US20110271662A1 - Compact reduction agent doser for use in an scr system of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Compact reduction agent doser for use in an scr system of an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- US20110271662A1 US20110271662A1 US12/776,475 US77647510A US2011271662A1 US 20110271662 A1 US20110271662 A1 US 20110271662A1 US 77647510 A US77647510 A US 77647510A US 2011271662 A1 US2011271662 A1 US 2011271662A1
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- Prior art keywords
- reduction agent
- housing
- target plate
- doser
- inside diameter
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
- B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
- B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
- B01F25/25—Mixing by jets impinging against collision plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/432—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
- B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
- B01F25/4523—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through sieves, screens or meshes which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
- B01F35/93—Heating or cooling systems arranged inside the receptacle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
- B01F2035/99—Heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
- F01N2610/102—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to internal combustion engines, and, more specifically, to exhaust aftertreatment of such engines.
- a vehicle such as a work machine in the form of a construction work machine, an agricultural work machine or a forestry work machine, typically includes a power unit in the form of an internal combustion (IC) engine.
- the IC engine may either be in the form of a compression ignition engine (i.e., diesel engine) or a spark ignition engine (i.e., gasoline engine).
- the power unit is in the form of a diesel engine having better lugging, pull-down and torque characteristics for associated work operations.
- Diesel engines provide advantages in fuel economy, but produce and emit both NOx and particulates during normal operation.
- primary measures actions that affect the combustion process itself, such as exhaust gas recirculation and engine timing adjustments
- combustion conditions selected to reduce pollution from particulates and obtain good fuel economy tend to increase the output of NOx.
- Current and proposed regulations and legislation present significant challenges to manufacturers to achieve good fuel economy while at the same time reducing the emission levels of particulates and NOx.
- SCR selective catalytic reduction
- the SCR method consists of injecting gaseous ammonia (NH3), ammonia in aqueous solution or aqueous urea, or ammonia supplied from an ammonia generator using a solid source of ammonia such as ammonia carbamate or ammonia carbonate, into the exhaust gas system of the compression ignition engine as a reduction agent.
- gaseous ammonia NH3
- ammonia in aqueous solution or aqueous urea or ammonia supplied from an ammonia generator using a solid source of ammonia such as ammonia carbamate or ammonia carbonate
- a reaction temperature for example a temperature above 160° C. for aqueous urea
- the reduction agent undergoes a hydrolysis process and is decomposed into ammonia and CO 2 .
- the gaseous ammonia reacts with the NOx to reduce the NOx to molecular nitrogen. This reduces or limits the NOx emissions from the compression ignition engine.
- the ammonia is typically provided by evaporating and decomposing a urea-water solution that is now referred to as a diesel emission fluid (DEF).
- DEF diesel emission fluid
- the DEF is sprayed onto a mixer in an exhaust pipe and a further length of exhaust pipe (typically 0.5 m to 1.0 m) is provided after the mixer to complete the mixing before entering the SCR catalytic reactor.
- An SCR system of this conventional design requires considerable space and adds cost.
- the invention in one form is directed to an IC engine including an engine block with a plurality of combustion cylinders.
- An exhaust system receives exhaust gases from the combustion cylinders.
- the exhaust system includes an exhaust manifold and an exhaust conduit for conducting the exhaust gas from the engine.
- An emissions control system includes a reduction agent doser and a catalytic reactor.
- the reduction agent doser has a tubular housing with an inside diameter.
- a target plate is positioned crosswise in the housing and terminates at a distance from the inside diameter of the housing. The target plate directs a flow of the exhaust gas in a radially outward direction.
- a baffle is positioned crosswise in the housing downstream from the target plate.
- the baffle terminates at the inside diameter of the housing and includes a center opening for directing a flow of the exhaust gas in a radially inward direction.
- a diffuser plate is located downstream from the baffle, and terminates at the inside diameter of the housing.
- a catalytic reactor is coupled with a downstream side of the reduction agent doser.
- the invention in another form is directed to a reduction agent doser for use in an emissions control system for an IC engine.
- the reduction agent doser includes:
- a target plate positioned crosswise in the housing and terminating at a distance from the inside diameter of the housing, the target plate directing a flow of exhaust gas in a radially outward direction;
- baffle positioned crosswise in the housing downstream from the target plate, the baffle terminating at the inside diameter of the housing and including a center opening for directing a flow of exhaust gas in a radially inward direction;
- a diffuser plate located downstream from the baffle, the diffuser plate terminating at the inside diameter of the housing.
- the invention in yet another form is directed to an SCR system for use with an IC engine, including a reduction agent doser and a catalytic reactor.
- the reduction agent doser includes a tubular housing with an inside diameter.
- a target plate is positioned crosswise in the housing and terminates at a distance from the inside diameter of the housing. The target plate directs a flow of exhaust gas in a radially outward direction.
- a baffle is positioned crosswise in the housing downstream from the target plate. The baffle terminates at the inside diameter of the housing and includes a center opening for directing a flow of exhaust gas in a radially inward direction.
- a diffuser plate is located downstream from the baffle. The diffuser plate terminates at the inside diameter of the housing.
- a catalytic reactor is directly coupled with a downstream side of the reduction agent doser.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an SCR system of the present invention for use with an IC engine
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the reduction agent doser shown in FIG. 1 , taken along line 2 - 2 .
- IC engine 10 which includes an SCR system 12 for reducing exhaust emissions to the ambient environment.
- IC engine 10 is presumed to be a diesel engine in the illustrated embodiment, and includes an engine block 14 with a plurality of combustion cylinders 16 .
- Engine block 14 is shown with four combustion cylinders 16 , but may have any suitable number of combustion cylinders depending upon the engine, such as two, six, or eight cylinders.
- IC engine 10 also includes an intake manifold 18 and an exhaust manifold 20 which are each in fluid communication with the plurality of combustion cylinders 16 .
- Intake manifold 18 receives and provides a source of combustion air to the plurality of combustion cylinders 16 .
- Exhaust manifold 20 receives exhaust gases from the plurality of combustion cylinders 16 and discharges the exhaust gases through an exhaust conduit 22 to the downstream SCR system 12 .
- SCR system 12 generally includes a reduction agent doser 24 and a catalytic reactor 26 .
- Reduction agent doser 24 is assumed to be a urea doser in the illustrated embodiment.
- Reduction agent doser 24 includes a tubular housing 28 in which are disposed a reduction agent injector 30 , target plate 32 , baffle 34 , and diffuser plate 36 .
- the structure and arrangement of reduction agent doser 24 is such that the various components thereof cause the exhaust gases to flow in radially outward and radially inward directions, thereby providing a sufficient latency period for proper mixing of the DEF and exhaust gas within reduction agent doser 24 prior to flowing into catalytic reactor 26 . This reduces the area required by reduction agent doser 24 while still maintaining adequate mixing of the DEF with the exhaust gases.
- Reduction agent injector 30 injects a fluid reduction agent, such as DEF, toward target plate 32 .
- a fluid reduction agent such as DEF
- the particular configuration and impingement angle of reduction agent injector 30 may vary, depending upon the application.
- Target plate 32 generally provides an impingement surface for the DEF which is mixed with the exhaust gases.
- Target plate 32 is positioned crosswise within housing 28 and terminates at a distance from the inside diameter of housing 28 .
- target plate 32 may be supported by a plurality of stand-off rods 38 which centrally locate the circular disk-shaped target plate 32 within the circular inside diameter of housing 28 .
- the particular diameter of target plate 32 may be selected according to desired flow characteristics, flow rate, etc.
- target plate 32 need not be a circular, disk-shaped plate but, rather, have another shape for a particular application, such as octagonal or hexagonal.
- Baffle 34 is likewise positioned crosswise with housing 28 at a location which is downstream from target plate 32 .
- Baffle 34 terminates at (i.e., extends to) the inside diameter of housing 28 and includes a center opening 40 for directing a flow of the exhaust gas in a radially inward direction.
- baffle 34 has an annular shape and center opening 40 is a concentrically positioned, circular opening with an inside diameter which is smaller than the outside diameter of target plate 32 .
- Diffuser plate 36 is located downstream from baffle 34 and also terminates at the inside diameter of housing 28 . Diffuser plate 36 functions to distribute the exhaust gases mixed with DEF in a more uniform manner across diffuser plate 36 .
- a portion of baffle 34 has been fragged out to illustrate the perforations within diffuser plate 36 . These perforations may be of the same diameter, or may vary across the face of diffuser plate 36 .
- diffuser plate 36 need not have pass-through perforations but, rather, may be differently configured to diffuse the flow of exhaust gases and DEF, such as by using a lattice structure, etc.
- Catalytic reactor 26 may be of conventional design, and is directly coupled to the downstream side of reduction agent doser 24 .
- Catalytic reactor 26 preferably has a flow path diameter which is approximately the same as the inside diameter of housing 28 .
- exhaust gases are transported from exhaust manifold 20 , through exhaust conduit 22 , to SCR system 12 .
- a DEF is injected against target plate 32 at a desired flow velocity and impingement angle.
- the DEF and exhaust gases flow in a radially outward direction around target plate 32 and then in a radially inward direction toward center opening 40 of baffle 34 .
- This generally serpentine-type flow path provides a sufficient latency period for adequate mixing of the DEF with the exhaust gases.
- the mixed DEF and exhaust gases are diffused by diffuser plate 36 and flow into catalytic reactor 26 where a catalytic reaction occurs in known manner.
- an optional heater such as a resistive type heater 42 (shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2 ) may be provided at the rear or face of target plate 32 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
An SCR system for use with an IC engine includes a reduction agent doser and a catalytic reactor. The reduction agent doser includes a tubular housing with an inside diameter. A target plate is positioned crosswise in the housing and terminates at a distance from the inside diameter of the housing. The target plate directs a flow of exhaust gas in a radially outward direction. A baffle is positioned crosswise in the housing downstream from the target plate. The baffle terminates at the inside diameter of the housing and includes a center opening for directing a flow of exhaust gas in a radially inward direction. A diffuser plate is located downstream from the baffle. The diffuser plate terminates at the inside diameter of the housing. A catalytic reactor is directly coupled with a downstream side of the reduction agent doser.
Description
- The present invention relates to internal combustion engines, and, more specifically, to exhaust aftertreatment of such engines.
- A vehicle such as a work machine in the form of a construction work machine, an agricultural work machine or a forestry work machine, typically includes a power unit in the form of an internal combustion (IC) engine. The IC engine may either be in the form of a compression ignition engine (i.e., diesel engine) or a spark ignition engine (i.e., gasoline engine). For most heavy work machines, the power unit is in the form of a diesel engine having better lugging, pull-down and torque characteristics for associated work operations.
- The Environmental Protection Laws enacted in the United States decades ago have imposed ever increasing limits on permitted emissions from IC engines. The diesel engine has enjoyed a position of being a durable and fuel efficient engine thus making it the engine of choice for commercial, industrial and agricultural use. As emissions limits have been lowered, it becomes increasingly more difficult to meet the standards with a diesel engine.
- Diesel engines provide advantages in fuel economy, but produce and emit both NOx and particulates during normal operation. When primary measures (actions that affect the combustion process itself, such as exhaust gas recirculation and engine timing adjustments) are taken to reduce one, often the other is increased. Thus, combustion conditions selected to reduce pollution from particulates and obtain good fuel economy tend to increase the output of NOx. Current and proposed regulations and legislation present significant challenges to manufacturers to achieve good fuel economy while at the same time reducing the emission levels of particulates and NOx.
- In order to meet such requirements or restrictions, a method known as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has been used for reducing the emission of NOx. The SCR method consists of injecting gaseous ammonia (NH3), ammonia in aqueous solution or aqueous urea, or ammonia supplied from an ammonia generator using a solid source of ammonia such as ammonia carbamate or ammonia carbonate, into the exhaust gas system of the compression ignition engine as a reduction agent. When the temperature of the exhaust gas stream is above a reaction temperature, for example a temperature above 160° C. for aqueous urea, the reduction agent undergoes a hydrolysis process and is decomposed into ammonia and CO2. As the exhaust gas stream is passed through the SCR catalyst, the gaseous ammonia reacts with the NOx to reduce the NOx to molecular nitrogen. This reduces or limits the NOx emissions from the compression ignition engine.
- In an SCR system as described above, the ammonia is typically provided by evaporating and decomposing a urea-water solution that is now referred to as a diesel emission fluid (DEF). In a typical SCR system, the DEF is sprayed onto a mixer in an exhaust pipe and a further length of exhaust pipe (typically 0.5 m to 1.0 m) is provided after the mixer to complete the mixing before entering the SCR catalytic reactor. An SCR system of this conventional design requires considerable space and adds cost.
- The invention in one form is directed to an IC engine including an engine block with a plurality of combustion cylinders. An exhaust system receives exhaust gases from the combustion cylinders. The exhaust system includes an exhaust manifold and an exhaust conduit for conducting the exhaust gas from the engine. An emissions control system includes a reduction agent doser and a catalytic reactor. The reduction agent doser has a tubular housing with an inside diameter. A target plate is positioned crosswise in the housing and terminates at a distance from the inside diameter of the housing. The target plate directs a flow of the exhaust gas in a radially outward direction. A baffle is positioned crosswise in the housing downstream from the target plate. The baffle terminates at the inside diameter of the housing and includes a center opening for directing a flow of the exhaust gas in a radially inward direction. A diffuser plate is located downstream from the baffle, and terminates at the inside diameter of the housing. A catalytic reactor is coupled with a downstream side of the reduction agent doser.
- The invention in another form is directed to a reduction agent doser for use in an emissions control system for an IC engine. The reduction agent doser includes:
- a tubular housing with an inside diameter;
- a target plate positioned crosswise in the housing and terminating at a distance from the inside diameter of the housing, the target plate directing a flow of exhaust gas in a radially outward direction;
- a baffle positioned crosswise in the housing downstream from the target plate, the baffle terminating at the inside diameter of the housing and including a center opening for directing a flow of exhaust gas in a radially inward direction; and
- a diffuser plate located downstream from the baffle, the diffuser plate terminating at the inside diameter of the housing.
- The invention in yet another form is directed to an SCR system for use with an IC engine, including a reduction agent doser and a catalytic reactor. The reduction agent doser includes a tubular housing with an inside diameter. A target plate is positioned crosswise in the housing and terminates at a distance from the inside diameter of the housing. The target plate directs a flow of exhaust gas in a radially outward direction. A baffle is positioned crosswise in the housing downstream from the target plate. The baffle terminates at the inside diameter of the housing and includes a center opening for directing a flow of exhaust gas in a radially inward direction. A diffuser plate is located downstream from the baffle. The diffuser plate terminates at the inside diameter of the housing. A catalytic reactor is directly coupled with a downstream side of the reduction agent doser.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an SCR system of the present invention for use with an IC engine; and -
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the reduction agent doser shown inFIG. 1 , taken along line 2-2. - Referring now to the drawings, there is shown an embodiment of an
IC engine 10 which includes anSCR system 12 for reducing exhaust emissions to the ambient environment.IC engine 10 is presumed to be a diesel engine in the illustrated embodiment, and includes anengine block 14 with a plurality ofcombustion cylinders 16.Engine block 14 is shown with fourcombustion cylinders 16, but may have any suitable number of combustion cylinders depending upon the engine, such as two, six, or eight cylinders.IC engine 10 also includes anintake manifold 18 and anexhaust manifold 20 which are each in fluid communication with the plurality ofcombustion cylinders 16.Intake manifold 18 receives and provides a source of combustion air to the plurality ofcombustion cylinders 16.Exhaust manifold 20 receives exhaust gases from the plurality ofcombustion cylinders 16 and discharges the exhaust gases through anexhaust conduit 22 to thedownstream SCR system 12. -
SCR system 12 generally includes areduction agent doser 24 and acatalytic reactor 26.Reduction agent doser 24 is assumed to be a urea doser in the illustrated embodiment.Reduction agent doser 24 includes atubular housing 28 in which are disposed areduction agent injector 30,target plate 32,baffle 34, anddiffuser plate 36. The structure and arrangement ofreduction agent doser 24 is such that the various components thereof cause the exhaust gases to flow in radially outward and radially inward directions, thereby providing a sufficient latency period for proper mixing of the DEF and exhaust gas withinreduction agent doser 24 prior to flowing intocatalytic reactor 26. This reduces the area required byreduction agent doser 24 while still maintaining adequate mixing of the DEF with the exhaust gases. -
Reduction agent injector 30 injects a fluid reduction agent, such as DEF, towardtarget plate 32. The particular configuration and impingement angle ofreduction agent injector 30 may vary, depending upon the application. -
Target plate 32 generally provides an impingement surface for the DEF which is mixed with the exhaust gases.Target plate 32 is positioned crosswise withinhousing 28 and terminates at a distance from the inside diameter ofhousing 28. For example,target plate 32 may be supported by a plurality of stand-offrods 38 which centrally locate the circular disk-shapedtarget plate 32 within the circular inside diameter ofhousing 28. The particular diameter oftarget plate 32 may be selected according to desired flow characteristics, flow rate, etc. Moreover, it is possible thattarget plate 32 need not be a circular, disk-shaped plate but, rather, have another shape for a particular application, such as octagonal or hexagonal. -
Baffle 34 is likewise positioned crosswise withhousing 28 at a location which is downstream fromtarget plate 32.Baffle 34 terminates at (i.e., extends to) the inside diameter ofhousing 28 and includes acenter opening 40 for directing a flow of the exhaust gas in a radially inward direction. In the embodiment shown, baffle 34 has an annular shape andcenter opening 40 is a concentrically positioned, circular opening with an inside diameter which is smaller than the outside diameter oftarget plate 32. Thus, as shown inFIG. 1 , the exhaust gases first flow in a radially outward direction aroundtarget plate 32 and then in a radially inward direction to pass throughcenter opening 40. -
Diffuser plate 36 is located downstream frombaffle 34 and also terminates at the inside diameter ofhousing 28.Diffuser plate 36 functions to distribute the exhaust gases mixed with DEF in a more uniform manner acrossdiffuser plate 36. Referring toFIG. 2 , a portion ofbaffle 34 has been fragged out to illustrate the perforations withindiffuser plate 36. These perforations may be of the same diameter, or may vary across the face ofdiffuser plate 36. Likewise,diffuser plate 36 need not have pass-through perforations but, rather, may be differently configured to diffuse the flow of exhaust gases and DEF, such as by using a lattice structure, etc. -
Catalytic reactor 26 may be of conventional design, and is directly coupled to the downstream side ofreduction agent doser 24.Catalytic reactor 26 preferably has a flow path diameter which is approximately the same as the inside diameter ofhousing 28. - During operating, exhaust gases are transported from
exhaust manifold 20, throughexhaust conduit 22, toSCR system 12. A DEF is injected againsttarget plate 32 at a desired flow velocity and impingement angle. The DEF and exhaust gases flow in a radially outward direction aroundtarget plate 32 and then in a radially inward direction toward center opening 40 ofbaffle 34. This generally serpentine-type flow path provides a sufficient latency period for adequate mixing of the DEF with the exhaust gases. The mixed DEF and exhaust gases are diffused bydiffuser plate 36 and flow intocatalytic reactor 26 where a catalytic reaction occurs in known manner. - In the embodiment of
SCR system 12 shown and described above, the mixing of the DEF with the exhaust gases occurs because of the mixing time associated with the longer flow path. To further assist in mixing of the DEF with the exhaust gases, an optional heater (such as a resistive type heater) 42 (shown in dashed lines inFIG. 2 ) may be provided at the rear or face oftarget plate 32. - Having described the preferred embodiment, it will become apparent that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (20)
1. An internal combustion (IC) engine, comprising:
an engine block including a plurality of combustion cylinders;
an exhaust system for receiving exhaust gases from said combustion cylinders, said exhaust system including an exhaust manifold and an exhaust conduit for conducting exhaust gas from the engine; and
an emissions control system, including:
a reduction agent doser having a tubular housing with an inside diameter, a target plate positioned crosswise in said housing and terminating at a distance from said inside diameter of said housing, said target plate directing a flow of the exhaust gas in a radially outward direction, a baffle positioned crosswise in said housing downstream from said target plate, said baffle terminating at said inside diameter of said housing and including a center opening for directing a flow of the exhaust gas in a radially inward direction, and a diffuser plate located downstream from said baffle, said diffuser plate terminating at said inside diameter of said housing; and
a catalytic reactor coupled with a downstream side of said reduction agent doser.
2. The IC engine of claim 1 , wherein said catalytic reactor has a flow path diameter which is approximately the same as said inside diameter of said housing.
3. The IC engine of claim 1 , wherein said target plate is a circular disk-shaped plate, and said baffle is annular shaped with a circular center opening.
4. The IC engine of claim 1 , wherein said catalytic reactor is directly coupled to a downstream side of said reduction agent doser.
5. The IC engine of claim 1 , wherein said target plate is a heated target plate.
6. The IC engine of claim 1 , wherein said diffuser plate is a perforated plate.
7. The IC engine of claim 1 , wherein said emissions control system includes a reduction agent injector for injecting a fluid reduction agent toward said target plate.
8. The IC engine of claim 1 , wherein said reduction agent doser is a urea doser.
9. A reduction agent doser for use in an emissions control system for an internal combustion (IC) engine, said reduction agent doser comprising:
a tubular housing with an inside diameter;
a target plate positioned crosswise in said housing and terminating at a distance from said inside diameter of said housing, said target plate directing a flow of exhaust gas in a radially outward direction;
a baffle positioned crosswise in said housing downstream from said target plate, said baffle terminating at said inside diameter of said housing and including a center opening for directing a flow of exhaust gas in a radially inward direction; and
a diffuser plate located downstream from said baffle, said diffuser plate terminating at said inside diameter of said housing.
10. The reduction agent doser of claim 9 , wherein said target plate is a circular disk-shaped plate, and said baffle is annular shaped with a circular center opening.
11. The reduction agent doser of claim 9 , wherein said target plate is a heated target plate.
12. The reduction agent doser of claim 9 , wherein said diffuser plate is a perforated plate.
13. The reduction agent doser of claim 9 , including a reduction agent injector for injecting a fluid reduction agent toward said target plate.
14. The reduction agent doser of claim 9 , wherein said reduction agent doser is a urea doser.
15. A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system for use with an internal combustion (IC) engine, comprising:
a reduction agent doser including:
a tubular housing with an inside diameter;
a target plate positioned crosswise in said housing and terminating at a distance from said inside diameter of said housing, said target plate directing a flow of exhaust gas in a radially outward direction;
a baffle positioned crosswise in said housing downstream from said target plate, said baffle terminating at said inside diameter of said housing and including a center opening for directing a flow of exhaust gas in a radially inward direction; and
a diffuser plate located downstream from said baffle, said diffuser plate terminating at said inside diameter of said housing; and
a catalytic reactor directly coupled with a downstream side of said reduction agent doser.
16. The reduction agent doser of claim 15 , wherein said target plate is a circular disk-shaped plate, and said baffle is annular shaped with a circular center opening.
17. The reduction agent doser of claim 15 , wherein said target plate is a heated target plate.
18. The reduction agent doser of claim 15 , wherein said diffuser plate is a perforated plate.
19. The reduction agent doser of claim 15 , wherein said reduction agent doser includes a reduction agent injector for injecting a fluid reduction agent toward said target plate.
20. The reduction agent doser of claim 15 , wherein said reduction agent doser is a urea doser.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/776,475 US20110271662A1 (en) | 2010-05-10 | 2010-05-10 | Compact reduction agent doser for use in an scr system of an internal combustion engine |
EP11164967.9A EP2386738B1 (en) | 2010-05-10 | 2011-05-05 | Compact reduction agent doser for use in an SCR system of an internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/776,475 US20110271662A1 (en) | 2010-05-10 | 2010-05-10 | Compact reduction agent doser for use in an scr system of an internal combustion engine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110271662A1 true US20110271662A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
Family
ID=44303703
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/776,475 Abandoned US20110271662A1 (en) | 2010-05-10 | 2010-05-10 | Compact reduction agent doser for use in an scr system of an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20110271662A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2386738B1 (en) |
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US8822887B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2014-09-02 | Shaw Arrow Development, LLC | Multi-mode heater for a diesel emission fluid tank |
USD729141S1 (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2015-05-12 | Shaw Development LLC | Diesel emissions fluid tank |
USD729722S1 (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2015-05-19 | Shaw Development LLC | Diesel emissions fluid tank floor |
US9163548B2 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2015-10-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust system including an exhaust manifold having an integrated mixer plate |
US9470132B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2016-10-18 | Cummins Emission Solutions, Inc. | Compact radial exterior exhaust assisted decomposition reactor pipe |
US9488081B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-11-08 | Caterpillar Inc. | Exhaust manifold assembly and system |
CN107456882A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-12 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | A kind of urea solution metering pump Liqiud-gas mixing device |
DE102017107687A1 (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-11 | Baumot Ag | Reducing agent generator |
WO2019018388A1 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-24 | Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. | Deposit reduction using interior surface finishing |
US10273854B1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2019-04-30 | Cnh Industrial America Llc | Exhaust system for a work vehicle |
US10563557B2 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2020-02-18 | Cnh Industrial America Llc | Exhaust system for a work vehicle |
US10961887B2 (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2021-03-30 | Deere & Company | Integrated reductant mixer and heater apparatus for exhaust treatment systems |
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JP6052247B2 (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-12-27 | 株式会社デンソー | Reducing agent addition device |
DE102016107213A1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-07 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Exhaust system, in particular for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle |
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US8822887B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2014-09-02 | Shaw Arrow Development, LLC | Multi-mode heater for a diesel emission fluid tank |
US9163548B2 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2015-10-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust system including an exhaust manifold having an integrated mixer plate |
USD729141S1 (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2015-05-12 | Shaw Development LLC | Diesel emissions fluid tank |
USD729722S1 (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2015-05-19 | Shaw Development LLC | Diesel emissions fluid tank floor |
US9470132B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2016-10-18 | Cummins Emission Solutions, Inc. | Compact radial exterior exhaust assisted decomposition reactor pipe |
US9488081B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-11-08 | Caterpillar Inc. | Exhaust manifold assembly and system |
DE102017107687A1 (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-11 | Baumot Ag | Reducing agent generator |
WO2019018388A1 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-24 | Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. | Deposit reduction using interior surface finishing |
CN110892137A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-03-17 | 康明斯排放处理公司 | Reduction of deposits using internal surface finishing |
GB2578848A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-05-27 | Cummins Emission Solutions Inc | Deposit reduction using interior surface finishing |
US11230954B2 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2022-01-25 | Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. | Deposit reduction using interior surface finishing |
GB2578848B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2022-12-21 | Cummins Emission Solutions Inc | Deposit reduction using interior surface finishing |
CN107456882A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-12 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | A kind of urea solution metering pump Liqiud-gas mixing device |
US10273854B1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2019-04-30 | Cnh Industrial America Llc | Exhaust system for a work vehicle |
US10563557B2 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2020-02-18 | Cnh Industrial America Llc | Exhaust system for a work vehicle |
US10961887B2 (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2021-03-30 | Deere & Company | Integrated reductant mixer and heater apparatus for exhaust treatment systems |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2386738A1 (en) | 2011-11-16 |
EP2386738B1 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
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