US20120261189A1 - Undisturbed core sampler - Google Patents
Undisturbed core sampler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120261189A1 US20120261189A1 US13/446,724 US201213446724A US2012261189A1 US 20120261189 A1 US20120261189 A1 US 20120261189A1 US 201213446724 A US201213446724 A US 201213446724A US 2012261189 A1 US2012261189 A1 US 2012261189A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- core sampler
- shoe portion
- tube portion
- shoe
- distal end
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
- E21B25/02—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors the core receiver being insertable into, or removable from, the borehole without withdrawing the drilling pipe
- E21B25/04—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors the core receiver being insertable into, or removable from, the borehole without withdrawing the drilling pipe the core receiver having a core forming cutting edge or element, e.g. punch type core barrels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/24—Drilling using vibrating or oscillating means, e.g. out-of-balance masses
Definitions
- Implementations of the present invention relate generally to drilling devices and methods that may be used to drill and take core samples from naturally occurring and/or manmade geological formations.
- implementations of the present invention relate to core samplers.
- Core drilling includes obtaining core samples of subterranean formations at various depths for various reasons.
- a retrieved core sample can indicate what materials, such as petroleum, precious metals, and other desirable materials, are present or are likely to be present in a particular formation, and at what depths such materials are present.
- core sampling can be used to give a geological timeline of materials and events. As such, core sampling may be used to determine the desirability of further exploration in a particular area.
- the quality of a core sample can be influenced by the tools used to obtain the sample, the drilling or sampling method, and the handling, transport, and storage of the sample. For some conventional forms of sample analysis, it is often desirable to have undisturbed samples. Mechanical disturbance of the soil during core sampling can affect the quality of a core sample. In particular, the smaller the “area ratio,” e.g., the ratio of area of soil displaced by the sampler in proportion to the area of the obtained sample, the more undisturbed the core sample will be. Unfortunately, the current industry trends typically include the use of thick walled tubes for core sampling. Such thick-walled tubes can have area ratios as high as 50%, which can cause undesirable disturbance of core samples.
- Class 1 includes the least “disturbed” samples.
- the Standard sets out that only Class 1 samples can be used for strength and compressibility testing.
- the Standard stipulates in part that samplers for obtaining Class 1 samples should be thin walled with a maximum area ratio of fifteen percent and a maximum cutting shoe taper of five degrees.
- An exemplary core sampler as described herein complies with the European Standard BS EN ISO 22457-1 and takes high quality, undisturbed samples, while being able to withstand significant drilling forces associated with driving or hammering of the sampler and/or advancement of the core sampler within harder formations.
- the core sampler can include a smaller diameter, thinner walled shoe portion that transitions to a larger diameter, thicker walled tube portion at a predetermined, specific distance along a longitudinal axis of the core sampler.
- the smaller diameter shoe portion can allow for an undisturbed sample, while the larger diameter tube portion advantageously can impart increased strength to the core sampler. Additionally, it is contemplated that the larger diameter tube portion can provide the thickness needed for a liner, which allows the core sampler to be reusable.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary core sampler as described herein;
- FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of the core sampler of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 illustrates another cross-sectional view of the core sampler of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of an exemplary shoe portion of the core sampler of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 illustrates another enlarged cross-sectional view of an exemplary shoe portion of the core sampler of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 6 illustrates another cross-sectional view of an exemplary core sampler as described herein.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary drilling system incorporating a core sampler as described herein.
- Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.
- the terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.
- a core sampler as described herein can comply with the European Standard BS EN ISO 22457-1 and can be configured to take high quality, undisturbed samples while withstanding significant drilling forces associated with driving or hammering of the sampler and/or with harder formations.
- an exemplary core sampler can include a smaller diameter, thin-walled shoe portion that transitions to a larger diameter, thick-walled tube portion at a predetermined, specific distance along a longitudinal axis of the core sampler.
- the smaller diameter shoe portion can allow for an undisturbed sample, while the larger diameter tube portion can impart increased strength to the core sampler.
- the larger diameter tube portion can provide the thickness needed for a liner, thereby permitting the core sampler to be reusable.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary core sampler 10 .
- FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate cross-sectional views of the core sampler 10 .
- the core sampler 10 can include a shoe portion 12 , a tube portion 14 , and an adapter 16 .
- the tube portion 14 can be open at both a proximal end and an opposed distal end so that the interior may be occupied by a core sample introduced through the open distal end.
- the distal end of the tube portion can define one or more openings 21 for receiving the core sample.
- the tube portion 14 can be constructed of any suitable material, such as, for example and without limitation, steel, a composite material, or other metal alloy that permits the tube portion 14 to withstand forces associated with drilling as described herein. It is further contemplated that the tube portion 14 can have a shape and size configured to allow for the housing of a core sample. In an exemplary aspect, as shown in FIGS.
- the tube portion 14 can have a cylindrical shape with a substantially circular cross-section, and an inner surface of the tube portion can define a central bore 23 surrounding the longitudinal axis 50 of the core sampler and extending between the proximal and distal ends of the tube portion.
- the tube portion 14 can have various lengths and widths, depending on the desired size of the core sample.
- the shoe portion 12 can be coupled or otherwise secured to the distal end of the tube portion 14 .
- the shoe portion 12 can operate to facilitate penetration into a formation.
- the shoe portion 12 can comprise a coring drill bit or other device capable of penetrating and capturing a core sample.
- the shoe portion 12 can have an annular shape with a distal end having a beveled or tapered portion 22 .
- the beveled or tapered portion 22 of the distal end of the shoe portion 12 can have a taper 26 that is sufficiently sharp to facilitate penetration into a formation.
- the taper 26 can be about twenty degrees or less or optionally about fifteen degrees or less as measured relative to the longitudinal axis 50 of the core sampler 10 moving along the longitudinal axis 50 of the core sampler toward the opening 21 of the distal end of the shoe portion.
- an inner surface of the shoe portion 12 can define a central bore 25 surrounding the longitudinal axis 50 of the core sampler and extending between the proximal end and the distal end of the shoe portion.
- the shoe portion 12 can be operatively coupled to the tube portion 14 in any conventional manner, such as, for example, by welding, pins, clamps, threads, and the like.
- the tube portion 14 can comprise internal threads, and the shoe portion 12 can include external threads configured for complementary engagement with the internal threads of the tube portion 14 .
- the shoe portion 12 can be integrally formed with the tube portion 14 .
- the shoe portion 12 can be thin-walled relative to the tube portion 14 . More particularly, in another aspect, the shoe portion 12 can have an inner diameter 28 (defined by an inner surface of the shoe portion) and an outer diameter 30 (defined by an outer surface of the shoe portion). In this aspect, it is contemplated that the radial distance between the inner surface and the outer surface, i.e., the thickness of the shoe portion 12 , can range from about 0.10 to about 0.20 inches; more preferably, can range from about 0.12 to about 0.15 inches, and, most preferably, can be about 0.14 inches.
- the relatively small thickness of the walls of the shoe portion 12 can help prevent disturbance of a core sample and allow Class 1 samples (as defined by European Standard BS EN ISO 22457-1) to be obtained.
- the area ratio of the shoe portion 12 (or the outer diameter squared minus the inner diameter squared, divided by the inner diameter squared, times 100) can be less than about 25 percent, more preferably, can be less than about 20 percent, and, most preferably, can be less than about 15 percent.
- the tube portion 14 can be thicker than the shoe portion 12 .
- the inner diameter of the tube portion 14 can be defined by an inner surface of the tube portion, and the maximum outer diameter 32 of the tube portion 14 (defined by an outer surface of the tube portion) can be larger than the outer diameter 30 of the shoe portion 12 . It is further contemplated that the inner diameter of the tube portion 14 can be substantially equal to the inner diameter 28 of the shoe portion.
- the thickness of the tube portion can correspond to the radial distance between the inner surface and the outer surface of the tube portion 14 .
- the thicker gauge of the tube portion 14 can impart strength to the core sampler 10 and permits the core sampler 10 to withstand forces associated with sonic drilling and/or harder formations. As explained in greater detail below, it is further contemplated that the increased thickness of the tube portion 14 can provide space for a liner 18 .
- the tube portion 14 can comprise a tapered portion 24 that transitions from the outer diameter 30 of the shoe portion 12 to the outer diameter 32 of the tube portion 14 .
- the tapered portion 24 of the tube portion 14 can be inwardly tapered relative to the longitudinal axis 50 of the core sampler 10 moving along the longitudinal axis 50 of the core sampler toward the shoe portion 12 .
- the tapered portion 24 or transition to the thicker portion of the core sampler 10 can be spaced from the distal end of the shoe portion 12 so as to not disturb a core sample entering the core sampler 10 through the shoe portion 12 .
- the combined thickness of the liner 18 and the tube portion 14 can be greater than the thickness of the shoe portion 12 .
- the combined thickness of the liner 18 and the tube portion 14 can be about twice the thickness of the shoe portion 12 .
- the combined thickness of the liner 18 and the tube portion 14 can be between about 0.15 and about 0.50 inches or greater, more preferably, can be between about 0.20 and about 0.30 inches, and, most preferably, can be about 0.28 inches.
- the tube portion 14 can house a liner 18 .
- the liner 18 can be positioned between the proximal end of the shoe portion 12 and the adapter 16 .
- the liner 18 can be sandwiched between the shoe portion 12 on the bottom and the adapter 16 on the top.
- the replaceable liner 18 can allow for a core sample that complies with European Standard BS EN ISO 22457-1 and can permit the sampling tube portion 14 to be reused.
- the liner 18 can be configured to fit into the honed smooth tube portion 14 , which can permit the liner 18 to be inserted and extracted easily.
- the core sampler 10 can allow for replaceable liners such that the more complex, costlier components (e.g., tubes) can be reused, and only the inexpensive components (e.g., liners) are consumed, yet still provide a compliant, undisturbed sample that satisfies European Standard BS EN ISO 22457-1.
- the more complex, costlier components e.g., tubes
- inexpensive components e.g., liners
- the liner 18 can be configured to contain and protect the core sample.
- the liner 18 can act as a consumable product that can be sent with a core sample, thereby allowing a driller to replace the liner 18 and use the core sampler 10 again. It is further contemplated that the liner 18 can assist in improving core recovery in certain soil types.
- the liner 18 can have a shape and size that is configured to allow for the housing of a core sample.
- the liner 18 can have a substantially cylindrical shape with a substantially circular cross-section.
- the liner 18 can have various lengths and widths, depending on the desired size of the core sample and the size of the tube portion 14 .
- the liner 18 can comprise various suitable materials.
- the liner 18 can comprise a polymeric material, a plastic material, and the like.
- the liner 18 can comprise steel, a composite material, or other metal alloy.
- the inside of the liner 18 can be substantially smooth with minimal or no protruding edges or irregularities, thereby reducing disturbance of a core sample.
- the core sampler 10 can comprise an adapter 16 .
- the adapter 16 can be configured to be operatively coupled to a drill rod or other drill string component.
- the adapter 16 can comprise means for coupling to the drill rod or other drill string component. It is contemplated that the means for coupling can comprise, for example and without limitation, threads and/or another connection device, such as a pin (such as pin 34 of FIG. 6 ) or a locking ring, to affect such coupling.
- the adapter 16 can house a check valve 20 .
- the check valve 20 can comprise a ball valve.
- the check valve can be configured to allow the system to vent air out during sampling but create a vacuum on the sample to prevent sample loss when the core sampler 10 is extracted from the bore hole.
- the check valve 112 can be configured to allow fluid, gases, and other low density materials to exit tube portion 14 generally upwardly.
- the borehole and tube portion 14 can be filled with fluid, and the check valve 20 can allow this fluid to exit the tube portion 14 without exerting constant downward or static hydraulic pressure on the interior of tube portion 14 .
- check valve 20 can provide any excess fluid with an escape path out of tube portion 14 . Furthermore, by creating a vacuum, it is contemplated that the check valve 20 can help ensure that softer core samples (such as, for example, sandy core samples) do not fall out of the proximal end of the core sampler during extraction of the core sampler 10 from the bore hole.
- softer core samples such as, for example, sandy core samples
- the tapered portion 24 where the core sampler 10 transitions from the smaller diameter of the shoe portion 12 to the larger diameter of the tube portion 14 , can be offset from the distal end of the shoe portion 12 . It is contemplated that, as the core sampler 10 is advanced into a selected geologic formation, the offset of the tapered portion 24 from the distal end of the shoe portion 12 can help ensure that, by the time the maximum-diameter portion of the tube portion 14 of the core sampler 10 contacts the formation and causes more significant soil disturbance, a core sample will be positioned inside the tube portion 14 in a desired comparatively undisturbed state.
- the tapered portion 24 of the core sampler 10 can be positioned a first distance 36 from the distal end of the shoe portion 12 .
- the first distance 36 can be about 4 inches or more. However, it is also contemplated that, in some aspects, the first distance 36 can be less than about 4 inches.
- the first distance 36 can be at least as large as the inner diameter 28 of the shoe portion 12 . In this aspect, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be between about 1.0 and about 2.0 times larger than the inner diameter 28 of the shoe portion 12 .
- the first distance 36 can be between about 1.0 and about 1.5 times larger than the inner diameter 28 of the shoe portion 12 . Most preferably, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be between about 1.20 and about 1.25 times larger than the inner diameter 28 of the shoe portion 12 .
- the first distance 36 can have a selected ratio relative to the length 40 of the liner 18 .
- the first distance 36 can be between about 0.15 and about 0.40 times the length 40 of the liner 18 . More preferably, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be between about 0.20 and about 0.30 times the length 40 of the liner 18 . Most preferably, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be about 0.25 times the length 40 of the liner 18 .
- the first distance 36 can have a selected ratio relative to the distance 42 from the distal end of the shoe portion 12 to the proximal end of the liner 18 .
- the first distance 36 can be between about 0.10 and about 0.25 times the distance 42 from the distal end of the shoe portion 12 to the proximal end of the liner 18 . More preferably, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be between about 0.15 and about 0.20 times the distance 42 from the distal end of the shoe portion 12 to the proximal end of the liner 18 .
- the first distance 36 can be about 0.18 times the distance 42 from the distal end of the shoe portion 12 to the proximal end of the liner 18 .
- the tapered portion 24 or point at which the core sampler 10 widens can be positioned at a distance 36 from the distal end of the shoe portion 12 sufficient to prevent disturbance of a core sample retrieved by the core sampler 10 .
- the overall length 38 of the shoe portion 12 and the overall length 44 of the core sampler 10 can be varied as desired.
- the length of the various components of the core sampler 10 and/or the overall length 44 of the core sampler 10 can be varied based on drilling conditions and/or a desired core sample size.
- a drilling system 100 can be used to retrieve a core sample from a formation 102 .
- the drilling system 100 can comprise a drill string 104 that includes a core sampler 10 and one or more drill rods 108 .
- the terms “down” and “distal end” refer to the end of the drill string 104 that includes the core sampler 10 . While the terms “up” or “proximal” refer to the end of the drill string 104 , which is opposite the core sampler 10 .
- the terms “axial” or “axially” refer to the direction along the length of the drill string 104 . In one aspect, it is contemplated that the longitudinal axis 50 of the core sampler 10 can be substantially axially aligned with the drill string 104 .
- the drilling system 100 can comprise a drill rig 114 that is configured to rotate and/or push the core sampler 10 , the drill rods 108 and/or other portions of the drill string 104 into the formation 102 .
- the drill rig 114 can comprise, for example, a drill head 116 , a sled assembly 118 , and a mast 120 .
- the drill head 116 can be coupled to the drill string 104 and can permit the drill head 116 to rotate the core sampler 10 , the drill rods 108 and/or other portions of the drill string 104 .
- the drill head 116 can be configured to vary the speed and/or direction that it rotates these components.
- the sled assembly 118 can be configured to move relative to the mast 120 .
- the sled assembly 118 can provide a force against the rotary drill head 116 . It is contemplated that the force against the rotary drill head 116 provided by the sled assembly in this fashion can push the core sampler 10 , the drill rods 108 and/or other portions of the drill string 104 further into the formation 102 .
- the drill rig 114 does not require a rotary drill head, a sled assembly, a slide frame or a drive assembly and that the drill rig 114 can comprise other suitable conventional components. It will also be appreciated that the drilling system 100 does not require a drill rig and that the drilling system 100 can comprise other suitable conventional components that can be configured to rotate and/or push the core sampler 10 , the drill rods 108 and/or other portions of the drill string 104 into the formation 102 . For example, it is contemplated that conventional sonic, percussive, or down hole hammers can be used.
- the drill head 116 can comprise a sonic drill head.
- the sonic drill head can be configured to generate and transfer oscillating forces to the drill string 104 and core sampler 10 to urge the core sampler 10 into the formation 102 .
- the sonic drill head 116 can include an oscillation assembly having an oscillator housing that supports eccentrically weighted rotors. It is further contemplated that the eccentrically weighted rotors can be configured to rotate within the oscillator housing to generate cyclical, oscillating centrifugal forces, which are then transferred to the drill string 104 . It is still further contemplated that the increased thickness of the tube portion 14 can provide adequate strength to the core sampler 10 so as to permit the core sampler to withstand the relatively significant forces associated with sonic drilling.
- the sonic drill head can oscillate and push (and optionally rotate) the core sampler 10 into the formation 102 to allow a core sample to be collected within core sampler 10 .
- the drill string 104 can be tripped from the borehole, and the core sampler 10 can be retrieved.
- the core sample can be removed from the core sampler 10 by removing the shoe portion 12 and removing the liner 18 with the core sample therein.
- a new liner 18 can be positioned within the core sampler 10 and the shoe portion 12 reattached.
- the core sampler 10 can then be rotated and/or pushed further into the formation 102 to allow another core sample to be collected within the core sampler 10 .
- the core sampler 10 can be repeatedly retrieved and sent back in this manner to obtain multiple core samples.
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/475,506, which was filed on Apr. 14, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- 1. Field
- Implementations of the present invention relate generally to drilling devices and methods that may be used to drill and take core samples from naturally occurring and/or manmade geological formations. In particular, implementations of the present invention relate to core samplers.
- 2. The Relevant Technology
- Core drilling (or core sampling) includes obtaining core samples of subterranean formations at various depths for various reasons. For example, a retrieved core sample can indicate what materials, such as petroleum, precious metals, and other desirable materials, are present or are likely to be present in a particular formation, and at what depths such materials are present. In some cases, core sampling can be used to give a geological timeline of materials and events. As such, core sampling may be used to determine the desirability of further exploration in a particular area.
- The quality of a core sample can be influenced by the tools used to obtain the sample, the drilling or sampling method, and the handling, transport, and storage of the sample. For some conventional forms of sample analysis, it is often desirable to have undisturbed samples. Mechanical disturbance of the soil during core sampling can affect the quality of a core sample. In particular, the smaller the “area ratio,” e.g., the ratio of area of soil displaced by the sampler in proportion to the area of the obtained sample, the more undisturbed the core sample will be. Unfortunately, the current industry trends typically include the use of thick walled tubes for core sampling. Such thick-walled tubes can have area ratios as high as 50%, which can cause undesirable disturbance of core samples.
- European Standard BS EN ISO 22457-1 (herein, the “Standard”) defines five classes of sample quality. Class 1 includes the least “disturbed” samples. The Standard sets out that only Class 1 samples can be used for strength and compressibility testing. The Standard stipulates in part that samplers for obtaining Class 1 samples should be thin walled with a maximum area ratio of fifteen percent and a maximum cutting shoe taper of five degrees.
- While a sampler meeting the requirements of the Standard may be capable of obtaining Class 1 samples, there is no guarantee that such a sampler will necessarily obtain Class 1 samples. Furthermore, it is possible that core samplers that comply with the Standard may not be robust enough to withstand harder and/or stony soils without incurring significant damage during the application of the forces required to advance the sampler, such as, for example, when using dynamic percussion hammers or sonic drilling techniques.
- Accordingly, there is a need in the pertinent art for a core sampler that addresses the issues discussed above. More particularly, there is a need in the pertinent art for a core sampler that is capable of obtaining high-quality soil samples and that is robust enough to withstand advancement within hard and/or stony soils.
- Described herein is a core sampler that overcomes one or more problems in the art with drilling tools, systems, and methods for effectively and efficiently obtaining core samples. An exemplary core sampler as described herein complies with the European Standard BS EN ISO 22457-1 and takes high quality, undisturbed samples, while being able to withstand significant drilling forces associated with driving or hammering of the sampler and/or advancement of the core sampler within harder formations. In particular, the core sampler can include a smaller diameter, thinner walled shoe portion that transitions to a larger diameter, thicker walled tube portion at a predetermined, specific distance along a longitudinal axis of the core sampler. The smaller diameter shoe portion can allow for an undisturbed sample, while the larger diameter tube portion advantageously can impart increased strength to the core sampler. Additionally, it is contemplated that the larger diameter tube portion can provide the thickness needed for a liner, which allows the core sampler to be reusable.
- Additional advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
- The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several aspects of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary core sampler as described herein; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of the core sampler ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 illustrates another cross-sectional view of the core sampler ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of an exemplary shoe portion of the core sampler ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 illustrates another enlarged cross-sectional view of an exemplary shoe portion of the core sampler ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 6 illustrates another cross-sectional view of an exemplary core sampler as described herein; and -
FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary drilling system incorporating a core sampler as described herein. - The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description, examples, drawings, and claims, and their previous and following description. However, before the present devices, systems, and/or methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific devices, systems, and/or methods disclosed unless otherwise specified, as such can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting.
- The present invention can be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description, examples, drawing, and claims, and their previous and following description. However, before the present devices, systems, and/or methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific devices, systems, and/or methods disclosed unless otherwise specified, as such can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting.
- The following description of the invention is provided as an enabling teaching of the invention in its best, currently known embodiment. To this end, those skilled in the relevant art will recognize and appreciate that many changes can be made to the various aspects of the invention described herein, while still obtaining the beneficial results of the present invention. It will also be apparent that some of the desired benefits of the present invention can be obtained by selecting some of the features of the present invention without utilizing other features. Accordingly, those who work in the art will recognize that many modifications and adaptations to the present invention are possible and can even be desirable in certain circumstances and are a part of the present invention. Thus, the following description is provided as illustrative of the principles of the present invention and not in limitation thereof.
- As used throughout, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “an opening” can include two or more such openings unless the context indicates otherwise.
- Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.
- As used herein, the terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.
- The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of the invention and the examples included therein and to the Figures and their previous and following description.
- Described herein are core samplers, systems, and methods for effectively and efficiently obtaining core samples. In one aspect, a core sampler as described herein can comply with the European Standard BS EN ISO 22457-1 and can be configured to take high quality, undisturbed samples while withstanding significant drilling forces associated with driving or hammering of the sampler and/or with harder formations. In one aspect, an exemplary core sampler can include a smaller diameter, thin-walled shoe portion that transitions to a larger diameter, thick-walled tube portion at a predetermined, specific distance along a longitudinal axis of the core sampler. In this aspect, the smaller diameter shoe portion can allow for an undisturbed sample, while the larger diameter tube portion can impart increased strength to the core sampler. In a further aspect, the larger diameter tube portion can provide the thickness needed for a liner, thereby permitting the core sampler to be reusable.
- Referring now to the Figures,
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of anexemplary core sampler 10.FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate cross-sectional views of thecore sampler 10. As shown byFIGS. 1-3 , in exemplary aspects, thecore sampler 10 can include ashoe portion 12, atube portion 14, and anadapter 16. - In one aspect, the
tube portion 14 can be open at both a proximal end and an opposed distal end so that the interior may be occupied by a core sample introduced through the open distal end. In this aspect, the distal end of the tube portion can define one ormore openings 21 for receiving the core sample. It is contemplated that thetube portion 14 can be constructed of any suitable material, such as, for example and without limitation, steel, a composite material, or other metal alloy that permits thetube portion 14 to withstand forces associated with drilling as described herein. It is further contemplated that thetube portion 14 can have a shape and size configured to allow for the housing of a core sample. In an exemplary aspect, as shown inFIGS. 1-3 , thetube portion 14 can have a cylindrical shape with a substantially circular cross-section, and an inner surface of the tube portion can define acentral bore 23 surrounding the longitudinal axis 50 of the core sampler and extending between the proximal and distal ends of the tube portion. One skilled in the art will appreciate that it is contemplated that thetube portion 14 can have various lengths and widths, depending on the desired size of the core sample. - In another aspect, the
shoe portion 12 can be coupled or otherwise secured to the distal end of thetube portion 14. In this aspect, theshoe portion 12 can operate to facilitate penetration into a formation. In a further aspect, theshoe portion 12 can comprise a coring drill bit or other device capable of penetrating and capturing a core sample. In an exemplary aspect, as shown inFIGS. 1-3 , theshoe portion 12 can have an annular shape with a distal end having a beveled or taperedportion 22. In this aspect, as shown inFIG. 5 , it is contemplated that the beveled or taperedportion 22 of the distal end of theshoe portion 12 can have a taper 26 that is sufficiently sharp to facilitate penetration into a formation. It is further contemplated that the taper 26 can be about twenty degrees or less or optionally about fifteen degrees or less as measured relative to the longitudinal axis 50 of thecore sampler 10 moving along the longitudinal axis 50 of the core sampler toward theopening 21 of the distal end of the shoe portion. In another aspect, as shown inFIG. 2 , it is contemplated that an inner surface of theshoe portion 12 can define acentral bore 25 surrounding the longitudinal axis 50 of the core sampler and extending between the proximal end and the distal end of the shoe portion. - It is contemplated that the
shoe portion 12 can be operatively coupled to thetube portion 14 in any conventional manner, such as, for example, by welding, pins, clamps, threads, and the like. In an exemplary aspect, as shown inFIGS. 4 and 5 , thetube portion 14 can comprise internal threads, and theshoe portion 12 can include external threads configured for complementary engagement with the internal threads of thetube portion 14. Alternatively, it is contemplated that theshoe portion 12 can be integrally formed with thetube portion 14. - In one aspect, as shown in
FIG. 5 , theshoe portion 12 can be thin-walled relative to thetube portion 14. More particularly, in another aspect, theshoe portion 12 can have an inner diameter 28 (defined by an inner surface of the shoe portion) and an outer diameter 30 (defined by an outer surface of the shoe portion). In this aspect, it is contemplated that the radial distance between the inner surface and the outer surface, i.e., the thickness of theshoe portion 12, can range from about 0.10 to about 0.20 inches; more preferably, can range from about 0.12 to about 0.15 inches, and, most preferably, can be about 0.14 inches. It is contemplated that the relatively small thickness of the walls of theshoe portion 12 can help prevent disturbance of a core sample and allow Class 1 samples (as defined by European Standard BS EN ISO 22457-1) to be obtained. In further aspects, the area ratio of the shoe portion 12 (or the outer diameter squared minus the inner diameter squared, divided by the inner diameter squared, times 100) can be less than about 25 percent, more preferably, can be less than about 20 percent, and, most preferably, can be less than about 15 percent. - In another aspect, as shown in
FIG. 5 , thetube portion 14 can be thicker than theshoe portion 12. In this aspect, the inner diameter of thetube portion 14 can be defined by an inner surface of the tube portion, and the maximum outer diameter 32 of the tube portion 14 (defined by an outer surface of the tube portion) can be larger than theouter diameter 30 of theshoe portion 12. It is further contemplated that the inner diameter of thetube portion 14 can be substantially equal to the inner diameter 28 of the shoe portion. In exemplary aspects, the thickness of the tube portion can correspond to the radial distance between the inner surface and the outer surface of thetube portion 14. It is further contemplated that the thicker gauge of thetube portion 14 can impart strength to thecore sampler 10 and permits thecore sampler 10 to withstand forces associated with sonic drilling and/or harder formations. As explained in greater detail below, it is further contemplated that the increased thickness of thetube portion 14 can provide space for aliner 18. - In an exemplary aspect, as shown in
FIG. 5 , thetube portion 14 can comprise a taperedportion 24 that transitions from theouter diameter 30 of theshoe portion 12 to the outer diameter 32 of thetube portion 14. In this aspect, the taperedportion 24 of thetube portion 14 can be inwardly tapered relative to the longitudinal axis 50 of thecore sampler 10 moving along the longitudinal axis 50 of the core sampler toward theshoe portion 12. As explained in greater detail below, it is contemplated that the taperedportion 24 or transition to the thicker portion of thecore sampler 10 can be spaced from the distal end of theshoe portion 12 so as to not disturb a core sample entering thecore sampler 10 through theshoe portion 12. - In an additional aspect, it is contemplated that the combined thickness of the
liner 18 and thetube portion 14 can be greater than the thickness of theshoe portion 12. For example, it is contemplated that the combined thickness of theliner 18 and thetube portion 14 can be about twice the thickness of theshoe portion 12. In exemplary aspects, the combined thickness of theliner 18 and thetube portion 14 can be between about 0.15 and about 0.50 inches or greater, more preferably, can be between about 0.20 and about 0.30 inches, and, most preferably, can be about 0.28 inches. - Optionally, as mentioned previously and as shown in
FIGS. 2 and 3 , thetube portion 14 can house aliner 18. In this aspect, theliner 18 can be positioned between the proximal end of theshoe portion 12 and theadapter 16. Thus, it is contemplated that theliner 18 can be sandwiched between theshoe portion 12 on the bottom and theadapter 16 on the top. It is contemplated that thereplaceable liner 18 can allow for a core sample that complies with European Standard BS EN ISO 22457-1 and can permit thesampling tube portion 14 to be reused. In exemplary aspects, theliner 18 can be configured to fit into the honedsmooth tube portion 14, which can permit theliner 18 to be inserted and extracted easily. Thus, it is contemplated that thecore sampler 10 can allow for replaceable liners such that the more complex, costlier components (e.g., tubes) can be reused, and only the inexpensive components (e.g., liners) are consumed, yet still provide a compliant, undisturbed sample that satisfies European Standard BS EN ISO 22457-1. - In one aspect, the
liner 18 can be configured to contain and protect the core sample. In this aspect, it is contemplated that theliner 18 can act as a consumable product that can be sent with a core sample, thereby allowing a driller to replace theliner 18 and use thecore sampler 10 again. It is further contemplated that theliner 18 can assist in improving core recovery in certain soil types. - In an additional aspect, the
liner 18 can have a shape and size that is configured to allow for the housing of a core sample. For example, as shown inFIGS. 2-3 , it is contemplated that theliner 18 can have a substantially cylindrical shape with a substantially circular cross-section. One skilled in the art will appreciate that it is contemplated that theliner 18 can have various lengths and widths, depending on the desired size of the core sample and the size of thetube portion 14. In further aspects, theliner 18 can comprise various suitable materials. For example, it is contemplated that theliner 18 can comprise a polymeric material, a plastic material, and the like. In other exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that theliner 18 can comprise steel, a composite material, or other metal alloy. In another aspect, it is contemplated that the inside of theliner 18 can be substantially smooth with minimal or no protruding edges or irregularities, thereby reducing disturbance of a core sample. - In still another aspect, and with reference to
FIGS. 1-3 , thecore sampler 10 can comprise anadapter 16. In this aspect, theadapter 16 can be configured to be operatively coupled to a drill rod or other drill string component. In exemplary aspects, theadapter 16 can comprise means for coupling to the drill rod or other drill string component. It is contemplated that the means for coupling can comprise, for example and without limitation, threads and/or another connection device, such as a pin (such aspin 34 ofFIG. 6 ) or a locking ring, to affect such coupling. - In another aspect, the
adapter 16 can house acheck valve 20. In this aspect, it is contemplated that thecheck valve 20 can comprise a ball valve. In this aspect, it is contemplated that the check valve can be configured to allow the system to vent air out during sampling but create a vacuum on the sample to prevent sample loss when thecore sampler 10 is extracted from the bore hole. It is further contemplated that the check valve 112 can be configured to allow fluid, gases, and other low density materials to exittube portion 14 generally upwardly. In one exemplary aspect, during an exemplary drilling operation, it is contemplated that the borehole andtube portion 14 can be filled with fluid, and thecheck valve 20 can allow this fluid to exit thetube portion 14 without exerting constant downward or static hydraulic pressure on the interior oftube portion 14. Thus, it is contemplated thatcheck valve 20 can provide any excess fluid with an escape path out oftube portion 14. Furthermore, by creating a vacuum, it is contemplated that thecheck valve 20 can help ensure that softer core samples (such as, for example, sandy core samples) do not fall out of the proximal end of the core sampler during extraction of thecore sampler 10 from the bore hole. - In a further aspect, and with reference to
FIG. 5 , the taperedportion 24, where thecore sampler 10 transitions from the smaller diameter of theshoe portion 12 to the larger diameter of thetube portion 14, can be offset from the distal end of theshoe portion 12. It is contemplated that, as thecore sampler 10 is advanced into a selected geologic formation, the offset of the taperedportion 24 from the distal end of theshoe portion 12 can help ensure that, by the time the maximum-diameter portion of thetube portion 14 of thecore sampler 10 contacts the formation and causes more significant soil disturbance, a core sample will be positioned inside thetube portion 14 in a desired comparatively undisturbed state. - In exemplary aspects, as shown in
FIG. 6 , the taperedportion 24 of thecore sampler 10 can be positioned a first distance 36 from the distal end of theshoe portion 12. It is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be about 4 inches or more. However, it is also contemplated that, in some aspects, the first distance 36 can be less than about 4 inches. In an additional aspect, and with reference toFIG. 5 , the first distance 36 can be at least as large as the inner diameter 28 of theshoe portion 12. In this aspect, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be between about 1.0 and about 2.0 times larger than the inner diameter 28 of theshoe portion 12. More preferably, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be between about 1.0 and about 1.5 times larger than the inner diameter 28 of theshoe portion 12. Most preferably, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be between about 1.20 and about 1.25 times larger than the inner diameter 28 of theshoe portion 12. - In another aspect, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can have a selected ratio relative to the length 40 of the
liner 18. In this aspect, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be between about 0.15 and about 0.40 times the length 40 of theliner 18. More preferably, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be between about 0.20 and about 0.30 times the length 40 of theliner 18. Most preferably, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be about 0.25 times the length 40 of theliner 18. - In an additional aspect, the first distance 36 can have a selected ratio relative to the distance 42 from the distal end of the
shoe portion 12 to the proximal end of theliner 18. In this aspect, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be between about 0.10 and about 0.25 times the distance 42 from the distal end of theshoe portion 12 to the proximal end of theliner 18. More preferably, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be between about 0.15 and about 0.20 times the distance 42 from the distal end of theshoe portion 12 to the proximal end of theliner 18. Most preferably, it is contemplated that the first distance 36 can be about 0.18 times the distance 42 from the distal end of theshoe portion 12 to the proximal end of theliner 18. In various aspects, it is contemplated that the taperedportion 24 or point at which thecore sampler 10 widens can be positioned at a distance 36 from the distal end of theshoe portion 12 sufficient to prevent disturbance of a core sample retrieved by thecore sampler 10. - One will appreciate that the overall length 38 of the
shoe portion 12 and theoverall length 44 of thecore sampler 10 can be varied as desired. For example, it is contemplated that the length of the various components of thecore sampler 10 and/or theoverall length 44 of thecore sampler 10 can be varied based on drilling conditions and/or a desired core sample size. - In exemplary aspects, as shown in
FIG. 7 , adrilling system 100 can be used to retrieve a core sample from a formation 102. In these aspects, thedrilling system 100 can comprise adrill string 104 that includes acore sampler 10 and one ormore drill rods 108. As used herein, the terms “down” and “distal end” refer to the end of thedrill string 104 that includes thecore sampler 10. While the terms “up” or “proximal” refer to the end of thedrill string 104, which is opposite thecore sampler 10. Additionally, the terms “axial” or “axially” refer to the direction along the length of thedrill string 104. In one aspect, it is contemplated that the longitudinal axis 50 of thecore sampler 10 can be substantially axially aligned with thedrill string 104. - In further aspects, the
drilling system 100 can comprise adrill rig 114 that is configured to rotate and/or push thecore sampler 10, thedrill rods 108 and/or other portions of thedrill string 104 into the formation 102. In these aspects, thedrill rig 114 can comprise, for example, adrill head 116, asled assembly 118, and amast 120. In use, it is contemplated that thedrill head 116 can be coupled to thedrill string 104 and can permit thedrill head 116 to rotate thecore sampler 10, thedrill rods 108 and/or other portions of thedrill string 104. If desired, thedrill head 116 can be configured to vary the speed and/or direction that it rotates these components. In one aspect, thesled assembly 118 can be configured to move relative to themast 120. In this aspect, as thesled assembly 118 moves relative to themast 120, thesled assembly 118 can provide a force against therotary drill head 116. It is contemplated that the force against therotary drill head 116 provided by the sled assembly in this fashion can push thecore sampler 10, thedrill rods 108 and/or other portions of thedrill string 104 further into the formation 102. - It will be appreciated, however, that the
drill rig 114 does not require a rotary drill head, a sled assembly, a slide frame or a drive assembly and that thedrill rig 114 can comprise other suitable conventional components. It will also be appreciated that thedrilling system 100 does not require a drill rig and that thedrilling system 100 can comprise other suitable conventional components that can be configured to rotate and/or push thecore sampler 10, thedrill rods 108 and/or other portions of thedrill string 104 into the formation 102. For example, it is contemplated that conventional sonic, percussive, or down hole hammers can be used. - In one exemplary aspect, the
drill head 116 can comprise a sonic drill head. In this aspect, the sonic drill head can be configured to generate and transfer oscillating forces to thedrill string 104 andcore sampler 10 to urge thecore sampler 10 into the formation 102. For example, it is contemplated that thesonic drill head 116 can include an oscillation assembly having an oscillator housing that supports eccentrically weighted rotors. It is further contemplated that the eccentrically weighted rotors can be configured to rotate within the oscillator housing to generate cyclical, oscillating centrifugal forces, which are then transferred to thedrill string 104. It is still further contemplated that the increased thickness of thetube portion 14 can provide adequate strength to thecore sampler 10 so as to permit the core sampler to withstand the relatively significant forces associated with sonic drilling. - In operation, the sonic drill head can oscillate and push (and optionally rotate) the
core sampler 10 into the formation 102 to allow a core sample to be collected withincore sampler 10. After the core sample is collected, thedrill string 104 can be tripped from the borehole, and thecore sampler 10 can be retrieved. The core sample can be removed from thecore sampler 10 by removing theshoe portion 12 and removing theliner 18 with the core sample therein. After the core sample is removed, anew liner 18 can be positioned within thecore sampler 10 and theshoe portion 12 reattached. Thecore sampler 10 can then be rotated and/or pushed further into the formation 102 to allow another core sample to be collected within thecore sampler 10. Thecore sampler 10 can be repeatedly retrieved and sent back in this manner to obtain multiple core samples. - It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other aspects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/446,724 US20120261189A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2012-04-13 | Undisturbed core sampler |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161475506P | 2011-04-14 | 2011-04-14 | |
US13/446,724 US20120261189A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2012-04-13 | Undisturbed core sampler |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20120261189A1 true US20120261189A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
Family
ID=47005564
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/446,724 Abandoned US20120261189A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2012-04-13 | Undisturbed core sampler |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20120261189A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012142441A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112747954A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-04 | 河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第一地质环境调查院 | Core splitting sampler for geological mineral drilling |
US20230366282A1 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2023-11-16 | Studersond Ag | Drilling System for Recovering Nearly Undisturbed Cores From Loose to Solid Ground |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2012142441A3 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
WO2012142441A2 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
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