US20120060703A1 - Band clamp tensioning tool - Google Patents
Band clamp tensioning tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120060703A1 US20120060703A1 US13/232,806 US201113232806A US2012060703A1 US 20120060703 A1 US20120060703 A1 US 20120060703A1 US 201113232806 A US201113232806 A US 201113232806A US 2012060703 A1 US2012060703 A1 US 2012060703A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- band
- tool
- mandrel
- gear box
- shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B25/00—Implements for fastening, connecting or tensioning of wire or strip
- B25B25/005—Implements for fastening, connecting or tensioning of wire or strip for applying wire clasps to hose couplings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B25/00—Implements for fastening, connecting or tensioning of wire or strip
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
- F16L3/22—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets specially adapted for supporting a number of parallel pipes at intervals
- F16L3/23—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets specially adapted for supporting a number of parallel pipes at intervals for a bundle of pipes or a plurality of pipes placed side by side in contact with each other
- F16L3/233—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets specially adapted for supporting a number of parallel pipes at intervals for a bundle of pipes or a plurality of pipes placed side by side in contact with each other by means of a flexible band
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to band clamps used to secure protective shielding onto tubes, pipes, or other structures (hereinafter “tubes”) used in high temperature and harsh environments.
- the band clamps employ a protective guard that helps maintain the integrity of the band clamp.
- the band clamps described herein may be secured about the shield using an easy to use hand-held tensioning tool.
- Fuel burning power plants employ steam generating boilers that remove heat from exhaust generated by the combustion of coal, oil, gas, or other fuel.
- the heat obtained from the exhaust is used to produce steam by transferring heat from hot, fast-moving exhaust gases to water or other heat transfer fluid flowing in a series of horizontally or vertically oriented tubes that are positioned in the path of the exhaust.
- Such exhaust contains heated gas and significant particulate in the form of carbon, acidic materials, caustic materials, etc. that contact the tubes at high speed. Further, over time, the tubes often become coated or caked with soot, an insulator, which adversely affects heat transfer and boiler performance.
- the soot is removed by soot blowers that employ a series of nozzles that direct high speed steam at the tubes to remove the soot.
- the tubes are protected by a contoured shield that covers the outer surface of the tube.
- the shield covers and protects approximately one-half of the surface of the tube, namely the surface of the tube that is in the direct path of the particulate generated by the furnace.
- Shields commonly protect an area defined by the length of the tube and about 120 to 220 degrees about the tube's outer surface.
- a plurality of shields are abutted or interlocked to protect longer tube spans.
- shields are configured such that their inner surface snuggly and fully engages the outer surface of the tube.
- the tubes are held in place by support members including straps, hose clamps, metal bands, or by other methods known in the art, which may be welded or otherwise interconnected to the shield. In some applications the shield is welded directly to the tube. Because the support members are also exposed to high temperatures and the same abrasive conditions as the tubes, it is desirable to protect support members from particulate impingement and increased heat which, over time, may lead to failure and cause the shield to separate from the tube thereby exposing the tube to the abrasive conditions.
- Band clamps are generally comprised of a band having a free end and an opposing end having a buckle, or other member, for receiving the free end.
- the band is wrapped about the tube and associated shield and the free end is placed within a buckle.
- a powered or hand-operated tool is used to tension the band about the shield.
- the buckle and band are interconnected or interlocked, and excess band length extending from the buckle is severed from the band at a point adjacent to the buckle.
- the buckle is typically positioned behind the shielded tube away from the abrasive flow.
- the interconnection between the band and the buckle is a prime yielding spot, and as such, it is desirable to place the interlocking portion of the band clamp in a location where it will be exposed to less heat and debris.
- an operator or installer is instructed to position the buckle on the downstream side of the tube out of the direct path of particulate.
- the size of the tubes and spacing between tubes often render it very difficult for an operator to properly locate the tensioning tool behind or on the downstream side of the shielded tube.
- the cutting operation performed by existing tools is not very precise and the sharp severed portion of the band often injures installers as they try to tension nearby bands or work in the vicinity of these bands.
- Band clamps of embodiments of the present invention include a free end and an opposing end, which includes a buckle for receiving and securing the band.
- the band is wrapped at least once around a shield and tube and the free end is placed within the buckle. Transitioning and locking the band securely engages the shield in contacting relation to the tube so that efficient heat transfer can occur across the thickness of the shield and the tube.
- the band clamp used in one embodiment of the present invention will provide a retained force of about 400-900 lbs. with a looped tensile force of about 1,750 lbs.
- the protective guard used by some embodiments protects the band clamp from hot, high-speed, particulate-laden exhaust gasses.
- the guard may be made of a material that is capable of withstanding temperatures up to about 880° F. and which is similar to that of the band clamp so that efficient heat transfer to the tube and inner coolant will occur across the thickness of the guard and the band.
- the guard is made of 310 stainless steel, carbon steel, inconel, or other similar material and is about 0.090 inches thick. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the material of manufacture, thickness, width, material properties, etc. of the guard may vary as a function of shield and band clamp size, material, etc.
- the guard is made of a material that is easy to conform to the outer shape of the shield, i.e., bend into a curved shape, to facilitate engagement with a curved band clamp that is to be positioned about a shielded tube.
- the guards may be pre-bent or otherwise formed.
- the guard of some embodiments is adhered, bonded, or welded to, or otherwise interconnected to the band clamp.
- the guard possesses openings that receive the free end of the band to facilitate interconnection of the band clamp and shield, which will be apparent upon review of the figures discussed below. In this way, it is ensured that the guard is correctly associated with the band clamps. It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a guard that is easy to install as band clamps are sometimes used in hard-to-access places.
- the guard be able to accommodate band clamps of various types and/or sizes. More specifically, as the tubes used in heat recovery steam generators vary in size, so must the band clamps that secure the shields to the tubes. Accordingly, in another embodiment of this invention, the width of the guard is large enough that a variety of band clamps of different widths may be used and not exposed to abrasive material in the flow stream.
- a commonly used tool employs a cutting member having an opening for receipt of the free end of the band. The opening is further defined by upper and lower cutting members that selectively move together to sever the band. After passing through the opening, the free end of the band is associated with a winding mandrel and tensioned. After a predetermined tension is reached, the cutting mechanism is used to sever and bend the band at a point adjacent to the buckle.
- an automated tensioning tool employs a powered winding mandrel.
- the tool is battery powered, but one of skill in the art will appreciate that the tool may receive the required power by way of a cord or be hydraulically driven.
- the power source associated with the tool of one embodiment is a replaceable battery that allows for the installation of about 60 to 70 band clamps.
- the mandrel is interconnected to a rotary shaft by way of a gearing system that ensures that the proper tension will be applied to the band.
- the cutting mechanism of embodiments of the present invention extends laterally from the longitudinal axis of the mandrel as opposed to coaxial therewith.
- Initiation of mandrel winding is accomplished by depression of a button located on or near the hand grip.
- a button located on or near the hand grip.
- an easy-to-access cutter mechanism is used to sever the free end of the band.
- the predetermined amount of tension may be controlled by a clutch that will slip, thereby preventing further tensioning, when a preset tension level is reached.
- the cutter mechanism of some embodiments has the advantage of decreasing the amount of severed band extending from the buckle and thereby reducing exposure to the cut edge.
- the gear box of embodiments of the present invention produces the required increase in torque.
- It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a band tensioning and cutting tool comprising: a power source for providing rotational movement to a shaft; a gear box mechanically associated with the shaft; a rotating mandrel associated with the gear box wherein rotation of the shaft will rotate the mandrel, the mandrel adapted to receive a band and tension the same, the gear box having a means for preventing over tensioning the band; and a cutting mechanism positioned adjacent to the mandrel, the cutting mechanism also adapted to receive a portion of the band.
- a band tensioning and cutting tool comprising: a drill having a rotating shaft; a gear box interconnected to the drill with an adapter, the gear box operatively associated with a winding mandrel such that rotation of the shaft rotates the mandrel, and a clutch that prevents over tensioning the band; and a cutting mechanism positioned adjacent to the mandrel, the cutting mechanism also adapted to receive a portion of the band.
- an Ultra-Lok® band clamp which is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,014,792 (which is incorporated by reference herein), or similar band clamp is used to secure the shield to the tube.
- the contemplated tool tensions the band to such a degree that even if the retained force decreases over time as a result of repeated heat cycles, the shield will remain securely engaged onto the tube.
- the guarded band clamp of one embodiment will function for about 5 to 8 years.
- the band tension provided by the band will overcome bent or deformed shields and force the shield to conform to the exterior shape of the shield and the tube. Such functionality ensures that the shield is in contact with the tube, thereby increasing heat transfer.
- a ratcheting mechanism employs a toothed wheel that is rotatable in only one direction. Rotation in an opposite direction is prevented by interaction between the toothed wheel with a movable pawl.
- the tool and associated gear box of embodiments of the present invention do not have such limitation because tensioning increments are very small or non-existent and are provided by a one way clutch bearing.
- the system of one embodiment includes a band clamp, an associated guard, and a tool for tensioning the guarded band clamp about a shielded tube of a boiler.
- the system of one embodiment of the present invention works with about 1 to 4 inch diameter tubes that are about 0.1 to 0.3 in. (about 3, 5, and 7 mm) thick that protect 180 degrees of the tube.
- a combination band clamp and guard comprising: a band clamp comprised of a band having a buckle associated with one end and a free end; a guard having a first end and a second end, the first end of the guard located adjacent to the buckle and the second end spaced from the first end wherein the guard contacts at least a portion of the band.
- It is still yet another aspect of the present invention to provide a method of shielding a tube comprising: providing a shield about at least a portion of the tube; providing a band clamp having a first free end and a second end having a buckle; providing a clamp guard interconnected to the band clamp; placing the band clamp and guard about the shield; placing the free end of the band into the buckle; and pulling the free end of the band relative to the buckle to tensioned band about the shield.
- FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view showing a shield interconnected to a tube with a guarded band clamp
- FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a guard incorporated on a band clamp
- FIG. 4 is a front elevation view of a guarded band positioned about a shielded tube
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the guard of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a front elevation view of FIG. 5 ;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic of an automated band tensioning tool of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an automated band tensioning tool of one embodiment of the present invention that employs a drill
- FIG. 9 is a front elevation view of FIG. 8 ;
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing portions of a plurality of shielded tubes as may be oriented in the exhaust path of a boiler with a tool of one embodiment positioned between adjacent tubes;
- FIG. 11 is a top plan view of FIG. 10 ;
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional of a gear box used in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 8 ;
- FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 12 .
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a tube 2 associated with a boiler.
- boiler tubes 2 may be oriented in a variety of positions, including vertical, horizontal, and in-between.
- the tubes 2 are protected by shields 6 that are interconnected thereto by a plurality of band clamps 10 positioned at spaced intervals.
- a buckle 14 and severed end 18 of the band clamps 10 are positioned downstream relative to the oncoming flow 22 of hot gases traveling through boiler.
- the tubes 2 are spaced approximately 1.3 inches by 8 inches apart and thus interconnecting the band clamps 10 in the preferred matter is difficult.
- a free end 64 of the band clamp 18 is placed in the buckle 14 and the band 42 is tensioned using a tool. After tensioning, the excess band is severed from the band and the guard 26 remains in place to protect the band clamp 10 .
- FIGS. 3-7 show a band clamp 10 associated with a guard 26 of one embodiment of the present invention that has a first end 30 and a second end 34 .
- the band clamp 10 shown may be any type of band clamp comprising a band with interconnected buckle, or other means for interconnecting, known in the art.
- Slots 38 are positioned adjacent to each end that are adapted to receive a band 42 of the band clamp 10 . Further, the slots 38 may be located in a jog 44 or transition area of the guard 26 .
- the band 42 of the band clamp 10 is received within the slots 38 and positioned such that an outer surface 48 of the band 42 is abutted against the inner surface 52 of the guard 26 .
- the first end of the guard 30 is positioned adjacent to the buckle 14 of the band clamp 10 , which helps maintain the guard 26 in place as the band clamp 10 is tensioned. Further, the guard is spot welded 56 or otherwise secured to the band, which ensures that the position of the guard relative to the buckle 14 is maintained during tensioning.
- the guard 26 of one embodiment is curved to generally match the contour of the shield.
- the guard 26 is resiliently deflected outwardly and engaged onto the shield 6 .
- the jogs 44 are designed to coincide with and engage the edges 60 of the shield 6 , which maintains the position of the guard 26 on the shield 6 . Further, as the weld 56 maintains the position of the buckle 14 , relative to the shield, engagement of the jog 44 onto the edge 60 of the shield will locate the buckle 14 on the downstream side of the pipe and generally out of the flow stream.
- FIG. 4 also shows that the band 42 of one embodiment has bent ends 64 and 68 that assist threading the band within the buckle 14 and tightening by hand before using a tool to perform the final tightening and complete the installation. More specifically, the bent end 64 allows the free end tip to pass thru the buckle 14 and not become obstructed by the jog 44 . Further, the bent end 68 near the buckle 14 , which is bent in an opposite direction from the free end 64 , allows the band 42 to be pulled without digging into end 68 , which reduces friction during installation.
- an automated tensioning tool 100 of one embodiment of the present invention uses a rotary tensioning device, such as a drill 102 to rotate a winding mandrel 106 .
- the rotary tensioning device 102 is associated with a tool head 110 and winding mandrel 106 via a clutch 114 , gear box 118 , and bearing 122 .
- a conventional battery powered hand drill 102 is utilized.
- the drill 102 is interconnected to a gear box 118 via an adapter 126 .
- the gear box 118 is interconnected to the drill 102 with the adapter 126 supporting the weight of the gear box 118 .
- the gear box 118 is also associated with a head 110 that includes the winding mandrel 106 .
- a portion of the wrapped band is placed through a front slot 130 or side slot 134 of a cutting mechanism 138 and then positioned within a slot 142 of the winding mandrel 106 .
- Actuation of a button or other switch directs the drill 102 to begin winding the band around the mandrel 106 .
- the a clutch associated with the gear box 118 ensures that the winding torque provided to the mandrel 106 does not over tighten or under tighten the band clamp.
- an adjustable torque- limiting clutch associated with the gear box 118 slips and prevents over tensioning of the band.
- the slipping clutch may make a noise to notify the operator that the proper amount of tension has been reached.
- a cutter arm 150 is rotated to cause a blade 154 to sever the excess portion of the band.
- the cutting mechanism may be automatic wherein after a predetermined tension is reached, the band is automatically severed. Alternatively, after tensioning is complete, the operator may actuate a button, for example, to cause the cutting mechanism to sever the band.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 are a representation of vertically-oriented tubes 2 of a boiler 160 .
- the tubes 2 may be positioned in most any orientation.
- the tubes 2 are protected by shields 6 that are interconnected thereto by a plurality of spaced band clamps 10 .
- the buckle 14 and severed end 18 of the band clamps 10 are positioned downstream relative to the oncoming flow 22 of hot gases and particulate traveling through the boiler 160 .
- the tubes 2 are spaced approximately 1.3 inches apart and thus interconnecting the band clamps 10 in the preferred manner is difficult.
- the gear box 118 of one embodiment of the present invention has an input shaft 170 that is associated with the drill.
- the input shaft 170 is also associated with a planetary gear system 174 that provides the proper torsion to the winding mandrel.
- the planetary gear system 174 is designed for high tension workloads wherein over 100 times the amount of torque that is input into the gear box 118 by the drill may be delivered to the mandrel 106 .
- the tool is able to provide about 1200 to 1500 lbs. of tension.
- the tool of one embodiment of the invention uses a gear box commonly used in vehicle winches manufactured by Warn Industries.
- the tool may employ a tension clutch bearing and a holding clutch bearing that holds the mandrel in place and prevents it from recoiling.
- embodiments of the present invention is adapted to tension an about 3 mm thick by about 1.75 inch diameter half-moon mild steel shield to a tube.
- embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein are battery operated and thus do not have cords or pneumatic air lines. Some embodiments of the present invention provide a maximum clamping force of about 690 lbs. It will also be apparent from the review of the figures that the band can be loaded into the tool by either threading it into the cutting mechanism 138 directly into the front slot 130 or side loaded through the side slot 134 , which allows the tool to fit in the limited space available.
- the mandrel 106 can accept the band regardless of tool grip 178 orientation.
- the mandrel 106 of some embodiments employs at least two slots 142 for receiving the band.
- the grip 178 can be positioned at three-o'clock or nine o'clock and the mandrel 106 can be selectively rotated to properly align a slot 142 to receive the band.
- the band can be inserted sideways into the aligned slots 142 , or the free end of the band can be threaded directly through cutting mechanism into the mandrel 106 . Having the option of side to or direct loading allows operation in tight spaces. End loading also allows the band to be received at any point along the length of the band.
