US20140013750A1 - Waste-heat recovery system - Google Patents
Waste-heat recovery system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140013750A1 US20140013750A1 US13/997,587 US201113997587A US2014013750A1 US 20140013750 A1 US20140013750 A1 US 20140013750A1 US 201113997587 A US201113997587 A US 201113997587A US 2014013750 A1 US2014013750 A1 US 2014013750A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- engine speed
- expansion machine
- recovery system
- heat recovery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/101—Regulating means specially adapted therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/12—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a waste-heat recovery system.
- ORC Organic-Rankine Cycle
- Rankine is a thermodynamic cyclical process according to Rankine. This means that a working medium runs through various thermodynamic states in order to be transferred back into the initial liquid state again at the end. In the process, the working medium is brought to a higher pressure level with the aid of a pump. Then, the working medium is preheated to evaporation temperature and subsequently evaporated.
- ORC systems are also advantageous when exploiting biomass in connection with the combined generation of power and heat, for example, especially at relatively low power outputs, i.e., when the conventional biomass combustion technology seems relatively expensive.
- Biomass plants often have a fermenting device for the production of biogas, which normally has to be heated.
- a diesel power unit integrated into a Rankine process is known from the U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,531, in which one cylinder is used for the expansion according to Rankine, and the other cylinders operate as diesel engine.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,334,409 describes a system operating according to the Rankine process, in which the working fluid is preheated by a heat exchanger, through which the air from the outlet of a compressor of a machine having internal combustion is routed.
- Block thermal power plants as plants for the cogeneration of electricity and heat are generally known. These are decentralized power generation plants, often driven by combustion engines, featuring a simultaneous utilization of the waste heat. As far as possible, the heat withdrawn via the cooling media is used for heating suitable objects.
- the preheating of the working medium in the ORC in two steps in a heating device is known from German Patent No. 10 2005 048 795, i.e., that the process medium in the ORC is heated by two heat exchangers connected in series downstream from a feeding pump; the first heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump is provided as a first stage for the incoupling of low-temperature heat, and the following heat exchanger is provided as a second stage for the incoupling of high-temperature heat.
- the mixture cooling of the combustion engine is connected to the first heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump, and the heat from the cooling of the combustion-gas mixture aspirated by the combustion engine is used to preheat the process medium in the
- a second heating circuit obtains heat from the engine cooling water and the exhaust gas of the internal combustion machine and is connected to the second heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump, the heat from the cooling circuit and the exhaust gas being used to overheat and evaporate the process medium in the ORC and input into the second heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump in the form of high temperature heat.
- the present invention is based on the objective of optimizing the design and operating behavior of a waste-heat recovery system made up of an ORC post-connected to a waste-heat source.
- a characteristic feature of the waste-heat recovery system is that the expansion machine is started up by the generator which is operating as motor for the steam expansion in the ORC, and is brought to a minimum starting engine speed able to be specified by a control device.
- the minimum starting engine speed preferably amounts to approximately two thirds of a minimum operating engine speed.
- a steam valve at the intake of the expansion machine is opened for steam expansion in the ORC once a minimum starting engine speed has been reached, and during the further opening of the steam valve, a further run-up of the engine speed takes place, so that the generator transitions from motor-actuated operation to normal generator operation.
- This is advantageous because the expansion machine is linked to the generator right from the start, or is initially linked to it as electric motor, and need not be synchronized to the electrical network.
- a control device then ascertains the optimal engine speed for steam generation in the ORC for the expansion machine at a current operating point. To do so, starting from a minimum engine speed, a slow rampup takes place in a first step while analyzing the generator output, until it is detected in a second step that a zenith is exceeded with rising engine speed and a simultaneously dropping generator output. In a third step, the engine speed is reduced, and in further steps, the sequences of the steps two and three are repeated until the engine speed stabilizes at the point of the maximum generator output.
- the optimum engine speed for steam expansion in the ORC for a current operating point is able to be specified via a characteristics map in a control device.
- an optimal engine speed is assigned to the input and/or output pressure at the expansion machine in a characteristic map; to determine the current operating state, the current input and/or output pressure is measured at the expansion machine, analyzed and adjusted with the aid of the characteristic map in the control device, in order to thereby adjust the engine speed.
- the input and/or output temperature at the expansion machine may be assigned to an optimum engine speed in a characteristic map, and the current input and/or output temperature is measured at the expansion machine, analyzed and adjusted in the control device with the characteristic map so as to determine the current operating state, to then adjust the engine speed in this way.
- the generator integrated with the expansion machine for steam generation in the ORC includes a coupled frequency converter for an operation at variable engine speeds.
- a controlled bypass having at least one throttle valve is provided around the expansion machine in the ORC circuit.
- this bypass is open initially, so that the working medium is routed around the expansion machine in order to avoid that liquid phase residue in the working medium makes its way into the expansion machine.
- the bypass is closed and a steam valve upstream from the expansion machine is opened.
- Waste-heat sources may be, for example, combined heat and power plants, industrial plants or boiler plants.
- the starting phase of the expansion machine is optimized as well.
- maximum operating safety and protection from coolant condensation are achieved if the run-up of the expansion machine, which is linked to the motor-operated generator, takes place without a coolant application. Since the partial coolant flow used for this purpose on the coolant side is routed via the generator unit, it absorbs the heat produced there by losses during motor-actuated operation.
- the thermal condition of the expansion machine is monitored in the same way as other marginal conditions.
- a minimum pressure of the coolant in the ORC circuit, switch-on conditions for a magnetic bearing of a turbine rotor and a check of all power units required for the operation, for example, are among such starting conditions.
- a fully automatic and electronic runup process for the waste-heat recovery system thus takes place according to the present invention, as does an automated standard operation at variable operating engine speeds adapted to the prevailing operating situation, as well as a running-down operation.
- the Figure represents an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and shows the schematic structure of a waste-heat recovery plant made up of an ORC post-connected thereto.
- the components that are used in the operation of the ORC are an ORC circulation system 1 , a feeding pump 2 , an evaporator 3 , an expansion machine 4 for steam expansion, which is coupled to a generator 5 , a condenser 6 for recooling via a heat sink 7 , and heat exchangers 8 , 9 for preheating the working medium in ORC circulation system 1 .
- the two heat exchangers 8 , 9 are connected in series downstream from feeding pump 2 .
- First heat exchanger 8 downstream from feeding pump 2 is used as the first stage for the incoupling of low-temperature heat, and following heat exchanger 9 is used as a second stage for incoupling of the high-temperature heat from a waste-heat source 10 .
- a second heating circuit 11 via its supply region, is connected to evaporator 3 of the ORC, because the temperature level initially is not high enough for its direct heating. After that, second heating circuit 11 discharges into second heat exchanger 9 on the return side, where it releases still existing residual heat to the ORC.
- a liquid partial coolant flow 12 for cooling the expansion machine 4 is rerouted and first guided through generator 5 . Then, the coolant medium flows through the housing of expansion machine 4 and provides adequate heat dissipation there.
- a steam valve 13 at the intake of expansion machine 4 is opened for steam expansion in the ORC, and during the further opening of steam valve 13 , a further run-up of the engine speed takes place, so that generator 5 transitions from motor-actuated operation to normal generator operation.
- a controlled bypass 14 having at least one throttle valve is provided around expansion machine 4 .
- This bypass 14 is initially open in the start-up phase, i.e., at a still relatively low temperature of the working medium.
- the working medium is routed around expansion machine 4 in this way.
- throttle valve 15 in bypass 14 is closed, and steam valve 13 upstream from expansion machine 4 is opened.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
A waste recovery system for a waste-heat source made up of an ORC (Organic-Rankine Cycle) postconnected thereto is described. The waste-heat source is in connection with the heating device of the ORC as well as with an expansion machine for steam expansion in the ORC coupled to a generator. The design and operating behavior of a force-heat coupling system is optimized, a waste-heat recovery system made up of an ORC post-connected to a waste-heat source. The expansion machine for steam expansion in the ORC is therefore started up by the generator which is operating in motor mode, and brought to a minimum starting engine speed able to be specified in a control device.
Description
- The present invention relates to a waste-heat recovery system.
- An ORC (Organic-Rankine Cycle) is a thermodynamic cyclical process according to Rankine. This means that a working medium runs through various thermodynamic states in order to be transferred back into the initial liquid state again at the end. In the process, the working medium is brought to a higher pressure level with the aid of a pump. Then, the working medium is preheated to evaporation temperature and subsequently evaporated.
- Thus, it is an evaporation process, in which an organic medium rather than water is evaporated. The created steam drives an expansion machine, e.g., a turbine, a piston or propeller motor, which in turn is coupled to an electric generator in order to generate power. Downstream from the working machine, the process medium enters a condenser where it is cooled down again through heat dissipation. Since water evaporates at 100° C. under atmospheric conditions, it is frequently impossible to use heat having a low temperature level, e.g., industrial waste heat or earth heat, to generate power. However, if organic media having lower boiling point temperatures are used, then it is possible to generate low-temperature steam.
- The use of ORC systems is also advantageous when exploiting biomass in connection with the combined generation of power and heat, for example, especially at relatively low power outputs, i.e., when the conventional biomass combustion technology seems relatively expensive. Biomass plants often have a fermenting device for the production of biogas, which normally has to be heated.
- Generic waste-heat recovery systems are known from the cogeneration of electricity and heat and composed of a combined heat and power plant linked to a downstream ORC. A system for increasing the electrical efficiency in the power generation from special gases by combustion engines is known from the German Published Patent Application No. 195 41 521; here, the waste heat of the motor is utilized for the further energy generation in a post-connected energy-conversion system. However, only the high-temperature heat from the cooling-water circuit and from the exhaust-gas heat exchanger of the engine is provided for exploitation.
- In addition, a diesel power unit integrated into a Rankine process is known from the U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,531, in which one cylinder is used for the expansion according to Rankine, and the other cylinders operate as diesel engine. U.S. Pat. No. 4,334,409 describes a system operating according to the Rankine process, in which the working fluid is preheated by a heat exchanger, through which the air from the outlet of a compressor of a machine having internal combustion is routed.
- Block thermal power plants (BHKW) as plants for the cogeneration of electricity and heat are generally known. These are decentralized power generation plants, often driven by combustion engines, featuring a simultaneous utilization of the waste heat. As far as possible, the heat withdrawn via the cooling media is used for heating suitable objects.
- In particular in the case of plants for the cogeneration of electricity and heat having a post-connected ORC as waste heat power system, machines that are based on engines having an exhaust-gas turbocharger for charging have come to dominate. That satisfies the demand for machines having very high electrical efficiencies, which are achievable only with turbocharging and recooling of the combustion-gas mixture heated by the condensation. Cooling of the combustion-gas mixture is generally required because the charge of the cylinder would otherwise be relatively poor. The cooling increases the density of the aspirated mixture, and the volumetric efficiency is improved. The output yield and the mechanical efficiency of the engine increase as a result.
- Engine manufacturers stipulate a cooling-water intake temperature of only approximately 40 to 50° C. for the mixture cooling so that the mixture can be cooled sufficiently. Since this temperature level is relatively low, the heat extracted from the combustion-gas mixture in the currently known systems for the combined generation of power and heat is dissipated to the environment, e.g., using a table-type cooler.
- In addition, the preheating of the working medium in the ORC in two steps in a heating device is known from German Patent No. 10 2005 048 795, i.e., that the process medium in the ORC is heated by two heat exchangers connected in series downstream from a feeding pump; the first heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump is provided as a first stage for the incoupling of low-temperature heat, and the following heat exchanger is provided as a second stage for the incoupling of high-temperature heat. Via a circulation system, the mixture cooling of the combustion engine is connected to the first heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump, and the heat from the cooling of the combustion-gas mixture aspirated by the combustion engine is used to preheat the process medium in the
- ORC and coupled into the first heat exchanger as low-temperature heat. A second heating circuit obtains heat from the engine cooling water and the exhaust gas of the internal combustion machine and is connected to the second heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump, the heat from the cooling circuit and the exhaust gas being used to overheat and evaporate the process medium in the ORC and input into the second heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump in the form of high temperature heat.
- Therefore, the present invention is based on the objective of optimizing the design and operating behavior of a waste-heat recovery system made up of an ORC post-connected to a waste-heat source.
- A characteristic feature of the waste-heat recovery system is that the expansion machine is started up by the generator which is operating as motor for the steam expansion in the ORC, and is brought to a minimum starting engine speed able to be specified by a control device. The minimum starting engine speed preferably amounts to approximately two thirds of a minimum operating engine speed. An advantage achieved by the generator operating in motor mode is the low positional load in the startup phase, because no coolant has yet been acting on the expansion machine. Otherwise, undesired condensation of small quantities of coolant could perhaps occur in the still cool expansion machine. Its cooling, likewise by a partial coolant flow but in liquid phase, is already taking place by then, however.
- According to the present invention, a steam valve at the intake of the expansion machine is opened for steam expansion in the ORC once a minimum starting engine speed has been reached, and during the further opening of the steam valve, a further run-up of the engine speed takes place, so that the generator transitions from motor-actuated operation to normal generator operation. This is advantageous because the expansion machine is linked to the generator right from the start, or is initially linked to it as electric motor, and need not be synchronized to the electrical network. When the steam valve is open completely and the minimum operating engine speed has been reached in the control device, a process for optimizing the engine speed with regard to the current operating situation will be enabled.
- In another advantageous development of the present invention, a control device then ascertains the optimal engine speed for steam generation in the ORC for the expansion machine at a current operating point. To do so, starting from a minimum engine speed, a slow rampup takes place in a first step while analyzing the generator output, until it is detected in a second step that a zenith is exceeded with rising engine speed and a simultaneously dropping generator output. In a third step, the engine speed is reduced, and in further steps, the sequences of the steps two and three are repeated until the engine speed stabilizes at the point of the maximum generator output.
- The optimum engine speed for steam expansion in the ORC for a current operating point is able to be specified via a characteristics map in a control device.
- In one preferred development of the present invention, for example, an optimal engine speed is assigned to the input and/or output pressure at the expansion machine in a characteristic map; to determine the current operating state, the current input and/or output pressure is measured at the expansion machine, analyzed and adjusted with the aid of the characteristic map in the control device, in order to thereby adjust the engine speed. As an alternative or in addition, the input and/or output temperature at the expansion machine may be assigned to an optimum engine speed in a characteristic map, and the current input and/or output temperature is measured at the expansion machine, analyzed and adjusted in the control device with the characteristic map so as to determine the current operating state, to then adjust the engine speed in this way.
- Preferably, the generator integrated with the expansion machine for steam generation in the ORC includes a coupled frequency converter for an operation at variable engine speeds.
- In still another advantageous development, a controlled bypass having at least one throttle valve is provided around the expansion machine in the ORC circuit. In the startup phase, i.e., at a still relatively low temperature of the working medium, this bypass is open initially, so that the working medium is routed around the expansion machine in order to avoid that liquid phase residue in the working medium makes its way into the expansion machine. As soon as the ORC circuit has reached its setpoint operating state and this is detected via a corresponding specifiable temperature level or other parameters, for example, the bypass is closed and a steam valve upstream from the expansion machine is opened.
- Using the present invention, the design and the operating behavior of a waste-heat recovery plant composed of an ORC connected downstream from a waste-heat source is optimized. Waste-heat sources may be, for example, combined heat and power plants, industrial plants or boiler plants.
- According to the present invention, the starting phase of the expansion machine is optimized as well. At the same time, maximum operating safety and protection from coolant condensation are achieved if the run-up of the expansion machine, which is linked to the motor-operated generator, takes place without a coolant application. Since the partial coolant flow used for this purpose on the coolant side is routed via the generator unit, it absorbs the heat produced there by losses during motor-actuated operation.
- The thermal condition of the expansion machine is monitored in the same way as other marginal conditions. A minimum pressure of the coolant in the ORC circuit, switch-on conditions for a magnetic bearing of a turbine rotor and a check of all power units required for the operation, for example, are among such starting conditions.
- A fully automatic and electronic runup process for the waste-heat recovery system thus takes place according to the present invention, as does an automated standard operation at variable operating engine speeds adapted to the prevailing operating situation, as well as a running-down operation.
- The Figure represents an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and shows the schematic structure of a waste-heat recovery plant made up of an ORC post-connected thereto.
- The components that are used in the operation of the ORC are an ORC circulation system 1, a feeding pump 2, an
evaporator 3, anexpansion machine 4 for steam expansion, which is coupled to agenerator 5, a condenser 6 for recooling via a heat sink 7, andheat exchangers 8, 9 for preheating the working medium in ORC circulation system 1. - The two
heat exchangers 8, 9 are connected in series downstream from feeding pump 2. First heat exchanger 8 downstream from feeding pump 2 is used as the first stage for the incoupling of low-temperature heat, and followingheat exchanger 9 is used as a second stage for incoupling of the high-temperature heat from a waste-heat source 10. - A
second heating circuit 11, via its supply region, is connected toevaporator 3 of the ORC, because the temperature level initially is not high enough for its direct heating. After that,second heating circuit 11 discharges intosecond heat exchanger 9 on the return side, where it releases still existing residual heat to the ORC. - A liquid
partial coolant flow 12 for cooling theexpansion machine 4 is rerouted and first guided throughgenerator 5. Then, the coolant medium flows through the housing ofexpansion machine 4 and provides adequate heat dissipation there. - Once a minimum starting engine speed has been reached, a
steam valve 13 at the intake ofexpansion machine 4 is opened for steam expansion in the ORC, and during the further opening ofsteam valve 13, a further run-up of the engine speed takes place, so thatgenerator 5 transitions from motor-actuated operation to normal generator operation. - A controlled
bypass 14 having at least one throttle valve is provided aroundexpansion machine 4. Thisbypass 14 is initially open in the start-up phase, i.e., at a still relatively low temperature of the working medium. The working medium is routed aroundexpansion machine 4 in this way. As soon as ORC circuit 1 has reached its setpoint operating state,throttle valve 15 inbypass 14 is closed, andsteam valve 13 upstream fromexpansion machine 4 is opened.
Claims (12)
1-11. (canceled)
12. A waste-heat recovery system for a waste heat source, comprising:
an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) postconnected to the waste heat source, the waste heat source being connected to a heating device of the ORC;
a generator;
a control device; and
an expansion machine, coupled to the generator, for a steam expansion in the ORC, wherein the expansion machine is run up by the generator operating in engine mode and is brought to a minimum starting engine speed specifiable in the control device.
13. The waste-heat recovery system as recited in claim 12 , wherein the minimum starting engine speed corresponds to approximately two thirds of a minimum operating engine speed.
14. The waste-heat recovery system as recited in claim 12 , wherein:
when a minimum starting speed has been reached, a steam valve at an intake of the expansion machine is opened, and
during a further opening of the steam valve, a further run-up of an engine speed takes place and the generator transitions from motor-actuated operation to normal generator operation.
15. The waste-heat recovery system as recited in claim 14 , wherein a process for optimizing an engine speed is enabled in the control device when the steam valve is completely open and a minimum operating engine speed has been reached.
16. The waste-heat recovery system as recited in claim 12 , wherein:
the control device ascertains an optimum engine speed for a current operating point in that, starting from a minimum engine speed, a slow runup takes place in a first step while analyzing a generator output, the waste-heat recovery system further comprising:
an arrangement for detecting an exceeding of a nadir at a rising engine speed and simultaneously dropping generator output; and
an arrangement for reducing an engine speed, wherein the detecting and the reducing are repeated until the engine speed stabilizes at a point of maximum generator output.
17. The waste-heat recovery system as recited in claim 12 , further comprising:
an arrangement for specifying an optimum engine speed for a current operating point via a characteristics map in the control device.
18. The waste-heat recovery system as recited in claim 12 , further comprising:
an arrangement for assigning at least one of an input pressure and an output pressure at the expansion machine to an optimum engine speed in a characteristics map;
an arrangement for, in order to ascertain a current operating state, measuring, analyzing, and correcting a current value for the at least one of an input pressure and an output pressure at the expansion machine in the control device via the characteristics map so as to adjust an engine speed on the basis of a current value for the at least one of the input pressure and the output pressure at the expansion machine
19. The waste-heat recovery system as recited in claim 12 , further comprising:
an arrangement for assigning at least one of an intake temperature and an exit temperature at the expansion machine to an optimum engine speed in a characteristics map; and
an arrangement for, in order to ascertain a current operating state, measuring, analyzing, and correcting a current value of the at least one of the intake temperature and the exit temperature at the expansion machine in the control device via a characteristics map so as to adjust an engine speed on the basis of a current value for the at least one of the intake temperature and the exit temperature at the expansion machine.
20. The waste-heat recovery system as recited in claim 12 , wherein:
the generator is integrated with the expansion machine for steam expansion in the ORC, and
the generator includes a coupled frequency converter for an operation at variable engine speeds.
21. The waste-heat recovery system as recited in claim 12 , further comprising:
a controlled bypass including at least one throttle valve provided around the expansion machine in the ORC.
22. The waste-heat recovery system as recited claim 21 , wherein:
the controlled bypass around the expansion machine is initially open in a start-up phase, and
the controlled bypass around the expansion machine is closed when the ORC has reached a specifiable temperature level.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010056272A DE102010056272A1 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2010-12-24 | Waste heat utilization system |
DE102010056272.6 | 2010-12-24 | ||
PCT/EP2011/073602 WO2012085093A1 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-21 | Waste heat recovery installation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20140013750A1 true US20140013750A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
Family
ID=45440538
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/997,587 Abandoned US20140013750A1 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-21 | Waste-heat recovery system |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140013750A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2655810A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103270254B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010056272A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2589985C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012085093A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3447257A1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for accelerating a steam turbine |
CN112160808A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Waste heat recovery power-cooling combined supply system of ship gas turbine |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012021326B4 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-15 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Method for generating electrical energy and power generation plant |
CN108868931B (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2024-07-05 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | High-efficiency and flexible gas supercritical carbon dioxide combined cycle cogeneration system |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6986251B2 (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2006-01-17 | Utc Power, Llc | Organic rankine cycle system for use with a reciprocating engine |
US20060101821A1 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2006-05-18 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Rankine cycle system |
US7200996B2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2007-04-10 | United Technologies Corporation | Startup and control methods for an ORC bottoming plant |
US20070245737A1 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-10-25 | Denso Corporation | Waste heat utilization device and control method thereof |
US20090071156A1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Denso Corporation | Waste heat recovery apparatus |
US20100205959A1 (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2010-08-19 | Junichiro Kasuya | Waste Heat Utilization Device for Internal Combustion Engine |
US20110044794A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2011-02-24 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method of controlling turbine equipment and turbine equipment |
US20110088394A1 (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Waste heat regeneration system |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2449780A1 (en) | 1979-02-22 | 1980-09-19 | Semt | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING THERMAL ENERGY IN A SUPERFUELED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
US4901531A (en) | 1988-01-29 | 1990-02-20 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Rankine-diesel integrated system |
RU2111422C1 (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1998-05-20 | Энергетический научно-исследовательский институт им.Г.М.Кржижановского | Combined solar-electric power plant |
DE19541521A1 (en) | 1995-11-08 | 1997-07-31 | Schmeink & Cofreth En Manageme | Electrical efficiency improver for flow of special gases |
US6494042B2 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2002-12-17 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Method of and apparatus for producing uninterruptible power |
US20030213246A1 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2003-11-20 | Coll John Gordon | Process and device for controlling the thermal and electrical output of integrated micro combined heat and power generation systems |
US8061139B2 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2011-11-22 | Ormat Technologies, Inc. | Integrated engine generator rankine cycle power system |
US7290393B2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2007-11-06 | Utc Power Corporation | Method for synchronizing an induction generator of an ORC plant to a grid |
US7225621B2 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2007-06-05 | Ormat Technologies, Inc. | Organic working fluids |
JP2006250075A (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-21 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Rankine cycle device |
JP4493531B2 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2010-06-30 | 株式会社デンソー | Fluid pump with expander and Rankine cycle using the same |
US7942001B2 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2011-05-17 | Utc Power, Llc | Cascaded organic rankine cycles for waste heat utilization |
DE102005048795B3 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2006-12-28 | Köhler & Ziegler Anlagentechnik GmbH | Combined heat and power generation plant, has heat exchanger provided next to feed pumps as stage for coupling low temperature heat, and another heat exchanger provided as another stage for coupling high temperature heat |
WO2008082388A1 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-10 | Utc Power Corporation | A power split device for a combined heat and power (chp) system |
RU66016U1 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2007-08-27 | Степан Иванович ВАСИЛЕВСКИЙ | AUTONOMOUS POWER MODULE (OPTIONS) |
EP2014880A1 (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-14 | Universiteit Gent | An improved combined heat power system |
JP4302759B2 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-07-29 | 株式会社デンソー | Waste heat utilization equipment |
CN101566113B (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2011-06-08 | 浙江银轮机械股份有限公司 | Engine waste heat recovery system based on organic rankine cycle |
JP5552986B2 (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2014-07-16 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Rankine cycle equipment |
-
2010
- 2010-12-24 DE DE102010056272A patent/DE102010056272A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2011
- 2011-12-21 EP EP11802938.8A patent/EP2655810A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-12-21 WO PCT/EP2011/073602 patent/WO2012085093A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-12-21 RU RU2013134395/06A patent/RU2589985C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-12-21 CN CN201180062100.1A patent/CN103270254B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-21 US US13/997,587 patent/US20140013750A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060101821A1 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2006-05-18 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Rankine cycle system |
US6986251B2 (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2006-01-17 | Utc Power, Llc | Organic rankine cycle system for use with a reciprocating engine |
US7200996B2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2007-04-10 | United Technologies Corporation | Startup and control methods for an ORC bottoming plant |
US20070245737A1 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-10-25 | Denso Corporation | Waste heat utilization device and control method thereof |
US20090071156A1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Denso Corporation | Waste heat recovery apparatus |
US20100205959A1 (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2010-08-19 | Junichiro Kasuya | Waste Heat Utilization Device for Internal Combustion Engine |
US20110044794A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2011-02-24 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method of controlling turbine equipment and turbine equipment |
US20110088394A1 (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Waste heat regeneration system |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3447257A1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for accelerating a steam turbine |
CN112160808A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Waste heat recovery power-cooling combined supply system of ship gas turbine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102010056272A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
RU2013134395A (en) | 2015-01-27 |
RU2589985C2 (en) | 2016-07-10 |
WO2012085093A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
CN103270254B (en) | 2015-09-23 |
EP2655810A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
CN103270254A (en) | 2013-08-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2522828B1 (en) | Organic rankine cycle systems using waste heat from charge air cooling | |
US11125139B2 (en) | Waste heat recovery vehicle cooling optimization | |
EP2147195B1 (en) | Integrated engine generator rankine cycle power system | |
RU2688342C2 (en) | System operating as per rankine cycle, and corresponding method | |
RU2551458C2 (en) | Combined heat system with closed loop for recuperation of waste heat and its operating method | |
CN103742293B (en) | Internal combustion engine vapor supercharging waste heat recovery system | |
US7637108B1 (en) | Power compounder | |
EP2500530A1 (en) | Engine waste heat recovery power-generating turbo system and reciprocating engine system provided therewith | |
EP0636779A1 (en) | Thermal power engine and its operating method | |
CN104727873B (en) | Bled steam formula organic Rankine cycle engine residual neat recovering system and controlling method | |
US20140013749A1 (en) | Waste-heat recovery system | |
US9030034B2 (en) | Stationary power plant, in particular a gas power plant, for generating electricity | |
US9088188B2 (en) | Waste-heat recovery system | |
RU2487305C1 (en) | Trigeneration plant based on microturbine motor | |
US20140013750A1 (en) | Waste-heat recovery system | |
TW200825280A (en) | Power generating system driven by a heat pump | |
WO2014181824A1 (en) | Engine cooling system | |
KR20170138267A (en) | System for recycling wasted heat of vessel | |
RU2440504C1 (en) | Cogeneration plant with internal combustion engine and stirling engine | |
CN111527297B (en) | Device for converting thermal energy from heat lost from an internal combustion engine | |
RU183358U1 (en) | Cogeneration Power Plant | |
RU163359U1 (en) | POWER POINT | |
RU2731684C1 (en) | Trigeneration system | |
JP2013007324A (en) | Gas turbine, and gas turbine combined cycle power generation equipment | |
CN208688023U (en) | A kind of afterheat utilizing system of biomass water-cooled grate cooling water |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MULLER, STEFAN;HERRMANN, KONRAD;TEMELCI-ANDON, ANAYET;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20130709 TO 20130710;REEL/FRAME:031148/0972 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |