US20110303211A1 - Efficient Forced Air Heater - Google Patents
Efficient Forced Air Heater Download PDFInfo
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- US20110303211A1 US20110303211A1 US13/159,700 US201113159700A US2011303211A1 US 20110303211 A1 US20110303211 A1 US 20110303211A1 US 201113159700 A US201113159700 A US 201113159700A US 2011303211 A1 US2011303211 A1 US 2011303211A1
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- Prior art keywords
- flow
- forced air
- fluid
- air heater
- heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0488—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using fluid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/0052—Details for air heaters
- F24H9/0057—Guiding means
- F24H9/0068—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/21—Burners specially adapted for a particular use
- F23D2900/21003—Burners specially adapted for a particular use for heating or re-burning air or gas in a duct
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Definitions
- Certain embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to heaters. More specifically, certain embodiment disclosed herein related generally to forced air heaters. More specifically, certain embodiment disclosed herein related generally to the efficiency of forced air heaters.
- Heaters provide heat. Some heaters combust a fuel in air to provide heat. Forced air heaters are heaters that combust a fuel in air to provide heat and which provide a forced air output through an output opening.
- forced air heaters comprise design elements that are inefficient in one or more ways.
- forced air heaters are subject to a problem wherein wind or strong currents in ambient air to blow into an output opening and counter to the air output.
- Wind resistance is the resistance of a forced air heater to wind or strong currents in ambient air blowing into an output opening and counter to the air output.
- Some forced air heater comprise components adapted to promote wind resistance. Many components adapted to promote wind resistance decrease the efficiency of the forced air heater.
- Some forced air heater comprise components adapted to promote the mixture of air and fuel. Many components adapted to promote the mixture of air and fuel decrease the efficiency of the forced air heater.
- inefficiency manifests itself as noise or resistance to air flow through the heater.
- the forced air heater may comprise a housing defining a duct.
- the duct may be adapted for a flow of fluid therethrough.
- the heater may be adapted to provide a flow of fluid through the duct that is substantially laminar or transient.
- the forced air heater may comprise a housing defining a duct.
- the duct may be adapted for a flow of fluid therethrough.
- the heater may be adapted to provide a flow of fluid through the duct where the flow of fluid has a Reynolds Number less than 4000.
- the forced air heater may comprise a housing defining an elongated interior region.
- the elongated interior region may have a relative roughness less than 0.05.
- the elongated interior region may have a first end and second end.
- the housing may comprise a first opening proximate to the first end and adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region.
- the housing may comprise a second opening proximate to the second end and adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region.
- the forced air heater may comprise an air movement device adapted to create an air flow into the first opening and a flow of fluid out of the second opening.
- the heater may be adapted to produce a fully developed flow of fluid therethrough without producing sound of more than 60 db.
- the forced air heater may comprise a housing defining an elongated interior region.
- the elongated interior region may have a relative roughness less than 0.05.
- the elongated interior region may have a first end and second end.
- the housing may comprise a first opening proximate to the first end and adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region.
- the housing may comprise a second opening proximate to the second end and adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region.
- the second opening may have an area of less than 0.008 square meters.
- the forced air heater may comprise an air movement device adapted to create an air flow into the first opening and a flow of fluid out of the second opening where the flow of fluid exceeds 0.005 kg/s.
- the forced air heater may be adapted to produce a fully developed flow of fluid therefrom having a Reynolds Number less than 4000.
- the forced air heater may be adapted to produce a fully developed flow of fluid therefrom without producing sound of more than 60
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a heater
- FIG. 2 is another cross-sectional view of a heater
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another heater
- FIG. 4 is a Moody diagram
- FIG. 5 is a view of a baffle
- FIG. 6 is view of another baffle.
- FIGS. 1-6 wherein the showings are only for purposes of illustrating certain embodiments of an efficient forced air heater, and not for purposes of limiting the same.
- a forced air heater 50 may comprise a housing 100 , a burner 150 , and an air movement device 160 .
- a housing 100 may define an interior region 120 adapted to accept a flow of input air 210 , a flow of fuel 220 , or a flow of a mixture of air 200 and fuel 220 ; adapted to contain combustion of air 200 and fuel 220 , and adapted to output a flow of heat 260 and combustion products 280 .
- Air 200 within the housing 200 may be drawn from input air 210 or from another source or inlet.
- the housing 100 may be a hollow elongated structure defining an interior region 120 therein.
- the housing 100 may comprise a first end 102 and a second end 104 .
- the first end 102 may comprise an inlet opening 106 adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment 90 and the interior region 120 .
- the second end 104 may comprise an outlet opening 108 adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment 90 and the interior region.
- the housing 100 may form a duct 110 defining an elongated interior region 120 , a first end 102 and a second end 104 , an inlet opening 106 , and an outlet opening 108 .
- a duct 110 is adapted to permit the flow of therethrough of a fluid, such as without limitation, air 200 , or a mixture of air 200 and fuel 220 , or combustion products 280 .
- an outlet opening 108 may have an area less than 0.2 square meters. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, an outlet opening 108 may have an area less than 0.1 square meters. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, an outlet opening 108 may have an area less than 0.05 square meters.
- An interior region 120 or a duct 110 may be defined by an interior surface 115 of a housing 100 .
- An interior region 120 or a duct 110 may be shaped as a box, a prism, a cylinder, or some other shape.
- a cylindrical shaped duct 110 may also be considered a pipe.
- An interior region 120 or duct 110 may have some definable roughness as the term is used in FIG. 4 .
- the housing 100 is adapted for operation wherein input air 210 flows into the first end 102 of housing 100 ; wherein air 200 is mixed with either fuel 220 or a mixture of air 200 and fuel 220 to form a mixture of air 200 and fuel 220 ; wherein the mixture is combusted to produce heat 260 and combustion products 280 ; and wherein the heat 260 and combustion products 280 flow out of the second end 104 of the housing 100 .
- a forced air heater 50 may be adapted to operate in a manner that permits some fraction of the input air 210 that flows into the first end 102 of housing 100 not to participate in the combustion reaction and to flow out of the second end 104 of the housing 100 as output air 290 .
- some fraction of the air 200 that flows into the first end 102 of housing 100 does not participate in the combustion reaction and flows out of the second end 104 of the housing 100 as output air 290 .
- the fraction of the air 200 that flows out of the second end 104 of the housing 100 as output air 290 is heated by heat 260 such that the temperature of output air 290 is higher than that of the input air 210 and may be used to convey heat to the environment 90 or to other regions or objects.
- a burner 150 may comprise a site for combustion of a mixture of air 200 and fuel 220 to yield heat 260 and combustion products 280 .
- a fuel 220 may comprise kerosene, propane, natural gas, alcohol, mixtures thereof, or other fuels.
- burner 150 may be supplied with air 200 supplied from the input air 210 .
- burner 150 may be supplied with fuel 220 or a mixture of air 200 and fuel 220 .
- a burner 150 may be supplied with fuel 220 or a combustion a mixture of air 200 and fuel 220 transported to the burner 150 by a pipe 152 , hose, conduit, or other fluid conveyance.
- Fuel 220 may be supplied to the forced air heater 50 by an associated fuel tank, an associated fuel bottle, an associated supply line, or other associated fuel container or source.
- An air movement device 160 may comprise any device capable of intaking ambient air and providing air flow therefrom.
- an air movement device 160 may comprise an axial fan 160 , a centrifugal fan, a crossflow fan, another type of fan, a blower, an air compressor, a pump, or some combination thereof.
- an air movement device is adapted to establish an input air flow and output air flow where the output air flow has substantially higher head than does the input air flow.
- an air movement device 160 may be engaged with the housing 100 so as to be partially or fully encompassed by the housing 100 .
- an air movement device 160 may be engaged with the housing so as to be filly encompassed by an interior region 120 or duct 110 .
- an air movement device 160 may produce air flow through the forced air heater 50 defined by a linear flow rate, a volumetric flow rate, a mass flow rate, or some other flow criteria.
- air flow may be defined by a linear flow rate within the range of 0 to 50 meters per second.
- air flow may be defined by a volumetric flow rate within the range of 0 to 0.4 cubic meters per second.
- air flow may be defined by a volumetric flow rate within the range of 0 to 0.5 kilograms per second.
- an air movement device 160 may drive an air flow through the forced air heater 50 which is adapted to impart substantially similar flow to other materials or fluids such as fuel 220 , combustion products 280 , output air 290 , or other fluids.
- a forced air heater 50 may comprise a baffle 300 .
- a baffle 300 may comprise a mesh, a burner plate, a screen, a flameholder plate, or other perforated surface or perforated plate.
- a baffle 300 may be substantially flat, may be substantially frustoconical, or may comprise other geometries.
- a baffle 300 may comprise closed regions 320 and open regions 340 . Closed regions 320 are substantially impervious to the flow of air 200 or fuel 220 therethrough. As will be developed further herebelow, closed regions 320 are substantially impervious to the flow of wind or air currents therethrough. Open regions 340 are substantially open to the flow of air 200 or fuel 220 therethrough.
- open regions 340 are substantially open to the flow of wind or air currents therethrough.
- open regions 320 may be defined by perforations 310 .
- Perforations 310 may be round, diamond-shaped, or any other shape.
- a baffle 300 may be a substantially closed baffle 300 .
- a substantially closed baffle 300 may comprise substantially more closed regions 320 than open regions 340 .
- a substantially closed baffle 300 may comprise a baffle 300 wherein the fraction of the area of the baffle defined by closed regions 320 is substantially greater than the fraction of the area of the baffle defined by open regions 340 .
- the percentage of closure is the fraction of the area of the baffle defined by closed regions 320 .
- a substantially closed baffle 300 may be 60% closed, 70% closed, 80% closed, 90% closed, 95% closed, or some other percentage closed.
- a baffle 300 may be a substantially open baffle 300 .
- a substantially open baffle 300 may comprise substantially more open regions 340 than closed regions 320 .
- a substantially open baffle 300 may comprise a baffle 300 wherein the fraction of the area of the baffle defined by open regions 340 is substantially greater than the fraction of the area of the baffle defined by closed regions 320 .
- a substantially open baffle 300 may be 40% closed, 30% closed, 20% closed, 10% closed, 5% closed, or some other percentage closed.
- the percentage of closure of a baffle 300 may substantially influence the flow properties of air 200 fuel 220 or other fluids flowing therethrough.
- increasing the closure of baffle 300 may increase the resistance to fluid flow therethrough of the interior region 120 , or the duct 110 , or the forced air heater 50 .
- increasing the closure of baffle 300 may increase the friction factor or the relative roughness of the interior region 120 or the duct 110 .
- a more closed baffle 300 may promote greater turbulence of a fluid flowing therethrough than would a more open baffle 300 .
- more open baffle 300 may promote greater laminar flow of a fluid flowing therethrough than would a more closed baffle 300 .
- open regions 340 or perforations 310 may define apertures through which air 200 or fuel 220 or other fluids may flow. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, open regions 340 or perforations 310 may be adapted to produce choked flow therethrough.
- flow may be laminar, turbulent, or in a transition state between laminar and turbulent flow.
- the flow properties of a fluid in a forced air heater 50 may include the nature of the flow with respect to whether the flow is laminar, turbulent, or transient.
- Transient flow is in a transition state between laminar and turbulent flow.
- the Reynolds Number, Re can be used to determine if flow is laminar, transient or turbulent.
- flow is laminar when Re is less than about 2300 ; flow is transient when Re is between about 2300 and 4000; and flow is turbulent when Re is greater than about 4000.
- a forced air heater 50 may be adapted to operate in conditions comprising substantial wind or strong air currents.
- wind or strong air currents may reverse the direction of flow created by the air movement device 160 within the forced air heater 50 , or may blow heat 260 or combustion products 280 into the forced air heater 50 , or may otherwise produce undesired operation of the forced air heater 50 .
- a forced air heater 50 may comprise adaptations to prevent wind or strong air currents from reversing the flow within the forced air heater 50 , or from blowing heat 260 or combustion products 280 into the forced air heater 50 , or from otherwise producing undesired operation of the forced air heater 50 .
- Adaptations to prevent wind or strong air currents from reversing the flow within the forced air heater 50 , or from blowing heat 260 or combustion products 280 into the forced air heater 50 , or from otherwise producing undesired operation of the forced air heater 50 are adaptations to promote wind resistance.
- an adaptation that a forced air heater may comprise that promotes wind resistance is a substantially closed baffle 300 .
- increasing the closure of baffle 300 may increase the resistance of the interior region 120 , or the duct 110 , or the forced air heater 50 , to flow therethrough.
- the percentage of closure of a substantially closed baffle 300 may be chosen to increase the resistance of the interior region 120 , or the duct 110 , or the forced air heater 50 , to flow therethrough and thereby to increase the wind resistance. In some embodiments, and without limitation, as the percentage of closure of the baffle 300 increases, wind resistance increases.
- an adaptation that a forced air heater may comprise that promote wind resistance is a diffuser 400 .
- a diffuser is a conduit comprising a first opening 410 and a second opening 420 , where the area of the second opening 420 is greater than the area of the first opening 410 .
- the first opening 410 of the diffuser 400 is adapted to receive flow from the air movement device 160 .
- the first opening 410 of the diffuser 400 may be closely engaged with the outlet of the air movement device 160 so that the first opening 410 of the diffuser 400 is adapted to receive substantially all of the flow from the air movement device 160 .
- the diffuser is adapted to receive flow from the air movement device 160 through first opening 410 and for the flow to exit the diffuser 400 through second opening 420 .
- the diffuser comprises only two openings, first opening 410 and second opening 420 .
- the second opening 420 of the diffuser 400 may be closely engaged with the interior surface 115 of the housing 100 .
- a diffuser 400 may be hollow and substantially frustoconical.
- an adaptation that a forced air heater may comprise that promote wind resistance is a stagnation fitting 430 .
- a stagnation fitting 430 is a plate, block, or other geometry that is impervious to flow.
- a stagnation fitting 430 is placed along the axis of a hollow and substantially frustum-shaped diffuser 400 .
- a stagnation fitting 430 is placed proximate to the axis of revolution of an air movement device 160 comprising an axial fan.
- a stagnation fitting 430 is a circular plate placed proximate to the axis of revolution of an axial fan.
- a forced air heater 50 that comprises certain adaptations, such as a diffuser 400 , or a stagnation fitting 430 , or both, to promote wind resistance, may not require other adaptations, such as a substantially closed baffle 300 , to provide a desired level of wind resistance.
- a forced air heater 50 may be adapted to promote the mixing of air 200 and fuel 220 .
- an adaptation that a forced air heater may comprise that promotes the mixing of air 200 and fuel 220 is a substantially closed baffle 300 .
- a more closed baffle 300 may promote greater turbulence of a fluid flowing therethrough than would a more open baffle 300 .
- a forced air heater 50 may comprise a substantially closed baffle 300 that is adapted to promote greater turbulence of air 200 and fuel 220 flowing therethrough. Without limitation, turbulence may promote mixing action.
- a forced air heater 50 may comprise a substantially closed baffle 300 that is adapted to promote greater turbulence of air 200 and fuel 220 flowing therethrough and, thereby, promote the mixing of air 200 and fuel 220 .
- an adaptation that a forced air heater may comprise that promotes the mixing of air 200 and fuel 220 is a venturi 500 .
- a venturi 500 is a device that mixes air and fuel.
- a venturi 500 may comprise an orifice (not shown) adapted to introduce a fuel 220 from an associated fuel source (not shown), an inlet aperture 520 adapted to introduce air, and an outlet (not shown) adapted to output a mixture of the fuel 220 and air 200 .
- a forced air heater 50 that comprises certain adaptations, such as a venturi 500 , to promote the mixing of air 200 and fuel 220 , may not require other adaptations, such as a substantially closed baffle 300 , to provide a desired level of mixing of air 200 and fuel 220 .
- turbulent flow may also cause, or be correlated with other operational conditions.
- turbulent flow may cause or be correlated with the formation of eddies, vortices, or other complex flow patterns, increased drag, increased noise, increased inefficiency or some combination thereof.
- a substantially closed baffle 300 may promote both turbulence and inefficiency in the form of resistance to air flow through the heater.
- a substantially closed baffle 300 may promote both turbulence and noise stemming directly or indirectly from turbulent flow.
- Turbulent flow may be substantially louder or noisier than laminar or transient flow.
- a forced air heater 50 operating with substantially turbulent flow therethrough may produce noise in excess of 50 db, noise in excess of 60 db, noise in excess of 70 db, or noise in excess of 80 db.
- a forced air heater 50 operating without substantially turbulent flow therethrough may not produce noise in excess of 60 db, may not produce noise in excess of 50 db, may not produce noise in excess of 40 db, or may not produce noise in excess of 30 db.
- Turbulent flow may be substantially less efficient than laminar or transient flow.
- a forced air heater 50 operating with substantially turbulent flow therethrough may require substantially greater power than an otherwise similar forced air heater 50 operating with substantially laminar or transient flow in order to produce a substantially a similar rate of output flow.
- a forced air heater 50 operating without substantially turbulent flow therethrough may require 10% more power, 20% more power, 30% more power, 40% more power, 50% more power, 60% more power, 70% more power, or 80% more power than an otherwise similar forced air heater 50 operating with substantially laminar or transient flow in order to produce a substantially a similar rate of output flow.
- a forced air heater 50 may comprise substantially open baffle 300 .
- a forced air heater 50 comprising a substantially open baffle 300 may comprise a diffuser 400 or a stagnation fitting 430 , or both to promote wind resistance.
- a forced air heater 50 comprising a substantially open baffle 300 may comprise a venturi 500 to promote the mixing of air 200 and fuel 220 .
- a forced air heater 50 may comprise a substantially open baffle 300 , a diffuser 400 , a stagnation fitting 430 , and a venturi 500 .
- a forced air heater 50 that operates in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may benefit from non-turbulent flow that may be quieter and more efficient for lack of some of the drag and noise of turbulent flow.
- a forced air heater 50 may be adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow.
- a forced air heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may operate in a manner such that flow therethrough is substantially laminar, or such that flow therethrough is substantially transient.
- a forced air heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may comprise a diffuser 400 or a stagnation fitting 430 , or both to promote wind resistance.
- a forced air heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may comprise a venturi 500 to promote the mixing of air 200 and fuel 220 .
- a forced air heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may not comprise a substantially closed baffle 300 .
- a forced air heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may comprise an air movement device 160 adapted to use a relatively small amount of power and still be adapted to produce an output flow rate substantially similar to that of an otherwise similar forced air heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that promotes substantial turbulent air flow.
- efficient forced air heater has been described above in connection with the certain embodiments, it is to be understood that other embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiments for performing the same function of the efficient forced air heater without deviating therefrom. Further, efficient forced air heater may include embodiments disclosed but not described in exacting detail. Further, all embodiments disclosed are not necessarily in the alternative, as various embodiments may be combined to provide the desired characteristics. Variations can be made by one having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of efficient forced air heater. Therefore, the efficient forced air heater should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the recitation of the attached claims.
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Abstract
Provided is a forced air heater. The forced air heater may comprise a housing defining a duct. The duct may be adapted for a flow of fluid therethrough. The heater may be adapted to provide a flow of fluid through the duct that is substantially laminar or transient.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/354,954, filed Jun. 15, 2010. All of the subject matter disclosed by U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/354,954 is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
- Certain embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to heaters. More specifically, certain embodiment disclosed herein related generally to forced air heaters. More specifically, certain embodiment disclosed herein related generally to the efficiency of forced air heaters.
- Heaters provide heat. Some heaters combust a fuel in air to provide heat. Forced air heaters are heaters that combust a fuel in air to provide heat and which provide a forced air output through an output opening.
- In some embodiments, forced air heaters comprise design elements that are inefficient in one or more ways. In some embodiments forced air heaters are subject to a problem wherein wind or strong currents in ambient air to blow into an output opening and counter to the air output. Wind resistance is the resistance of a forced air heater to wind or strong currents in ambient air blowing into an output opening and counter to the air output.
- Some forced air heater comprise components adapted to promote wind resistance. Many components adapted to promote wind resistance decrease the efficiency of the forced air heater.
- Some forced air heater comprise components adapted to promote the mixture of air and fuel. Many components adapted to promote the mixture of air and fuel decrease the efficiency of the forced air heater.
- In some embodiments, inefficiency manifests itself as noise or resistance to air flow through the heater.
- It remains desirable to provide forced air heaters with improved efficiency, but which comprise components adapted to promote wind resistance, or adapted to promote the mixture of air and fuel, or both.
- Provided is a forced air heater. The forced air heater may comprise a housing defining a duct. The duct may be adapted for a flow of fluid therethrough. The heater may be adapted to provide a flow of fluid through the duct that is substantially laminar or transient.
- Further provided is a forced air heater. The forced air heater may comprise a housing defining a duct. The duct may be adapted for a flow of fluid therethrough. The heater may be adapted to provide a flow of fluid through the duct where the flow of fluid has a Reynolds Number less than 4000.
- Further provided is a forced air heater. The forced air heater may comprise a housing defining an elongated interior region. The elongated interior region may have a relative roughness less than 0.05. The elongated interior region may have a first end and second end. The housing may comprise a first opening proximate to the first end and adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region. The housing may comprise a second opening proximate to the second end and adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region. The forced air heater may comprise an air movement device adapted to create an air flow into the first opening and a flow of fluid out of the second opening. The heater may be adapted to produce a fully developed flow of fluid therethrough without producing sound of more than 60 db.
- Further provided is a forced air heater. The forced air heater may comprise a housing defining an elongated interior region. The elongated interior region may have a relative roughness less than 0.05. The elongated interior region may have a first end and second end. The housing may comprise a first opening proximate to the first end and adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region. The housing may comprise a second opening proximate to the second end and adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region. The second opening may have an area of less than 0.008 square meters. The forced air heater may comprise an air movement device adapted to create an air flow into the first opening and a flow of fluid out of the second opening where the flow of fluid exceeds 0.005 kg/s. The forced air heater may be adapted to produce a fully developed flow of fluid therefrom having a Reynolds Number less than 4000. The forced air heater may be adapted to produce a fully developed flow of fluid therefrom without producing sound of more than 60 db.
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FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a heater; -
FIG. 2 is another cross-sectional view of a heater; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another heater; -
FIG. 4 is a Moody diagram; -
FIG. 5 is a view of a baffle; and -
FIG. 6 is view of another baffle. - Reference will be made to the drawings,
FIGS. 1-6 , wherein the showings are only for purposes of illustrating certain embodiments of an efficient forced air heater, and not for purposes of limiting the same. - In certain embodiments, a forced
air heater 50 may comprise ahousing 100, aburner 150, and anair movement device 160. - A
housing 100 may define aninterior region 120 adapted to accept a flow ofinput air 210, a flow offuel 220, or a flow of a mixture ofair 200 andfuel 220; adapted to contain combustion ofair 200 andfuel 220, and adapted to output a flow ofheat 260 andcombustion products 280.Air 200 within thehousing 200 may be drawn frominput air 210 or from another source or inlet. In certain embodiments, thehousing 100 may be a hollow elongated structure defining aninterior region 120 therein. Thehousing 100 may comprise afirst end 102 and asecond end 104. Thefirst end 102 may comprise aninlet opening 106 adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between theenvironment 90 and theinterior region 120. Thesecond end 104 may comprise an outlet opening 108 adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between theenvironment 90 and the interior region. - In certain embodiments, and without limitation, the
housing 100 may form aduct 110 defining an elongatedinterior region 120, afirst end 102 and asecond end 104, an inlet opening 106, and an outlet opening 108. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, aduct 110 is adapted to permit the flow of therethrough of a fluid, such as without limitation,air 200, or a mixture ofair 200 andfuel 220, orcombustion products 280. - In certain embodiments, and without limitation, an
outlet opening 108 may have an area less than 0.2 square meters. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, anoutlet opening 108 may have an area less than 0.1 square meters. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, anoutlet opening 108 may have an area less than 0.05 square meters. - An
interior region 120 or aduct 110 may be defined by aninterior surface 115 of ahousing 100. Aninterior region 120 or aduct 110 may be shaped as a box, a prism, a cylinder, or some other shape. A cylindrical shapedduct 110 may also be considered a pipe. Aninterior region 120 orduct 110 may have some definable roughness as the term is used inFIG. 4 . - In certain embodiments the
housing 100 is adapted for operation whereininput air 210 flows into thefirst end 102 ofhousing 100; whereinair 200 is mixed with eitherfuel 220 or a mixture ofair 200 andfuel 220 to form a mixture ofair 200 andfuel 220; wherein the mixture is combusted to produceheat 260 andcombustion products 280; and wherein theheat 260 andcombustion products 280 flow out of thesecond end 104 of thehousing 100. - In certain embodiments, and without limitations, a forced
air heater 50 may be adapted to operate in a manner that permits some fraction of theinput air 210 that flows into thefirst end 102 ofhousing 100 not to participate in the combustion reaction and to flow out of thesecond end 104 of thehousing 100 asoutput air 290. In certain embodiments, in operation, some fraction of theair 200 that flows into thefirst end 102 ofhousing 100 does not participate in the combustion reaction and flows out of thesecond end 104 of thehousing 100 asoutput air 290. In certain embodiments, the fraction of theair 200 that flows out of thesecond end 104 of thehousing 100 asoutput air 290 is heated byheat 260 such that the temperature ofoutput air 290 is higher than that of theinput air 210 and may be used to convey heat to theenvironment 90 or to other regions or objects. - In certain embodiments, and without limitations, a
burner 150 may comprise a site for combustion of a mixture ofair 200 andfuel 220 to yieldheat 260 andcombustion products 280. Afuel 220 may comprise kerosene, propane, natural gas, alcohol, mixtures thereof, or other fuels. In certain embodiments, and without limitations,burner 150 may be supplied withair 200 supplied from theinput air 210. In certain embodiments, and without limitations,burner 150 may be supplied withfuel 220 or a mixture ofair 200 andfuel 220. In certain embodiments, and without limitations, aburner 150 may be supplied withfuel 220 or a combustion a mixture ofair 200 andfuel 220 transported to theburner 150 by apipe 152, hose, conduit, or other fluid conveyance.Fuel 220 may be supplied to the forcedair heater 50 by an associated fuel tank, an associated fuel bottle, an associated supply line, or other associated fuel container or source. - An
air movement device 160 may comprise any device capable of intaking ambient air and providing air flow therefrom. In certain embodiments, and without limitations, anair movement device 160 may comprise anaxial fan 160, a centrifugal fan, a crossflow fan, another type of fan, a blower, an air compressor, a pump, or some combination thereof. In certain embodiments, and without limitations, an air movement device is adapted to establish an input air flow and output air flow where the output air flow has substantially higher head than does the input air flow. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, anair movement device 160 may be engaged with thehousing 100 so as to be partially or fully encompassed by thehousing 100. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, anair movement device 160 may be engaged with the housing so as to be filly encompassed by aninterior region 120 orduct 110. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, anair movement device 160 may produce air flow through the forcedair heater 50 defined by a linear flow rate, a volumetric flow rate, a mass flow rate, or some other flow criteria. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, air flow may be defined by a linear flow rate within the range of 0 to 50 meters per second. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, air flow may be defined by a volumetric flow rate within the range of 0 to 0.4 cubic meters per second. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, air flow may be defined by a volumetric flow rate within the range of 0 to 0.5 kilograms per second. - In certain embodiments, and without limitation, an
air movement device 160 may drive an air flow through the forcedair heater 50 which is adapted to impart substantially similar flow to other materials or fluids such asfuel 220,combustion products 280,output air 290, or other fluids. - A forced
air heater 50 may comprise abaffle 300. Abaffle 300 may comprise a mesh, a burner plate, a screen, a flameholder plate, or other perforated surface or perforated plate. Abaffle 300 may be substantially flat, may be substantially frustoconical, or may comprise other geometries. Abaffle 300 may compriseclosed regions 320 andopen regions 340.Closed regions 320 are substantially impervious to the flow ofair 200 orfuel 220 therethrough. As will be developed further herebelow,closed regions 320 are substantially impervious to the flow of wind or air currents therethrough.Open regions 340 are substantially open to the flow ofair 200 orfuel 220 therethrough. As will be developed further herebelow,open regions 340 are substantially open to the flow of wind or air currents therethrough. In some embodiments, and without limitation, as shown inFIGS. 2 and 3 ,open regions 320 may be defined byperforations 310.Perforations 310 may be round, diamond-shaped, or any other shape. - In some embodiments, and without limitation, a
baffle 300 may be a substantiallyclosed baffle 300. A substantially closedbaffle 300 may comprise substantially moreclosed regions 320 thanopen regions 340. In some embodiments, and without limitation, as shown inFIG. 2 , a substantiallyclosed baffle 300, may comprise abaffle 300 wherein the fraction of the area of the baffle defined byclosed regions 320 is substantially greater than the fraction of the area of the baffle defined byopen regions 340. - The percentage of closure is the fraction of the area of the baffle defined by
closed regions 320. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, a substantiallyclosed baffle 300 may be 60% closed, 70% closed, 80% closed, 90% closed, 95% closed, or some other percentage closed. - In some embodiments, and without limitation, a
baffle 300 may be a substantiallyopen baffle 300. A substantiallyopen baffle 300 may comprise substantially moreopen regions 340 thanclosed regions 320. In some embodiments, and without limitation, as shown inFIG. 3 , a substantiallyopen baffle 300, may comprise abaffle 300 wherein the fraction of the area of the baffle defined byopen regions 340 is substantially greater than the fraction of the area of the baffle defined byclosed regions 320. - In certain embodiments, and without limitation, a substantially
open baffle 300 may be 40% closed, 30% closed, 20% closed, 10% closed, 5% closed, or some other percentage closed. - The percentage of closure of a
baffle 300, may substantially influence the flow properties ofair 200fuel 220 or other fluids flowing therethrough. In some embodiments, and without limitation, increasing the closure ofbaffle 300 may increase the resistance to fluid flow therethrough of theinterior region 120, or theduct 110, or the forcedair heater 50. In some embodiments, and without limitation, increasing the closure ofbaffle 300 may increase the friction factor or the relative roughness of theinterior region 120 or theduct 110. In some embodiments, and without limitation, a moreclosed baffle 300 may promote greater turbulence of a fluid flowing therethrough than would a moreopen baffle 300. By contrast, moreopen baffle 300 may promote greater laminar flow of a fluid flowing therethrough than would a moreclosed baffle 300. - In certain embodiments,
open regions 340 orperforations 310 may define apertures through whichair 200 orfuel 220 or other fluids may flow. In certain embodiments, and without limitation,open regions 340 orperforations 310 may be adapted to produce choked flow therethrough. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , flow may be laminar, turbulent, or in a transition state between laminar and turbulent flow. As referenced above, the flow properties of a fluid in a forcedair heater 50 may include the nature of the flow with respect to whether the flow is laminar, turbulent, or transient. Transient flow is in a transition state between laminar and turbulent flow. The Reynolds Number, Re, can be used to determine if flow is laminar, transient or turbulent. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, flow is laminar when Re is less than about 2300; flow is transient when Re is between about 2300 and 4000; and flow is turbulent when Re is greater than about 4000. As will be discussed further below, there are advantages to both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. - In certain embodiments, a forced
air heater 50 may be adapted to operate in conditions comprising substantial wind or strong air currents. In some embodiments, wind or strong air currents may reverse the direction of flow created by theair movement device 160 within the forcedair heater 50, or may blowheat 260 orcombustion products 280 into the forcedair heater 50, or may otherwise produce undesired operation of the forcedair heater 50. A forcedair heater 50 may comprise adaptations to prevent wind or strong air currents from reversing the flow within the forcedair heater 50, or from blowingheat 260 orcombustion products 280 into the forcedair heater 50, or from otherwise producing undesired operation of the forcedair heater 50. Adaptations to prevent wind or strong air currents from reversing the flow within the forcedair heater 50, or from blowingheat 260 orcombustion products 280 into the forcedair heater 50, or from otherwise producing undesired operation of the forcedair heater 50 are adaptations to promote wind resistance. - Without limitation, in certain embodiments, an adaptation that a forced air heater may comprise that promotes wind resistance is a substantially
closed baffle 300. As noted above, in some embodiments, and without limitation, increasing the closure ofbaffle 300 may increase the resistance of theinterior region 120, or theduct 110, or the forcedair heater 50, to flow therethrough. The percentage of closure of a substantiallyclosed baffle 300 may be chosen to increase the resistance of theinterior region 120, or theduct 110, or the forcedair heater 50, to flow therethrough and thereby to increase the wind resistance. In some embodiments, and without limitation, as the percentage of closure of thebaffle 300 increases, wind resistance increases. - Without limitation, in certain embodiments, an adaptation that a forced air heater may comprise that promote wind resistance is a
diffuser 400. A diffuser is a conduit comprising afirst opening 410 and asecond opening 420, where the area of thesecond opening 420 is greater than the area of thefirst opening 410. In certain embodiments, thefirst opening 410 of thediffuser 400 is adapted to receive flow from theair movement device 160. In certain embodiments, thefirst opening 410 of thediffuser 400 may be closely engaged with the outlet of theair movement device 160 so that thefirst opening 410 of thediffuser 400 is adapted to receive substantially all of the flow from theair movement device 160. In certain embodiments, the diffuser is adapted to receive flow from theair movement device 160 throughfirst opening 410 and for the flow to exit thediffuser 400 throughsecond opening 420. In certain embodiments, the diffuser comprises only two openings,first opening 410 andsecond opening 420. In certain embodiments, thesecond opening 420 of thediffuser 400 may be closely engaged with theinterior surface 115 of thehousing 100. In certain embodiments, adiffuser 400 may be hollow and substantially frustoconical. - Without limitation, in certain embodiments, an adaptation that a forced air heater may comprise that promote wind resistance is a
stagnation fitting 430. A stagnation fitting 430 is a plate, block, or other geometry that is impervious to flow. In certain embodiments, a stagnation fitting 430 is placed along the axis of a hollow and substantially frustum-shapeddiffuser 400. In certain embodiments, a stagnation fitting 430 is placed proximate to the axis of revolution of anair movement device 160 comprising an axial fan. In certain embodiments, a stagnation fitting 430 is a circular plate placed proximate to the axis of revolution of an axial fan. - Without limitation, in certain embodiments, a forced
air heater 50 that comprises certain adaptations, such as adiffuser 400, or a stagnation fitting 430, or both, to promote wind resistance, may not require other adaptations, such as a substantiallyclosed baffle 300, to provide a desired level of wind resistance. - In certain embodiments, a forced
air heater 50 may be adapted to promote the mixing ofair 200 andfuel 220. Without limitation, in certain embodiments, an adaptation that a forced air heater may comprise that promotes the mixing ofair 200 andfuel 220 is a substantiallyclosed baffle 300. As noted above, in some embodiments, a moreclosed baffle 300 may promote greater turbulence of a fluid flowing therethrough than would a moreopen baffle 300. In certain embodiments, a forcedair heater 50 may comprise a substantiallyclosed baffle 300 that is adapted to promote greater turbulence ofair 200 andfuel 220 flowing therethrough. Without limitation, turbulence may promote mixing action. In certain embodiments, a forcedair heater 50 may comprise a substantiallyclosed baffle 300 that is adapted to promote greater turbulence ofair 200 andfuel 220 flowing therethrough and, thereby, promote the mixing ofair 200 andfuel 220. - Without limitation, in certain embodiments, an adaptation that a forced air heater may comprise that promotes the mixing of
air 200 andfuel 220 is aventuri 500. Aventuri 500 is a device that mixes air and fuel. In certain embodiments, aventuri 500 may comprise an orifice (not shown) adapted to introduce afuel 220 from an associated fuel source (not shown), aninlet aperture 520 adapted to introduce air, and an outlet (not shown) adapted to output a mixture of thefuel 220 andair 200. - Without limitation, in certain embodiments, a forced
air heater 50 that comprises certain adaptations, such as aventuri 500, to promote the mixing ofair 200 andfuel 220, may not require other adaptations, such as a substantiallyclosed baffle 300, to provide a desired level of mixing ofair 200 andfuel 220. - In addition to the above described benefits, in certain embodiments, turbulent flow may also cause, or be correlated with other operational conditions. Without limitation, in certain embodiments, turbulent flow may cause or be correlated with the formation of eddies, vortices, or other complex flow patterns, increased drag, increased noise, increased inefficiency or some combination thereof. Without limitation, in certain embodiments, a substantially
closed baffle 300 may promote both turbulence and inefficiency in the form of resistance to air flow through the heater. Without limitation, in certain embodiments, a substantiallyclosed baffle 300 may promote both turbulence and noise stemming directly or indirectly from turbulent flow. - Turbulent flow may be substantially louder or noisier than laminar or transient flow. Without limitation, in certain embodiments, a forced
air heater 50 operating with substantially turbulent flow therethrough may produce noise in excess of 50 db, noise in excess of 60 db, noise in excess of 70 db, or noise in excess of 80 db. Without limitation, in certain embodiments, a forcedair heater 50 operating without substantially turbulent flow therethrough may not produce noise in excess of 60 db, may not produce noise in excess of 50 db, may not produce noise in excess of 40 db, or may not produce noise in excess of 30 db. - Turbulent flow may be substantially less efficient than laminar or transient flow. Without limitation, in certain embodiments, a forced
air heater 50 operating with substantially turbulent flow therethrough may require substantially greater power than an otherwise similar forcedair heater 50 operating with substantially laminar or transient flow in order to produce a substantially a similar rate of output flow. Without limitation, in certain embodiments, a forcedair heater 50 operating without substantially turbulent flow therethrough may require 10% more power, 20% more power, 30% more power, 40% more power, 50% more power, 60% more power, 70% more power, or 80% more power than an otherwise similar forcedair heater 50 operating with substantially laminar or transient flow in order to produce a substantially a similar rate of output flow. - Without limitation, in certain embodiments, a forced
air heater 50 may comprise substantiallyopen baffle 300. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, a forcedair heater 50 comprising a substantiallyopen baffle 300 may comprise adiffuser 400 or a stagnation fitting 430, or both to promote wind resistance. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, a forcedair heater 50 comprising a substantiallyopen baffle 300 may comprise aventuri 500 to promote the mixing ofair 200 andfuel 220. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, a forcedair heater 50 may comprise a substantiallyopen baffle 300, adiffuser 400, a stagnation fitting 430, and aventuri 500. - In certain embodiments, and without limitation, a forced
air heater 50 that operates in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may benefit from non-turbulent flow that may be quieter and more efficient for lack of some of the drag and noise of turbulent flow. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, a forcedair heater 50 may be adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow. In certain embodiments, and without limitation, a forcedair heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may operate in a manner such that flow therethrough is substantially laminar, or such that flow therethrough is substantially transient. A forcedair heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may comprise adiffuser 400 or a stagnation fitting 430, or both to promote wind resistance. A forcedair heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may comprise aventuri 500 to promote the mixing ofair 200 andfuel 220. A forcedair heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may not comprise a substantiallyclosed baffle 300. A forcedair heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that avoids or does not promote substantial turbulent air flow may comprise anair movement device 160 adapted to use a relatively small amount of power and still be adapted to produce an output flow rate substantially similar to that of an otherwise similar forcedair heater 50 adapted to operate in a manner that promotes substantial turbulent air flow. - While the efficient forced air heater has been described above in connection with the certain embodiments, it is to be understood that other embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiments for performing the same function of the efficient forced air heater without deviating therefrom. Further, efficient forced air heater may include embodiments disclosed but not described in exacting detail. Further, all embodiments disclosed are not necessarily in the alternative, as various embodiments may be combined to provide the desired characteristics. Variations can be made by one having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of efficient forced air heater. Therefore, the efficient forced air heater should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the recitation of the attached claims.
Claims (20)
1. A forced air heater comprising,
a housing defining a duct, said duct adapted for a flow of fluid therethrough;
said heater adapted to provide a flow of fluid through the duct that is substantially laminar or transient.
2. The forced air heater of claim 1 , wherein said flow of fluid comprises air, fuel, combustion products, or some combination thereof.
3. The forced air heater of claim 2 , wherein said flow of fluid has a velocity exceeding 0.2 m/s.
4. The forced air heater of claim 3 , wherein said flow of fluid has a velocity exceeding 0.4 m/s.
5. The forced air heater of claim 1 , wherein said flow of fluid is substantially laminar.
6. The forced air heater of claim 5 , wherein said flow of fluid comprises air, fuel, combustion products, or some combination thereof.
7. The forced air heater of claim 6 , wherein said flow of fluid has a velocity exceeding 0.2 m/s.
8. The forced air heater of claim 7 , wherein said flow of fluid has a velocity exceeding 0.4 m/s.
9. A forced air heater comprising,
a housing defining a duct, said duct adapted for a flow of fluid therethrough;
said heater adapted to provide a flow of fluid through the duct where said flow of fluid has a Reynolds Number less than 4000.
10. The forced air heater of claim 9 , wherein said flow of fluid comprises air, fuel, combustion products, or some combination thereof.
11. The forced air heater of claim 10 , wherein said flow of fluid exceeds 0.002 kg/s.
12. The forced air heater of claim 11 , wherein said flow of fluid exceeds 0.005 kg/s.
13. The forced air heater of claim 9 , wherein said flow of fluid has a Reynolds Number less than 2300.
14. The forced air heater of claim 13 , wherein said flow of fluid comprises air, fuel, combustion products, or some combination thereof.
15. The forced air heater of claim 14 , wherein said flow of fluid exceeds 0.002 kg/s.
16. The forced air heater of claim 11 , wherein said flow of fluid exceeds 0.005 kg/s.
17. A forced air heater comprising,
a housing defining an elongated interior region,
said elongated interior region having a relative roughness less than 0.05,
said elongated interior region having a first end and second end,
said housing comprising,
a first opening proximate to the first end and adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region,
a second opening proximate to the second end and adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region,
an air movement device adapted to create an air flow into the first opening and a flow of fluid out of the second opening; and
wherein, the heater is adapted to produce a fully developed flow of fluid therethrough without producing sound of more than 60 db.
18. The forced air heater of claim 17 , wherein the heater is adapted to produce a fully developed air flow therethrough without producing sound of more than 45 db.
19. The forced air heater of claim 18 , wherein the heater is adapted to produce a fully developed air flow therethrough without producing sound of more than 30 db.
20. A forced air heater comprising,
a housing defining an elongated interior region,
said elongated interior region having a relative roughness less than 0.05,
said elongated interior region having a first end and second end,
said housing comprising,
a first opening proximate to the first end and adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region,
a second opening proximate to the second end, adapted to provide fluid communication therethrough between the environment and the interior region, and having an area of less than 0.008 square meters;
an air movement device adapted to create an air flow into the first opening and a flow of fluid out of the second opening, said flow of fluid exceeding 0.005 kg/s; and
wherein, the heater is adapted to produce a fully developed flow of fluid therefrom having a Reynolds Number less than 4000; and
wherein the heater is adapted to produce a fully developed flow of fluid therefrom without producing sound of more than 60 db.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/159,700 US20110303211A1 (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2011-06-14 | Efficient Forced Air Heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US35495410P | 2010-06-15 | 2010-06-15 | |
US13/159,700 US20110303211A1 (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2011-06-14 | Efficient Forced Air Heater |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20110303211A1 true US20110303211A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
Family
ID=45095215
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/159,700 Abandoned US20110303211A1 (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2011-06-14 | Efficient Forced Air Heater |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20110303211A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2583029A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103097816A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2802805A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011159662A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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CN108235477A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-06-29 | 宁波萨科森工业科技有限公司 | A kind of bayonet heater |
USD963817S1 (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2022-09-13 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Portable heater |
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- 2011-06-14 WO PCT/US2011/040286 patent/WO2011159662A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-06-14 US US13/159,700 patent/US20110303211A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-06-14 EP EP11796278.7A patent/EP2583029A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-06-14 CA CA2802805A patent/CA2802805A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-06-14 CN CN2011800393185A patent/CN103097816A/en active Pending
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Cited By (2)
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CN108235477A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-06-29 | 宁波萨科森工业科技有限公司 | A kind of bayonet heater |
USD963817S1 (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2022-09-13 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Portable heater |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2583029A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
CA2802805A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
EP2583029A4 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
CN103097816A (en) | 2013-05-08 |
WO2011159662A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
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