- tools of embodiments of the present invention employ a removable cut off handle 150 wherein different cut off handles can be used depending on the work space.
- the buckle of the band clamp is locked into place by the tool which prevents the buckle from slipping out of the blade during forming and band cutoff.
- the cutting mechanism 138 is equipped with a feature that catches the buckle and will not allow the buckle to move away from the cutting mechanism during cutoff. The cutting mechanism pushes down on the buckle which forces the band down against the blade and a shear plate to sever the band. As the band is severed, the band also stretches which allows room for the buckle to move away from the blade and shear plate. The buckle catch on the cutting mechanism will not allow the buckle to move away from the blade and shear plate which improves cut-off. That is, the blade maintains proper alignment between the cutting planes of the blade and the buckle to perform cuts under no tension as a one-way bearing in the gear box will maintain band tension when winding is ceased.
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Abstract
A system for protecting tubes in a heat recovery system is provided. Such tubes are often protected by shielding that is attached thereto the tubes by a plurality of band clamps. Each band clamp is associated with a guard that protects the same from the hot gases traveling through the field of tubes. In addition, an automated tool is provided for tensioning the bands about the shields. The automated tool allows the band clamps to be properly interconnected to the shields in a preferred manner.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/382,830, filed Sep. 14, 2010, entitled “Band Tensioning Tool,” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/382,833, filed Sep. 14, 2010, entitled “Band Clamp Guard,” the entire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.
- Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to band clamps used to secure protective shielding onto tubes, pipes, or other structures (hereinafter “tubes”) used in high temperature and harsh environments. The band clamps employ a protective guard that helps maintain the integrity of the band clamp. The band clamps described herein may be secured about the shield using an easy to use hand-held tensioning tool.
- Fuel burning power plants employ steam generating boilers that remove heat from exhaust generated by the combustion of coal, oil, gas, or other fuel. The heat obtained from the exhaust is used to produce steam by transferring heat from hot, fast-moving exhaust gases to water or other heat transfer fluid flowing in a series of horizontally or vertically oriented tubes that are positioned in the path of the exhaust. Such exhaust contains heated gas and significant particulate in the form of carbon, acidic materials, caustic materials, etc. that contact the tubes at high speed. Further, over time, the tubes often become coated or caked with soot, an insulator, which adversely affects heat transfer and boiler performance. The soot is removed by soot blowers that employ a series of nozzles that direct high speed steam at the tubes to remove the soot. Continued exposure to the particulate and hot gases generated by the coal burning process and the soot removal process will erode and weaken the tubes and eventually cause the tubes to leak or burst. After a number of tubes deteriorate to such a degree which is evidenced by an unacceptable coolant pressure drop. When this occurs, the furnace must be shut down and the boiler must be removed from service so that costly and time consuming repairs may be performed on the network of tubes in the system.
- To address the erosion issue, the tubes are protected by a contoured shield that covers the outer surface of the tube. In most instances, the shield covers and protects approximately one-half of the surface of the tube, namely the surface of the tube that is in the direct path of the particulate generated by the furnace. Shields commonly protect an area defined by the length of the tube and about 120 to 220 degrees about the tube's outer surface. In some instances, a plurality of shields are abutted or interlocked to protect longer tube spans. To maximize heat transfer in the presence of a shield, shields are configured such that their inner surface snuggly and fully engages the outer surface of the tube. The tubes are held in place by support members including straps, hose clamps, metal bands, or by other methods known in the art, which may be welded or otherwise interconnected to the shield. In some applications the shield is welded directly to the tube. Because the support members are also exposed to high temperatures and the same abrasive conditions as the tubes, it is desirable to protect support members from particulate impingement and increased heat which, over time, may lead to failure and cause the shield to separate from the tube thereby exposing the tube to the abrasive conditions.
- Band clamps are generally comprised of a band having a free end and an opposing end having a buckle, or other member, for receiving the free end. In operation, the band is wrapped about the tube and associated shield and the free end is placed within a buckle. A powered or hand-operated tool is used to tension the band about the shield. After a predetermined tension has been achieved, the buckle and band are interconnected or interlocked, and excess band length extending from the buckle is severed from the band at a point adjacent to the buckle. The buckle is typically positioned behind the shielded tube away from the abrasive flow. That is, the interconnection between the band and the buckle is a prime yielding spot, and as such, it is desirable to place the interlocking portion of the band clamp in a location where it will be exposed to less heat and debris. Thus, an operator or installer is instructed to position the buckle on the downstream side of the tube out of the direct path of particulate. Unfortunately, the size of the tubes and spacing between tubes often render it very difficult for an operator to properly locate the tensioning tool behind or on the downstream side of the shielded tube. Furthermore, the cutting operation performed by existing tools is not very precise and the sharp severed portion of the band often injures installers as they try to tension nearby bands or work in the vicinity of these bands.
- Thus, it has been a long-felt need to provide a system for securing a shield onto a tube that is capable of withstanding harsh environments and that is easy to install. It has also been a long felt need to provide a system that cuts a band in a manner that reduces exposure to sharp edges of a cut band. The following disclosure is generally directed to a guard that protects a band clamp to which it is interconnected and to a tool that facilitates proper interconnection of the band clamp to the tube.
- It is one aspect of the present invention to provide a band clamp that employs a protective guard. Band clamps of embodiments of the present invention include a free end and an opposing end, which includes a buckle for receiving and securing the band. To secure the band clamp about a shield and tube, the band is wrapped at least once around a shield and tube and the free end is placed within the buckle. Transitioning and locking the band securely engages the shield in contacting relation to the tube so that efficient heat transfer can occur across the thickness of the shield and the tube. The band clamp used in one embodiment of the present invention will provide a retained force of about 400-900 lbs. with a looped tensile force of about 1,750 lbs.
- The protective guard used by some embodiments protects the band clamp from hot, high-speed, particulate-laden exhaust gasses. The guard may be made of a material that is capable of withstanding temperatures up to about 880° F. and which is similar to that of the band clamp so that efficient heat transfer to the tube and inner coolant will occur across the thickness of the guard and the band. In one embodiment the guard is made of 310 stainless steel, carbon steel, inconel, or other similar material and is about 0.090 inches thick. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the material of manufacture, thickness, width, material properties, etc. of the guard may vary as a function of shield and band clamp size, material, etc. Further, in some embodiments, the guard is made of a material that is easy to conform to the outer shape of the shield, i.e., bend into a curved shape, to facilitate engagement with a curved band clamp that is to be positioned about a shielded tube. The guards may be pre-bent or otherwise formed. The guard of some embodiments is adhered, bonded, or welded to, or otherwise interconnected to the band clamp. In one embodiment, the guard possesses openings that receive the free end of the band to facilitate interconnection of the band clamp and shield, which will be apparent upon review of the figures discussed below. In this way, it is ensured that the guard is correctly associated with the band clamps. It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a guard that is easy to install as band clamps are sometimes used in hard-to-access places.
- It is a related aspect of the present invention that the guard be able to accommodate band clamps of various types and/or sizes. More specifically, as the tubes used in heat recovery steam generators vary in size, so must the band clamps that secure the shields to the tubes. Accordingly, in another embodiment of this invention, the width of the guard is large enough that a variety of band clamps of different widths may be used and not exposed to abrasive material in the flow stream.
- It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a compact and light-weight tool that facilitates interconnection of the band about a shielded tube. A commonly used tool employs a cutting member having an opening for receipt of the free end of the band. The opening is further defined by upper and lower cutting members that selectively move together to sever the band. After passing through the opening, the free end of the band is associated with a winding mandrel and tensioned. After a predetermined tension is reached, the cutting mechanism is used to sever and bend the band at a point adjacent to the buckle.
- As briefly mentioned above, it is often difficult to access a buckle located behind a shielded tube with hand-held tools currently used. More specifically, because spacing between adjacent tubes and surrounding structure is often small, it is difficult to position and use traditional tools to tension the band clamp about a shielded tube with the buckle located on the downstream side of the tube. As a result, band clamps are often fastened to the shielded tubing in an incorrect orientation, exposing the buckle and the band to the abrasive environment, which accelerates band clamp deterioration and which may also locate the severed portion of the band in such a way that will increase the risk of injury. In addition, a lack of clearance or proper access to the buckle and free end of the band may also affect the application of the proper amount of band tension when a manually- actuated hand-held tool is used. To address these issues, an automated tool is provided.
- More specifically, an automated tensioning tool is provided that employs a powered winding mandrel. Preferably, the tool is battery powered, but one of skill in the art will appreciate that the tool may receive the required power by way of a cord or be hydraulically driven. The power source associated with the tool of one embodiment is a replaceable battery that allows for the installation of about 60 to 70 band clamps. In one embodiment of the present invention, the mandrel is interconnected to a rotary shaft by way of a gearing system that ensures that the proper tension will be applied to the band. Further, to improve band cutting, the cutting mechanism of embodiments of the present invention extends laterally from the longitudinal axis of the mandrel as opposed to coaxial therewith. Initiation of mandrel winding is accomplished by depression of a button located on or near the hand grip. After the band reaches a predetermined tension, an easy-to-access cutter mechanism is used to sever the free end of the band. The predetermined amount of tension may be controlled by a clutch that will slip, thereby preventing further tensioning, when a preset tension level is reached. The cutter mechanism of some embodiments has the advantage of decreasing the amount of severed band extending from the buckle and thereby reducing exposure to the cut edge.
- It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a tensioning tool that employs a gear box that increases the torque provided by the motor. More specifically, common, commercially available drills provide about 250 in lbs. of torque. However, in order to tension the bands effectively, a torque of between about 1,800 to 3,000 in lbs. is needed. The gear box of embodiments of the present invention produces the required increase in torque.
- It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a band tensioning and cutting tool, comprising: a power source for providing rotational movement to a shaft; a gear box mechanically associated with the shaft; a rotating mandrel associated with the gear box wherein rotation of the shaft will rotate the mandrel, the mandrel adapted to receive a band and tension the same, the gear box having a means for preventing over tensioning the band; and a cutting mechanism positioned adjacent to the mandrel, the cutting mechanism also adapted to receive a portion of the band.
- It is yet another aspect of the present invention to provide a band tensioning and cutting tool, comprising: a drill having a rotating shaft; a gear box interconnected to the drill with an adapter, the gear box operatively associated with a winding mandrel such that rotation of the shaft rotates the mandrel, and a clutch that prevents over tensioning the band; and a cutting mechanism positioned adjacent to the mandrel, the cutting mechanism also adapted to receive a portion of the band.
- It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a guarded band clamp that will hold a shield onto a tube over many heating and cooling cycles. In one embodiment an Ultra-Lok® band clamp, which is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,014,792 (which is incorporated by reference herein), or similar band clamp is used to secure the shield to the tube. The contemplated tool tensions the band to such a degree that even if the retained force decreases over time as a result of repeated heat cycles, the shield will remain securely engaged onto the tube. Further, the guarded band clamp of one embodiment will function for about 5 to 8 years. In addition, the band tension provided by the band will overcome bent or deformed shields and force the shield to conform to the exterior shape of the shield and the tube. Such functionality ensures that the shield is in contact with the tube, thereby increasing heat transfer.
