US20130192198A1 - Compressor flowpath - Google Patents
Compressor flowpath Download PDFInfo
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- US20130192198A1 US20130192198A1 US13/409,305 US201213409305A US2013192198A1 US 20130192198 A1 US20130192198 A1 US 20130192198A1 US 201213409305 A US201213409305 A US 201213409305A US 2013192198 A1 US2013192198 A1 US 2013192198A1
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- Prior art keywords
- low pressure
- pressure compressor
- turbine engine
- compressor
- core flowpath
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/545—Ducts
- F04D29/547—Ducts having a special shape in order to influence fluid flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K3/00—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
- F02K3/02—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
- F02K3/04—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K3/00—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
- F02K3/02—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
- F02K3/04—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
- F02K3/06—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type with front fan
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
- F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
- F04D19/028—Layout of fluid flow through the stages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
- F04D25/045—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven the pump wheel carrying the fluid driving means, e.g. turbine blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/522—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/56—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
- F04D29/563—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
- F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
- F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/682—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by fluid extraction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
- F05D2220/321—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage
- F05D2220/3216—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage for a special compressor stage
- F05D2220/3217—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage for a special compressor stage for the first stage of a compressor or a low pressure compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
- F05D2260/606—Bypassing the fluid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the present application relates generally to gas turbine engines, and more particularly to a low pressure compressor flowpath for a gas turbine engine.
- a turbine engine includes, among other things, a compressor section having at least a low pressure compressor, and a core flowpath passing through the low pressure compressor, the core flowpath having an inner diameter and an outer diameter.
- the outer diameter has a slope angle of between approximately 0 degrees and approximately 15 degrees relative to an engine central longitudinal axis.
- the turbine engine may also include a combustor in fluid communication with the compressor section, and a turbine section in fluid communication with the combustor.
- the turbine engine may include a fan.
- the turbine engine may include a fan connected to at least a low speed spool through a geared architecture.
- the turbine engine may include a slope angle in the range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 10 degrees relative to the engine central longitudinal axis.
- the turbine engine may include a slope angle that is approximately 6 degrees relative to the engine central longitudinal axis.
- the turbine engine may include a slope angle in the range of approximately 5 degrees to 7 degrees, relative to the engine central longitudinal axis.
- the turbine engine may include a slope angle that slopes toward the engine central longitudinal axis along a fluid flow direction of the core flowpath.
- the turbine engine may include a low pressure compressor that comprises at least one variable vane.
- the turbine engine may include a low pressure compressor further comprising an exit guide vane, wherein the exit guide vane is located in a low pressure compressor outlet section of the core flowpath.
- the turbine engine may include a low pressure compressor further comprising a low pressure bleed located between a low pressure compressor rotor and the exit guide vane.
- the turbine engine may include a low pressure bleed further comprising a bleed trailing edge.
- the bleed trailing edge may extend into the core flowpath beyond the outer diameter of the core flowpath.
- the turbine engine may include a low pressure compressor that is a multi-stage compressor.
- the turbine engine may include an inner diameter of the core flowpath that increases through the low pressure compressor along a fluid flow direction.
- the turbine engine may include an outer diameter slope angle that is operable to reduce a tip clearance of a compressor rotor, and thereby reduce flow separation.
- a low pressure compressor for a turbine engine includes, among other things, a core flowpath, wherein the core flowpath has an inner diameter and an outer diameter.
- the outer diameter has a slope angle of between approximately 0 degrees and approximately 15 degrees relative to an engine central longitudinal axis about which the low pressure compressor rotates.
- the low pressure compressor may include a slope angle that is between approximately 0 degrees and approximately 10 degrees.
- the low pressure compressor may include a slope angle that is approximately 6 degrees.
- the low pressure compressor may include at least one variable vane.
- the low pressure compressor may include an outlet section of the core flowpath.
- the outlet section may include an exit guide vane.
- the low pressure compressor may include a low pressure bleed located between a low pressure compressor rotor and the exit guide vane.
- the low pressure compressor may include a low pressure bleed comprising a bleed trailing edge, and a bleed trailing edge extending into the core flowpath beyond the outer diameter of the core flowpath.
- the low pressure compressor may include a multi-stage compressor.
- the low pressure compressor may include an inner diameter of the core flowpath that increases through the low pressure compressor along a fluid flow direction.
- the low pressure compressor may include an outer diameter slope angle that is operable to reduce a tip clearance of a compressor rotor, and thereby reduces flow separation.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine.
- FIG. 2 contextually illustrates an example core flowpath through a low pressure compressor of the gas turbine engine of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 contextually illustrates another example core flowpath through a low pressure compressor of the gas turbine engine of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine 20 .
- the gas turbine engine 20 is disclosed herein as a two-spool turbofan that generally incorporates a fan section 22 , a compressor section 24 , a combustor section 26 and a turbine section 28 .
- Alternative engines might include, for example, a three-spool design, an augmentor section, and different arrangements of sections, among other systems or features.
- the fan section 22 drives air along a bypass flowpath while the compressor section 24 drives air along a core flowpath for compression and communication into the combustor section 26 then expansion through the turbine section 28 .
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine 20 .
- the gas turbine engine 20 is disclosed herein as a two-spool turbofan that generally incorporates a fan section 22 , a compressor section 24 , a combustor section 26 and a turbine section 28 .
- Alternative engines might include, for example, a three-spool design, an augmentor section, and different arrangements of sections, among other
- the engine 20 generally includes a low speed spool 30 and a high speed spool 32 mounted for rotation about an engine central longitudinal axis A relative to an engine static structure 36 via several bearing systems 38 . It should be understood that various bearing systems 38 at various locations may alternatively or additionally be provided.
- the low speed spool 30 generally includes an inner shaft 40 that interconnects a fan 42 , a low pressure compressor 44 and a low pressure turbine 46 .
- the low pressure compressor 44 is the first compressor in the core flowpath relative to the fluid flow through the core flowpath.
- the inner shaft 40 is connected to the fan 42 through a geared architecture 48 to drive the fan 42 at a lower speed than the low speed spool 30 .
- the high speed spool 32 includes an outer shaft 50 that interconnects a high pressure compressor 52 and high pressure turbine 54 .
- the high pressure compressor 52 is the compressor that connects the compressor section to a combustor 56 , and is the last illustrated compressor 52 in the illustrated example of FIG. 1 relative to the core flowpath.
- the combustor 56 is arranged between the high pressure compressor 52 and the high pressure turbine 54 .
- a mid-turbine frame 57 of the engine static structure 36 is arranged generally between the high pressure turbine 54 and the low pressure turbine 46 .
- the mid-turbine frame 57 further supports bearing systems 38 in the turbine section 28 .
- the inner shaft 40 and the outer shaft 50 are concentric and rotate via bearing systems 38 about the engine central longitudinal axis A which is collinear with their longitudinal axes.
- the core airflow is compressed by the low pressure compressor 44 then the high pressure compressor 52 , mixed and burned with fuel in the combustor 56 , then expanded over the high pressure turbine 54 and low pressure turbine 46 .
- the mid-turbine frame 57 includes airfoils 59 which are in the core airflow path.
- the turbines 46 , 54 rotationally drive the respective low speed spool 30 and high speed spool 32 in response to the expansion.
- the engine 20 in one example a high-bypass geared aircraft engine.
- the engine 20 bypass ratio is greater than about six (6), with an example embodiment being greater than ten (10)
- the geared architecture 48 is an epicyclic gear train, such as a planetary gear system or other gear system, with a gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.25
- the low pressure turbine 46 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about 5.
- the engine 20 bypass ratio is greater than about ten (10:1)
- the fan diameter is significantly larger than that of the low pressure compressor 44
- the low pressure turbine 46 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about 5:1.
- Low pressure turbine 46 pressure ratio is pressure measured prior to inlet of low pressure turbine 46 as related to the pressure at the outlet of the low pressure turbine 46 prior to an exhaust nozzle. It should be understood, however, that the above parameters are only exemplary of one embodiment of a geared architecture engine and that the present invention is applicable to other gas turbine engines including direct drive turbofans.
- the fan section 22 of the engine 20 is designed for a particular flight condition—typically cruise at about 0.8 Mach and about 35,000 feet.
- TFCT Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption
- Fan pressure ratio is the pressure ratio across the fan blade alone, without a Fan Exit Guide Vane (“FEGV”) system present.
- the low fan pressure ratio as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1.6.
- Low corrected fan tip speed is the actual fan tip speed in ft/sec divided by an industry standard temperature correction of [(Tambient deg R)/518.7) ⁇ 0.5].
- the “Low corrected fan tip speed” as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1250 ft/second.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the gas turbine engine 20 of FIG. 1 , contextually illustrating a low pressure compressor 44 of the gas turbine engine 20 .
- the core flowpath identified herein as flowpath 120 or core flowpath 120 , passes through the low pressure compressor 44 of the gas-turbine engine 20 .
- the low pressure compressor 44 includes multiple rotor 112 /stator 114 pairs that serve to drive air through the core flowpath 120 .
- the rotors 112 are connected to an inner shaft 40 via a compressor frame 142 . Interspersed between each of the rotors 112 is a stator 114 .
- the stators 114 are connected to an outer frame 160 .
- the illustrated low pressure compressor 44 is referred to as a three stage compressor as three rotor 112 /stator 114 pairs are included. Additional stages can be added or removed depending on design constraints via the addition or removal of rotor 112 /stator 114 pairs.
- a variable guide vane 130 is located at an inlet 132 of the low pressure compressor 44 . Alternately, one or more of the stators 114 could also be a variable vane 130 .
- An exit guide vane 116 is located at a fluid outlet 134 of the low pressure compressor 44 . In the illustrated example of FIG. 2 , the exit guide vane 116 also acts as a stator 114 corresponding to the last rotor 112 of the low pressure compressor 44 .
- the core flowpath 120 has an inner diameter 154 and an outer diameter 152 measured with respect to the engine longitudinal axis A.
- the outer diameter 152 slopes inward relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A toward the engine central longitudinal axis A.
- the inner diameter 154 of the core flowpath 120 slopes outward relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A away from the engine central longitudinal axis A resulting in an increasing inner diameter 154 as the core flowpath 120 progresses along the direction of fluid flow.
- the core flowpath 120 has a lower cross sectional area at the fluid outlet 134 than at the fluid inlet 132 , and air passing through the low pressure compressor 44 is compressed.
- a steeper slope angle of the outer diameter 152 , relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A, results in a greater average tip clearance between the rotor blade 112 and the engine case during flight.
- the additional tip clearance increases flow separation in the air flowing through the core flowpath 120 .
- undesirable amounts flow separation can occur when the outer diameter 152 exceeds 15 degrees relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A.
- Flow separation occurs when the air flow separates from the core flowpath 120 walls.
- the outer diameter 152 includes a sufficiently low slope angle, relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A, the flow separation resulting from the additional tip clearance is eliminated, and the total amount of flow separation is minimized.
- a slope angle of the outer diameter 152 is less than approximately 10 degrees relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A. In another example embodiment, the slope angle of the outer diameter 152 is approximately 6 degrees relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example core flowpath 120 .
- air flow passing through the core flowpath 120 is not sufficiently stable.
- one or more variable guide vanes 130 are included in the flow path 120 .
- a three stage geared turbofan compressor 44 such as the one illustrated in FIG. 2
- a single variable guide vane 130 can be utilized to sufficiently stabilize the air flow.
- alternate embodiments, such as those utilizing additional compressor stages may require additional variable guide vanes 130 .
- one or more of the stators 114 can be the additional variable guide vanes 130 .
- the air flow can be sufficiently stable without the inclusion of a variable guide vane 130 , and the variable guide vane 130 can be omitted.
- the exit guide vane 116 is incorporated into a low pressure compressor outlet 134 section of the core flowpath 120 the low pressure compressor 44 , and to the high pressure compressor 52 .
- the low pressure compressor outlet 134 section of the core flowpath 120 is sloped inward (toward the engine central longitudinal axis A). Placing the exit guide vane 116 in the inward sloping low pressure compressor outlet 134 section of the core flowpath 120 cants the exit guide vane 116 and provides space for a low pressure bleed 164 .
- the low pressure bleed 164 and allows for dirt, rain and ice to be removed from the compressor 44 .
- the low pressure bleed 164 additionally improves the stability of the fluid flowing through the core flowpath 120 .
- the low pressure bleed 164 is positioned between the rotors 112 and the exit guide vane 116 .
- a bleed trailing edge 162 of the low pressure bleed 164 can extend inward toward the engine central longitudinal axis A, beyond the outer diameter 152 of the core flowpath 120 .
- the outer diameter of the bleed trailing edge 162 of the low pressure bleed 164 is smaller than the outer diameter 152 . Extending the bleed trailing edge 162 inwards allows the bleed 164 to scoop out more of the dirt, rain, ice or other impurities that enter the core flowpath 120 .
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Abstract
Description
- The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/593001, which was filed on Jan. 31, 2012, and is incorporated herein by reference.
- The present application relates generally to gas turbine engines, and more particularly to a low pressure compressor flowpath for a gas turbine engine.
