US20100183989A1 - Air-Gas Pilot Burner that can Operate with Oxygen - Google Patents

Air-Gas Pilot Burner that can Operate with Oxygen Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100183989A1
US20100183989A1 US12/684,511 US68451110A US2010183989A1 US 20100183989 A1 US20100183989 A1 US 20100183989A1 US 68451110 A US68451110 A US 68451110A US 2010183989 A1 US2010183989 A1 US 2010183989A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
air
oxygen
pilot burner
rich gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/684,511
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English (en)
Inventor
Ivan Sanchez-Molinero
Jacky Laurent
Jacques Mulon
Patrick Jean-Marie Recourt
Rémi Pierre Tsiava
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Assigned to L'AIR LIQUIDE SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE reassignment L'AIR LIQUIDE SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LAURENT, JACKY, MULON, JACQUES, RECOURT, PATRICK JEAN-MARIE, SANCHEZ-MOLINERO, IVAN, TSIAVA, REMI PIERRE
Publication of US20100183989A1 publication Critical patent/US20100183989A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00014—Pilot burners specially adapted for ignition of main burners in furnaces or gas turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pilot burner for igniting or maintaining a flame of a main burner, to an installation comprising a boiler or furnace capable of implementing the technology referred to as “oxy-fuel combustion” and such a pilot burner, and to a process for employing said installation, especially for making it easier to capture the carbon dioxide, or CO 2 , in the flue gases exiting the boiler or furnace.
  • a pilot burner is a device capable of generating what is called a “pilot” flame intended to ignite or maintain the flame of at least one more powerful main burner.
  • a main burner releases 5 to 1000 times more energy than a pilot burner.
  • the pilot burner releases a power of about 4 to 10% of that of the main burner.
  • the pilot burner releases a power of less than 4% of that of the main burner.
  • a pilot burner may be permanently lit, for example to stabilize the combustion of a difficult fuel in the main burner, or to deliver an ignition complement under abnormal fuel delivery conditions to a main burner.
  • the pilot burner may also be lit only to start the burner, or to stop it, or at certain moments, for example during tricky operating conditions. It may also be used for completely or partly raising the temperature of a boiler or furnace during its start-up, with or without the main burner or burners being simultaneously ignited.
  • a pilot burner flame In general, a pilot burner flame must be a reliable source of ignition. In particular, it must be extremely stable.
  • EP-A-972 163 describes a more sophisticated pilot burner with air and combustible gas mixed together prior to their exit from the pilot burner. This configuration increases the stability of the flame when operating with air. However, in this configuration it is not possible to operate in oxy-fuel combustion mode, i.e. with an oxygen-rich gas as oxidizer.
  • oxy-fuel combustion technology has been developed in various industrial fields, in particular that of energy production. It makes it possible to introduce the smallest possible amounts of elements deleterious to possible CO 2 capture, such as nitrogen. Pilot burners more suitable for oxy-fuel combustion have been developed.
  • this pilot burner must always operate with the same oxygen-rich gas as oxidizer.
  • the object of the present invention is to alleviate some or all of the drawbacks of the prior art mentioned above, i.e. in particular to obtain a high-quality pilot flame having the required stability and safety, while operating both with air and with an oxygen-rich gas as oxidizer for the pilot burner.
  • the invention relates to a system comprising at least one pilot burner and at least one more powerful main burner, said pilot burner comprising:
  • At least a first tube open at an end and including at least a first feedline capable of injecting a combustible gas into said first tube;
  • pilot burner further comprises at least a second feedline capable of feeding said first tube with air.
  • the pilot burner according to the invention comprises at least two tubes open at one of their ends.
  • the first tube includes at least one feedline intended to be connected to a combustible gas source and at least one other feedline intended to be connected to an air source.
  • the combustible gas is natural gas, propane or butane.
  • this combustible gas is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fed in the gas phase into the pilot burner.
  • the second tube includes at least one feedline intended to be connected to a source of oxygen-rich gas, i.e. one comprising at least 80% oxygen by volume.
  • the oxygen-rich gas comprises at least 90% oxygen by volume.
  • this gas comprises at least 95% oxygen by volume.
  • the sources may be liquefied or pressurized gas containers, or installations intended to generate these gases on demand, or else a combination of these two methods of production.
  • the oxygen-rich gas is optionally produced on site by a cryogenic distillation unit.
  • the air may have undergone treatments, for example filtration and/or degreasing and/or compression treatments. In one particular configuration, this air comes from an instrument air network.
  • the combustible gas may come from a container or from a distribution network.
  • a flow of purging gas (typically air that may have undergone treatments) may be injected into both tubes.
  • the two tubes of the pilot burner have a geometric shape isomorphic with a cylinder open at one end and closed at the other. They may have one or more common walls. According to one particular embodiment, they are pipes with no common lateral walls. Each of these tubes may be manufactured as one or more parts, welded or joined together using methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the tubes may especially be made of carbon steel, stainless steel or a refractory material. They may also be formed from alloys having a high nickel content and/or alloys containing chromium and/or molybdenum. Their ends may have parts made of ceramic materials.
  • the flow of gases in these tubes defines a flow direction or axial direction.
  • the cross section of the tubes is therefore defined as the intersection of these tubes with a plane orthogonal to the main flow direction.
  • These tubes may have a variable cross section.
  • Corresponding to each cross section is a flow bore, defined as the area within the cross section, through which the gases can flow.
  • the flow rate of these gases may be defined as the area of this bore multiplied by the average velocity of the gases.
  • the pilot burner may further include members for regulating the flow rates of the gases injected into the tubes.
  • These members may for example be controlled opening valves located on the feedlines connecting said tubes to the gas sources. They may also include on/off isolating valves, purge devices, vents, non-return valves or other valves or rupture discs. These members are such that, when the combustible gas and the air are injected into the first tube, the flow rate of oxygen-rich gas injected into the second tube is zero.
  • the burner is then in air mode and operates with premixing. Furthermore, during this operation in air mode, a flow of purging gas (typically air that may have undergone treatments) may flow through the second tube.
  • purging gas typically air that may have undergone treatments
  • the members for regulating the flow rates of the gases injected into the tubes are such that the flow rate of air injected into the first tube is zero and the flow rate of oxygen-rich gas injected into the second tube is non-zero.
  • the combustible gas and the oxygen-rich gas are injected into different tubes.
  • the combustible gas and the oxygen-rich gas must come into contact with each other at the outlets of the two tubes.
  • embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
  • said pilot burner comprises electrodes capable of producing at least one electric arc or a spark in order to ignite said pilot burner;
  • said pilot burner comprises a device designed for and capable of controlling the presence of a flame emanating from said pilot burner;
  • said first tube is at least partially located inside said second tube
  • said second tube is at least partially located inside said first tube
  • At least one portion of said first tube and at least one portion of said second tube have gas flow bores of constant area
  • said portions of said tubes having gas flow bores of constant area have concentric circular cross sections
  • the ratio of the minimum area of the bore for flow of said combustible gas close to the outlet of said first tube to the minimum area of the bore of said oxygen-rich gas close to the outlet of said second tube is not less than 0.15 but does not exceed 5.5;
  • said first tube comprises a convergent portion as outlet, which converges in the flow direction of said combustible gas
  • said second tube comprises a convergent portion as outlet, which converges in the flow direction of said oxygen-rich gas
  • said second tube comprises elements intended to reduce the bore of said second tube.
  • the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above features or those mentioned later.
  • the electrodes mentioned above serve to ignite the pilot burner.
  • This arc must be located at the end of the tubes, in the zone where the combustible gas leaving the first tube encounters the oxygen-rich gas leaving the second.
  • the electrode is placed at the outlet of the first tube, at the point where the combustible gas exits the tube, so as to ensure ignition as rapidly as possible upon opening the combustible-gas control member.
  • the energy released by the electric arc or the spark is equal to or greater than 8 J (joules), preferably between 9 and 15 J and ideally between 10 and 12 J.
  • the means for controlling the presence of a pilot flame may differ in nature.
  • said electrodes are used as a flame detector.
  • the presence of a flame modifies the resistivity of the medium lying between the two electrodes.
  • a separate electrode is used for flame detection, so as to separate the operating function from the safety function.
  • UV radiation ultraviolet
  • IR radiation infrared
  • one of the two tubes lies at least partly inside the other.
  • the terminal portion of the first tube i.e. that having the open end, lies inside the second tube.
  • the outlet of the first tube is at the same level as that of the second tube, or else slightly upstream or downstream thereof.
  • the second tube that lies at least partly inside the first.
  • the terminal portion of the second tube i.e. that having the open end, lies inside the first tube.
  • the outlet of the second tube may be at the same level as that of the first tube, or slightly upstream or downstream thereof.
  • the tubes may be held in their relative positions by centring elements, these elements may also serve to hold the electrode and/or the counter electrode.
  • each tube has a circular cross section.
  • the tubes have a constant cross section and are concentric in this portion. They therefore take the form, in this portion, of coaxial cylinders.
  • one or both of the tubes may have a convergent terminal portion, i.e. the flow bores narrow down in the flow direction before the gas outlet.
  • the tubes may also have a constriction near their outlet.
  • the expression “near the outlet” means the terminal portion of the tube that goes from its outlet back to 5 times the hydraulic diameter of the outlet cross section of the tube. This constriction allows the gas ejection velocity to be increased and prevents flash-back.
  • the inventors have established that the ratio of the areas of the flow bores must have the following property. If the minimum flow bore of the first tube near the outlet of this first tube is called S 1 and the minimum flow bore close to the outlet of this second tube is called S 2 , it is necessary for the ratio S 1 /S 2 to lie within the closed interval 0.15-5.5. This ensures that the pilot flame will not be blown and will have the desired properties for guaranteeing safe and stable operation.
  • one or both tubes may have a convergent portion that converges in the flow direction near its outlet.
  • the flow bores of one or both tubes may be adjusted by introducing solid elements having openings or perforations. By suitably orienting these openings, it is possible to impress a rotational movement of the gases around the main flow direction. This effect may also be obtained by adding elements such as fins or grooves in the tubes, so as to deflect the flow of the fluids.
  • deflectors At or near the outlet of one or both tubes, deflectors, swirlers (designed for and capable of impressing a rotational movement) or other devices may be fitted in order to increase the turbulence in the pilot flame formation zone.
  • the invention also relates to a combustion installation using an oxidizer gas, comprising:
  • At least one oxy-fuel combustion boiler or furnace designed for and capable of operating in oxy-fuel combustion mode with an oxygen-rich gas as oxidizer or in degraded mode with air used as oxidizer;
  • At least one air separation unit capable of delivering an oxygen-rich gas
  • At least one compressed-air feedline or at least one air compressor characterized in that:
  • said boiler or furnace comprises at least one system such as described above;
  • said oxygen-rich gas feedline of said pilot burner is fluidically connected to said air separation unit so as to be able to receive oxygen-rich gas produced by said air separation unit;
  • said air feedline of said pilot burner is fluidically connected to said at least one compressed-air feedline or to said at least one air compressor.
  • the installation mentioned above employs an oxy-fuel combustion boiler or furnace, i.e. one capable of burning at least one fuel in the presence of at least one oxygen-rich gas.
  • a boiler may for example serve to generate steam and/or hot water or hot oil and/or electrical and/or mechanical power.
  • Oxy-fuel combustion is the normal operating mode.
  • this boiler or furnace may in general operate with air in what is called “degraded” mode, in the sense that the efficiency may be adversely affected or capture of the CO 2 in the flue gases will be more difficult. This is because such oxy-fuel combustion installations are by definition optimized for operating with an oxygen-rich gas as oxidizer.
  • At least one air separation unit may prove to be necessary. It is also possible to use an oxygen-rich gas storage container fed by at least one air separation unit or by lorry. For operation with air, an existing compressed-air network is required, or else one or more compressors are used, with the possibility of incorporating filtration and/or degreasing operations.
  • the inventors have determined that it is beneficial to equip this boiler or furnace with at least one pilot burner as described above and to connect it to the oxygen-rich gas source used for the boiler or furnace and to the air source.
  • the pilot burner or burners may be placed, relative to the main burner with which it is associated, in various configurations.
  • a pilot burner is located inside a main burner, meaning that the outlets of the pilot burner or burners lie physically within the perimeter of the outlet of said main burner.
  • the pilot burner lies at a certain distance from the main burner.
  • the pilot burner lies at a certain distance from the main burner, in such a way that the pilot flame is located in or encounters the gas stream ejected by the main burner.
  • the pilot flame converges towards the gases ejected by the main burner.
  • the invention also relates to a combustion process, employing:
  • At least one oxy-fuel combustion boiler or furnace comprising one or more main burners designed for and capable of operating in oxy-fuel combustion mode with an oxygen-rich gas used as oxidizer or in degraded mode with air used as oxidizer, said boiler or furnace comprising at least one pilot burner as described above;
  • an oxygen-rich gas source comprising at least one air separation unit capable of delivering an oxygen-rich gas
  • an air source comprising at least one compressed-air feedline or at least one air compressor
  • an oxygen-rich gas, as oxidizer, coming from said oxygen-rich gas source is injected into the main burners of said boiler or furnace and into said oxygen-rich gas feedline of said pilot burner, said air feedline of said pilot burner not introducing air into said pilot burner;
  • the process includes the following steps:
  • At least one main burner of said boiler or furnace is fed with a second fuel
  • said first fuel of gaseous type has a composition identical to or different from that of said second fuel.
  • steps a) and b) described above may be implemented in any order. Steps c) and d) themselves are simultaneous with steps a) and b).
  • the pilot burner itself will in general be in oxy-fuel combustion mode (step b)).
  • step a) When the boiler or furnace is made to operate in air mode, for example during a start-up phase, it may be very advantageous and without any risk for the pilot burner also to be operated in air mode (step a)). This avoids consuming oxygen-rich gas and avoids having to start up the air separation unit just for the pilot burner.
  • Step a) may therefore follow step b) and will then for example correspond to a period of maintenance of the oxygen-rich gas source.
  • Steps c) and d) may be in any order. According to one particular method of implementation, step c) starts before step d). In general, they are concomitant with steps a) or b).
  • the boiler or furnace may employ, in the main burner or burners, one or more fuels such as natural gas, crude oil and its derivatives (such as bitumen, heavy or light fuel oil, petroleum residues, etc.), coal, lignite, peat, biomass, liquefied petroleum gas, slurries, sludge, etc.
  • fuels such as natural gas, crude oil and its derivatives (such as bitumen, heavy or light fuel oil, petroleum residues, etc.), coal, lignite, peat, biomass, liquefied petroleum gas, slurries, sludge, etc.
  • FIG. 1 shows a pilot burner according to the invention in side or longitudinal view
  • FIG. 2 shows the tubular portion of the same pilot burner in front or axial view, the ejected gases being directed towards the observer.
  • FIG. 1 shows the pilot burner 1 in its entirety. It comprises a first tube 2 open at its downstream end 2 a , which may receive combustible gas via a first feedline 4 and air via a second feedline 5 .
  • the pilot burner 1 further includes a second tube 3 open at its downstream end 3 a , and may receive an oxygen-rich gas via a feedline 6 .
  • the two tubes take the form of coaxial cylinders, the second tube 3 surrounding the first tube 2 .
  • An electrode 7 a connected to a current source and suitably isolated electrically, except at its end, is placed at the centre of the first tube 2 . It is located on the axis of the tube 2 , its stripped end lying level with the open end 2 a of the first tube 2 .
  • the second tube 3 has a counter electrode 7 b located at its outlet, in electrical contact with said tube 3 . It also ensures electrical continuity with earth.
  • the two electrodes 7 a and 7 b are placed so as to produce, between said electrodes 7 a and 7 b , an electric arc or a spark 7 c capable of igniting the flame of the pilot burner 1 .
  • Electrodes 7 a and 7 b also serve as flame detectors. They form the terminals of a dipole, the current of which is measured by elements not shown in the figure.
  • the tube 3 also has an element 8 near its outlet. This is designed to restrict the oxygen-rich gas flow bore in said tube 3 . It takes the form of a gas flow obstacle, having perforations or channels from which the gas exits in the form of jets with a higher velocity than upstream of the element 8 .
  • the bore 2 a of the tube 2 at the element 8 has an area S 2 . If the area of the bore for flow of the oxygen-rich gas through the element 8 is S 3 , the ratio S 2 /S 3 has a value of between 0.15 and 5.5. According to one particular embodiment, this ratio is between 0.15 and 2.0.
  • FIG. 2 shows the flow bores 2 a and 2 b of the tubes 2 and 3 respectively.
  • the bore 2 a has the form of a disc simply reduced by the presence of the electrode 7 a at its centre.
  • the bore 3 a would be annular without the presence of the element 8 , which restricts the flow.
  • flow may take place only through four equal sectors of the ring. The flow and non-flow sectors alternate along the ring 3 a.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
US12/684,511 2009-01-16 2010-01-08 Air-Gas Pilot Burner that can Operate with Oxygen Abandoned US20100183989A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0950256A FR2941286B1 (fr) 2009-01-16 2009-01-16 Bruleur pilote air-gaz pouvant fonctionner a l'oxygene.
FR0950256 2009-01-16

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US20100183989A1 true US20100183989A1 (en) 2010-07-22

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US12/684,511 Abandoned US20100183989A1 (en) 2009-01-16 2010-01-08 Air-Gas Pilot Burner that can Operate with Oxygen

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US (1) US20100183989A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2208931A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2690322A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2941286B1 (fr)

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US20100047726A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Mestek, Inc. Boiler and pilot system
RU2471121C1 (ru) * 2011-05-25 2012-12-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АВТОГЕНМАШ" Горелка газовоздушная инжекционная для поджига газокислородных машинных резаков
US20130309616A1 (en) * 2012-05-15 2013-11-21 John Zink Company, Llc Rapid Gas Exchange and Delivery System
TWI495830B (zh) * 2013-06-20 2015-08-11 Orient Service Co Ltd Umbrella ignition device
EP3059500A1 (fr) * 2015-02-20 2016-08-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de commande d'un dispositif de combustion
WO2022245674A3 (fr) * 2021-05-19 2022-12-29 Clearsign Technologies Corporation Brûleur à faible émission de nox et à haute performance et système associé

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CN114234187A (zh) * 2021-12-27 2022-03-25 北京瑞晨航宇能源科技有限公司 一种用于加热炉高速低氮燃烧器及其燃烧方法

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RU2471121C1 (ru) * 2011-05-25 2012-12-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АВТОГЕНМАШ" Горелка газовоздушная инжекционная для поджига газокислородных машинных резаков
US20130309616A1 (en) * 2012-05-15 2013-11-21 John Zink Company, Llc Rapid Gas Exchange and Delivery System
US9915398B2 (en) * 2012-05-15 2018-03-13 John Zink Company, Llc Rapid gas exchange and delivery system
TWI495830B (zh) * 2013-06-20 2015-08-11 Orient Service Co Ltd Umbrella ignition device
EP3059500A1 (fr) * 2015-02-20 2016-08-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de commande d'un dispositif de combustion
WO2016131635A1 (fr) * 2015-02-20 2016-08-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d'exploitation d'un système de combustion
WO2022245674A3 (fr) * 2021-05-19 2022-12-29 Clearsign Technologies Corporation Brûleur à faible émission de nox et à haute performance et système associé

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CA2690322A1 (fr) 2010-07-16
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FR2941286A1 (fr) 2010-07-23

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