US20110108171A1 - Desensitisation of energetic materials - Google Patents
Desensitisation of energetic materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110108171A1 US20110108171A1 US12/923,411 US92341110A US2011108171A1 US 20110108171 A1 US20110108171 A1 US 20110108171A1 US 92341110 A US92341110 A US 92341110A US 2011108171 A1 US2011108171 A1 US 2011108171A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- energetic
- plasticiser
- binder
- intermediate material
- azide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
- C06B45/22—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
- C06B21/0025—Compounding the ingredient the ingredient being a polymer bonded explosive or thermic component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
- C06B45/105—The resin being a polymer bearing energetic groups or containing a soluble organic explosive
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
- C06B45/22—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
- C06B45/24—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound the compound being an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
Definitions
- This invention relates to the desensitisation of energetic crystalline materials, in particular hexanitrohexaazaisowurtizane (HNIW) (also designated CL20) but also other nitramine explosives such as cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX).
- HNIW hexanitrohexaazaisowurtizane
- RDX cyclotrimethylene trinitramine
- HMX cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine
- HNIW comprises a high density caged molecule recognised as a suitable energetic filler for propellant materials and explosives. Its use as a potential replacement for existing fillers such as RDX and HMX in cast double base, composite and novel propellants and other explosive materials has been postulated.
- Propellant compositions used for launching relatively high mass projectiles are desirably highly energetic and energetically dense i.e. a small volume of the material will produce high potential kinetic energy via rapid gasification on ignition.
- a propellant composition comprises three component materials; an energetic filler, a plasticiser and a binder, the latter two components primarily provide the desirable mechanical properties of the resultant propellant material.
- Choice of plasticiser and binder for a particular energetic filler will depend on a number of factors such as the projection range for the projectile, the extremes of temperature under which the end product is expected to operate and the chemical and physical interactions of the materials.
- solid propellant materials such as those based on Ammonium Perchlorate, Hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (binder) and dioctyl sebacate (plasticiser) are manufactured by a dry mixing and blending process: this means that no additional desensitising solvent s (e.g. water) are added to this mix other than those that will be incorporated into the final propellant formulation.
- This dry mix once manufactured, is treated to facilitate curing of the binder material to provide the desirable mechanical properties for the propellant material.
- This method is generally considered preferable to a wet mixing process (where additional solvent is included as transport media or processing aid or as a desensitiser to improve safety) as it provides better homogeneity of mixing, and minimises delays in cleaning mixing equipment or drying out of the mixed end product prior to further processing (e.g. casting and curing).
- existing propellant materials comprise around 6% by weight plasticiser to 85% by weight energetic filler.
- the propellant material will also generally comprise around 9% by total weight of binder and other filler materials.
- HNIW is a highly friction sensitive material having a rotary friction test Figure of Friction (F of F) of 0.7 and produces a highly ferocious response on reaction via friction stimuli.
- F of F rotary friction test Figure of Friction
- the exceptionally low F of F of HNIW poses a considerable risk in the initial process of dry mixing the plasticiser, binder and filler, as is conventional in solid propellant manufacture.
- the low FofF value excludes the use of CL20 in large scale propellant manufacture in some explosive companies.
- the manufacturer is challenged with the task of providing a safe process by which HNIW can be incorporated into explosive and propellant materials whilst having minimal effect on the overall performance characteristics of the end product.
- the invention is an energetic material comprising an energetic crystalline material substantially coated in an energetic plasticiser material.
- the energetic crystalline material is particulate, the energetic plasticiser substantially coating individual particles of the energetic crystalline material.
- the energetic material is advantageously in powder form, the powder comprising particles of energetic crystalline material substantially coated in an energetic plasticiser material.
- the energetic material comprises from 90 to 99% by weight of an energetic crystalline material and from 1 to 10% by weight of an energetic plasticiser material.
- plasticiser addition leads to a reduction in the friction sensitivity of the energetic crystalline material to equivalent or less than that of many commonly used energetic filler materials such as ammonium perchlorate and secondly, the plasticiser addition also results in reduced ferocity of response on stimulation.
- novel intermediate of the energetic crystalline material and plasticiser tan then be more safely used as a starting material for the dry mixing/blending/curing processes previously described used in the manufacture of known propellant and explosive compositions.
- an energetic material comprising an energetic crystalline material/energetic plasticiser mix
- the energetic crystalline material and energetic plasticiser material are mixed via a wet mixing process with the plasticiser material being added to, for example, water wet HNIW.
- the inherent characteristics of wet mixing reduces the friction arising within the mixture during the mixing process and thus minimises the risk of explosive reaction in the energetic crystalline material by friction stimuli.