- It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a tensioning tool that provides smooth, continuous tensioning as opposed to incremental, ratchet-type tensioning which provides tension in a series of discreet tensioning steps. As those of skill in the art will appreciate, a ratcheting mechanism employs a toothed wheel that is rotatable in only one direction. Rotation in an opposite direction is prevented by interaction between the toothed wheel with a movable pawl. The tool and associated gear box of embodiments of the present invention do not have such limitation because tensioning increments are very small or non-existent and are provided by a one way clutch bearing.
- It is yet another aspect of the present invention to provide a system for protecting tubes that may be exposed to extreme temperatures, moving particulate and other harsh environments. The system of one embodiment includes a band clamp, an associated guard, and a tool for tensioning the guarded band clamp about a shielded tube of a boiler. The system of one embodiment of the present invention works with about 1 to 4 inch diameter tubes that are about 0.1 to 0.3 in. (about 3, 5, and 7 mm) thick that protect 180 degrees of the tube.
- It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a combination band clamp and guard, comprising: a band clamp comprised of a band having a buckle associated with one end and a free end; a guard having a first end and a second end, the first end of the guard located adjacent to the buckle and the second end spaced from the first end wherein the guard contacts at least a portion of the band.
- It is still yet another aspect of the present invention to provide a method of shielding a tube comprising: providing a shield about at least a portion of the tube; providing a band clamp having a first free end and a second end having a buckle; providing a clamp guard interconnected to the band clamp; placing the band clamp and guard about the shield; placing the free end of the band into the buckle; and pulling the free end of the band relative to the buckle to tensioned band about the shield.
- The Summary of the Invention is neither intended nor should it be construed as being representative of the full extent and scope of the present invention. Moreover, references made herein to “the present invention” or aspects thereof should be understood to mean certain embodiments of the present invention and should not necessarily be construed as limiting all embodiments to a particular description. The present invention is set forth in various levels of detail in the Summary of the Invention as well as in the attached drawings and the Detailed Description of the Invention and no limitation as to the scope of the present invention is intended by either the inclusion or non-inclusion of elements, components, etc. in this Summary of the Invention. Additional aspects of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the Detail Description, particularly when taken together with the drawings.
- The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the general description of the invention given above and the detailed description of the drawings given below, serve to explain the principles of these inventions.
-
FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view showing a shield interconnected to a tube with a guarded band clamp; -
FIG. 2 is a front elevation view ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a guard incorporated on a band clamp; -
FIG. 4 is a front elevation view of a guarded band positioned about a shielded tube; -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the guard of one embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is a front elevation view ofFIG. 5 ; -
FIG. 7 is a schematic of an automated band tensioning tool of one embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an automated band tensioning tool of one embodiment of the present invention that employs a drill; -
FIG. 9 is a front elevation view ofFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing portions of a plurality of shielded tubes as may be oriented in the exhaust path of a boiler with a tool of one embodiment positioned between adjacent tubes; -
FIG. 11 is a top plan view ofFIG. 10 ; -
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional of a gear box used in the embodiment of the present invention shown inFIG. 8 ; and -
FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view ofFIG. 12 . - It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale. In certain instances, details that are not necessary for an understanding of the invention or that render other details difficult to perceive may have been omitted. It should be understood, of course, that the invention is not necessarily limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein.
-
FIGS. 1 and 2 show a tube 2 associated with a boiler. One of skill in the art will appreciate that boiler tubes 2 may be oriented in a variety of positions, including vertical, horizontal, and in-between. The tubes 2 are protected by shields 6 that are interconnected thereto by a plurality of band clamps 10 positioned at spaced intervals. Preferably, abuckle 14 and severed end 18 of the band clamps 10 are positioned downstream relative to the oncomingflow 22 of hot gases traveling through boiler. In some boiler systems, the tubes 2 are spaced approximately 1.3 inches by 8 inches apart and thus interconnecting the band clamps 10 in the preferred matter is difficult. To secure the band clamp 18 about a shielded tube, afree end 64 of the band clamp 18 is placed in thebuckle 14 and theband 42 is tensioned using a tool. After tensioning, the excess band is severed from the band and theguard 26 remains in place to protect theband clamp 10. -
FIGS. 3-7 show aband clamp 10 associated with aguard 26 of one embodiment of the present invention that has afirst end 30 and asecond end 34. Theband clamp 10 shown may be any type of band clamp comprising a band with interconnected buckle, or other means for interconnecting, known in the art. Slots 38 are positioned adjacent to each end that are adapted to receive aband 42 of theband clamp 10. Further, the slots 38 may be located in ajog 44 or transition area of theguard 26. Theband 42 of theband clamp 10 is received within the slots 38 and positioned such that anouter surface 48 of theband 42 is abutted against theinner surface 52 of theguard 26. The first end of theguard 30 is positioned adjacent to thebuckle 14 of theband clamp 10, which helps maintain theguard 26 in place as theband clamp 10 is tensioned. Further, the guard is spot welded 56 or otherwise secured to the band, which ensures that the position of the guard relative to thebuckle 14 is maintained during tensioning. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , theguard 26 of one embodiment is curved to generally match the contour of the shield. In operation, theguard 26 is resiliently deflected outwardly and engaged onto the shield 6. Thejogs 44 are designed to coincide with and engage theedges 60 of the shield 6, which maintains the position of theguard 26 on the shield 6. Further, as theweld 56 maintains the position of thebuckle 14, relative to the shield, engagement of thejog 44 onto theedge 60 of the shield will locate thebuckle 14 on the downstream side of the pipe and generally out of the flow stream. -
FIG. 4 also shows that theband 42 of one embodiment has bent ends 64 and 68 that assist threading the band within thebuckle 14 and tightening by hand before using a tool to perform the final tightening and complete the installation. More specifically, thebent end 64 allows the free end tip to pass thru thebuckle 14 and not become obstructed by thejog 44. Further, the bent end 68 near thebuckle 14, which is bent in an opposite direction from thefree end 64, allows theband 42 to be pulled without digging into end 68, which reduces friction during installation. - Referring now to
FIGS. 8-11 , anautomated tensioning tool 100 of one embodiment of the present invention is shown that uses a rotary tensioning device, such as adrill 102 to rotate a windingmandrel 106. Therotary tensioning device 102 is associated with atool head 110 and windingmandrel 106 via a clutch 114,gear box 118, andbearing 122. - Referring now specifically to
FIGS. 8 and 9 , in one embodiment of the present invention a conventional battery poweredhand drill 102 is utilized. Thedrill 102 is interconnected to agear box 118 via anadapter 126. Thegear box 118 is interconnected to thedrill 102 with theadapter 126 supporting the weight of thegear box 118. Thegear box 118 is also associated with ahead 110 that includes the windingmandrel 106. In operation, a portion of the wrapped band is placed through afront slot 130 orside slot 134 of acutting mechanism 138 and then positioned within aslot 142 of the windingmandrel 106. Actuation of a button or other switch directs thedrill 102 to begin winding the band around themandrel 106. The a clutch associated with thegear box 118 ensures that the winding torque provided to themandrel 106 does not over tighten or under tighten the band clamp. After the desired tension is achieved an adjustable torque- limiting clutch associated with thegear box 118, as is known in the art, slips and prevents over tensioning of the band. The slipping clutch may make a noise to notify the operator that the proper amount of tension has been reached. Acutter arm 150 is rotated to cause ablade 154 to sever the excess portion of the band. The cutting mechanism may be automatic wherein after a predetermined tension is reached, the band is automatically severed. Alternatively, after tensioning is complete, the operator may actuate a button, for example, to cause the cutting mechanism to sever the band. -
FIGS. 10 and 11 are a representation of vertically-oriented tubes 2 of aboiler 160. As outlined above, the tubes 2 may be positioned in most any orientation. The tubes 2 are protected by shields 6 that are interconnected thereto by a plurality of spaced band clamps 10. Preferably, thebuckle 14 and severed end 18 of the band clamps 10 are positioned downstream relative to the oncomingflow 22 of hot gases and particulate traveling through theboiler 160. In some instances, the tubes 2 are spaced approximately 1.3 inches apart and thus interconnecting the band clamps 10 in the preferred manner is difficult. - Referring now specifically to
FIGS. 12 and 13 , thegear box 118 of one embodiment of the present invention has aninput shaft 170 that is associated with the drill. Theinput shaft 170 is also associated with aplanetary gear system 174 that provides the proper torsion to the winding mandrel. Theplanetary gear system 174 is designed for high tension workloads wherein over 100 times the amount of torque that is input into thegear box 118 by the drill may be delivered to themandrel 106. In one embodiment the tool is able to provide about 1200 to 1500 lbs. of tension. The tool of one embodiment of the invention uses a gear box commonly used in vehicle winches manufactured by Warn Industries. Although a planetary gear system is shown and described herein, one of skill in the art will appreciate that the other torque increasing mechanisms may be employed without departing from the scope of the present invention. The tool may employ a tension clutch bearing and a holding clutch bearing that holds the mandrel in place and prevents it from recoiling. - In one embodiment of the present invention is adapted to tension an about 3 mm thick by about 1.75 inch diameter half-moon mild steel shield to a tube. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein are battery operated and thus do not have cords or pneumatic air lines. Some embodiments of the present invention provide a maximum clamping force of about 690 lbs. It will also be apparent from the review of the figures that the band can be loaded into the tool by either threading it into the
cutting mechanism 138 directly into thefront slot 130 or side loaded through theside slot 134, which allows the tool to fit in the limited space available. In addition, themandrel 106 can accept the band regardless oftool grip 178 orientation. More specifically, themandrel 106 of some embodiments employs at least twoslots 142 for receiving the band. For example, thegrip 178 can be positioned at three-o'clock or nine o'clock and themandrel 106 can be selectively rotated to properly align aslot 142 to receive the band. The band can be inserted sideways into the alignedslots 142, or the free end of the band can be threaded directly through cutting mechanism into themandrel 106. Having the option of side to or direct loading allows operation in tight spaces. End loading also allows the band to be received at any point along the length of the band. To further aid the operator, tools of embodiments of the present invention employ a removable cut offhandle 150 wherein different cut off handles can be used depending on the work space. - Furthermore, the buckle of the band clamp is locked into place by the tool which prevents the buckle from slipping out of the blade during forming and band cutoff. More specifically, the
cutting mechanism 138 is equipped with a feature that catches the buckle and will not allow the buckle to move away from the cutting mechanism during cutoff. The cutting mechanism pushes down on the buckle which forces the band down against the blade and a shear plate to sever the band. As the band is severed, the band also stretches which allows room for the buckle to move away from the blade and shear plate. The buckle catch on the cutting mechanism will not allow the buckle to move away from the blade and shear plate which improves cut-off. That is, the blade maintains proper alignment between the cutting planes of the blade and the buckle to perform cuts under no tension as a one-way bearing in the gear box will maintain band tension when winding is ceased. - While various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it is apparent that modifications and alterations of those embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. However, it is to be expressly understood that such modifications and alterations are within the scope and spirit of the present invention, as set forth in the following claims. Further, the invention(s) described herein is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. In addition, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.
Claims (23)
1. A band tensioning and cutting tool, comprising:
a power source for providing rotational movement to a shaft;
a gear box mechanically associated with said shaft;
a rotating mandrel associated with said gear box wherein rotation of said shaft will rotate said mandrel, said mandrel adapted to receive a band and tension the same, said gear box having a means for preventing over tensioning the band; and
a cutting mechanism positioned adjacent to said mandrel, said cutting mechanism also adapted to receive a portion of the band.
2. The tool of claim 1 , wherein said power source is at least one battery.
3. The tool of claim 1 , wherein said gear box comprises a planetary gear system wherein said shaft is interconnected to a sun gear of the planetary gear system and the mandrel is associated with the planetary gears.
4. The tool of claim 1 , wherein said cutting mechanism is adapted to receive a band in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of said mandrel and in a direction perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of said mandrel.
5. The tool of claim 1 , wherein said mandrel includes a first slot and a second slot adapted for receiving the band.
6. The tool of claim 1 , wherein said tool has an outside lateral dimension of less than about 8 inches.
7. The tool of claim 1 , wherein said shaft produces about 250 in lbs. of torque which is increased to 1,800 to 3,000 in lbs. by said gear box.
8. The tool of claim 1 , wherein said shaft and power source are incorporated into a drill.
9. The tool of claim 1 , wherein said cutting mechanism comprises a blade and a shear plate that are brought together to sever the band.
10. The tool of claim 1 , wherein said cutting mechanism is automatically actuated when the band reaches a predetermined amount of tension.
11. The tool of claim 1 , wherein said gear box includes a slip clutch that disengages the mandrel from said shaft when the band is tensioned to a predetermined amount.
12. The tool of claim 11 , wherein said slip clutch emits an audio signal when the band is tensioned to a predetermined amount.
13. A band tensioning and cutting tool, comprising:
a drill having a rotating shaft;
a gear box interconnected to said drill with an adapter, said gear box operatively associated with a winding mandrel such that rotation of said shaft rotates said mandrel, and a clutch that prevents over tensioning the band; and
a cutting mechanism positioned adjacent to said mandrel, said cutting mechanism also adapted to receive a portion of the band.
14. The tool of claim 13 , wherein said drill is powered with at least one battery.
15. The tool of claim 13 , wherein said gear box comprises a planetary gear system wherein said shaft is interconnected to a sun gear of the planetary gear system and the mandrel is associated with the planetary gears.
16. The tool of claim 13 , wherein said cutting mechanism is adapted to receive a band in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of said mandrel and in a direction perpendicular to said longitudinal axis of said mandrel.
17. The tool of claim 13 , wherein said mandrel includes a first slot and a second slot adapted for receiving the band.
18. The tool of claim 13 , wherein said tool has an outside lateral dimension of less than about 8 inches.
19. The tool of claim 13 , wherein said shaft produces about 250 in lbs. of torque which is increased to 1,800 to 3,000 in lbs. by said gear box.
20. The tool of claim 13 , wherein said cutting mechanism comprises a blade and a shear plate that are brought together to sever the band.
21. The tool of claim 13 , wherein said cutting mechanism is automatically actuated when the band reaches a predetermined amount of tension.
22. The tool of claim 13 , wherein said gear box includes a slip clutch that disengages the mandrel from said shaft when the band is tensioned to a predetermined amount.
23. The tool of claim 22 , wherein said slip clutch emits an audio signal when the band is tensioned to a predetermined amount.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/232,806 US20120060703A1 (en) | 2010-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Band clamp tensioning tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38283010P | 2010-09-14 | 2010-09-14 | |
US38283310P | 2010-09-14 | 2010-09-14 | |
US13/232,806 US20120060703A1 (en) | 2010-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Band clamp tensioning tool |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20120060703A1 true US20120060703A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
Family
ID=45805376
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/232,806 Abandoned US20120060703A1 (en) | 2010-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Band clamp tensioning tool |
US13/232,813 Abandoned US20120061061A1 (en) | 2010-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Band clamp guard |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/232,813 Abandoned US20120061061A1 (en) | 2010-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Band clamp guard |
Country Status (4)
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US (2) | US20120060703A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2616355A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103370262A (en) |
WO (2) | WO2012037271A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2821685A1 (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-07 | Etablissements CAILLAU | Clamping device comprising a collar and a sleeve |
WO2015068062A1 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-14 | Centrum Badan Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk | Clamping mechanism, locking arrangement and method of operating a reconfigurable manipulator |
US9789984B2 (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2017-10-17 | Golden Bear LLC | Externally-powered strapping tool and a strapping tool assembly utilized therein |
US11008125B2 (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2021-05-18 | Panduit Corp. | Tool for tensioning metal locking ties |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010102644A1 (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-16 | Avure Technologies Ab | Pressure vessel for a high pressure press |
CN109621806A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 无锡银燕化工装备科技有限公司 | Vertical vacuum kneader |
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- 2011-09-14 EP EP11825887.0A patent/EP2616355A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-14 US US13/232,806 patent/US20120060703A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US9789984B2 (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2017-10-17 | Golden Bear LLC | Externally-powered strapping tool and a strapping tool assembly utilized therein |
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WO2015068062A1 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-14 | Centrum Badan Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk | Clamping mechanism, locking arrangement and method of operating a reconfigurable manipulator |
US11008125B2 (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2021-05-18 | Panduit Corp. | Tool for tensioning metal locking ties |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103370262A (en) | 2013-10-23 |
US20120061061A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
EP2616355A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
WO2012037273A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
WO2012037271A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
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Owner name: BAND-IT-IDEX, INC., COLORADO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:STIEFVATER, STEVEN P.;SHAFER, GRANT H.;REEL/FRAME:027001/0576 Effective date: 20110920 |
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