US20120164845A1 - Dual zone gas injection nozzle - Google Patents
Dual zone gas injection nozzle Download PDFInfo
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- US20120164845A1 US20120164845A1 US13/415,753 US201213415753A US2012164845A1 US 20120164845 A1 US20120164845 A1 US 20120164845A1 US 201213415753 A US201213415753 A US 201213415753A US 2012164845 A1 US2012164845 A1 US 2012164845A1
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- injection ports
- substrate
- processing gas
- process volume
- flowing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/3244—Gas supply means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32431—Constructional details of the reactor
- H01J37/3244—Gas supply means
- H01J37/32449—Gas control, e.g. control of the gas flow
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to method and apparatus for processing a semiconductor substrate. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention provide method and apparatus for processing a semiconductor substrate using inductively coupled plasma technology with improved uniformity.
- Plasma reactors used to fabricate semiconductor microelectronic circuits can employ RF (radio frequency) inductively coupled fields to maintain a plasma formed from a processing gas.
- Conventional inductively coupled plasma reactors generally includes a vacuum chamber having a side wall and a ceiling, a workpiece support pedestal within the chamber and generally facing the ceiling, a gas inlet capable of supplying a process gas into the chamber, and one or more coil antennas overlying the ceiling.
- the one or more coil antennas are generally wound about an axis of symmetry generally perpendicular to the ceiling.
- a RF plasma source power supply is connected across each of the coil antennas.
- the reactor may include an inner coil antenna overlying the ceiling and surrounded by an outer coil antenna.
- a high frequency RF source power signal is applied to the one or more coil antennas near the reactor chamber ceiling.
- a substrate disposed on a pedestal within the chamber has a bias RF signal applied to it.
- the power of the signal applied to the coil antenna primarily determines the plasma ion density within the chamber, while the power of the bias signal applied to the substrate determines the ion energy at the wafer surface.
- the coils are distributed radially or horizontally (rather than being confined to a discrete radius) so that their radial location is diffused accordingly.
- the radial distribution of plasma ion distribution is changed by changing the relative apportionment of applied RF power between the inner and outer antennas.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a non-uniformity problem encountered by typical inductively coupled plasma reactors.
- FIG. 1 is a result showing nitrogen dosages across a substrate after nitridation processes preformed in a typical inductively coupled plasma reactor. The nitridation processes is performed to silicon dioxide gate dielectric film formed on a substrate. The substrate is positioned in a vacuum chamber capable of generating inductively coupled plasma. Nitrogen gas is flown to the plasma chamber and a plasma is struck while the flow continues. The nitrogen radicals and/or nitrogen ions in the nitrogen plasma then diffuse and/or bombard into the silicon dioxide gate dielectric film.
- FIG. 1 is a diameter scan chart showing nitrogen dosage (Ndose) along a diameter of a 300 mm substrate after nitridation performed in an inductively coupled plasma reactor.
- the diameter scan chart of FIG. 1 has an “M” shape illustrating a low dosage near the center of the substrate.
- the center drop of the M shape is mainly affected by the gas supply near the center region.
- the present invention generally provides apparatus and method for processing a substrate. Particularly, the present invention provides apparatus and methods to obtain a desired distribution of a process gas in inductive plasma reactor.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for processing a substrate comprising a chamber body defining a process volume, and an injection nozzle assembly at least partially disposed in the process volume, the injection nozzle assembly having a first fluid path including a first inlet configured to receive a fluid input, and a plurality of first injection ports connected with the first inlet, wherein the plurality of first injection ports are configured to direct a fluid from the first inlet towards a first region of the process volume, and a second fluid path including a second inlet configured to receive a fluid input, and a plurality of second injection ports connected with the second inlet, wherein the second injection ports are configured to direct a fluid from the second inlet towards a second region of the process volume.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for processing a substrate comprising a chamber body defining a process volume, a substrate pedestal disposed in the process volume, and a gas supply assembly in fluid communication with the process volume, wherein the gas supply assembly comprises a nozzle disposed substantially above a center of the substrate pedestal, wherein the nozzle has a plurality of first injection ports configured to direct a processing gas to a central region on above the substrate pedestal, and a plurality of second injection ports configured to direct the processing gas to an edge region above the substrate pedestal, and a flow control unit configured to adjust a ratio of the processing gas flown to the plurality of first injection ports and the processing gas flown to the plurality of second injection ports.
- Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for processing a substrate comprising providing a process chamber defining a process volume, positioning the substrate in the process volume, and flowing a processing gas to the process volume through an injection assembly, wherein flowing the processing gas comprises flowing a first portion of the processing gas to a first region of the process volume through a plurality of first injection ports, flowing a second portion of the processing gas to a second region of the process volume through a plurality of second injection ports, and adjusting a ratio of the first portion and second portion to achieve a desired distribution of the processing gas within the process volume.
- FIG. 1 (prior art) schematically illustrates a non-uniformity problem encountered by typical inductively coupled plasma reactors.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a sectional side view of a plasma reactor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a partial sectional side view of a plasma reactor having an injection assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A schematically illustrates a sectional top view of a nozzle in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4B schematically illustrates a sectional side view of the nozzle of FIG. 4A .
- FIGS. 5A-5C are charts showing results of a nitridation process using a plasma reactor having an injection assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention generally provides apparatus and methods for processing a semiconductor substrate using inductively coupled plasma.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide inductively coupled plasma reactors having features that provide improved uniformity.
- the inductively coupled plasma reactors of the present invention comprises an gas supply assembly having independently adjustable gas injection ports.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a sectional side view of a plasma reactor 100 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the plasma reactor 100 generally comprises a reactor chamber 101 and an antenna assembly 102 positioned above the reactor chamber 101 .
- the antenna assembly 102 is configured to generate inductively coupled plasma in the reactor chamber 101 .
- the reactor chamber 101 has a process volume 103 defined by a cylindrical side wall 105 and a flat ceiling 110 .
- a substrate support pedestal 115 is disposed within the reactor chamber 101 , oriented in facing relationship to the flat ceiling 110 and centered on the chamber axis of symmetry.
- the substrate support pedestal 115 is configured to support a substrate 106 thereon.
- the substrate support pedestal 115 comprises a supporting body 117 configured to receive and support the substrate 106 during process.
- the substrate support pedestal 115 has an edge surface 118 circumscribing the substrate 106 . The relative height between the edge surface 118 and the substrate 106 is configured to adjust processing results near the edge of the substrate 106 .
- a plurality of supporting pins 116 are movably disposed on the substrate support pedestal 115 and are configured to facilitate substrate transporting.
- a vacuum pump 120 cooperates with a vacuum port 121 of the reactor chamber 101 .
- a slit valve port 104 is formed on the cylindrical side wall 105 allowing transporting of substrates in and out of the process volume 103 .
- a process gas supply 125 furnishes process gas into the process volume 103 through a gas inlet 130 .
- the gas inlet 130 may be centered on the flat ceiling 110 and has a plurality of gas injection ports directing gas to different regions of the process volume 103 .
- the gas inlet 130 may be configured to supply individually adjustable flow of process gas to different regions of the process volume 103 to achieve desired distribution of process gas within the process volume 103 .
- the antenna assembly 102 comprises a cylindrical side wall 126 disposed on the flat ceiling 110 of the reactor chamber.
- a coil mounting plate 127 is movably disposed on the side wall 126 .
- the side wall 126 , the coil mounting plate 127 , and the flat ceiling 110 generally define a coil volume 135 .
- a plurality of coil hangers 132 extend from the coil mounting plate 127 in the coil volume 135 .
- the plurality of coil hangers 132 are configured to position one or more coil antennas in the coil volume 135 .
- an inner coil 131 and an outer coil 129 are arranged in the coil volume 135 to maintain a uniform plasma ion density across the entire substrate surface during process.
- the inner coil 131 has a diameter of about 5 inches and the outer coil 129 has a diameter of about 20 inches.
- Detailed description of different designs of coil antennas may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,798, entitled “Plasma Reactor Having a Symmetric Parallel Conductor Coil Antenna”, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Each of the inner coil 131 and the outer coil 129 may be a solenoidal multi-conductor interleaved coil antenna that defines a vertical right circular cylinder or imaginary cylindrical surface or locus whose axis of symmetry substantially coincides with that of the reactor chamber 101 . It is desirable to have axis of the inner coil 131 and outer coil 129 to coincide with the axis of the axis of symmetry of the substrate 106 to be processed in the reactor chamber 101 . However, the alignment among the inner coil 131 , the outer coil 129 , the reactor chamber 101 , and the substrate 106 is susceptible to errors causing skews.
- the coil mounting plate 127 is movably positioned on the side walls 126 so that the inner coil 131 and the outer coil 129 may be tilted relative to the reactor chamber 101 , together or independently.
- the coil mounting plate 127 may be adjusted rotating a tilt ring 128 positioned between the coil mounting plate 127 and the side wall 126 .
- the tilt ring 128 has a variable thickness which enables a tilted mounting of the coil mounting plate 127 .
- the plasma reactor 100 further comprises a power assembly 134 configured to provide power supply to the inner coil 131 and the outer coil 129 .
- the power assembly 134 generally comprises RF power supplies and matching networks. In one embodiment, the power assembly 134 may be positioned above the coil mounting plate 127 .
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a partial sectional side view of a plasma reactor 400 having an injection assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the plasma reactor 400 may be similar to the plasma reactor 100 of FIG. 2 .
- the plasma reactor 400 has a process volume 403 defined by a sidewall 401 , a supporting pedestal 402 , and a lid 405 .
- a supporting ring 404 may be coupled between the sidewall 401 and the lid 405 .
- the process volume 403 may be substantially cylindrical and configured to process circular substrates therein.
- a gas supply assembly 410 is in fluid communication with the process volume 403 and is at least partially disposed in the process volume 403 .
- the gas supply assembly is configured to supply a processing gas from a gas source 416 to the process volume 403 .
- a substrate 406 is disposed on the supporting pedestal 402 and exposing a top surface 406 a to the processing gas in process volume 403 .
- the gas supply assembly 410 is configured to supply the processing gas to the process volume 403 in a desired distribution, for example, a uniform distribution.
- the gas supply assembly 410 is configured to achieve a desired distribution by injecting a process gas to at least two process zones, and adjusting ratio of flow rates among different process zones.
- the gas supply assembly 410 comprises a nozzle 412 having a cylindrical shape.