- the water wet, plasticised energetic crystalline material mix can be left to dry to a powdery state, the resultant dry powder formed being finely coated with the energetic plasticiser component.
- the resultant energetic crystalline material/energetic plasticiser mixture formed is a relatively friction insensitive energetic material when compared against pure, dry energetic crystalline material.
- the inventors have found that the combination of just a small quantity of plasticiser material to an energetic crystalline material such as HNIW in manufacture of an explosive or propellant composition has an unexpected and advantageous effect of reducing the friction sensitivity of HNIW to equivalent or less than that of commonly used energetic filler materials such as Ammonium perchlorate or HMX.
- the resultant novel-intermediate products manufactured by this desensitisation method can then be more safely used as a starting material for the dry mixing/blending/curing processes conventionally used in the manufacture of known propellant and explosive compositions.
- These novel intermediate products are also more safely handled and transported than the pure product.
- Another unexpected yet advantageous characteristic of these novel materials is that, once initiated, they display a reduced ferocity of response compared to that of the pure product.
- the energetic plasticiser is preferably selected from the group comprising Butane Triol trinitrate (BTTN), Trimethylanol ethane trinitrate (TMETN), Diazidonitrazapentane (DANPE), Glycidyl Azide Polymer (Azide Derivative) (GAP Azide), Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)formal (BDNPA/F) or mixtures of two or more of these plasticisers. As well as bringing about the desired desensitisation effect, these plasticisers add energy to the propellant system compared to the use of inert analogues.
- BTTN Butane Triol trinitrate
- TMETN Trimethylanol ethane trinitrate
- DANPE Diazidonitrazapentane
- GAP Azide Glycidyl Azide Polymer
- BDNPA/F Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/bis(
- the intermediate material produced has a higher energy density compared to inert analogues: this is a desirable characteristic of materials for use in rocketry/explosive programs as all constituents of the subsequent explosive/propellant formulation manufactured using the intermediate contribute energetically to the final formulation.
- the use of energetic crystalline materials desensitised with energetically inert plasticisers would have comparatively less energy than that of the proposed, energetic plasticisers formulations.
- the energetic plasticiser material may comprise 100% of any of the plasticisers listed above, mixtures of those plasticisers listed above or optionally may be a blend of energetic plasticiser and a binder material (e.g. Poly(3-Nitratomethyl-3-Methyloxetane) (PolyNIMMO), Poly Glycidyl Nitrate (PolyGLYN) or Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP)) of proportions encompassing from minimum quantity of 10% by weight plasticiser to 90% binder, to 100% plasticiser to 0% binder.
- a binder material e.g. Poly(3-Nitratomethyl-3-Methyloxetane) (PolyNIMMO), Poly Glycidyl Nitrate (PolyGLYN) or Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP)
- a binder material e.g. Poly(3-Nitratomethyl-3-Methyloxetane) (PolyNIMMO), Poly Glycidyl Nitrate
- the novel energetic material will comprise between 1% and 5% by weight of energetic plasticiser material and most preferably between 3% and 5% by weight of energetic plasticiser material.
- the energetic plasticiser material will comprise between 30% and 100% energetic plasticiser and 70% to 0% binder. Most preferably the plasticiser content will be in the range 60% to 100%.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacture of a highly energetic, intermediate material based on a energetic crystalline material desensitised for safe incorporation into propellant or explosive formulations.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacture of a propellant material containing an energetic crystalline material comprising;
- the energetic plasticiser material preferably contains a plasticiser selected from Butane Triol trinitrate (BTTN), Trimethylanol ethane trinitrate (TMETN), Diazidonitrazapentane (DANPE), Glycidyl Azide Polymer (Azide Derivative) (GAP Azide), Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) formal (BDNPA/F) or mixtures of two or more of these plasticisers.
- BTTN Butane Triol trinitrate
- TMETN Trimethylanol ethane trinitrate
- DANPE Diazidonitrazapentane
- GAP Azide Glycidyl Azide Polymer
- BDNPA/F Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) formal
- the invention is an explosive or propellant composition made from a an energetic material comprising;
Abstract
An energetic material comprises an energetic crystalline material substantially coated in an energetic plasticiser material.
-
- Advantageously the energetic material comprises from 90 to 99% by weight of an energetic crystalline material and from 1 to 10% by weight of an energetic plasticiser material comprising a plasticiser selected from the group comprising Butane Triol trinitrate (BUN), Trimethylanol ethane trinitrate (TMETN), Diazidonitrazapentane (DANPE), Glycidyl Azide Polymer (Azide Derivative) (GAP Azide), Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)formal (BDNPA/F) or mixtures of two or more of these plasticisers.