- Commercial turbofan engines use low pressure compressors coupled to a fan. Advances in coupling the fan to the low pressure compressor have allowed the compressor to operate at higher speeds and to decrease the number of compressor stages required of the compressor. Decreasing the number of stages and increasing the rotational speed of the low pressure compressor causes existing flowpath designs to be non-optimal and results in decreased performance when the existing flowpath designs are used.
- A turbine engine according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a compressor section having at least a low pressure compressor, and a core flowpath passing through the low pressure compressor, the core flowpath having an inner diameter and an outer diameter. The outer diameter has a slope angle of between approximately 0 degrees and approximately 15 degrees relative to an engine central longitudinal axis. The turbine engine may also include a combustor in fluid communication with the compressor section, and a turbine section in fluid communication with the combustor.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of the foregoing turbine engine, the turbine engine may include a fan.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of either of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include a fan connected to at least a low speed spool through a geared architecture.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include a slope angle in the range of approximately 0 degrees to approximately 10 degrees relative to the engine central longitudinal axis.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include a slope angle that is approximately 6 degrees relative to the engine central longitudinal axis.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include a slope angle in the range of approximately 5 degrees to 7 degrees, relative to the engine central longitudinal axis.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include a slope angle that slopes toward the engine central longitudinal axis along a fluid flow direction of the core flowpath.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include a low pressure compressor that comprises at least one variable vane.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include a low pressure compressor further comprising an exit guide vane, wherein the exit guide vane is located in a low pressure compressor outlet section of the core flowpath.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include a low pressure compressor further comprising a low pressure bleed located between a low pressure compressor rotor and the exit guide vane.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include a low pressure bleed further comprising a bleed trailing edge. The bleed trailing edge may extend into the core flowpath beyond the outer diameter of the core flowpath.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include a low pressure compressor that is a multi-stage compressor.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include an inner diameter of the core flowpath that increases through the low pressure compressor along a fluid flow direction.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing turbine engines, the turbine engine may include an outer diameter slope angle that is operable to reduce a tip clearance of a compressor rotor, and thereby reduce flow separation.
- A low pressure compressor for a turbine engine according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a core flowpath, wherein the core flowpath has an inner diameter and an outer diameter. The outer diameter has a slope angle of between approximately 0 degrees and approximately 15 degrees relative to an engine central longitudinal axis about which the low pressure compressor rotates.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of the foregoing low pressure compressor, the low pressure compressor may include a slope angle that is between approximately 0 degrees and approximately 10 degrees.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of either of the foregoing low pressure compressor, the low pressure compressor may include a slope angle that is approximately 6 degrees.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing low pressure compressor, the low pressure compressor may include at least one variable vane.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing low pressure compressor, the low pressure compressor may include an outlet section of the core flowpath. The outlet section may include an exit guide vane.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing low pressure compressor, the low pressure compressor may include a low pressure bleed located between a low pressure compressor rotor and the exit guide vane.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing low pressure compressor, the low pressure compressor may include a low pressure bleed comprising a bleed trailing edge, and a bleed trailing edge extending into the core flowpath beyond the outer diameter of the core flowpath.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing low pressure compressor, the low pressure compressor may include a multi-stage compressor.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing low pressure compressor, the low pressure compressor may include an inner diameter of the core flowpath that increases through the low pressure compressor along a fluid flow direction.
- In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing low pressure compressor, the low pressure compressor may include an outer diameter slope angle that is operable to reduce a tip clearance of a compressor rotor, and thereby reduces flow separation.
- These and other features of the present invention can be best understood from the following specification and drawings, the following of which is a brief description.
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FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine. -
FIG. 2 contextually illustrates an example core flowpath through a low pressure compressor of the gas turbine engine ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 contextually illustrates another example core flowpath through a low pressure compressor of the gas turbine engine ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates agas turbine engine 20. Thegas turbine engine 20 is disclosed herein as a two-spool turbofan that generally incorporates afan section 22, acompressor section 24, acombustor section 26 and aturbine section 28. Alternative engines might include, for example, a three-spool design, an augmentor section, and different arrangements of sections, among other systems or features. Thefan section 22 drives air along a bypass flowpath while thecompressor section 24 drives air along a core flowpath for compression and communication into thecombustor section 26 then expansion through theturbine section 28. Although depicted as a turbofan gas turbine engine in the disclosed non-limiting embodiment, it should be understood that the concepts described herein are not limited to use with turbofans as the teachings may be applied to other types of turbine engines. - The
engine 20 generally includes alow speed spool 30 and ahigh speed spool 32 mounted for rotation about an engine central longitudinal axis A relative to an enginestatic structure 36 viaseveral bearing systems 38. It should be understood thatvarious bearing systems 38 at various locations may alternatively or additionally be provided. - The
low speed spool 30 generally includes aninner shaft 40 that interconnects afan 42, alow pressure compressor 44 and alow pressure turbine 46. Thelow pressure compressor 44 is the first compressor in the core flowpath relative to the fluid flow through the core flowpath. Theinner shaft 40 is connected to thefan 42 through a gearedarchitecture 48 to drive thefan 42 at a lower speed than thelow speed spool 30. Thehigh speed spool 32 includes anouter shaft 50 that interconnects ahigh pressure compressor 52 andhigh pressure turbine 54. Thehigh pressure compressor 52 is the compressor that connects the compressor section to acombustor 56, and is the last illustratedcompressor 52 in the illustrated example ofFIG. 1 relative to the core flowpath. Thecombustor 56 is arranged between thehigh pressure compressor 52 and thehigh pressure turbine 54. Amid-turbine frame 57 of the enginestatic structure 36 is arranged generally between thehigh pressure turbine 54 and thelow pressure turbine 46. Themid-turbine frame 57 further supports bearingsystems 38 in theturbine section 28. Theinner shaft 40 and theouter shaft 50 are concentric and rotate viabearing systems 38 about the engine central longitudinal axis A which is collinear with their longitudinal axes. - The core airflow is compressed by the
low pressure compressor 44 then thehigh pressure compressor 52, mixed and burned with fuel in thecombustor 56, then expanded over thehigh pressure turbine 54 andlow pressure turbine 46. Themid-turbine frame 57 includesairfoils 59 which are in the core airflow path. Theturbines low speed spool 30 andhigh speed spool 32 in response to the expansion. - The
engine 20 in one example a high-bypass geared aircraft engine. In a further example, theengine 20 bypass ratio is greater than about six (6), with an example embodiment being greater than ten (10), the gearedarchitecture 48 is an epicyclic gear train, such as a planetary gear system or other gear system, with a gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.25 and thelow pressure turbine 46 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about 5. In one disclosed embodiment, theengine 20 bypass ratio is greater than about ten (10:1), the fan diameter is significantly larger than that of thelow pressure compressor 44, and thelow pressure turbine 46 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about 5:1.Low pressure turbine 46 pressure ratio is pressure measured prior to inlet oflow pressure turbine 46 as related to the pressure at the outlet of thelow pressure turbine 46 prior to an exhaust nozzle. It should be understood, however, that the above parameters are only exemplary of one embodiment of a geared architecture engine and that the present invention is applicable to other gas turbine engines including direct drive turbofans. - A significant amount of thrust is provided by the bypass flow B due to the high bypass ratio. The
fan section 22 of theengine 20 is designed for a particular flight condition—typically cruise at about 0.8 Mach and about 35,000 feet. The flight condition of 0.8 Mach and 35,000 ft, with the engine at its best fuel consumption—also known as “bucket cruise Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption (‘TSFCT’)”—is the industry standard parameter of lbm of fuel being burned divided by lbf of thrust the engine produces at that minimum point. “Fan pressure ratio” is the pressure ratio across the fan blade alone, without a Fan Exit Guide Vane (“FEGV”) system present. The low fan pressure ratio as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1.6. “Low corrected fan tip speed” is the actual fan tip speed in ft/sec divided by an industry standard temperature correction of [(Tambient deg R)/518.7)̂0.5]. The “Low corrected fan tip speed” as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1250 ft/second. - With continued reference to
FIG. 1 ,FIG. 2 is a sectional view of thegas turbine engine 20 ofFIG. 1 , contextually illustrating alow pressure compressor 44 of thegas turbine engine 20. The core flowpath, identified herein asflowpath 120 orcore flowpath 120, passes through thelow pressure compressor 44 of the gas-turbine engine 20. Thelow pressure compressor 44 includesmultiple rotor 112/stator 114 pairs that serve to drive air through thecore flowpath 120. Therotors 112 are connected to aninner shaft 40 via acompressor frame 142. Interspersed between each of therotors 112 is astator 114. Thestators 114 are connected to anouter frame 160. The illustratedlow pressure compressor 44 is referred to as a three stage compressor as threerotor 112/stator 114 pairs are included. Additional stages can be added or removed depending on design constraints via the addition or removal ofrotor 112/stator 114 pairs. Avariable guide vane 130 is located at aninlet 132 of thelow pressure compressor 44. Alternately, one or more of thestators 114 could also be avariable vane 130. An exit guide vane 116 is located at afluid outlet 134 of thelow pressure compressor 44. In the illustrated example ofFIG. 2 , the exit guide vane 116 also acts as astator 114 corresponding to thelast rotor 112 of thelow pressure compressor 44. Thecore flowpath 120 has aninner diameter 154 and anouter diameter 152 measured with respect to the engine longitudinal axis A. - As the
core flowpath 120 passes through thelow pressure compressor 44, theouter diameter 152 slopes inward relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A toward the engine central longitudinal axis A. Theinner diameter 154 of thecore flowpath 120 slopes outward relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A away from the engine central longitudinal axis A resulting in an increasinginner diameter 154 as thecore flowpath 120 progresses along the direction of fluid flow. As a result of the inward slopingouter diameter 152 and the increasinginner diameter 154, thecore flowpath 120 has a lower cross sectional area at thefluid outlet 134 than at thefluid inlet 132, and air passing through thelow pressure compressor 44 is compressed. - A steeper slope angle of the
outer diameter 152, relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A, results in a greater average tip clearance between therotor blade 112 and the engine case during flight. The additional tip clearance increases flow separation in the air flowing through thecore flowpath 120. By way of example, undesirable amounts flow separation can occur when theouter diameter 152 exceeds 15 degrees relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A. - Flow separation occurs when the air flow separates from the
core flowpath 120 walls. By ensuring that theouter diameter 152 includes a sufficiently low slope angle, relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A, the flow separation resulting from the additional tip clearance is eliminated, and the total amount of flow separation is minimized. In some example embodiments, a slope angle of theouter diameter 152 is less than approximately 10 degrees relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A. In another example embodiment, the slope angle of theouter diameter 152 is approximately 6 degrees relative to the engine central longitudinal axis A. - With continued reference to
FIGS. 1 and 2 ,FIG. 3 illustrates anexample core flowpath 120. In some example engine embodiments, air flow passing through thecore flowpath 120 is not sufficiently stable. In order to increase the stability of the fluid flow, and improve the pressure ratio of thelow pressure compressor 44, one or morevariable guide vanes 130 are included in theflow path 120. In a three stage gearedturbofan compressor 44, such as the one illustrated inFIG. 2 , a singlevariable guide vane 130 can be utilized to sufficiently stabilize the air flow. However, alternate embodiments, such as those utilizing additional compressor stages, may require additional variable guide vanes 130. In such an embodiment, one or more of thestators 114 can be the additional variable guide vanes 130. In alternate examples, the air flow can be sufficiently stable without the inclusion of avariable guide vane 130, and thevariable guide vane 130 can be omitted. - In some example embodiments the exit guide vane 116 is incorporated into a low
pressure compressor outlet 134 section of thecore flowpath 120 thelow pressure compressor 44, and to thehigh pressure compressor 52. The lowpressure compressor outlet 134 section of thecore flowpath 120 is sloped inward (toward the engine central longitudinal axis A). Placing the exit guide vane 116 in the inward sloping lowpressure compressor outlet 134 section of thecore flowpath 120 cants the exit guide vane 116 and provides space for alow pressure bleed 164. Thelow pressure bleed 164 and allows for dirt, rain and ice to be removed from thecompressor 44. Thelow pressure bleed 164 additionally improves the stability of the fluid flowing through thecore flowpath 120. Thelow pressure bleed 164 is positioned between therotors 112 and the exit guide vane 116. In some example embodiments ableed trailing edge 162 of thelow pressure bleed 164 can extend inward toward the engine central longitudinal axis A, beyond theouter diameter 152 of thecore flowpath 120. In such an embodiment the outer diameter of thebleed trailing edge 162 of thelow pressure bleed 164 is smaller than theouter diameter 152. Extending thebleed trailing edge 162 inwards allows thebleed 164 to scoop out more of the dirt, rain, ice or other impurities that enter thecore flowpath 120. - Although a preferred embodiment of this invention has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.
Claims (24)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2809935A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
US20230332622A1 (en) | 2023-10-19 |
US11971051B2 (en) | 2024-04-30 |
US11725670B2 (en) | 2023-08-15 |
US20160208818A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
US10544802B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
WO2013154646A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
US20230131276A1 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
EP2809935A4 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
US20200240436A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
US11428242B2 (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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