- the nozzle 412 is partially disposed in the process volume 403 through an aperture 405 a formed near a center of the lid 405 .
- the nozzle 412 may have a plurality of injection ports configured to directing gas flow toward different regions of the process volume 403 .
- the nozzle 412 has a plurality of central injection ports 422 configured to direct the process gas toward a central region of the process volume 403 .
- the plurality of central injection ports 422 are channels with openings perpendicular to the substrate 406 and are configured to inject a flow along directions shown by arrows 424 .
- the nozzle 412 has a plurality of outer injection ports 421 configured to direct the process gas toward an outer region of the process volume 403 .
- the plurality of outer injection ports 421 are channels with openings parallel to the substrate 406 around the perimeter of the nozzle 412 and are configured to inject a flow along directions shown by arrows 425 .
- the gas supply assembly 410 further comprises a feed plate 411 coupled to the nozzle 412 .
- the feed plate 411 is configured to receive two or more input flows and direct the input flows to the nozzle 412 .
- FIGS. 4A-4B schematically illustrate sectional views of the nozzle 412 and the feed plate 411 .
- the feed plate 411 has two receiving channels 413 a , 414 a configured to connect to input flow.
- the receiving channel 414 a opens to an inner passage 419 , which is a recess formed near a center of the feed plate 411 .
- the receiving channel 413 a opens to an outer passage 420 .
- the outer passage 420 is a circular recess surrounding the inner passage 419 .
- the inner passage 419 is in fluid communication with a central recess 423 of the nozzle 412 .
- the central recess 423 is connected to the plurality of central injection ports 422 . Therefore, the feed plate 411 and the nozzle 412 form a passage that delivers fluid coming from the receiving channel 413 a to a central region of the process volume 403 .
- the outer passage 420 is in fluid communication the plurality of outer injection ports 421 . Therefore, the feed plate 411 and the nozzle 412 form a passage that delivers fluid coming from the receiving channel 414 a to an outer region of the process volume 403 .
- eight outer injection ports 421 evenly distributed around the nozzle 412 and seven central injection ports 422 formed on a bottom of the nozzle 412 .
- other configurations of the injection ports are contemplated depending on process requirement.
- the nozzle 412 and feed plate 411 may be fabricated from material suitable for chemistry and temperature requirement of processes performed in the plasma reactor 400 .
- the nozzle 412 may be fabricated from quartz.
- the lid 405 may also be fabricated from quartz.
- the feed plate 411 may be fabricated from ceramic.
- the nozzle 412 and the feed plate 411 may be secured together by an upper clamp 418 and a lower clamp 417 .
- the gas supply assembly 410 further comprises a flow control unit 415 .
- the flow control unit 415 may have an input line 427 connected to the gas source 416 , and two output lines 413 , 414 connected to the feed plate 411 .
- the flow control unit 415 may comprise an adjustable splitter configured to split an incoming flow from the input line 427 to the outputs 413 , 414 at a variable ratio.
- the flow control unit 415 may be also control the total flow rate flown to the process volume 403 .
- the flow control unit 415 may split the incoming flow according to a control signal from a system controller 426 and may adjust a total flow rate according to control signals from the system controller 426 .
- the gas source 416 provides a process gas to the input line 427 of the flow control unit 415 .
- the flow control unit 415 then directs the incoming gas to either one or both of the output lines 413 , 414 according to the process requirements, for example in the form of control signals from the system controller 426 .
- the process gas from the output lines 413 , 414 then enter to passages formed in the feed plate 411 and the nozzle 412 .
- the process gas is then injected by the nozzle 412 to different regions of the process volume 403 and to come in contact with the substrate 406 .
- the process gas flows from the center of the process volume 403 where the nozzle 412 is disposed to an edge of the process volume 403 and exists the process volume 403 with assistance from a pumping system 408 .
- the distribution of the process gas in the process volume 403 may be controlled using the gas supply assembly 410 .
- At least three methods may be used individually or combined to achieve a desired gas distribution.
- First, direction, number, and dimension of the injection ports of the nozzle 412 may be adjusted to direct the process gas towards different regions of the process volume 403 .
- Second, a ratio of the flow rates among different regions may be adjusted to achieve a desired distribution.
- Third, a total flow rate may be adjusted to achieve a desired distribution.
- FIGS. 5A-5C are charts showing results of a nitridation process using a plasma reactor having an injection assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the results in FIGS. 5A-5C demonstrate different gas distribution in a process chamber during a nitridation process as a result of flow adjustments using a gas supply assembly similar to the gas supply assembly 410 of FIG. 3 .
- the nitridation process is generally performed to silicon dioxide gate dielectric film formed on a substrate.
- the substrate is positioned in the plasma reactor, for example, the plasma reactor 100 of FIG. 2 .
- Nitrogen gas is flown to the plasma chamber and a plasma is struck by applying RF power to a coil assembly, such as the coil assemblies 129 , 131 of FIG. 2 , while the nitrogen flows continuously.
- the plasma ionizes the nitrogen and the ionized nitrogen then diffuses into the silicon dioxide gate dielectric film.
- FIG. 5A shows results from four processes of nitrogen dosage in a nitridation process when the processing gas is only supplied towards a central region of the process volume.
- the flow control unit 415 directs 100% of the incoming flow to the output line 414 which leads to the plurality of central injection ports 422 and all of the process gas enters the process volume 403 along directions illustrated by arrows 424 . While the flow control unit 415 directs none of the incoming flow to the output line 413 that leads to the plurality of outer injection ports 421 and none of the process gas enters the process volume 403 along directions illustrated by arrows 425 .
- the total flow rates for the four processes are 100 sccm, 300 sccm, 500 sccm, and 700 sccm respectively. The change of flow rates can be accomplished by using the flow control unit 415 also.
- Results in FIG. 5A show that when the central region of the substrate has more exposure to the process gas than the edge region of the substrate when the process gas is supplied from the central injection ports only. The degree of difference between the central region and the edge region increases with the total flow rate.
- FIG. 5B shows results from three processes of nitrogen dosage in a nitridation process when the processing gas is only supplied towards the edge region of the process volume.
- the flow control unit 415 directs none of the incoming flow to the output line 414 which leads to the plurality of central injection ports 422 and none of the process gas enters the process volume 403 along directions illustrated by arrows 424 . While the flow control unit 415 directs 100% of the incoming flow to the output line 413 that leads to the plurality of outer injection ports 421 and all of the process gas enters the process volume 403 along directions illustrated by arrows 425 .
- the total flow rates for the three processes are 100 sccm, 300 sccm, and 500 sccm respectively. The change of flow rates can also be accomplished by using the flow control unit 415 .
- Results in FIG. 5B show that the central region of the substrate has less exposure to the process gas than the edge region of the substrate when the process gas is supplied from the edge injection ports only.
- the degree of difference between the central region and the edge region increases with the total flow rate.
- FIG. 5C shows results from seven processes of nitrogen dosage in a nitridation process when the processing gas is supplied towards both the edge region and the central region of the process volume.
- the total flow rates for the seven processes remain at 400 sccm but the ratio of the flow rate changes.
- Results in FIG. 5C show the degree of gas distribution difference between the central region and the edge region may be adjustable by adjusting the ratio of flow rates for different regions.
- FIGS. 5A-5C demonstrate that a desired gas distribution, for example uniform gas distribution, may be achieved by adjusting ratios of flow rates for injected gases towards different regions and the resulting ratios may be different when the total flow rate changes. Therefore, a desired gas distribution may be achieved by adjusting ratio, total flow rate, or both.
Abstract
The present invention generally provides apparatus and method for processing a substrate. Particularly, the present invention provides apparatus and methods to obtain a desired distribution of a process gas. One embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for processing a substrate comprising an injection nozzle having a first fluid path including a first inlet configured to receive a fluid input, and a plurality of first injection ports connected with the first inlet, wherein the plurality of first injection ports are configured to direct a fluid from the first inlet towards a first region of a process volume, and a second fluid path including a second inlet configured to receive a fluid input, and a plurality of second injection ports connected with the second inlet, wherein the second injection ports are configured to direct a fluid from the second inlet towards a second region of the process volume.
Description
- This application is a divisional application of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/960,166, filed Dec. 19, 2007, which is herein incorporated by reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to method and apparatus for processing a semiconductor substrate. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention provide method and apparatus for processing a semiconductor substrate using inductively coupled plasma technology with improved uniformity.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Plasma reactors used to fabricate semiconductor microelectronic circuits can employ RF (radio frequency) inductively coupled fields to maintain a plasma formed from a processing gas. Conventional inductively coupled plasma reactors generally includes a vacuum chamber having a side wall and a ceiling, a workpiece support pedestal within the chamber and generally facing the ceiling, a gas inlet capable of supplying a process gas into the chamber, and one or more coil antennas overlying the ceiling. The one or more coil antennas are generally wound about an axis of symmetry generally perpendicular to the ceiling. A RF plasma source power supply is connected across each of the coil antennas. Sometimes, the reactor may include an inner coil antenna overlying the ceiling and surrounded by an outer coil antenna.
- Typically, a high frequency RF source power signal is applied to the one or more coil antennas near the reactor chamber ceiling. A substrate disposed on a pedestal within the chamber has a bias RF signal applied to it. The power of the signal applied to the coil antenna primarily determines the plasma ion density within the chamber, while the power of the bias signal applied to the substrate determines the ion energy at the wafer surface.
- Typically with “inner” and “outer” coil antennas, the coils are distributed radially or horizontally (rather than being confined to a discrete radius) so that their radial location is diffused accordingly. The radial distribution of plasma ion distribution is changed by changing the relative apportionment of applied RF power between the inner and outer antennas. However, it becomes more difficult to maintain a uniform plasma ion density across the entire wafer surface as wafers become larger and device feature become smaller.
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FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a non-uniformity problem encountered by typical inductively coupled plasma reactors.FIG. 1 is a result showing nitrogen dosages across a substrate after nitridation processes preformed in a typical inductively coupled plasma reactor. The nitridation processes is performed to silicon dioxide gate dielectric film formed on a substrate. The substrate is positioned in a vacuum chamber capable of generating inductively coupled plasma. Nitrogen gas is flown to the plasma chamber and a plasma is struck while the flow continues. The nitrogen radicals and/or nitrogen ions in the nitrogen plasma then diffuse and/or bombard into the silicon dioxide gate dielectric film. -
FIG. 1 is a diameter scan chart showing nitrogen dosage (Ndose) along a diameter of a 300 mm substrate after nitridation performed in an inductively coupled plasma reactor. The diameter scan chart ofFIG. 1 has an “M” shape illustrating a low dosage near the center of the substrate. The center drop of the M shape is mainly affected by the gas supply near the center region. - Therefore, there is a need for apparatus and method for processing a semiconductor substrate using inductively coupled plasma technology with improved uniformity.
- The present invention generally provides apparatus and method for processing a substrate. Particularly, the present invention provides apparatus and methods to obtain a desired distribution of a process gas in inductive plasma reactor.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for processing a substrate comprising a chamber body defining a process volume, and an injection nozzle assembly at least partially disposed in the process volume, the injection nozzle assembly having a first fluid path including a first inlet configured to receive a fluid input, and a plurality of first injection ports connected with the first inlet, wherein the plurality of first injection ports are configured to direct a fluid from the first inlet towards a first region of the process volume, and a second fluid path including a second inlet configured to receive a fluid input, and a plurality of second injection ports connected with the second inlet, wherein the second injection ports are configured to direct a fluid from the second inlet towards a second region of the process volume.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for processing a substrate comprising a chamber body defining a process volume, a substrate pedestal disposed in the process volume, and a gas supply assembly in fluid communication with the process volume, wherein the gas supply assembly comprises a nozzle disposed substantially above a center of the substrate pedestal, wherein the nozzle has a plurality of first injection ports configured to direct a processing gas to a central region on above the substrate pedestal, and a plurality of second injection ports configured to direct the processing gas to an edge region above the substrate pedestal, and a flow control unit configured to adjust a ratio of the processing gas flown to the plurality of first injection ports and the processing gas flown to the plurality of second injection ports.
- Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for processing a substrate comprising providing a process chamber defining a process volume, positioning the substrate in the process volume, and flowing a processing gas to the process volume through an injection assembly, wherein flowing the processing gas comprises flowing a first portion of the processing gas to a first region of the process volume through a plurality of first injection ports, flowing a second portion of the processing gas to a second region of the process volume through a plurality of second injection ports, and adjusting a ratio of the first portion and second portion to achieve a desired distribution of the processing gas within the process volume.
- So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
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FIG. 1 (prior art) schematically illustrates a non-uniformity problem encountered by typical inductively coupled plasma reactors. -
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a sectional side view of a plasma reactor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a partial sectional side view of a plasma reactor having an injection assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4A schematically illustrates a sectional top view of a nozzle in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4B schematically illustrates a sectional side view of the nozzle ofFIG. 4A . -
FIGS. 5A-5C are charts showing results of a nitridation process using a plasma reactor having an injection assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. - To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one embodiment may be beneficially utilized on other embodiments without specific recitation.
- The present invention generally provides apparatus and methods for processing a semiconductor substrate using inductively coupled plasma. Embodiments of the present invention provide inductively coupled plasma reactors having features that provide improved uniformity. Particularly, the inductively coupled plasma reactors of the present invention comprises an gas supply assembly having independently adjustable gas injection ports.
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FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a sectional side view of aplasma reactor 100 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Theplasma reactor 100 generally comprises areactor chamber 101 and anantenna assembly 102 positioned above thereactor chamber 101. Theantenna assembly 102 is configured to generate inductively coupled plasma in thereactor chamber 101. - The
reactor chamber 101 has aprocess volume 103 defined by acylindrical side wall 105 and aflat ceiling 110. Asubstrate support pedestal 115 is disposed within thereactor chamber 101, oriented in facing relationship to theflat ceiling 110 and centered on the chamber axis of symmetry. Thesubstrate support pedestal 115 is configured to support asubstrate 106 thereon. Thesubstrate support pedestal 115 comprises a supportingbody 117 configured to receive and support thesubstrate 106 during process. In one embodiment, thesubstrate support pedestal 115 has anedge surface 118 circumscribing thesubstrate 106. The relative height between theedge surface 118 and thesubstrate 106 is configured to adjust processing results near the edge of thesubstrate 106. - A plurality of supporting
pins 116 are movably disposed on thesubstrate support pedestal 115 and are configured to facilitate substrate transporting. Avacuum pump 120 cooperates with avacuum port 121 of thereactor chamber 101. Aslit valve port 104 is formed on thecylindrical side wall 105 allowing transporting of substrates in and out of theprocess volume 103. - A
process gas supply 125 furnishes process gas into theprocess volume 103 through agas inlet 130. Thegas inlet 130 may be centered on theflat ceiling 110 and has a plurality of gas injection ports directing gas to different regions of theprocess volume 103. In one embodiment, thegas inlet 130 may be configured to supply individually adjustable flow of process gas to different regions of theprocess volume 103 to achieve desired distribution of process gas within theprocess volume 103. - The
antenna assembly 102 comprises acylindrical side wall 126 disposed on theflat ceiling 110 of the reactor chamber. Acoil mounting plate 127 is movably disposed on theside wall 126. Theside wall 126, thecoil mounting plate 127, and theflat ceiling 110 generally define acoil volume 135. A plurality ofcoil hangers 132 extend from thecoil mounting plate 127 in thecoil volume 135. The plurality ofcoil hangers 132 are configured to position one or more coil antennas in thecoil volume 135. - In one embodiment, an
inner coil 131 and anouter coil 129 are arranged in thecoil volume 135 to maintain a uniform plasma ion density across the entire substrate surface during process. In one embodiment, theinner coil 131 has a diameter of about 5 inches and theouter coil 129 has a diameter of about 20 inches. Detailed description of different designs of coil antennas may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,798, entitled “Plasma Reactor Having a Symmetric Parallel Conductor Coil Antenna”, which is incorporated herein by reference. - Each of the
inner coil 131 and theouter coil 129 may be a solenoidal multi-conductor interleaved coil antenna that defines a vertical right circular cylinder or imaginary cylindrical surface or locus whose axis of symmetry substantially coincides with that of thereactor chamber 101. It is desirable to have axis of theinner coil 131 andouter coil 129 to coincide with the axis of the axis of symmetry of thesubstrate 106 to be processed in thereactor chamber 101. However, the alignment among theinner coil 131, theouter coil 129, thereactor chamber 101, and thesubstrate 106 is susceptible to errors causing skews. Thecoil mounting plate 127 is movably positioned on theside walls 126 so that theinner coil 131 and theouter coil 129 may be tilted relative to thereactor chamber 101, together or independently. In one embodiment, thecoil mounting plate 127 may be adjusted rotating atilt ring 128 positioned between thecoil mounting plate 127 and theside wall 126. Thetilt ring 128 has a variable thickness which enables a tilted mounting of thecoil mounting plate 127. - The
plasma reactor 100 further comprises apower assembly 134 configured to provide power supply to theinner coil 131 and theouter coil 129. Thepower assembly 134 generally comprises RF power supplies and matching networks. In one embodiment, thepower assembly 134 may be positioned above thecoil mounting plate 127. - More detailed description of the
plasma reactor 100 may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/960,111 (Attorney Docket No. 12087), filed Dec. 19, 2007, entitled “Apparatus and Method for Processing a Substrate Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Technology”, which is incorporated herein by reference. -
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a partial sectional side view of aplasma reactor 400 having an injection assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. - The
plasma reactor 400 may be similar to theplasma reactor 100 ofFIG. 2 . Theplasma reactor 400 has aprocess volume 403 defined by asidewall 401, a supportingpedestal 402, and alid 405. In one embodiment, a supportingring 404 may be coupled between thesidewall 401 and thelid 405. In one embodiment, theprocess volume 403 may be substantially cylindrical and configured to process circular substrates therein. - A
gas supply assembly 410 is in fluid communication with theprocess volume 403 and is at least partially disposed in theprocess volume 403. The gas supply assembly is configured to supply a processing gas from agas source 416 to theprocess volume 403. During process, asubstrate 406 is disposed on the supportingpedestal 402 and exposing atop surface 406 a to the processing gas inprocess volume 403. Thegas supply assembly 410 is configured to supply the processing gas to theprocess volume 403 in a desired distribution, for example, a uniform distribution. In one embodiment, thegas supply assembly 410 is configured to achieve a desired distribution by injecting a process gas to at least two process zones, and adjusting ratio of flow rates among different process zones. - The
gas supply assembly 410 comprises anozzle 412 having a cylindrical shape. Thenozzle 412 is partially disposed in theprocess volume 403 through anaperture 405 a formed near a center of thelid 405. Thenozzle 412 may have a plurality of injection ports configured to directing gas flow toward different regions of theprocess volume 403. - The
nozzle 412 has a plurality ofcentral injection ports 422 configured to direct the process gas toward a central region of theprocess volume 403. In one embodiment, the plurality ofcentral injection ports 422 are channels with openings perpendicular to thesubstrate 406 and are configured to inject a flow along directions shown byarrows 424. - The
nozzle 412 has a plurality ofouter injection ports 421 configured to direct the process gas toward an outer region of theprocess volume 403. In one embodiment, the plurality ofouter injection ports 421 are channels with openings parallel to thesubstrate 406 around the perimeter of thenozzle 412 and are configured to inject a flow along directions shown byarrows 425. - The
gas supply assembly 410 further comprises afeed plate 411 coupled to thenozzle 412. Thefeed plate 411 is configured to receive two or more input flows and direct the input flows to thenozzle 412. -
FIGS. 4A-4B schematically illustrate sectional views of thenozzle 412 and thefeed plate 411. Referring toFIG. 4A , thefeed plate 411 has two receivingchannels channel 414 a opens to aninner passage 419, which is a recess formed near a center of thefeed plate 411. The receivingchannel 413 a opens to anouter passage 420. Theouter passage 420 is a circular recess surrounding theinner passage 419. - Referring to
FIG. 4B , when thefeed plate 411 is coupled to thenozzle 412, theinner passage 419 is in fluid communication with acentral recess 423 of thenozzle 412. Thecentral recess 423 is connected to the plurality ofcentral injection ports 422. Therefore, thefeed plate 411 and thenozzle 412 form a passage that delivers fluid coming from the receivingchannel 413 a to a central region of theprocess volume 403. - Similarly, the
outer passage 420 is in fluid communication the plurality ofouter injection ports 421. Therefore, thefeed plate 411 and thenozzle 412 form a passage that delivers fluid coming from the receivingchannel 414 a to an outer region of theprocess volume 403. - In one embodiment, there are eight
outer injection ports 421 evenly distributed around thenozzle 412 and sevencentral injection ports 422 formed on a bottom of thenozzle 412. However, other configurations of the injection ports are contemplated depending on process requirement. - The
nozzle 412 andfeed plate 411 may be fabricated from material suitable for chemistry and temperature requirement of processes performed in theplasma reactor 400. In one embodiment, thenozzle 412 may be fabricated from quartz. Thelid 405 may also be fabricated from quartz. In one embodiment, thefeed plate 411 may be fabricated from ceramic. - Referring back to
FIG. 3 , thenozzle 412 and thefeed plate 411 may be secured together by anupper clamp 418 and alower clamp 417. - The
gas supply assembly 410 further comprises aflow control unit 415. Theflow control unit 415 may have aninput line 427 connected to thegas source 416, and twooutput lines feed plate 411. Theflow control unit 415 may comprise an adjustable splitter configured to split an incoming flow from theinput line 427 to theoutputs flow control unit 415 may be also control the total flow rate flown to theprocess volume 403. In one embodiment, theflow control unit 415 may split the incoming flow according to a control signal from asystem controller 426 and may adjust a total flow rate according to control signals from thesystem controller 426. - During processing, the
gas source 416 provides a process gas to theinput line 427 of theflow control unit 415. Theflow control unit 415 then directs the incoming gas to either one or both of theoutput lines system controller 426. The process gas from theoutput lines feed plate 411 and thenozzle 412. The process gas is then injected by thenozzle 412 to different regions of theprocess volume 403 and to come in contact with thesubstrate 406. Typically, the process gas flows from the center of theprocess volume 403 where thenozzle 412 is disposed to an edge of theprocess volume 403 and exists theprocess volume 403 with assistance from apumping system 408. - The distribution of the process gas in the
process volume 403, thus, degrees of exposure of surface areas of thesubstrate 406 may be controlled using thegas supply assembly 410. At least three methods may be used individually or combined to achieve a desired gas distribution. First, direction, number, and dimension of the injection ports of thenozzle 412 may be adjusted to direct the process gas towards different regions of theprocess volume 403. Second, a ratio of the flow rates among different regions may be adjusted to achieve a desired distribution. Third, a total flow rate may be adjusted to achieve a desired distribution. -
FIGS. 5A-5C are charts showing results of a nitridation process using a plasma reactor having an injection assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The results inFIGS. 5A-5C demonstrate different gas distribution in a process chamber during a nitridation process as a result of flow adjustments using a gas supply assembly similar to thegas supply assembly 410 ofFIG. 3 . - The nitridation process is generally performed to silicon dioxide gate dielectric film formed on a substrate. The substrate is positioned in the plasma reactor, for example, the
plasma reactor 100 ofFIG. 2 . Nitrogen gas is flown to the plasma chamber and a plasma is struck by applying RF power to a coil assembly, such as thecoil assemblies FIG. 2 , while the nitrogen flows continuously. The plasma ionizes the nitrogen and the ionized nitrogen then diffuses into the silicon dioxide gate dielectric film. -
FIG. 5A shows results from four processes of nitrogen dosage in a nitridation process when the processing gas is only supplied towards a central region of the process volume. During each process, theflow control unit 415 directs 100% of the incoming flow to theoutput line 414 which leads to the plurality ofcentral injection ports 422 and all of the process gas enters theprocess volume 403 along directions illustrated byarrows 424. While theflow control unit 415 directs none of the incoming flow to theoutput line 413 that leads to the plurality ofouter injection ports 421 and none of the process gas enters theprocess volume 403 along directions illustrated byarrows 425. The total flow rates for the four processes are 100 sccm, 300 sccm, 500 sccm, and 700 sccm respectively. The change of flow rates can be accomplished by using theflow control unit 415 also. - Results in
FIG. 5A show that when the central region of the substrate has more exposure to the process gas than the edge region of the substrate when the process gas is supplied from the central injection ports only. The degree of difference between the central region and the edge region increases with the total flow rate. -
FIG. 5B shows results from three processes of nitrogen dosage in a nitridation process when the processing gas is only supplied towards the edge region of the process volume. During each process, theflow control unit 415 directs none of the incoming flow to theoutput line 414 which leads to the plurality ofcentral injection ports 422 and none of the process gas enters theprocess volume 403 along directions illustrated byarrows 424. While theflow control unit 415 directs 100% of the incoming flow to theoutput line 413 that leads to the plurality ofouter injection ports 421 and all of the process gas enters theprocess volume 403 along directions illustrated byarrows 425. The total flow rates for the three processes are 100 sccm, 300 sccm, and 500 sccm respectively. The change of flow rates can also be accomplished by using theflow control unit 415. - Results in
FIG. 5B show that the central region of the substrate has less exposure to the process gas than the edge region of the substrate when the process gas is supplied from the edge injection ports only. The degree of difference between the central region and the edge region increases with the total flow rate. -
FIG. 5C shows results from seven processes of nitrogen dosage in a nitridation process when the processing gas is supplied towards both the edge region and the central region of the process volume. The total flow rates for the seven processes remain at 400 sccm but the ratio of the flow rate changes. - Results in
FIG. 5C show the degree of gas distribution difference between the central region and the edge region may be adjustable by adjusting the ratio of flow rates for different regions. -
FIGS. 5A-5C demonstrate that a desired gas distribution, for example uniform gas distribution, may be achieved by adjusting ratios of flow rates for injected gases towards different regions and the resulting ratios may be different when the total flow rate changes. Therefore, a desired gas distribution may be achieved by adjusting ratio, total flow rate, or both. - While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (20)
1. A method for processing a substrate, comprising:
positioning a substrate in a process volume within a chamber; and
flowing a processing gas to the process volume through an injection assembly, wherein the flowing a processing gas comprises:
flowing a first portion of the processing gas to a first region of the process volume through a plurality of first injection ports;
flowing a second portion of the processing gas to a second region of the process volume through a plurality of second injection ports; and
adjusting a ratio of the first portion and the second portion to achieve a desired distribution of the processing gas within the process volume.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating a plasma of the processing gas within the process volume.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flowing a processing gas further comprises using a controllable splitter to split the processing gas into the first portion and the second portion.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the injection assembly is disposed above a center of the substrate being processed, the plurality of first injection ports are directed perpendicularly to the substrate near the center, and the plurality of second injection ports are directed parallel to the substrate in a radial manner.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flowing a processing gas further comprises adjusting a total flow of the processing gas to achieve the desired distribution of the processing gas.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first injection ports flow the processing gas in a direction perpendicular to the plurality of second injection ports.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of injection ports of the plurality of first injection ports are directed parallel to one another.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chamber is a plasma chamber.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising performing a nitridation process on the substrate.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising applying RF power to a coil assembly positioned within the chamber while flowing the processing gas through the injection assembly.
11. A method for processing a substrate, comprising:
positioning a substrate in a process volume within a chamber;
flowing a processing gas to the process volume through an injection assembly, wherein the flowing a processing gas comprises:
flowing a first portion of the processing gas to a first region of the process volume through a plurality of first injection ports;
flowing a second portion of the processing gas to a second region of the process volume through a plurality of second injection ports; and
adjusting a ratio of the first portion and second portion to achieve a desired distribution of the processing gas within the process volume; and
applying RF power to a coil assembly positioned within the chamber to ionize the first portion of the processing gas and the second portion of the processing gas.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the injection ports of the plurality of first injection ports are directed parallel to one another.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the flowing a processing gas further comprises using a controllable splitter to split the processing gas into the first portion and the second portion.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the injection assembly is disposed above a center of the substrate being processed, the plurality of first injection ports are directed perpendicularly to the substrate near the center, and the plurality of second injection ports are directed parallel to the substrate in a radial manner.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the flowing a processing gas further comprises adjusting a total flow of the processing gas to achieve the desired distribution of the processing gas.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein each of injection ports of the plurality of first injection ports are directed parallel to one another.
17. A method for performing a plasma nitridation process on a substrate, comprising:
positioning a substrate having a silicon dioxide gate dielectric thereon in a process volume within a chamber; and
flowing nitrogen gas to the process volume through an injection assembly, wherein the flowing a nitrogen gas comprises:
flowing a first portion of the nitrogen gas to a first region of the process volume through a plurality of first injection ports;
flowing a second portion of the nitrogen gas to a second region of the process volume through a plurality of second injection ports; and
adjusting a ratio of the first portion and second portion to achieve a desired distribution of the processing gas within the process volume;
ionizing the first portion of the nitrogen gas and the second portion of the nitrogen gas; and
diffusing the ionized nitrogen gas into the silicon dioxide gate dielectric film.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the flowing a nitrogen gas further comprises adjusting a total flow of the nitrogen gas to achieve the desired distribution of the nitrogen gas.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein each of injection ports of the plurality of first injection ports are directed parallel to one another.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the injection assembly is disposed above a center of the substrate being processed, the plurality of first injection ports are directed perpendicularly to the substrate near the center, and the plurality of second injection ports are directed parallel to the substrate in a radial manner.
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US13/415,753 US20120164845A1 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2012-03-08 | Dual zone gas injection nozzle |
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US11/960,166 US8137463B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2007-12-19 | Dual zone gas injection nozzle |
US13/415,753 US20120164845A1 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2012-03-08 | Dual zone gas injection nozzle |
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US20130319612A1 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Plasma chamber having an upper electrode having controllable valves and a method of using the same |
US9840778B2 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2017-12-12 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Plasma chamber having an upper electrode having controllable valves and a method of using the same |
US10787742B2 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2020-09-29 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Control system for plasma chamber having controllable valve and method of using the same |
US11821089B2 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2023-11-21 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Control system for plasma chamber having controllable valve |
WO2014018336A1 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-01-30 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Multi-zone quartz gas distribution apparatus |
TWI691007B (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2020-04-11 | 美商應用材料股份有限公司 | Gas injector with baffle |
CN111406309A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2020-07-10 | 应用材料公司 | Gas injector with baffle |
US11077410B2 (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2021-08-03 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Gas injector with baffle |
TWI745889B (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2021-11-11 | 美商應用材料股份有限公司 | Gas injector with baffle |
US11529592B2 (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2022-12-20 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Gas injector with baffle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI502093B (en) | 2015-10-01 |
US20090159424A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
TW201319303A (en) | 2013-05-16 |
WO2009085810A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
TWI394861B (en) | 2013-05-01 |
TW200942637A (en) | 2009-10-16 |
US8137463B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 |
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