The inventors have found that the combination of just a small quantity of energetic plasticiser material to the energetic crystalline material prior to incorporation into the bulk plasticiser, binder and filler mixture of an explosive or propellant composition has unexpected and advantageous effects.
Description
- This invention relates to the desensitisation of energetic crystalline materials, in particular hexanitrohexaazaisowurtizane (HNIW) (also designated CL20) but also other nitramine explosives such as cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX).
- HNIW comprises a high density caged molecule recognised as a suitable energetic filler for propellant materials and explosives. Its use as a potential replacement for existing fillers such as RDX and HMX in cast double base, composite and novel propellants and other explosive materials has been postulated.
- Propellant compositions used for launching relatively high mass projectiles are desirably highly energetic and energetically dense i.e. a small volume of the material will produce high potential kinetic energy via rapid gasification on ignition. In general, such a propellant composition comprises three component materials; an energetic filler, a plasticiser and a binder, the latter two components primarily provide the desirable mechanical properties of the resultant propellant material. Choice of plasticiser and binder for a particular energetic filler will depend on a number of factors such as the projection range for the projectile, the extremes of temperature under which the end product is expected to operate and the chemical and physical interactions of the materials.
- However, aside from the functional performance of the propellant material as an end product, industrial manufacturers of novel materials must consider the safety issues associated with the incorporation and manufacture of these filler, binder or plasticiser materials into rocketry. Thus, whilst from a performance point of view an energetic material may appear desirable for use as either a binder, plasticiser or filler in the predicted propellant formulation, the material must be safe for incorporation, processing and transportation. If an unsafe energetic material was to be incorporated into a propellant or explosive system, the unsafe material might initiate during either the manufacturing process or during transportation of the end product. This initiation might be via accidental friction or impact stimulation leading to deflagration or possibly a deflagration to detonation transition within the explosive material sufficient to cause an unwanted premature explosion. For this reason of safety, most known propellant materials (e.g. Ammonium Perchlorate/hydroxy terminated polybutadiene based composite propellant) comprise, comparatively, energetically inert plasticiser and binder components.
- In general, solid propellant materials such as those based on Ammonium Perchlorate, Hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (binder) and dioctyl sebacate (plasticiser) are manufactured by a dry mixing and blending process: this means that no additional desensitising solvent s (e.g. water) are added to this mix other than those that will be incorporated into the final propellant formulation. This dry mix, once manufactured, is treated to facilitate curing of the binder material to provide the desirable mechanical properties for the propellant material. This method is generally considered preferable to a wet mixing process (where additional solvent is included as transport media or processing aid or as a desensitiser to improve safety) as it provides better homogeneity of mixing, and minimises delays in cleaning mixing equipment or drying out of the mixed end product prior to further processing (e.g. casting and curing).
- Typically, existing propellant materials comprise around 6% by weight plasticiser to 85% by weight energetic filler. The propellant material will also generally comprise around 9% by total weight of binder and other filler materials. HNIW is a highly friction sensitive material having a rotary friction test Figure of Friction (F of F) of 0.7 and produces a highly ferocious response on reaction via friction stimuli. The exceptionally low F of F of HNIW (when compared against other ingredients routinely used in propellant/explosive formulations) poses a considerable risk in the initial process of dry mixing the plasticiser, binder and filler, as is conventional in solid propellant manufacture. The low FofF value excludes the use of CL20 in large scale propellant manufacture in some explosive companies. Thus, the manufacturer is challenged with the task of providing a safe process by which HNIW can be incorporated into explosive and propellant materials whilst having minimal effect on the overall performance characteristics of the end product.
- In the first aspect, the invention is an energetic material comprising an energetic crystalline material substantially coated in an energetic plasticiser material.
- Preferably the energetic crystalline material is particulate, the energetic plasticiser substantially coating individual particles of the energetic crystalline material.
- The energetic material is advantageously in powder form, the powder comprising particles of energetic crystalline material substantially coated in an energetic plasticiser material.
- Advantageously the energetic material comprises from 90 to 99% by weight of an energetic crystalline material and from 1 to 10% by weight of an energetic plasticiser material.
- The inventors have found that the combination of just a small quantity of energetic plasticiser material to the energetic crystalline material prior to incorporation into the bulk plasticiser, binder and filler mixture of an explosive or propellant composition has two unexpected and advantageous effects. Firstly, plasticiser addition leads to a reduction in the friction sensitivity of the energetic crystalline material to equivalent or less than that of many commonly used energetic filler materials such as ammonium perchlorate and secondly, the plasticiser addition also results in reduced ferocity of response on stimulation. The resultant novel intermediate of the energetic crystalline material and plasticiser tan then be more safely used as a starting material for the dry mixing/blending/curing processes previously described used in the manufacture of known propellant and explosive compositions. These novel intermediate, plasticiser added energetic crystalline material products are also more safely handled and transported than the pure energetic crystalline material.
- In one particular method in accordance with the present invention, to manufacture an energetic material comprising an energetic crystalline material/energetic plasticiser mix, desirably the energetic crystalline material and energetic plasticiser material are mixed via a wet mixing process with the plasticiser material being added to, for example, water wet HNIW. The inherent characteristics of wet mixing reduces the friction arising within the mixture during the mixing process and thus minimises the risk of explosive reaction in the energetic crystalline material by friction stimuli. After mixing, the water wet, plasticised energetic crystalline material mix can be left to dry to a powdery state, the resultant dry powder formed being finely coated with the energetic plasticiser component. The resultant energetic crystalline material/energetic plasticiser mixture formed is a relatively friction insensitive energetic material when compared against pure, dry energetic crystalline material.
- The inventors have found that the combination of just a small quantity of plasticiser material to an energetic crystalline material such as HNIW in manufacture of an explosive or propellant composition has an unexpected and advantageous effect of reducing the friction sensitivity of HNIW to equivalent or less than that of commonly used energetic filler materials such as Ammonium perchlorate or HMX. The resultant novel-intermediate products manufactured by this desensitisation method can then be more safely used as a starting material for the dry mixing/blending/curing processes conventionally used in the manufacture of known propellant and explosive compositions. These novel intermediate products are also more safely handled and transported than the pure product. Another unexpected yet advantageous characteristic of these novel materials is that, once initiated, they display a reduced ferocity of response compared to that of the pure product.
- The energetic plasticiser is preferably selected from the group comprising Butane Triol trinitrate (BTTN), Trimethylanol ethane trinitrate (TMETN), Diazidonitrazapentane (DANPE), Glycidyl Azide Polymer (Azide Derivative) (GAP Azide), Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)formal (BDNPA/F) or mixtures of two or more of these plasticisers. As well as bringing about the desired desensitisation effect, these plasticisers add energy to the propellant system compared to the use of inert analogues. As a consequence, the intermediate material produced has a higher energy density compared to inert analogues: this is a desirable characteristic of materials for use in rocketry/explosive programs as all constituents of the subsequent explosive/propellant formulation manufactured using the intermediate contribute energetically to the final formulation. The use of energetic crystalline materials desensitised with energetically inert plasticisers would have comparatively less energy than that of the proposed, energetic plasticisers formulations.
- The energetic plasticiser material may comprise 100% of any of the plasticisers listed above, mixtures of those plasticisers listed above or optionally may be a blend of energetic plasticiser and a binder material (e.g. Poly(3-Nitratomethyl-3-Methyloxetane) (PolyNIMMO), Poly Glycidyl Nitrate (PolyGLYN) or Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP)) of proportions encompassing from minimum quantity of 10% by weight plasticiser to 90% binder, to 100% plasticiser to 0% binder. The term “energetic plasticiser material” as referred to hereinafter should be construed accordingly with the above description.
- Preferably, the novel energetic material will comprise between 1% and 5% by weight of energetic plasticiser material and most preferably between 3% and 5% by weight of energetic plasticiser material.
- For mixed binder/plasticiser systems, preferably the energetic plasticiser material will comprise between 30% and 100% energetic plasticiser and 70% to 0% binder. Most preferably the plasticiser content will be in the range 60% to 100%.
- Thus the present invention provides a method for manufacture of a highly energetic, intermediate material based on a energetic crystalline material desensitised for safe incorporation into propellant or explosive formulations.
- In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacture of a propellant material containing an energetic crystalline material comprising;
-
- (i) mixing 1 to 10% by weight of an energetic plasticiser material with 99 to 90% by weight of the energetic crystalline material,
- (ii) mixing and/or blending the resultant product of step (i) with additional quantities of plasticiser and binder material as appropriate for the end application of the propellant material,
- (iii) curing the resultant product of step (ii).
- The energetic plasticiser material preferably contains a plasticiser selected from Butane Triol trinitrate (BTTN), Trimethylanol ethane trinitrate (TMETN), Diazidonitrazapentane (DANPE), Glycidyl Azide Polymer (Azide Derivative) (GAP Azide), Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) formal (BDNPA/F) or mixtures of two or more of these plasticisers.
- In a third aspect the invention is an explosive or propellant composition made from a an energetic material comprising;
-
- (i) from 90 to 99% by weight HNIW; and
- (ii) from 1 to 10% by weight of an energetic plasticiser material comprising a plasticiser selected from the group comprising; Butane Triol trinitrate (BTTN), Trimethylanol ethane trinitrate (TMETN), Diazidonitrazapentane (DANPE), Glycidyl Azide Polymer (Azide Derivative) (GAP Azide), Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)formal (BDNPA/F), or mixtures of two or more of these components.
- In order to more fully illustrate the novel methods, products and applications of this invention and their associated advantages, experimental data for some specific embodiments of the invention are now given by way of exemplification only. Although all analyses were carried out using Epsilon form HNIW, it is anticipated that this method of desensitisation would be effective on other crystal polymorphs of HNIW as well as known energetic crystalline materials such as cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX).
- 1) Rotary friction testing of HNIW in the Epsilon crystal form was carried out and a Figure of Friction (FofF)=0.7 was achieved. The sample response during testing was a violent report and flash.
- 2) 0.25 g of TMETN stabilised with 1% 2-Nitrodiphenylamine (2NDPA) was added to 5 g of dry Epsilon form HNIW and mixed. The material formed was a light orange powder. The material was assessed by rotary friction and the FofF achieved=2.2. In addition to the reduction in friction sensitiveness, the violence of response was reduced from a violent report/flash for the pure HNIW material to a mild report without flash.
- 3) Replicate analysis of the formulation example given in example 2 were carried out with the substitution of TMETN with BUN, a mixture of BUN and TMETN, DANPE, GAP Azide, BDNPA/F, PolyNIMMO, PolyGLYN and GAP. All materials appeared as white/yellow powders. For these mixtures, the friction sensitiveness determined were established as given in Table 1.
-
TABLE 1 Sample FofF CL20:TMETN 2.2 CL20:BTTN 2.1 CL20:BTTN/TMETN (50/50) 2.4 CL20:GAP Azide 2.1 CL20:DANPE 1.9 CL20:PolyGLYN 2.2 CL20:PolyNIMMO 1.9 CL20:GAP 1.6 - 4) Replicate analysis of the formulation given in example 2 were carried out but with the substitution of TMETN with mixed binder: plasticiser formulations. All mixtures formed white/light yellow powders. For these mixtures, the friction sensitiveness determined were established as shown in Table 2:
-
TABLE 2 Solid Binder Plasticiser FofF CL20 PolyGLYN GAP Azide 2.7 CL20 PolyGLYN DANPE 2.5 CL20 PolyGLYN BTTN/TMETN (80:20) 2.7 CL20 PolyGLYN BDNPA/F 2.1 CL20 PolyNIMMO GAP Azide 2.9 CL20 PolyNIMMO DANPE 2.9 CL20 PolyNIMMO BTTN/TMETN (80:20) 3.1 CL20 PolyNIMMO BDNPA/F 2.4 CL20 GAP GAP Azide 2.8 CL20 GAP DANPE 2.7 CL20 GAP BTTN/TMETN (80:20) 2.8 CL20 GAP BDNPA/F 2.7 - 5) 40 g of CL20 was wetted to 25% moisture content with deionised water and mixed thoroughly. 2 g of TMETN (stabilised with 2% 2NDPA) was added and again mixed thoroughly. The final CL20/water/TMETN/2NDPA mixture was placed on the open bench to allow water evaporation and final water was removed under vacuum storage at 80° C. for 2 hours). Friction sensitiveness assessment of the dry powder formed was carried out and an FofF=2.4 determined.
- The skilled reader will understand that the principles involved in this invention may be equally applicable to any future energetic materials of a similar chemical nature to HNIW which are yet themselves to be manufactured.
Claims (21)
1-10. (canceled)
11. An intermediate material for a propellant composition, the intermediate material being in powder form and consisting of from 90 to 99 weight percent of a particulate energetic crystalline material and the remainder of said intermediate material consisting of an energetic plasticiser material, the energetic plasticizer material and only the energetic plasticiser material substantially coating the individual particles of the energetic crystalline material.
12. An intermediate material as claimed in claim 11 wherein the amount of energetic plasticiser material is between 1 and 5 weight percent.
13. An intermediate material as claimed in claim 11 wherein the amount of energetic plasticiser is between 3 and 5 weight percent.
14. An intermediate material as claimed in claim 11 wherein the energetic plasticiser material is selected from a group comprising Butane Triol trinitrate (BTTN), Trimethylanol ethane trinitrate (TMETN), Diazidonitrazapentane (DANPE), Glycidyl Azide Polymer (Azide Derivative) (GAP Azide), Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/bis(2,2-dinitropropyl(formal (BDNPA/F), and mixtures thereof.
15. An intermediate material as claimed in claim 11 wherein the energetic material is hexanitrohexaazaisowurtizane.
16. A propellant composition made from intermediate material as claimed in claim 11 .
17. A propellant composition as claimed in claim 16 which, in addition to the intermediate material, also comprises a binder.
18. A propellant composition as claimed in claim 16 wherein the proportion of intermediate material is from 10% to 100% and the binder is from 90% to 0%.
19. A propellant composition as claimed in claim 16 wherein the binder is an energetic binder.
20. A propellant composition as claimed in claim 19 wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane) (PolyNIMMO), polyglycidyl nitrate (PolyGLYN), and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP).
21. An intermediate material for an energetic material, the intermediate material being in powder form and consisting of from 90 to 99 weight percent of a particulate energetic crystalline material and the remainder of said intermediate material consisting of an energetic plasticiser material, the energetic plasticizer material and only the energetic plasticiser material substantially coating the individual particles of the energetic crystalline material.
22. An intermediate material as claimed in claim 21 wherein the amount of energetic plasticiser material is between 1 and 5 weight percent.
23. An intermediate material as claimed in claim 21 wherein the amount of energetic plasticiser is between 3 and 5 weight percent.
24. An intermediate material as claimed in claim 21 wherein the energetic plasticiser material is selected from a group comprising Butane Triol trinitrate (BTTN), Trimethylanol ethane trinitrate (TMETN), Diazidonitrazapentane (DANPE), Glycidyl Azide Polymer (Azide Derivative) (GAP Azide), Bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/bis(2,2-dinitropropyl(formal (BDNPA/F), and mixtures thereof.
25. An intermediate material as claimed in claim 21 wherein the energetic material is hexanitrohexaazaisowurtizane.
26. An energetic material made from intermediate material as claimed in claim 21 .
27. An energetic material as claimed in claim 26 which, in addition to the intermediate material, also comprises a binder.
28. An energetic material as claimed in claim 26 wherein the proportion of intermediate material is from 10% to 100% and the binder is from 90% to 0%.
29. An energetic material as claimed in claim 26 wherein the binder is an energetic binder.
30. An energetic material as claimed in claim 29 wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane) (PolyNIMMO), polyglycidyl nitrate (PolyGLYN), and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP).
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/923,411 US20110108171A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2010-09-20 | Desensitisation of energetic materials |
US14/197,543 US20140261928A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2014-03-05 | Desensitisation of energetic materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9913262.3A GB9913262D0 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 1999-06-09 | Desensitation of energetic materials |
GB9913262.3 | 1999-06-09 | ||
US55252100A | 2000-03-23 | 2000-03-23 | |
US10/093,885 US20040221934A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2002-02-21 | Desensitisation of energetic materials |
US12/923,411 US20110108171A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2010-09-20 | Desensitisation of energetic materials |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/093,885 Continuation US20040221934A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2002-02-21 | Desensitisation of energetic materials |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/197,543 Division US20140261928A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2014-03-05 | Desensitisation of energetic materials |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110108171A1 true US20110108171A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
Family
ID=10854917
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/093,885 Abandoned US20040221934A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2002-02-21 | Desensitisation of energetic materials |
US12/923,411 Abandoned US20110108171A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2010-09-20 | Desensitisation of energetic materials |
US14/197,543 Abandoned US20140261928A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2014-03-05 | Desensitisation of energetic materials |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/093,885 Abandoned US20040221934A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2002-02-21 | Desensitisation of energetic materials |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/197,543 Abandoned US20140261928A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2014-03-05 | Desensitisation of energetic materials |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20040221934A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2301392C (en) |
DE (1) | DE10027413B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2190838B2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2840604B1 (en) |
GB (2) | GB9913262D0 (en) |
IT (1) | ITRM20000309A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL1015399C2 (en) |
SE (1) | SE524594C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2925488B1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2011-12-23 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | CRYSTAL COATING DENSIBILIZATION OF EXPLOSIVE ENERGY SUBSTANCES; CRYSTALS SUCH AS COATED SUBSTANCES, ENERGY MATERIALS. |
CN103044173B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2015-03-04 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Method for preparing ordered porous energetic crystal material |
CN103396274B (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2015-08-05 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | The preparation method of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane and m-dinitrobenzene eutectic explosive |
RU2670111C1 (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-10-18 | Амир Рахимович Арисметов | Method of increasing temperature stability of explosive substances |
RU2703204C1 (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2019-10-15 | Акционерное общество "Взрывгеосервис" | Explosive composition |
CN114539012A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-05-27 | 北京理工大学 | Composite energetic plasticizer suitable for GAP-based casting explosive and propellant and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113416308B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-02-01 | 北京理工大学 | Porous aromatic skeleton EPAF-2 material, CL-20@ EPAF-2 composite energetic material and preparation method |
Citations (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1932050A (en) * | 1933-10-24 | Explosive coating material | ||
US2615800A (en) * | 1948-04-27 | 1952-10-28 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Coated granular explosive composition |
US3151164A (en) * | 1960-01-25 | 1964-09-29 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Nitraza thia polymer compositions |
US3461007A (en) * | 1968-04-29 | 1969-08-12 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Reducing sensitivity of primary explosives to initiation by electrostatic discharges |
US3778319A (en) * | 1973-01-30 | 1973-12-11 | Atomic Energy Commission | High-energy plastic-bonded explosive |
US3984264A (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1976-10-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Siloxane coatings for solid propellant ingredients |
US4163681A (en) * | 1970-04-15 | 1979-08-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Desensitized explosives and castable thermally stable high energy explosive compositions therefrom |
US4168191A (en) * | 1978-06-29 | 1979-09-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Thermally stable, plastic-bonded explosives |
US4230041A (en) * | 1977-08-01 | 1980-10-28 | Ici Australia Limited | Explosive fuze cord |
US4405534A (en) * | 1980-03-15 | 1983-09-20 | Deisenroth Friedrich Ulf | Production of plastic-bonded explosive substances |
US4554031A (en) * | 1983-05-03 | 1985-11-19 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Cold moldable explosive composition |
US4842659A (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1989-06-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Insensitive high energy explosive compositions |
US5026443A (en) * | 1989-10-14 | 1991-06-25 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten | Stabilized explosive and its production process |
US5049213A (en) * | 1985-10-10 | 1991-09-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Plastic bonded explosives using fluorocarbon binders |
US5487851A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1996-01-30 | Thiokol Corporation | Composite gun propellant processing technique |
US5547526A (en) * | 1990-03-06 | 1996-08-20 | Daimler-Benz Aerospace Ag | Pressable explosive granular product and pressed explosive charge |
US5567912A (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 1996-10-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Insensitive energetic compositions, and related articles and systems and processes |
US5587553A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-12-24 | Thiokol Corporation | High performance pressable explosive compositions |
US5750921A (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1998-05-12 | Chan; May L. | Waste-free method of making molding powder |
US5759458A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-06-02 | Thiokol Corporation | Process for the manufacture of high performance gun propellants |
US6214137B1 (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 2001-04-10 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | High performance explosive containing CL-20 |
US6217799B1 (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 2001-04-17 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | Method for making high performance explosive formulations containing CL-20 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2501194A1 (en) * | 1971-08-04 | 1982-09-10 | Aerojet General Co | Solid explosive desensitised with phlegmatising agent - contg. functional gps. which are reactive to binder ingredients |
DE4233629C2 (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1994-09-15 | Wasagchemie Sythen Gmbh | Process for producing a powder precursor and powder precursor |
DE19907809C2 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2002-10-10 | Nitrochemie Gmbh | Process for the production of one-, two- or three-base propellant charge powders for gun ammunition |
-
1999
- 1999-06-09 GB GBGB9913262.3A patent/GB9913262D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-03-30 CA CA2301392A patent/CA2301392C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-04 ES ES200000843A patent/ES2190838B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-27 FR FR0005389A patent/FR2840604B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-18 GB GB0011861A patent/GB2374867B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-30 DE DE10027413.7A patent/DE10027413B4/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-06 IT IT000309A patent/ITRM20000309A1/en unknown
- 2000-06-08 NL NL1015399A patent/NL1015399C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-08 SE SE0002149A patent/SE524594C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-02-21 US US10/093,885 patent/US20040221934A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2010
- 2010-09-20 US US12/923,411 patent/US20110108171A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-03-05 US US14/197,543 patent/US20140261928A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1932050A (en) * | 1933-10-24 | Explosive coating material | ||
US2615800A (en) * | 1948-04-27 | 1952-10-28 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Coated granular explosive composition |
US3151164A (en) * | 1960-01-25 | 1964-09-29 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Nitraza thia polymer compositions |
US3461007A (en) * | 1968-04-29 | 1969-08-12 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Reducing sensitivity of primary explosives to initiation by electrostatic discharges |
US3984264A (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1976-10-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Siloxane coatings for solid propellant ingredients |
US4163681A (en) * | 1970-04-15 | 1979-08-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Desensitized explosives and castable thermally stable high energy explosive compositions therefrom |
US3778319A (en) * | 1973-01-30 | 1973-12-11 | Atomic Energy Commission | High-energy plastic-bonded explosive |
US4230041A (en) * | 1977-08-01 | 1980-10-28 | Ici Australia Limited | Explosive fuze cord |
US4168191A (en) * | 1978-06-29 | 1979-09-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Thermally stable, plastic-bonded explosives |
US4405534A (en) * | 1980-03-15 | 1983-09-20 | Deisenroth Friedrich Ulf | Production of plastic-bonded explosive substances |
US4554031A (en) * | 1983-05-03 | 1985-11-19 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Cold moldable explosive composition |
US5049213A (en) * | 1985-10-10 | 1991-09-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Plastic bonded explosives using fluorocarbon binders |
US4842659A (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1989-06-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Insensitive high energy explosive compositions |
US5026443A (en) * | 1989-10-14 | 1991-06-25 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten | Stabilized explosive and its production process |
US5547526A (en) * | 1990-03-06 | 1996-08-20 | Daimler-Benz Aerospace Ag | Pressable explosive granular product and pressed explosive charge |
US5567912A (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 1996-10-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Insensitive energetic compositions, and related articles and systems and processes |
US5487851A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1996-01-30 | Thiokol Corporation | Composite gun propellant processing technique |
US5587553A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-12-24 | Thiokol Corporation | High performance pressable explosive compositions |
US5759458A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-06-02 | Thiokol Corporation | Process for the manufacture of high performance gun propellants |
US5750921A (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1998-05-12 | Chan; May L. | Waste-free method of making molding powder |
US6214137B1 (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 2001-04-10 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | High performance explosive containing CL-20 |
US6217799B1 (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 2001-04-17 | Cordant Technologies Inc. | Method for making high performance explosive formulations containing CL-20 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL1015399A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
CA2301392A1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
US20040221934A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
SE524594C2 (en) | 2004-08-31 |
FR2840604B1 (en) | 2006-03-17 |
FR2840604A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
DE10027413B4 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
ES2190838B2 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
DE10027413A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
CA2301392C (en) | 2010-10-12 |
NL1015399C2 (en) | 2003-08-19 |
GB0011861D0 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
GB2374867B (en) | 2003-12-10 |
GB9913262D0 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
ES2190838A1 (en) | 2003-08-16 |
US20140261928A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
SE0002149L (en) | 2003-06-13 |
GB2374867A (en) | 2002-10-30 |
ITRM20000309A1 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20140261928A1 (en) | Desensitisation of energetic materials | |
US5468313A (en) | Plastisol explosive | |
US7842144B1 (en) | Methods of making double base casting powder | |
US6652682B1 (en) | Propellant composition comprising nano-sized boron particles | |
Dey et al. | Towards new directions in oxidizers/energetic fillers for composite propellants: an overview | |
US4216039A (en) | Smokeless propellant compositions having polyester or polybutadiene binder system crosslinked with nitrocellulose | |
JP2770018B1 (en) | Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane composition and high performance explosive composition comprising the composition | |
KR20000057253A (en) | Ammonium nitrate propellants with molecular sieve | |
US3732130A (en) | Gun propellant containing nonenergetic plasticizer,nitrocellulose and triaminoguanidine nitrate | |
US3017300A (en) | Pelleted igniter composition and method of manufacturing same | |
US3732131A (en) | Gun propellant containing nitroplasticized nitrocellulose and triaminoguanidine nitrate | |
US3755019A (en) | Solid propellant compositions containing plasticized nitrocellulose and aluminum hydride | |
US3971681A (en) | Composite double base propellant with triaminoguanidinium azide | |
US3767489A (en) | Nitrasol propellant | |
US4154633A (en) | Method for making solid propellant compositions having a soluble oxidizer | |
US8778103B2 (en) | Energetic compositions including nitrate esters and articles including such energetic compositions | |
EP3642175B1 (en) | Composition for single-base propelling powder for ammunition and ammunition provided with such composition | |
AU756219B2 (en) | High energy gun propellants | |
US3813458A (en) | Random orientation of staple in slurry-cast propellants | |
US3896865A (en) | Propellant with polymer containing nitramine moieties as binder | |
Chan et al. | ADN propellant technology | |
US20030062103A1 (en) | High performance plastic bonded explosive | |
KR100569184B1 (en) | Solid propellent containing metal deactivator and preparation method thereof | |
Pang et al. | Effects of Innovative Insensitive Energetic Materials: 1, 1-Diamino-2, 2-Dinitroethylene (FOX-7) on the Performance of Solid Rocket Propellants | |
Masoodi | Preparation of NEPE polymeric missiles propellants and effect of particle size in mechanical properties |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |