2010, by Donald M. Raymond, which application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/777,462, entitled “AQUEOUS CHEMICAL LEAK DETECTION CABLE,” filed May 11, 2010, by Donald M. Raymond, which application is based upon and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/177,594, entitled “AQUEOUS CHEMICAL LEAK DETECTION CABLE”, and filed May 12, 2009, by Donald M. Raymond. The entire content of the above-mentioned applications and the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/464,787, filed May 12, 2009, by Donald M. Raymond, entitled “Twisted Leak Detection Cable” (Attorney Docket No. RLET.09USU1) are hereby specifically incorporated herein by reference for all they disclose and teach.
- Aqueous chemical fluid leaks can occur in commercial, industrial and residential environments. Aqueous chemical fluid leaks can cause serious damage to various types of components, especially components that are sensitive to aqueous chemical fluids. For example, certain types of aqueous chemicals are capable of dissolving insulation on wires. Other types of aqueous chemical fluids may have a corrosive effect on other materials, such as metal. Hence, early detection of aqueous chemical leaks can be very beneficial.
- The process of detecting aqueous chemical leaks can employ the use of a detection cable that is connected to a monitor that provides an alarm upon detection of a leak. The alarm can be an auditory alarm and/or can communicate the alarm information through various communication devices. Monitors are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,212,009 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,144,209, and in the U.S. non-provisional application filed May 12, 2009, by Donald M. Raymond, entitled Twisted Leak Detection Cable” (Attorney Docket No. RLET.09USU1), which are specifically incorporated herein by reference for all they disclose and teach.
- An embodiment of the present invention may therefore comprise a method of making an aqueous chemical leak detection cable for sensing aqueous chemicals comprising: forming a base member that is made from a non-conductive polymer that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals, the base member having two insulating lobes that form two interstices on opposite sides of the base member, the base member having at least one conductor wire disposed in at least one lobe of the base member; placing sensor cables in each of the two interstices that have a conductive polymer coating that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals, the sensor cables having a sensor wire disposed in each of the sensor cables that is protected from the aqueous chemicals by the conductive polymer coating; wrapping at least one non-conductive, non-hygroscopic monofilament fiber, that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals, in a spiral around an outer surface of at least one of the sensor cables to form a non-conductive monofilament outer insulating layer that substantially covers the outer surface of the conductive polymer coating and substantially prevents detection of non-aqueous conductive substances, the non-conductive monofilament outer layer having interstitial openings that allow aqueous chemical liquids to pass through the non-conductive, monofilament outer layer and contact the conductive polymer coating while preventing the non-aqueous conductive substances from contacting the conductive polymer coating on the sensor cables; twisting the base member to alternately expose the sensor cables along a length of the aqueous chemical leak detection cable so that the aqueous chemical leak detection cable is capable of detecting the presence of the aqueous chemicals on a surface when the aqueous chemicals contact the sensor cables and create a conductive path between the sensor cables resulting in the conductive polymer coating on the sensor cables creating a conductive path to the sensor wires.
- An embodiment of the present invention may further comprise a method of making an aqueous chemical leak detection cable for sensing aqueous chemicals comprising: forming a base member that is made from a non-conductive polymer that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals, the base member having two insulating lobes that form two interstices on opposite sides of the base member, the base member having at least one conductor wire disposed in at least one lobe of the base member; placing sensor cables in each of the two interstices that have a conductive polymer coating that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals, the sensor cables having a sensor wire disposed in each of the sensor cables that is protected from the aqueous chemicals by the conductive polymer coating; surrounding an outer surface of at least one of the sensor cables with braided, non-conductive, non-hygroscopic monofilament fibers to form a non-conductive, braided fiber outer insulating layer that is resistant to corrosion by the aqueous chemicals and that substantially covers the conductive polymer coating, the non-conductive, braided fiber outer insulating layer having interstitial openings that allow the aqueous chemicals to pass between the braided, non-conductive, non-hygroscopic monofilament fibers, while preventing non-liquid substances from contacting the conductive polymer coating on the sensor cables; twisting the base member to alternately expose the sensor cables along a length of the aqueous chemical leak detection cable so that the aqueous chemical detection cable is capable of detecting the presence of the aqueous chemicals on a surface when the aqueous chemicals contact the sensor cables and create a conductive path between the sensor cables resulting in the conductive polymer coating on the sensor cables creating a conductive path to the sensor wires.
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FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable. -
FIG. 2 is an end view of the aqueous chemical leak detection cable ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable. -
FIG. 4 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable. -
FIG. 5 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable. -
FIG. 6 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable. -
FIG. 7 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable. -
FIG. 8 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection -
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the sensor cable. -
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the sensor cable. -
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of the sensor cable. -
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an aqueous chemicalleak detection cable 100. As illustrated inFIG. 1 , the aqueous chemicalleak detector cable 100 includes afirst lobe 102 and asecond lobe 104 that are coupled together and twisted in a spiral or helix configuration. Disposed in the two interstitial spaces between thelobes sensor cables leak detector cable 100 is placed in an area to detect an aqueous chemical leak, the twosensor cables detector cable 100 to prevent thedetector cable 100 from being shorted out, or otherwise generating a false positive detection of a leak, if a conductive surface comes into contact with thedetector cable 100. -
FIG. 2 is an end view of thedetector cable 100 illustrated inFIG. 1 . As shown inFIG. 2 ,lobe 102 is coupled or joined tolobe 104, whilesensor cable 106 andsensor cable 108 are disposed in theinterstices union 126 of thelobes union 126 is the region in which thelobes detector cable 100 includes the use of a cross die to extrude thebase 128, together with theconductive feedback wires base 128. Alternatively, thelobes base 128 having aunion 126 that joins thelobes base 128, as are well-known in the art. The juxtaposition and joining of thelobes interstices union 126. - As also disclosed in
FIG. 2 , situated withininterstices sensor cables sensor cables interstices sensor cables interstices Sensor cables conductive polymer coating 110, 112 that surrounds and protectssensor wires 114, 116. Theconductive polymer coating 110, 112 is resistant to corrosion by various aqueous chemicals that thedetector cable 100 is designed to detect, as well as other aqueous chemicals that may affect thedetector cable 100. Since thedetector cable 100 is twisted in a helix configuration, each of thesensor cables detector cable 100, so that aqueous chemicals that are disposed on the surface provide a conductive path betweensensor cables Sensor cables sensor wires 114, 116 that are in conductive contact withconductive polymer coatings 110, 112, respectively.Sensor wires 114, 116 can be resistive wires that indicate the location of the detection of the aqueous chemical leak by measuring the total resistance in the monitor. Alternatively, other techniques can be used, such as time domain reflectometry to measure the location of the leak, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,144,209, which has been incorporated herein by reference for all that it discloses and teaches. The layout of thelobes sensor cables interstices large interstices large interstices sensor cables sensor cables insulator 120 may be made from a material that has affinity to theconductive polymer coatings 110, 112. This further assists in holding thesensor cables interstices -
FIG. 3 is a schematic end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 300. As shown inFIG. 3 , the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 300 includeslobes Lobes form interstices Sensor cables interstices Sensor cable 306 includes a sensor wire 314 that is surrounded by a conductive polymer coating. Similarly,sensor cable 308 has asensor wire 316 that is covered by aconductive polymer coating 312. Theconductive polymer coatings 310, 312, as well as theinsulators base 328, are made from a polymer material that is resistant to corrosion by various aqueous chemicals to which these polymers may be contacted. For example, these polymer materials may comprise PVC, polyolefin, PVDF, TPE, TPR, CPE, polyester elastomer, PVDF, nylon, PET, polyurethane or fluoropolymer, which have carbon particles dispersed throughout to provide conductivity. The aqueous chemical leak detection cable 300, that is illustrated inFIG. 3 , is also twisted in a helix or spiral. As such,sensor cables sensor cables FIG. 3 ,lobe 304 contains asingle feedback wire 322 for communicating information to a monitor that detects and locates the position of an aqueous chemical leak along the length of the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 300. Since it is possible to perform monitoring with a single feedback cable, a similar feedback wire is not included in the embodiment ofFIG. 3 inlobe 302. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 400. As shown inFIG. 4 , the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 400 includes alobe 402 and alobe 404.Lobe 402 andlobe 404 are joined together so thatinterstices 430 andinterstices 432 are formed betweenlobes Sensor cables interstices Sensor cable 406 includes a sensor conductor 414 that is covered by a conductive polymer coating 410.Sensor cable 408 includes asensor conductor 416 that is covered by aconductive polymer coating 412. Theconductive polymer coatings 410, 412, as well as the material that is used for thelobes Sensor cable 408 also includes a non-conductive, aqueous chemicalpervious layer 418 that surrounds theconductive polymer coating 412. The non-conductive, aqueous chemicalpervious layer 418 can comprise braided or woven strands of Nomex, a registered trademark of Dupont, which comprises aromatic nylon, the meta-variant of the para-aramid Kevlar. For example, poly-meta-phenylene isophthalamide strands or fibers may be used. Kevlar can also be used for the braided strands. Kevlar is also a registered trademark of Dupont Corporation. Kevlar is considered to be a strong, para-aramid synthetic fiber that is related to other aramids, such as Nomex and Technora, which is also a registered trademark of Dupont Corporation. - The non-conductive, aqueous chemical
pervious layer 418, that is illustrated inFIG. 4 , can alternatively comprise a non-braided, non-conductive, continuous polymer coating that is porous to aqueous chemicals. Porous polymer coverings for conductors can be obtained from Northwire, Inc., Osceola, Wis., and Putnam Plastics, Dayville, Conn. This continuous, non-braided, non-conductive polymer coating provides a fluid transmission path for aqueous chemicals that permits the fluid aqueous chemicals to pass through the continuous, non-braided, non-conductive polymer coating and make electrical contact or ionic contact with theconductive polymer coating 412.Conductive polymer coating 412 is not porous and protects thesensor conductor 416 from the aqueous chemicals, while still allowing a conduction path to be created between the aqueous chemicals and thesensor conductor 416. At the same time, the continuous, non-braided, non-conductive polymer coating provides an insulation layer that electrically insulates theconductive polymer coating 412 from non-liquid materials which may include contaminants, metal surfaces or materials, that could provide a conductive path between the conductive polymer coating 410 and theconductive polymer coating 412. For example, airborne ionic particulates may accumulate on surfaces such as the surface of the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 400, especially in high humidity environments. Other types of solid contaminants could also provide an electrical path between the conductive polymer coating 410 and theconductive polymer coating 412, if theconductive polymer coating 412 is not protected by a non-conductive, liquid pervious layer, such as described above. Pores that are disposed in the non-conductive, continuous, non-braided polymer coating are disposed throughout the coating layer, which allows the aqueous chemical liquids to penetrate to contact theconductive polymer coating 412. The non-conductive, aqueous chemicalpervious layer 418 is a non-conductive, porous, non-braided, continuous covering and is pervious to aqueous chemicals, which provides a conduction path between conductive polymer coating 410 andconductive polymer coating 412. These pores do not comprise spaces, such as the spaces between braided or woven fibers, but are disposed in a continuous covering that is porous to aqueous chemicals. In this manner, the pores of the non-conductive, aqueous chemicalpervious layer 418 are different from the spaces that exist between braided strands. The pores in the non-conductive, aqueous chemicalpervious layer 418 may be sufficiently small to be impervious to metal particles and other contaminants. -
FIG. 5 is an end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 500. As shown inFIG. 5 , the aqueous chemical leak detection cable includeslobes sensor cables interstices lobes Sensor cable 506 includes a conductive polymer coating 510, which surrounds thesensor wire 514.Sensor cable 508 includes, or may not include, an optional non-conductive, aqueous chemicalpervious layer 524 that surrounds aconductive polymer coating 512, which, in turn, surroundssensor wire 516.Lobe 502 is constructed from aninsulator 520, whilelobe 504 is constructed of aninsulator 518. Asingle feedback wire 522 is disposed inlobe 504. -
FIG. 6 is a schematic end view of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 600. As shown inFIG. 6 , the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 600 includes alobe 602 and alobe 604 that comprise abase 610. In addition, the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 600 includessensor cables sensor cables conductive polymer coating conductive polymer coatings pervious layer 614. Again, the optional, non-conductive, aqueous chemicalpervious layer 614 may comprise braided, non-conductive, non-hygroscopic fibers that surround and insulate theconductive polymer coating pervious layer conductive polymer coating FIG. 6 illustrates that both, either and/or neithersensor cables pervious layers sensor cables -
FIG. 7 is a schematic end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 700. As shown inFIG. 7 , the aqueous chemical leak detection cable 700 includeslobes base 722. The aqueous chemical leak detection cable 700 also includessensor cables pervious layers lobe 702 are two wires, 710, 712, whilelobe 704 includesfeedback wires feedback wires -
FIG. 8 is a schematic end view of another embodiment of an aqueous chemical leak detection cable 800. As shown inFIG. 8 ,base 826 includeslobes sensor cables pervious layers sensor cables FIG. 8 ,lobe 802 includesfeedback wires lobe 804 includeswires -
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of asensor cable 900. As shown inFIG. 9 , amonofilament 902 is wrapper in a spiral fashion tightly aroundsensor cable 900, which creates aninterstitial opening 910 between the windings of themonofilament 902. Themonofilament 902 is wrapped in tight spirals around theconductive polymer coating 904 to substantially cover thesensor cable 900. The tightly woundmonofilament 902 provides a non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious layer for theconductive polymer coating 904. Aqueous chemicals can flow through theinterstitial opening 910 to contact aconductive polymer coating 904 of thesensor cable 900. Themonofilament 902 can be made from various materials that have different chemical resistances to different chemicals. For example, if thesensor cable 900 is to be used in very strong acids, a particular material may be used inmonofilament 902 that is particularly resistant to strong acids. For example, a Nomex fiber may not be suitable for some strong acids. Themonofilament 902 can be made of any kind of plastic and may be an extrusion over another filament. For example, some of the plastics may include PVC, polyester, various types of fluoropolymers, aromatic nylon, poly-meta-phenylene isophthalamide, para-aramid synthetic fibers, Teflon, Kevlar or any plastic material that is resistant to the particular aqueous chemical being detected. Themonofilament 902 can be tailored made to match the material of theconductive polymer coating 904, if desired. Theinterstitial opening 910 is sufficiently small that thesensor cable 900 will not be shorted out by pieces of metal that could fit in theinterstitial opening 910. Theinterstitial opening 910 is a very fine slot that does not allow metal pieces to penetrate themonofilament 902. As indicated above, themonofilament 902 is wrapped spirally around the outer surface of theconductive polymer coating 904. The monofilament may have a diameter of approximately 1-2 mm, but may be as large as 10-20 mm. -
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of asensor cable 1000. As illustrated inFIG. 10 ,monofilament 1002 andmonofilament 1004 are wrapped in a spiral fashion around thesensor cable 1000.Monofilament 1002 andmonofilament 1004 are wrapped tightly and closely around theconductive polymer coating 1006, which covers thesensor wire 1008.Interstitial openings monofilament 2002, 1004.Interstitial openings conductive polymer coating 1006 from shorting out.Monofilaments monofilaments Monofilaments -
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of asensor cable 1100. In the embodiment ofFIG. 11 , themonofilaments conductive polymer coating 1106.Sensor wire 1108 is disposed within theconductive polymer coating 1106. Again, themonofilaments FIGS. 9 and 10 . Numerous interstitial openings, such asinterstitial opening 1110, are created between the weaving of themonofilaments monofilaments monofilaments interstitial opening 1110, do not vary substantially. - Of course, the
sensor cables lobes FIG. 1 , to create an aqueous chemical leak detection cable, such as aqueous chemicalleak detection cable 100. - Hence, the various embodiments of the aqueous chemical leak detection cable disclose a cable that is capable of detecting aqueous chemical leaks, which uses a conductive polymer coating that surrounds sensor wires, and that are resistant to corrosion by aqueous chemicals and protects the sensor wires. In addition, a base portion includes feedback wires for communicating information to a monitoring system. Additional wires can be disposed in the lobes that can be used for communicating data and/or providing power. Non-conductive layers that are pervious to aqueous chemicals can also be used on one or both of the sensor cables to assist in preventing false detection of aqueous chemical leaks resulting from contaminants, especially solid contaminants. Braided, non-conductive fibers that are non-hygroscopic can be used for the non-conductive, liquid pervious layer. These braided fibers dry quickly because the non-hygroscopic properties. In addition, a continuous coating can be used of a continuous, non-conductive porous polymer that is pervious to aqueous chemical liquids. Both the braided fibers and the continuous, non-conductive porous polymer may be constructed of materials that have affinity to the materials of the base from which the insulative material of the lobes are formed. In this manner, the affinity between the materials helps to maintain the sensor cables in the interstices between the lobes. In addition, in the embodiments in which an optional, non-conductive, aqueous chemical pervious coating is not used, a conductive polymer material may be used that has affinity to the insulative material of the base, so that the sensor cables are maintained within the interstices between the lobes of the base.
- The foregoing description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and other modifications and variations may be possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the appended claims be construed to include other alternative embodiments of the invention except insofar as limited by the prior art.
Claims (6)
1. A method of making an aqueous chemical leak detection cable for sensing aqueous chemicals comprising:
forming a base member that is made from a non-conductive polymer that is resistant to corrosion by said aqueous chemicals, said base member having two insulating lobes that form two interstices on opposite sides of said base member, said base member having at least one conductor wire disposed in at least one lobe of said base member;
placing sensor cables in each of said two interstices that have a conductive polymer coating that is resistant to corrosion by said aqueous chemicals, said sensor cables having a sensor wire disposed in each of said sensor cables that is protected from said aqueous chemicals by said conductive polymer coating;
wrapping at least one non-conductive, non-hygroscopic monofilament fiber, that is resistant to corrosion by said aqueous chemicals, in a spiral around an outer surface of at least one of said sensor cables to form a non-conductive monofilament outer insulating layer that substantially covers said outer surface of said conductive polymer coating and substantially prevents detection of non-aqueous conductive substances, said non-conductive monofilament outer layer having interstitial openings that allow aqueous chemical liquids to pass through said non-conductive, monofilament outer layer and contact said conductive polymer coating while preventing said non-aqueous conductive substances from contacting said conductive polymer coating on said sensor cables;
twisting said base member to alternately expose said sensor cables along a length of said aqueous chemical leak detection cable so that said aqueous chemical leak detection cable is capable of detecting the presence of said aqueous chemicals on a surface when said aqueous chemicals contact said sensor cables and create a conductive path between said sensor cables resulting in said conductive polymer coating on said sensor cables creating a conductive path to said sensor wires.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said process of forming a base member comprises:
forming a base member having at least one conductive wire in each of said two lobes.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said process of forming a base member comprises:
forming a base member having more than one conductive wire in each of said two lobes.
4. A method of making an aqueous chemical leak detection cable for sensing aqueous chemicals comprising:
forming a base member that is made from a non-conductive polymer that is resistant to corrosion by said aqueous chemicals, said base member having two insulating lobes that form two interstices on opposite sides of said base member, said base member having at least one conductor wire disposed in at least one lobe of said base member;
placing sensor cables in each of said two interstices that have a conductive polymer coating that is resistant to corrosion by said aqueous chemicals, said sensor cables having a sensor wire disposed in each of said sensor cables that is protected from said aqueous chemicals by said conductive polymer coating;
surrounding an outer surface of at least one of said sensor cables with braided, non-conductive, non-hygroscopic monofilament fibers to form a non-conductive, braided fiber outer insulating layer that is resistant to corrosion by said aqueous chemicals and that substantially covers said conductive polymer coating, said non-conductive, braided fiber outer insulating layer having interstitial openings that allow said aqueous chemicals to pass between said braided, non-conductive, non-hygroscopic monofilament fibers, while preventing non-liquid substances from contacting said conductive polymer coating on said sensor cables;
twisting said base member to alternately expose said sensor cables along a length of said aqueous chemical leak detection cable so that said aqueous chemical detection cable is capable of detecting the presence of said aqueous chemicals on a surface when said aqueous chemicals contact said sensor cables and create a conductive path between said sensor cables resulting in said conductive polymer coating on said sensor cables creating a conductive path to said sensor wires.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said process of forming a base member comprises:
forming a base member having at least one conductive wire in each of said two lobes.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said process of forming a base member comprises:
forming a base member having more than one conductive wire in each of said two lobes.
Priority Applications (1)
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US14/147,738 US20140115883A1 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2014-01-06 | Aqueous chemical leak detection cable |
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US17759409P | 2009-05-12 | 2009-05-12 | |
US12/777,462 US8256269B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2010-05-11 | Aqueous chemical leak detection cable |
US12/944,073 US8234910B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2010-11-11 | Aqueous chemical leak detection cable |
US13/535,779 US20120260721A1 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2012-06-28 | Aqueous chemical leak detection cable |
US14/147,738 US20140115883A1 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2014-01-06 | Aqueous chemical leak detection cable |
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US13/535,779 Continuation US20120260721A1 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2012-06-28 | Aqueous chemical leak detection cable |
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US13/535,779 Abandoned US20120260721A1 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2012-06-28 | Aqueous chemical leak detection cable |
US14/147,738 Abandoned US20140115883A1 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2014-01-06 | Aqueous chemical leak detection cable |
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US13/535,779 Abandoned US20120260721A1 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2012-06-28 | Aqueous chemical leak detection cable |
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KR102176165B1 (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2020-11-09 | 성백명 | Cable type leakage detection sensor |
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US20120260721A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
US20110048110A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
US8234910B2 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
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