US20120074181A1 - Hat hanging device - Google Patents

Hat hanging device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20120074181A1
US20120074181A1 US12/924,274 US92427410A US2012074181A1 US 20120074181 A1 US20120074181 A1 US 20120074181A1 US 92427410 A US92427410 A US 92427410A US 2012074181 A1 US2012074181 A1 US 2012074181A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
hat
hanger
retaining
hanger support
central
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/924,274
Inventor
Ryan Douglas Reid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US12/924,274 priority Critical patent/US20120074181A1/en
Publication of US20120074181A1 publication Critical patent/US20120074181A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47FSPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
    • A47F7/00Show stands, hangers, or shelves, adapted for particular articles or materials
    • A47F7/06Show stands, hangers, or shelves, adapted for particular articles or materials for hats or wigs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47GHOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G25/00Household implements used in connection with wearing apparel; Dress, hat or umbrella holders
    • A47G25/10Hat holders; Hat racks

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the field of clothing storage devices and more specifically to a hat hanging device.
  • Baseball type hats or caps are a common form of headwear in the United States and around the world. They are comprised of a head covering cap portion and a bill portion that is used for shading the face and eyes of the wearer. Many persons own more than one baseball type hat or cap. Therefore there is a need for a way to store these caps in an organized, easy to access fashion.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,863,196 discloses a hanger that uses a plurality of clothes pin type clips to hold the bill portion of baseball caps.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,915,930 presents another cap hanger that includes molded in J hooks that retain the cap portion of a baseball type cap.
  • the straight configuration of the hanging apparatus makes it difficult to easily have access to a specific hat as it is nested in with the rest of the hanging hats.
  • the straight configuration of the hanging apparatus makes it difficult to easily have access to a specific hat as it is nested in with the rest of the hanging hats.
  • the straight configuration of the hanging apparatus makes it difficult to easily have access to a specific hat as it is nested in with the rest of the hanging hats.
  • there is very little room to actually move the hats while they are hanging on the hanger assembly it is difficult to view the hats before selecting one to remove and wear.
  • the primary object of the invention is to provide a hat hanging device that accommodates a plurality of baseball type caps.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a hat hanging device that allows for easy access to remove and replace the hats being hung.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a hat hanging device that allows the user to easily see an entire hat and make a hat selection decision before removing it from the hanger.
  • a hat hanging device comprising: a central vertically elongate member, a left and a right hat hanger support member, a plurality of hat retaining assemblies, a hanger bar attachment member, a hanger bar attachment retaining clip, said left hanger support member attached at one end to the left side of said central elongate member, said right hanger support member attached at one end to the right side of said central elongate support member, said right and left hanger support members sloping downward from said central elongate member at approximately a thirty degree angle, said vertical elongate member having an upper hanger bar attachment member retaining slot, said hanger bar attachment member being retained by said attachment retaining clip, said hat retaining assemblies comprised of an upper sphere member, an attached downwardly extending post and an attached downwardly extending spring biased cap bill gripping device, said left and right hanger support members having an inverted U shaped cross section, each said hanger support member having equally spaced apertures
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the invention in use.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a section view of a hat hanging member.
  • FIG. 4 is a section view of hats stored in a manner perpendicular to the vertical access.
  • FIG. 5 is a section view of hats stored in a manner that includes a thirty degree slope.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of an alternate embodiment of the central vertical elongate member.
  • the device includes a rod attaching member 10 that hooks onto a standard closet rod 12 .
  • a central elongate member 52 hangs down from the rod attaching member 10 .
  • a left 51 and right 50 hanging arm also called a hanger support member, extend from the central member 52 .
  • a plurality of extension hanging posts 4 extend down from the hanging arms 50 , 51 .
  • Each post terminates at its upper end in a spherical member 8 and at its lower end in a standard spring biased clip 6 capable or removably retaining the bill of a standard baseball cap 2 .
  • the spherical member 8 allows the post 4 to swivel and rotate in any direction so that the user can turn any of the caps 2 and inspect them easily without removing them from the hanger assembly 100 . Additionally, the extension posts 4 allow the user to pull hats 2 apart from each other during the inspection or removal or replacement of a hat 2 .
  • the left 51 and right 50 hanging arms are sloped at approximately a thirty degree angle allowing for more accessibility to each cap as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a section view of hats stored in a manner that is perpendicular to the central access as indicated by degree arc 70 which is set at ninety degrees.
  • each cap 62 becomes restricted and makes it more difficult to separate hats as they are hanging on the device 100 .
  • a thirty degree slope shown in FIG. 5 as indicated by degree arc 80 allows for much greater space 64 at the bottom portion of each cap allowing much easier access to each cap for inspection or removal even though the distance between cap bills is identical as shown by dimension lines 60 and 62 .
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the invention.
  • Rod attaching member 10 is slid into slot 19 and circular opening 18 .
  • a retainer clip 14 snaps into place in recessed area 32 thereby holding rod attaching member 10 in place.
  • a lower slot and circular cutout area 20 allows a person to install an extension rod assembly 30 .
  • the extension rod assembly 30 has a spherical member 22 fixed to the top of an elongate post 26 .
  • Another spherical member 24 is fixed to the bottom of the post 26 . If a person wishes to attach a second hat hanging device 100 so that it hangs below the first hat hanging device, the person inserts sphere 22 into lower slot 20 and then applies a clip 14 to the recessed portion 34 to retain the post 26 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a section view of the right hanging member 50 as indicated by section line 40 in FIG. 2 .
  • the spherical member 8 of the hanging post 4 is captured within apertures 9 , 11 located in the side walls of inverted U shaped hanging member 50 .
  • This configuration allows the hanging post 4 to rotate and swivel as needed when the user wishes to inspect or remove or replace a hat 2 .
  • Standard spring 7 biased clip 6 is fixed to the bottom of post 4 and works in a standard way. When the user presses in on the side walls 17 , 29 of the clip 6 the gripping jaws 41 , 43 separate to allow the user to insert or remove the bill of a hat 2 .
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternate embodiment of central vertical elongate member 200 where the overall shape of the central member is circular rather than rectangular as shown in the first embodiment 100 .
  • a C shaped clip 214 is used to retain the rod attaching member 210 which is installed in slot 218 .
  • lower extension rod 226 with its top spherical member 222 can be installed in slot 220 and retained with C shaped clip 215 .
  • Lower spherical member 224 can retain the top slot 218 of a second hat hanger 100 to create a second level of hat storage. Additional levels can be made by repeating the above process.
  • Hanging arms 250 slope and operate in a similar way as the original embodiment.

Landscapes

  • Holders For Apparel And Elements Relating To Apparel (AREA)

Abstract

A hat hanging device with a central vertically elongate member, a left and a right hat hanger support member, a plurality of hat retaining assemblies, a hanger bar attachment member and a hanger bar attachment retaining clip. The hanger bar attachment member connects to the central member and is held in place by the retaining clip. The hanger support members are each attached to the right and left side of the central elongate member. The hanger support members slope downward from the central elongate member at approximately a thirty degree angle. The hat retaining assemblies each include a post topped by a spherical member. A hat bill retaining spring clip is attached to the bottom of each post. The spherical members are rotatably retained by apertures located in the side wall of the hanger support members.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • Not Applicable
  • STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
  • Not Applicable
  • DESCRIPTION OF ATTACHED APPENDIX
  • Not Applicable
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention relates generally to the field of clothing storage devices and more specifically to a hat hanging device.
  • Baseball type hats or caps are a common form of headwear in the United States and around the world. They are comprised of a head covering cap portion and a bill portion that is used for shading the face and eyes of the wearer. Many persons own more than one baseball type hat or cap. Therefore there is a need for a way to store these caps in an organized, easy to access fashion.
  • Several prior patents have been issued for hat hanging devices. U.S. Pat. No. 6,863,196 discloses a hanger that uses a plurality of clothes pin type clips to hold the bill portion of baseball caps.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,915,930 presents another cap hanger that includes molded in J hooks that retain the cap portion of a baseball type cap.
  • However, there are deficiencies in the prior technology. Firstly, the straight configuration of the hanging apparatus makes it difficult to easily have access to a specific hat as it is nested in with the rest of the hanging hats. Secondly, because there is very little room to actually move the hats while they are hanging on the hanger assembly, it is difficult to view the hats before selecting one to remove and wear.
  • BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The primary object of the invention is to provide a hat hanging device that accommodates a plurality of baseball type caps.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a hat hanging device that allows for easy access to remove and replace the hats being hung.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a hat hanging device that allows the user to easily see an entire hat and make a hat selection decision before removing it from the hanger.
  • Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following descriptions, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein, by way of illustration and example, an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed.
  • In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is disclosed a hat hanging device comprising: a central vertically elongate member, a left and a right hat hanger support member, a plurality of hat retaining assemblies, a hanger bar attachment member, a hanger bar attachment retaining clip, said left hanger support member attached at one end to the left side of said central elongate member, said right hanger support member attached at one end to the right side of said central elongate support member, said right and left hanger support members sloping downward from said central elongate member at approximately a thirty degree angle, said vertical elongate member having an upper hanger bar attachment member retaining slot, said hanger bar attachment member being retained by said attachment retaining clip, said hat retaining assemblies comprised of an upper sphere member, an attached downwardly extending post and an attached downwardly extending spring biased cap bill gripping device, said left and right hanger support members having an inverted U shaped cross section, each said hanger support member having equally spaced apertures located on the side walls of said Inverted U shaped cross section, and said sphere member of each said hat retaining assembly rotatably retained between opposing said apertures of said hanger support members.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments to the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. It is to be understood that in some instances various aspects of the invention may be shown exaggerated or enlarged to facilitate an understanding of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the invention in use.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a section view of a hat hanging member.
  • FIG. 4 is a section view of hats stored in a manner perpendicular to the vertical access.
  • FIG. 5 is a section view of hats stored in a manner that includes a thirty degree slope.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of an alternate embodiment of the central vertical elongate member.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • Detailed descriptions of the preferred embodiment are provided herein. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but rather as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed system, structure or manner.
  • Referring now to FIG. 1 we see a perspective view of the hat hanging device of the present invention 100. The device includes a rod attaching member 10 that hooks onto a standard closet rod 12. A central elongate member 52 hangs down from the rod attaching member 10. A left 51 and right 50 hanging arm also called a hanger support member, extend from the central member 52. A plurality of extension hanging posts 4 extend down from the hanging arms 50, 51. Each post terminates at its upper end in a spherical member 8 and at its lower end in a standard spring biased clip 6 capable or removably retaining the bill of a standard baseball cap 2. The spherical member 8 allows the post 4 to swivel and rotate in any direction so that the user can turn any of the caps 2 and inspect them easily without removing them from the hanger assembly 100. Additionally, the extension posts 4 allow the user to pull hats 2 apart from each other during the inspection or removal or replacement of a hat 2. The left 51 and right 50 hanging arms are sloped at approximately a thirty degree angle allowing for more accessibility to each cap as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 4 shows a section view of hats stored in a manner that is perpendicular to the central access as indicated by degree arc 70 which is set at ninety degrees. The space between the bottom of each cap 62 becomes restricted and makes it more difficult to separate hats as they are hanging on the device 100. A thirty degree slope shown in FIG. 5 as indicated by degree arc 80 allows for much greater space 64 at the bottom portion of each cap allowing much easier access to each cap for inspection or removal even though the distance between cap bills is identical as shown by dimension lines 60 and 62.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the invention. Rod attaching member 10 is slid into slot 19 and circular opening 18. A retainer clip 14 snaps into place in recessed area 32 thereby holding rod attaching member 10 in place. A lower slot and circular cutout area 20 allows a person to install an extension rod assembly 30. The extension rod assembly 30 has a spherical member 22 fixed to the top of an elongate post 26. Another spherical member 24 is fixed to the bottom of the post 26. If a person wishes to attach a second hat hanging device 100 so that it hangs below the first hat hanging device, the person inserts sphere 22 into lower slot 20 and then applies a clip 14 to the recessed portion 34 to retain the post 26. Then the user inserts sphere 24 into the upper slot 18, 19 of the second hat hanging device 100 and locks it in place with clip 14 thereby creating the means to hang a second tier of hats. A third or fourth tier can be hung in a similar way.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section view of the right hanging member 50 as indicated by section line 40 in FIG. 2. The spherical member 8 of the hanging post 4 is captured within apertures 9, 11 located in the side walls of inverted U shaped hanging member 50. This configuration allows the hanging post 4 to rotate and swivel as needed when the user wishes to inspect or remove or replace a hat 2. Standard spring 7 biased clip 6 is fixed to the bottom of post 4 and works in a standard way. When the user presses in on the side walls 17, 29 of the clip 6 the gripping jaws 41, 43 separate to allow the user to insert or remove the bill of a hat 2.
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternate embodiment of central vertical elongate member 200 where the overall shape of the central member is circular rather than rectangular as shown in the first embodiment 100. In this configuration a C shaped clip 214 is used to retain the rod attaching member 210 which is installed in slot 218. Likewise, lower extension rod 226 with its top spherical member 222 can be installed in slot 220 and retained with C shaped clip 215. Lower spherical member 224 can retain the top slot 218 of a second hat hanger 100 to create a second level of hat storage. Additional levels can be made by repeating the above process. Hanging arms 250 slope and operate in a similar way as the original embodiment.
  • While the invention has been described in connection with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular form set forth, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. hat hanging device comprising:
a central vertically elongate member;
a left and a right hat hanger support member;
a plurality of hat retaining assemblies;
a hanger bar attachment member;
a hanger bar attachment retaining clip;
said left hanger support member attached at one end to the left side of said central elongate member;
said right hanger support member attached at one end to the right side of said central elongate support member;
said right and left hanger support members sloping downward from said central elongate member at approximately a thirty degree angle;
said vertical elongate member having an upper hanger bar attachment member retaining slot;
said hanger bar attachment member being retained by said attachment retaining clip;
said hat retaining assemblies comprised of an upper sphere member, an attached downwardly extending post and an attached downwardly extending spring biased cap bill gripping device;
said left and right hanger support members having an inverted U shaped cross section;
each said hanger support member having equally spaced apertures located on the side walls of said Inverted U shaped cross section; and
said sphere member of each said hat retaining assembly rotatably retained between opposing said apertures of said hanger support members.
2. Hat hanging device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a second attachment slot located at the lower portion of said central elongate member;
said second attachment slot capable of removably retaining a downwardly disposed extension rod assembly;
said extension rod assembly comprised of an elongate post and a spherical member attached to each end of said post;
said upper spherical member capable of attaching to said lower attachment slot of said central elongate member;
said lower spherical member capable of attaching to said upper slot of a second said hat hanging device.
US12/924,274 2010-09-24 2010-09-24 Hat hanging device Abandoned US20120074181A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/924,274 US20120074181A1 (en) 2010-09-24 2010-09-24 Hat hanging device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/924,274 US20120074181A1 (en) 2010-09-24 2010-09-24 Hat hanging device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20120074181A1 true US20120074181A1 (en) 2012-03-29

Family

ID=45869640

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/924,274 Abandoned US20120074181A1 (en) 2010-09-24 2010-09-24 Hat hanging device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US20120074181A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120228342A1 (en) * 2011-03-12 2012-09-13 Jeanette Lynn Lewis Multi-purpose hanger
US20120321377A1 (en) * 2011-06-14 2012-12-20 Fang Hung-Wei Stretchable and bendable assembly device
US11192694B1 (en) * 2020-08-27 2021-12-07 Albert V. Dautorio Bag storage assembly

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1815673A (en) * 1930-05-23 1931-07-21 Milton W Kelley Drying rack
US4168791A (en) * 1978-03-24 1979-09-25 Tantera, Inc. Folding hanger
US4260063A (en) * 1977-05-31 1981-04-07 B.C.M.S. Engineering & Exhibitions Ltd. Apparatus for hanging an article
US4632285A (en) * 1985-02-22 1986-12-30 Dillingham Richard F Convertible necktie and belt hanger apparatus
US4730737A (en) * 1986-06-20 1988-03-15 Edward Robinson Portable clothes hanger rack
US4778088A (en) * 1987-06-15 1988-10-18 Anne Miller Garment carrier
US5975384A (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-11-02 Manabat; Gregorio S. Clothes hanger with variable side attachments
US6161703A (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-12-19 Mihok; Thomas Apparatus and method for storing and displaying hats
US20030136805A1 (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-07-24 Shwartz Kenneth A. Systems for displaying accessories on a garment hanger
US6863196B1 (en) * 2002-10-25 2005-03-08 David W. Carter Apparatus for hanging hats
US6915930B2 (en) * 2002-10-29 2005-07-12 Jerry J. Dixon Cap hanger
US7040517B1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-09 Swanson Stanly T Hat hanger
US20090206114A1 (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-20 Paul Victor Scicluna Hanger
US7837074B2 (en) * 2007-04-17 2010-11-23 Rude Richard R Garment hanger with a collapsible/retractable support hook

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1815673A (en) * 1930-05-23 1931-07-21 Milton W Kelley Drying rack
US4260063A (en) * 1977-05-31 1981-04-07 B.C.M.S. Engineering & Exhibitions Ltd. Apparatus for hanging an article
US4168791A (en) * 1978-03-24 1979-09-25 Tantera, Inc. Folding hanger
US4632285A (en) * 1985-02-22 1986-12-30 Dillingham Richard F Convertible necktie and belt hanger apparatus
US4730737A (en) * 1986-06-20 1988-03-15 Edward Robinson Portable clothes hanger rack
US4778088A (en) * 1987-06-15 1988-10-18 Anne Miller Garment carrier
US5975384A (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-11-02 Manabat; Gregorio S. Clothes hanger with variable side attachments
US6161703A (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-12-19 Mihok; Thomas Apparatus and method for storing and displaying hats
US20030136805A1 (en) * 2002-01-23 2003-07-24 Shwartz Kenneth A. Systems for displaying accessories on a garment hanger
US6863196B1 (en) * 2002-10-25 2005-03-08 David W. Carter Apparatus for hanging hats
US6915930B2 (en) * 2002-10-29 2005-07-12 Jerry J. Dixon Cap hanger
US7040517B1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-09 Swanson Stanly T Hat hanger
US7837074B2 (en) * 2007-04-17 2010-11-23 Rude Richard R Garment hanger with a collapsible/retractable support hook
US20090206114A1 (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-20 Paul Victor Scicluna Hanger

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120228342A1 (en) * 2011-03-12 2012-09-13 Jeanette Lynn Lewis Multi-purpose hanger
US8777069B2 (en) * 2011-03-12 2014-07-15 Hang A Bunch LLC Multi-purpose hanger
US9380903B2 (en) 2011-03-12 2016-07-05 Hang A Bunch, Llc Multi-purpose hanger
US20120321377A1 (en) * 2011-06-14 2012-12-20 Fang Hung-Wei Stretchable and bendable assembly device
US11192694B1 (en) * 2020-08-27 2021-12-07 Albert V. Dautorio Bag storage assembly

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7097051B2 (en) Hanger rod for drying cabinet
US20120074181A1 (en) Hat hanging device
WO2006049975A1 (en) Hat hanger
US20100243829A1 (en) Hair accessory holder and organizer
US20100051654A1 (en) Hanky-tanky, multiple garment hanger
CA2121866C (en) Ball cap storage rack
US4428486A (en) Self-balancing belt caddy
US20080308511A1 (en) Bra organizer and protector
CN210916698U (en) Antitheft window sock airing rack
JP3116571U (en) Fall-off prevention hanger
JP5930851B2 (en) Hanging device
KR200410279Y1 (en) direction control type hanger
US5454539A (en) Plate holder device
CN205205496U (en) Clothes -horse is personally experienced sth. part of body and is possessed this clothes -horse clothes and luggage that dries in air physically and puts
JP3057018U (en) Clothes hanger rack
CN210204347U (en) Space-saving hanging rack for dormitory
CN213427892U (en) Sea rod fishing group storage box
CN2904861Y (en) Jewelry hanger
KR101468171B1 (en) Wall hanger
JP2016073610A (en) Spiral hanger rack
CN209122039U (en) Hanging part bracket
JP2010214103A (en) Horizontal fixing laundry hanger
JP2012045171A (en) Pole receiving tool
JP3112457U (en) Laundry clothes hanger with easy-to-fold hanger bar
KR20110059361A (en) Opening and closing type of multifunctional hanger

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE