US20110171008A1 - Turbocharger and adjustment ring therefor - Google Patents
Turbocharger and adjustment ring therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110171008A1 US20110171008A1 US13/062,770 US200913062770A US2011171008A1 US 20110171008 A1 US20110171008 A1 US 20110171008A1 US 200913062770 A US200913062770 A US 200913062770A US 2011171008 A1 US2011171008 A1 US 2011171008A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- adjustment ring
- turbocharger
- exhaust gas
- resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
- F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
- F01D17/165—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for radial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially parallel to the rotor centre line
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/22—Control of the pumps by varying cross-section of exhaust passages or air passages, e.g. by throttling turbine inlets or outlets or by varying effective number of guide conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
Definitions
- the invention relates to an adjustment ring for turbocharger applications, particularly in a diesel engine, according to the preamble of claim 1 , and also to an exhaust gas turbocharger having an adjustment ring, according to the preamble of claim 5 .
- Exhaust gas turbochargers are systems for increasing the power of piston engines.
- an exhaust gas turbocharger the energy of the exhaust gases is utilized in order to increase the power.
- the power increase results from a rise in the mixture throughput per working stroke.
- a turbocharger consists essentially of an exhaust gas turbine with a shaft and compressor, the compressor arranged in the intake tract of the engine being connected to the shaft, and the blade wheels located in the casing of the exhaust gas turbine and in the compressor rotating.
- adjustable blades are additionally mounted rotatably in a blade bearing ring and are moved by means of an adjustment ring arranged in the turbine casing of the turbocharger.
- the adjustment ring has to satisfy extremely stringent material requirements.
- the material forming the adjustment ring must be heat-resistant, that is to say still show sufficient strength even at very high temperatures of up to about 900° C.
- the material must have high wear resistance and also corresponding oxidation resistance, so that the corrosion or wear of the material is reduced, and, consequently, the resistance of the material under the extreme working conditions is still ensured.
- These physical properties of the material are also to be reflected in the component, that is to say the adjustment ring.
- Heat-resistant materials for exhaust gas turbochargers or their individual components are known from EP 1 396 620 A1. What is considered suitable here is a material which has a specific composition, the surface of the components being capable of being coated with a chrome carbide layer, and the material having a low fraction of small, non-metallic inclusions. A heat resistance of the turbocharger or of its individual components of up to 700° C. or more is thereby to be achieved.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an adjustment ring according to the preamble of claim 1 or a turbocharger according to the preamble of claim 5 , which has improved temperature and oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance under extreme temperatures, and also corresponding wet corrosion resistance, which is distinguished by optimal tribological properties and, moreover, which exhibits a reduced susceptibility to wear.
- An adjustment ring is thus provided, or an exhaust gas turbocharger is provided which contains the adjustment ring according to the invention which has optimal temperature resistance in the range of up to 900° C., furthermore is highly heat-resistant, has high wear and corrosion resistance and, moreover, is also distinguished by very good sliding properties, along with reduced oxidizability.
- the adjustment ring according to the invention remains dimensionally stable and therefore highly planar, that is to say is distinguished by a high strength of the material forming it.
- carbide precipitations in the form of dendrites increase the stability of the iron-based alloy in that they form in the microstructure of the material fine ramifications which perform a supporting action, so that, consequently, the strength of the material and therefore the strength of the adjustment ring according to the invention are markedly increased on account of the unique structure of the latter.
- the dispersions of the element nitrogen in the form of nitride structures in this case additionally increase the wear performance and corrosion resistance.
- the maximum wear rate of the adjustment ring according to the invention in this case amounts to less than 0.14 mm for a bearing load of about 40 N/mm 2 , a sliding speed of 0.0025 m/s, a component temperature of about 500 to 900° C., a surface roughness Rz of 6.3, a test duration of 500 hours, a clock frequency of 0.2 Hz, an adjustment angle of 45°, a coefficient of friction of 0.28, a journal diameter of 4.7 mm, a pressure pulsation of more than 200 mbar and an exhaust gas pressure of more than 1.5 bar, with a diesel exhaust gas as the test medium.
- the material plainness of the adjustment ring according to the invention amounts to less than 0.14 mm in the case of a circumference with the diameter of 80 mm.
- the material of the adjustment ring according to the invention has a carbide hardness of the dendritic carbide precipitations of 450 HV1. This very high value ensures the deformation resistance and high wear resistance of the material.
- the material of the adjustment ring according to the invention can be welded by means of conventional welding methods such as WIG, plasma and also EB methods.
- the adjustment ring is distinguished by a specific composition which contains the components C: 0.4 to 1.7% by weight, Cr: 23 to 43% by weight, Ni: 5 to 15% by weight, Mn: 8 to 16% by weight, Si: ⁇ 1.3% by weight, Mo: 0.45 to 4% by weight, W: 0.3 to 3.1% by weight, and Fe.
- the adjustment ring according to the invention consists of a material which contains the following elements: C: 0.6 to 1.5% by weight, Cr: 26 to 38% by weight, Ni: 5 to 13% by weight, Mn: 10 to 14.5% by weight, Si: ⁇ 1% by weight, Mo: 0.75 to 3.5% by weight, W: 0.5 to 2.6% by weight, and Fe.
- An adjustment ring produced in this way shows not only the high heat resistance of up to 900° C., but also markedly improved sliding properties.
- the sliding wear is minimized here.
- the corrosion resistance and, in particular, also the oxidation resistance are maximized.
- the adjustment ring according to the invention or the material forming it, the iron-based alloy is free of sigma phases.
- Sigma phases are brittle, intermetallic phases of high hardness. They arise when a body-centered cubic metal and a face-centered cubic metal, the atomic radii of which are identical with a slight deviation, meet one another. Such sigma phases are undesirable because of their embattling action and also on account of the property of the matrix to extract chrome.
- the material according to the invention is distinguished in that it is free of sigma phases. This counteracts the embrittlement of the material and increases its durability.
- the reduction or avoidance of sigma phases is achieved in that the silicon content in the alloy material is lowered to less than 1.3% by weight and preferably to less than 1% by weight. Furthermore, it is advantageous here to employ austenite formers, such as, for example, manganese, nitrogen and nickel, if appropriate in combination.
- Claim 5 defines, as an independently handleable article, an exhaust gas turbocharger which, as already described, comprises an adjustment ring which consists of an austenitic basic structure and which has or contains dendritic carbide precipitations.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view, illustrated partially in section, of an exhaust gas turbocharger according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the turbocharger 1 according to the invention which has a turbine casing 2 and a compressor casing 3 connected thereto via a bearing casing 28 .
- the casings 2 , 3 and 28 are arranged along an axis of rotation R.
- the turbine casing is shown partially in section, in order to make clear the arrangement of a blade bearing ring 6 and a radially outer guide blade cascade 18 which is formed by the latter and which has a plurality of adjustable blades 7 distributed over the circumference and having rotary axes 8 .
- Nozzle cross sections are thereby formed, which are larger or smaller, depending on the position of the adjustable blades 7 , and which act upon the turbine rotor 4 , located in the center on the axis of rotation R, to a greater or lesser extent with the engine exhaust gas supplied via a supply duct 9 and discharged via a central connection piece 10 , in order via the turbine rotor 4 to drive a compressor rotor 17 seated on the same shaft.
- an actuating device 11 is provided. This may per se be of any desired design, but a preferred embodiment has a control casing 12 which controls the control movement of a tappet member 14 fastened to it, in order to convert the movement of said tappet member on an adjustment ring 5 located behind the blade bearing ring 6 into a slight rotational movement of said adjustment ring. Between the blade bearing ring 6 and an annular part 15 of the turbine casing 2 , a free space 13 for the adjustable blades 7 is formed. So that this free space 13 can be safeguarded, the blade bearing ring 6 has spacers 16 .
- An alloy was produced from the following elements according to a customary method, an adjustment ring according to the invention being formed from this alloy.
- the chemical analysis gave the following values for the elements: C: 0.7 to 1.2% by weight; Cr: 27 to 33% by weight; Ni: 7 to 11% by weight; Mn: 10 to 14% by weight; Si: max. 1% by weight; Mo: 0.75 to 1.7% by weight; W: 0.5 to 1.5% by weight; the rest: iron.
- the adjustment ring produced according to this example was distinguished by a tensile strength R m of 805 MPa (ASTM E 8M/EN 10002-1; at increased temperature: EN 10002-5).
- the yield point R p 0.2 (measured according to standard methods) amounted to 661 MPa.
- the elongation at break of the material (measured according to standard methods) amounted to 5.2%.
- the hardness of the material (measured according to ASTM E 92/ISO 6507-1) amounted to 364 HB.
- the coefficient of linear expansion (measured according to standard methods) amounted to 17.8 K ⁇ 1 (20 to 900° C.).
- the material was subjected to a validation test series which comprised the following tests:
- the component was distinguished, in all the tests, by excellent resistance to the acting forces.
- the material thus had extremely high wear resistance and outstanding oxidation resistance, so that corrosion and wear of the material under the specified conditions were markedly reduced, and, consequently, the resistance of the material was still ensured even over a long period of time.
- the component according to the invention was subjected to a thermal cycle test, the thermal shocks being operated as follows:
Abstract
An adjustment ring for turbocharger applications, particularly in diesel engines, is described, which consists of an iron-based alloy with an austenitic basic structure with dendritic carbide precipitations.
Description
- The invention relates to an adjustment ring for turbocharger applications, particularly in a diesel engine, according to the preamble of claim 1, and also to an exhaust gas turbocharger having an adjustment ring, according to the preamble of
claim 5. - Exhaust gas turbochargers are systems for increasing the power of piston engines. In an exhaust gas turbocharger, the energy of the exhaust gases is utilized in order to increase the power. The power increase results from a rise in the mixture throughput per working stroke.
- A turbocharger consists essentially of an exhaust gas turbine with a shaft and compressor, the compressor arranged in the intake tract of the engine being connected to the shaft, and the blade wheels located in the casing of the exhaust gas turbine and in the compressor rotating. In a turbocharger with variable turbine geometry, adjustable blades are additionally mounted rotatably in a blade bearing ring and are moved by means of an adjustment ring arranged in the turbine casing of the turbocharger.
- The adjustment ring has to satisfy extremely stringent material requirements. The material forming the adjustment ring must be heat-resistant, that is to say still show sufficient strength even at very high temperatures of up to about 900° C. Furthermore, the material must have high wear resistance and also corresponding oxidation resistance, so that the corrosion or wear of the material is reduced, and, consequently, the resistance of the material under the extreme working conditions is still ensured. These physical properties of the material are also to be reflected in the component, that is to say the adjustment ring.
- Heat-resistant materials for exhaust gas turbochargers or their individual components are known from EP 1 396 620 A1. What is considered suitable here is a material which has a specific composition, the surface of the components being capable of being coated with a chrome carbide layer, and the material having a low fraction of small, non-metallic inclusions. A heat resistance of the turbocharger or of its individual components of up to 700° C. or more is thereby to be achieved.
- By contrast, the object of the present invention is to provide an adjustment ring according to the preamble of claim 1 or a turbocharger according to the preamble of
claim 5, which has improved temperature and oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance under extreme temperatures, and also corresponding wet corrosion resistance, which is distinguished by optimal tribological properties and, moreover, which exhibits a reduced susceptibility to wear. - The object is achieved by means of the features of claim 1 and claim 5.
- By virtue of the design according to the invention of an adjustment ring or an exhaust gas turbocharger comprising just such an adjustment ring, a better temperature resistance of the component is achieved. This is increased further by a multiple by means of the dendritic carbide precipitations contained in the iron-based alloy, that is to say a carbide microstructure contained in the iron-based alloy and having a high ramification of the M23C6 carbide structure and, furthermore, dispersions of nitrogen in the form of nitride structures. An adjustment ring is thus provided, or an exhaust gas turbocharger is provided which contains the adjustment ring according to the invention which has optimal temperature resistance in the range of up to 900° C., furthermore is highly heat-resistant, has high wear and corrosion resistance and, moreover, is also distinguished by very good sliding properties, along with reduced oxidizability.
- Furthermore, the adjustment ring according to the invention remains dimensionally stable and therefore highly planar, that is to say is distinguished by a high strength of the material forming it.
- Without being involved in theory, it is presumed that carbide precipitations in the form of dendrites increase the stability of the iron-based alloy in that they form in the microstructure of the material fine ramifications which perform a supporting action, so that, consequently, the strength of the material and therefore the strength of the adjustment ring according to the invention are markedly increased on account of the unique structure of the latter. The dispersions of the element nitrogen in the form of nitride structures in this case additionally increase the wear performance and corrosion resistance.
- The maximum wear rate of the adjustment ring according to the invention in this case amounts to less than 0.14 mm for a bearing load of about 40 N/mm2, a sliding speed of 0.0025 m/s, a component temperature of about 500 to 900° C., a surface roughness Rz of 6.3, a test duration of 500 hours, a clock frequency of 0.2 Hz, an adjustment angle of 45°, a coefficient of friction of 0.28, a journal diameter of 4.7 mm, a pressure pulsation of more than 200 mbar and an exhaust gas pressure of more than 1.5 bar, with a diesel exhaust gas as the test medium.
- During a thermal shock cycle test with a test time of 300 hours, the material plainness of the adjustment ring according to the invention amounts to less than 0.14 mm in the case of a circumference with the diameter of 80 mm.
- The material of the adjustment ring according to the invention has a carbide hardness of the dendritic carbide precipitations of 450 HV1. This very high value ensures the deformation resistance and high wear resistance of the material.
- The material of the adjustment ring according to the invention can be welded by means of conventional welding methods such as WIG, plasma and also EB methods.
- The subclaims contain advantageous developments of the invention.
- In one embodiment, the adjustment ring is distinguished by a specific composition which contains the components C: 0.4 to 1.7% by weight, Cr: 23 to 43% by weight, Ni: 5 to 15% by weight, Mn: 8 to 16% by weight, Si: ≦1.3% by weight, Mo: 0.45 to 4% by weight, W: 0.3 to 3.1% by weight, and Fe.
- The influence of the individual elements on an iron-based alloy is known, but it was then found, surprisingly, that exactly the composition described produces a material which, when processed into an adjustment ring, has a particularly balanced property profile. By means of this composition according to the invention, an adjustment ring with particularly high heat resistance and temperature resistance, even up to 900° C., is obtained, which is distinguished by very good sliding properties and therefore very low sliding wear or wear due to attrition. Moreover, the corrosion resistance is improved, and this also particularly applies to wet corrosion. The material and consequently the adjustment ring according to the invention are, moreover, highly dimensionally stable, and the material therefore has high strength and deformation resistance.
- These properties can even be improved. For this purpose, in one embodiment, the adjustment ring according to the invention consists of a material which contains the following elements: C: 0.6 to 1.5% by weight, Cr: 26 to 38% by weight, Ni: 5 to 13% by weight, Mn: 10 to 14.5% by weight, Si: ≦1% by weight, Mo: 0.75 to 3.5% by weight, W: 0.5 to 2.6% by weight, and Fe.
- An adjustment ring produced in this way shows not only the high heat resistance of up to 900° C., but also markedly improved sliding properties. The sliding wear is minimized here. Moreover, here, the corrosion resistance and, in particular, also the oxidation resistance are maximized. These properties accompany the very good dimensional stability and deformation resistance of the adjustment ring according to the invention at high temperatures.
- A material produced in this way, and consequently the adjustment ring according to the invention, thus have the following properties:
-
Mechanical properties Value Measurement method Tensile strength Rm >795 MPa ASTM E 8M/ EN 10002-1; at increased temperature: EN 10002-5 Yield point Rp0.2 >650 MPa Standard method Elongation at break >5% Standard method Hardness 300 to 385 HB ASTM E 92/ISO 6507-1 Coefficient of linear 16 to 19 K−1 Standard method expansion (20 to 900° C.) - According to a further embodiment of the invention, the adjustment ring according to the invention or the material forming it, the iron-based alloy, is free of sigma phases. Sigma phases are brittle, intermetallic phases of high hardness. They arise when a body-centered cubic metal and a face-centered cubic metal, the atomic radii of which are identical with a slight deviation, meet one another. Such sigma phases are undesirable because of their embattling action and also on account of the property of the matrix to extract chrome. According to this further advantageous embodiment, therefore, the material according to the invention is distinguished in that it is free of sigma phases. This counteracts the embrittlement of the material and increases its durability. The reduction or avoidance of sigma phases is achieved in that the silicon content in the alloy material is lowered to less than 1.3% by weight and preferably to less than 1% by weight. Furthermore, it is advantageous here to employ austenite formers, such as, for example, manganese, nitrogen and nickel, if appropriate in combination.
-
Claim 5 defines, as an independently handleable article, an exhaust gas turbocharger which, as already described, comprises an adjustment ring which consists of an austenitic basic structure and which has or contains dendritic carbide precipitations. -
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view, illustrated partially in section, of an exhaust gas turbocharger according to the invention.FIG. 1 illustrates the turbocharger 1 according to the invention which has aturbine casing 2 and acompressor casing 3 connected thereto via abearing casing 28. Thecasings blade bearing ring 6 and a radially outerguide blade cascade 18 which is formed by the latter and which has a plurality ofadjustable blades 7 distributed over the circumference and havingrotary axes 8. Nozzle cross sections are thereby formed, which are larger or smaller, depending on the position of theadjustable blades 7, and which act upon theturbine rotor 4, located in the center on the axis of rotation R, to a greater or lesser extent with the engine exhaust gas supplied via asupply duct 9 and discharged via acentral connection piece 10, in order via theturbine rotor 4 to drive acompressor rotor 17 seated on the same shaft. - In order to control the movements or position of the
adjustable blades 7, an actuating device 11 is provided. This may per se be of any desired design, but a preferred embodiment has acontrol casing 12 which controls the control movement of a tappet member 14 fastened to it, in order to convert the movement of said tappet member on anadjustment ring 5 located behind the blade bearingring 6 into a slight rotational movement of said adjustment ring. Between the blade bearingring 6 and anannular part 15 of theturbine casing 2, afree space 13 for theadjustable blades 7 is formed. So that thisfree space 13 can be safeguarded, the blade bearingring 6 hasspacers 16. - An alloy was produced from the following elements according to a customary method, an adjustment ring according to the invention being formed from this alloy. The chemical analysis gave the following values for the elements: C: 0.7 to 1.2% by weight; Cr: 27 to 33% by weight; Ni: 7 to 11% by weight; Mn: 10 to 14% by weight; Si: max. 1% by weight; Mo: 0.75 to 1.7% by weight; W: 0.5 to 1.5% by weight; the rest: iron.
- The adjustment ring produced according to this example was distinguished by a tensile strength Rm of 805 MPa (ASTM E 8M/EN 10002-1; at increased temperature: EN 10002-5). The yield point Rp 0.2 (measured according to standard methods) amounted to 661 MPa. The elongation at break of the material (measured according to standard methods) amounted to 5.2%. The hardness of the material (measured according to ASTM E 92/ISO 6507-1) amounted to 364 HB. The coefficient of linear expansion (measured according to standard methods) amounted to 17.8 K−1 (20 to 900° C.). The material was subjected to a validation test series which comprised the following tests:
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- outdoor exposure test
- changing climate test
- thermal shock test/cycle test—300 h
- hot gas corrosion test in a fission furnace.
- The component was distinguished, in all the tests, by excellent resistance to the acting forces. The material thus had extremely high wear resistance and outstanding oxidation resistance, so that corrosion and wear of the material under the specified conditions were markedly reduced, and, consequently, the resistance of the material was still ensured even over a long period of time.
- Thermal cycle test:
- The component according to the invention was subjected to a thermal cycle test, the thermal shocks being operated as follows:
- 1. Use of stationary rotors;
2. 2-turbocharger operation;
3. Test duration: 350 h (approximately 2000 cycles);
4. During the entire test the exhaust gas flap in the turbochargers remains open at 15°;
5. High temperature: nominal power point T3=750° C., turbocharger mass flow on the turbine side: 0.5 kg/s;
6. Low temperature: T3=100° C., turbocharger mass flow on the turbine side: 0.5 kg/s;
7. Cycle duration: 2×5 min. (10 min.);
8. Execution of three intermediate crack tests. -
- 1 Turbocharger
- 2 Turbine casing
- 3 Compressor casing
- 4 Turbine rotor
- 5 Adjustment ring
- 6 Blade bearing ring
- 7 Adjustable blades
- 8 Rotary axes
- 9 Supply duct
- 10 Axial connection piece
- 11 Actuating device
- 12 Control casing
- 13 Free space for
adjustable blades 7 - 14 Tappet member
- 15 Annular part of the
turbine casing 2 - 16 Spacer/spacing boss
- 17 Compressor rotor
- 18 Guide blade cascade
- 28 Bearing casing
- R Axis of rotation
Claims (8)
1. An adjustment ring for turbocharger application, particularly in diesel engines, consisting of an iron-based alloy with an austenitic basic structure and dendritic carbide precipitations.
2. The adjustment ring as claimed in claim 1 , which contains the following components:
C: 0.4 to 1.7% by weight, Cr: 23 to 43% by weight, Ni: 5 to 15% by weight,
Mn: 8 to 16% by weight, Si: ≦1.3% by weight, Mo: 0.45 to 4% by weight,
W: 0.3 to 3.1% by weight, and Fe.
3. The adjustment ring, as claimed in claim 1 , which contains the following components:
C: 0.6 to 1.5% by weight, Cr: 26 to 38% by weight, Ni: 5 to 13% by weight,
Mn: 10 to 14.5% by weight, Si: ≦1% by weight, Mo: 0.75 to 3.5% by weight,
W: 0.5 to 2.6% by weight, and Fe.
4. The adjustment ring as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the iron-based alloy is free of sigma phases.
5. An exhaust gas turbocharger, particularly for diesel engines, comprising an adjustment ring consisting of an iron-based alloy with an austenitic basic structure and dendritic carbide precipitations.
6. The exhaust gas turbocharger as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the adjustment ring contains the following components:
C: 0.4 to 1.7% by weight, Cr: 23 to 43% by weight, Ni: 5 to 15% by weight,
Mn: 8 to 16% by weight, Si: ≦1.3% by weight, Mo: 0.45 to 4% by weight,
W: 0.3 to 3.1% by weight, and Fe.
7. The exhaust gas turbocharger as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the adjustment ring contains the following components:
C: 0.6 to 1.5% by weight, Cr: 26 to 38% by weight, Ni: 5 to 13% by weight,
Mn: 10 to 14.5% by weight, Si: ≦1% by weight, Mo: 0.75 to 3.5% by weight,
W: 0.5 to 2.6% by weight, and Fe.
8. The exhaust gas turbocharger as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the material of the adjustment ring is free of sigma phases.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008048885.2 | 2008-09-25 | ||
DE102008048885 | 2008-09-25 | ||
PCT/US2009/057620 WO2010036591A2 (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2009-09-21 | Turbocharger and adjustment ring therefor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110171008A1 true US20110171008A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
Family
ID=42060371
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/062,770 Abandoned US20110171008A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2009-09-21 | Turbocharger and adjustment ring therefor |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110171008A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2012503744A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20110063664A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102149911A (en) |
DE (1) | DE112009002021T5 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010036591A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140255245A1 (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2014-09-11 | Borgwarner Inc. | Turbocharger and a component therefor |
US20180016930A1 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-18 | Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Adjustment ring of a variable turbine geometry |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103534374B (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2016-04-06 | 博格华纳公司 | Austenite ferrous alloy, the turbo-supercharger be made up of it and parts |
CN103614663A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-05 | 柳城县鼎铭金属制品有限公司 | Wear-resistant alloy and application thereof |
DE102020202736A1 (en) | 2020-03-04 | 2021-09-09 | Mahle International Gmbh | Metallic material |
DE102020128884A1 (en) | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-05 | BMTS Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Austenitic steel alloy and turbine housing or turbine housing component for an exhaust gas turbocharger |
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- 2009-09-21 CN CN2009801355268A patent/CN102149911A/en active Pending
- 2009-09-21 DE DE112009002021T patent/DE112009002021T5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-21 JP JP2011529140A patent/JP2012503744A/en active Pending
- 2009-09-21 KR KR1020117007985A patent/KR20110063664A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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US9359938B2 (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2016-06-07 | Borgwarner Inc. | Turbocharger and a component therefor |
US20180016930A1 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-18 | Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Adjustment ring of a variable turbine geometry |
US10633999B2 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2020-04-28 | BMTS Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Adjustment ring of a variable turbine geometry |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112009002021T5 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
WO2010036591A2 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
JP2012503744A (en) | 2012-02-09 |
CN102149911A (en) | 2011-08-10 |
WO2010036591A3 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
KR20110063664A (en) | 2011-06-13 |
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