US20100009301A1 - Staged Oxyfuel Combustion Method Using Pre-Heated Reagents - Google Patents
Staged Oxyfuel Combustion Method Using Pre-Heated Reagents Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20100009301A1 US20100009301A1 US12/158,140 US15814006A US2010009301A1 US 20100009301 A1 US20100009301 A1 US 20100009301A1 US 15814006 A US15814006 A US 15814006A US 2010009301 A1 US2010009301 A1 US 2010009301A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- jet
- oxygenated gas
- combustion
- employed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
- C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/66—Preheating the combustion air or gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for burning a fuel using an oxygen-rich oxygenated gas in which the oxygen-rich oxygenated gas is preheated to a temperature of at least 300° C.
- the two main preoccupations when designing burners intended for industrial furnaces are the efficiency of heat transfer to the charge and the reduction in polluting emissions, particularly nitrogen oxides.
- One of the most promising methods for meeting these two preoccupations is staged oxycombustion using preheated reactants. This is because it is known that by staging the combustion it is possible to reduce the NOx emissions and that by preheating the reactants it is possible to make energy savings.
- Oxycombustion is combustion employing an oxygenated gas having an oxygen concentration greater than air.
- the process of staged combustion of fuels consists in dividing the amount of oxidant needed for complete combustion of the fuel into at least two oxidant streams introduced at different distances from the fuel stream.
- a first oxidant stream is introduced at a very short distance from the fuel stream.
- This first oxidant stream closest to the fuel stream is called the primary stream—it allows partial combustion of the fuel at a controlled temperature that limits the formation of NOx.
- the other oxidant streams are introduced at a greater distance from the fuel than the primary oxidant stream. They are used to complete the combustion with the fuel that has not reacted with the primary oxidant. These streams are called secondary streams.
- the object of the present invention is to propose design rules for a burner employing staged oxycombustion and preheated reactants so as to retain the advantages of staged oxycombustion without incurring the risks associated with the use of preheated reactants.
- the invention relates to a process for burning a fuel using an oxygen-rich oxygenated gas in which the following are injected into a combustion chamber:
- the process according to the invention employs combustion in which the oxidant is an oxygen-rich oxygenated gas, that is to say one having a higher oxygen concentration than air.
- the oxidant is an oxygen-rich oxygenated gas, that is to say one having a higher oxygen concentration than air.
- This may be oxidant-enriched air or pure oxygen.
- the oxygen concentration of this oxygenated gas is at least 70% by volume.
- the process according to the invention employs combustion in which at least the oxygenated gas is preheated to a temperature of at least 300° C.
- This preheating may be carried out by any known method of the prior art. Preferably, this is preheating using a recuperator, for recovering the heat of the combustion flue gases.
- the fuel may also be preheated, preferably to at least 300° C.
- the process according to the invention employs staged combustion in which the oxygenated gas is divided into two streams, which are introduced into the combustion chamber at various distances from the fuel jet.
- the primary jet is introduced in contact with the fuel jet and surrounds it.
- the orifice of the injector introducing the primary jet into the combustion chamber has a diameter D.
- the end of this primary jet injector emerges directly in the combustion chamber.
- the end of the fuel injector does not emerge directly in the combustion chamber but is set back from the wall of the combustion chamber: the end of the fuel injector emerges in the middle of the primary jet injector at a point set back from the wall of the combustion chamber, situated at a distance r from said wall.
- the diameter of the fuel injector is generally adjusted so as to produce a stable flame.
- One of the essential features of the invention is that it is necessary to prevent the staged oxycombustion process being used with the fuel injector set back within the primary oxygenated gas injector with dimensions such that r/D is between 3 and 5.
- the respective dimensions r and D are critical as they influence the volume of the cavity created by the fuel injector being set back within the primary oxygenated gas injector.
- the l/d ratio must be at least 2 and preferably at least 10.
- the orifices via which the reactants are injected have a circular cross section.
- the invention also covers the cases in which the cross sections of these orifices are not of circular shape.
- the diameters d and D mentioned above correspond to the hydraulic diameters of noncircular cross sections, the hydraulic diameter being defined as the ratio of 4 times the area of the cross section of the orifice divided by the perimeter of the cross section of the orifice.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for illustrating the various elements of the dimensions (r, d, D, l) for the process according to the invention.
- the fuel l is introduced by means of the injector 7 placed in the injector 6 for the primary oxygenated gas 2 .
- the end of the fuel injector is set back by a distance r from the wall 4 of the combustion chamber.
- the end of the primary oxygenated gas injector 2 has a diameter D.
- the secondary oxygenated gas 3 is introduced via the injector 5 , the end of which has a diameter d.
- the distance between the edges of the ends of the oxygenated gas injectors 5 and 6 is l.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a staged oxyfuel combustion method in which a combustion chamber is injected with a jet of fuel inside a jet of primary oxygen gas which is introduced through a hole having a diameter D and a secondary oxygen gas which is introduced through a hole having a diameter d, which is positioned at a distance l from the hole for the primary oxygen gas. According to the invention, the jet of fuel emerges at a distance r set back from the wall of the combustion chamber. The oxygen-rich oxygen gas is pre-heated to a temperature of at least 300° C. The r/D ratio is between 5 and 20 or between 0.75 and 3 and the l/d ratio is at least 2.
Description
- The present invention relates to a process for burning a fuel using an oxygen-rich oxygenated gas in which the oxygen-rich oxygenated gas is preheated to a temperature of at least 300° C.
- At the present time, the two main preoccupations when designing burners intended for industrial furnaces are the efficiency of heat transfer to the charge and the reduction in polluting emissions, particularly nitrogen oxides. One of the most promising methods for meeting these two preoccupations is staged oxycombustion using preheated reactants. This is because it is known that by staging the combustion it is possible to reduce the NOx emissions and that by preheating the reactants it is possible to make energy savings.
- Oxycombustion is combustion employing an oxygenated gas having an oxygen concentration greater than air. The process of staged combustion of fuels consists in dividing the amount of oxidant needed for complete combustion of the fuel into at least two oxidant streams introduced at different distances from the fuel stream. Thus, a first oxidant stream is introduced at a very short distance from the fuel stream. This first oxidant stream closest to the fuel stream is called the primary stream—it allows partial combustion of the fuel at a controlled temperature that limits the formation of NOx. The other oxidant streams are introduced at a greater distance from the fuel than the primary oxidant stream. They are used to complete the combustion with the fuel that has not reacted with the primary oxidant. These streams are called secondary streams.
- Preheating the reactants (oxygenated gas and fuel) has already been proposed in various schemes for recovering heat from the flue gases (U.S. Pat. No. 6,071,116). Also disclosed, in WO 00/79182, is a burner in which both the fuel and the oxidant are preheated. However, these documents do not mention the existence of problems associated with the use of hot reactants. However, the use of hot reactants may result in the following disadvantages:
-
- increase in the flame velocity of the reactant mixture—the flame front then stabilizes close to the outlets of the various burner orifices, increasing the risk of overheating and premature destruction of the injectors;
- increase in the flame temperature and thereby increasing the radiative transfer to the charge and to the surface of the burner; and
- increase in the level of thermal NOx, as a result of the increase in flame temperature.
- The object of the present invention is to propose design rules for a burner employing staged oxycombustion and preheated reactants so as to retain the advantages of staged oxycombustion without incurring the risks associated with the use of preheated reactants.
- For this purpose, the invention relates to a process for burning a fuel using an oxygen-rich oxygenated gas in which the following are injected into a combustion chamber:
-
- a jet of the fuel; and
- at least two jets of the oxygenated gas:
- the first jet of the oxygenated gas, called the primary jet, being introduced via an orifice having a diameter D and being injected around the jet of fuel and in an amount such that it causes a first incomplete combustion, the gases resulting from this first combustion still comprising at least some of the fuel and
- the second jet of the oxygenated gas, being introduced via an orifice having a diameter d, placed at a distance l from the orifice for introducing the first, primary jet of oxygenated gas, so as to enter into combustion with that part of the fuel present in the gases resulting from the first combustion;
and in which:
- the jet of the fuel emerges within the primary jet of oxygenated gas at a point set back from the wall of the combustion chamber, said point being located at a distance r therefrom;
- the oxygen-rich oxygenated gas is preheated to a temperature of at least 300° C.;
- the r/D ratio is:
- either between 5 and 20, preferably between 7 and 15;
- or between 0.75 and 3; and
- the l/d ratio is at least 2, preferably at least 10.
- The process according to the invention employs combustion in which the oxidant is an oxygen-rich oxygenated gas, that is to say one having a higher oxygen concentration than air. This may be oxidant-enriched air or pure oxygen. Preferably, the oxygen concentration of this oxygenated gas is at least 70% by volume.
- The process according to the invention employs combustion in which at least the oxygenated gas is preheated to a temperature of at least 300° C. This preheating may be carried out by any known method of the prior art. Preferably, this is preheating using a recuperator, for recovering the heat of the combustion flue gases. The fuel may also be preheated, preferably to at least 300° C.
- The process according to the invention employs staged combustion in which the oxygenated gas is divided into two streams, which are introduced into the combustion chamber at various distances from the fuel jet. The primary jet is introduced in contact with the fuel jet and surrounds it. The orifice of the injector introducing the primary jet into the combustion chamber has a diameter D. The end of this primary jet injector emerges directly in the combustion chamber. However, the end of the fuel injector does not emerge directly in the combustion chamber but is set back from the wall of the combustion chamber: the end of the fuel injector emerges in the middle of the primary jet injector at a point set back from the wall of the combustion chamber, situated at a distance r from said wall. The diameter of the fuel injector is generally adjusted so as to produce a stable flame. In general, 2 to 20% of the total amount of oxygenated gas needed to burn the fuel is introduced by means of the primary jet. The complement of oxygenated gas is introduced by means of the secondary jet via an injector whose end opens directly in the combustion chamber and whose orifice has a diameter d. This injector of the secondary jet is placed at a distance l from the primary oxygenated gas orifice, the distance l being measured between the edges closest to the orifices of the primary oxygenated gas injector and of the secondary oxygenated gas injector.
- One of the essential features of the invention is that it is necessary to prevent the staged oxycombustion process being used with the fuel injector set back within the primary oxygenated gas injector with dimensions such that r/D is between 3 and 5. The respective dimensions r and D are critical as they influence the volume of the cavity created by the fuel injector being set back within the primary oxygenated gas injector. By choosing the dimensions correctly, the invention makes it possible, on the one hand, to prevent the premixing flame developing in this cavity from damaging the ends of the fuel and primary oxygenated gas injectors and, on the other hand, to prevent the radiation emanating from the combustion chamber from damaging the end of the combustion injector.
- Another essential feature of the invention is that the l/d ratio must be at least 2 and preferably at least 10.
- Usually, the orifices via which the reactants are injected have a circular cross section. However, the invention also covers the cases in which the cross sections of these orifices are not of circular shape. In the latter cases, the diameters d and D mentioned above correspond to the hydraulic diameters of noncircular cross sections, the hydraulic diameter being defined as the ratio of 4 times the area of the cross section of the orifice divided by the perimeter of the cross section of the orifice.
-
FIG. 1 is a diagram for illustrating the various elements of the dimensions (r, d, D, l) for the process according to the invention. The fuel l is introduced by means of theinjector 7 placed in theinjector 6 for the primaryoxygenated gas 2. The end of the fuel injector is set back by a distance r from the wall 4 of the combustion chamber. The end of the primaryoxygenated gas injector 2 has a diameter D. The secondaryoxygenated gas 3 is introduced via theinjector 5, the end of which has a diameter d. The distance between the edges of the ends of theoxygenated gas injectors - By implementing the process as described above, it is possible to preheat the combustion reactants in a staged oxycombustion process without prematurely damaging the reactant injectors and without increasing the NOx emission.
Claims (17)
1-7. (canceled)
8. A process for burning a fuel using an oxygen-rich oxygenated gas in which the following are injected into a combustion chamber:
a jet of the fuel; and
at least two jets of the oxygenated gas:
the first jet of the oxygenated gas, called the primary jet, being introduced via an orifice having a diameter D and being injected around the jet of fuel and in an amount such that it causes a first incomplete combustion, the gases resulting from this first combustion still comprising at least some of the fuel and
the second jet of the oxygenated gas, being introduced via an orifice having a diameter d, placed at a distance l from the orifice for introducing the first, primary jet of oxygenated gas, so as to enter into combustion with that part of the fuel present in the gases resulting from the first combustion;
and in which:
the jet of the fuel emerges within the primary jet of oxygenated gas at a point set back from the wall of the combustion chamber, said point being located at a distance r therefrom;
the oxygen-rich oxygenated gas is preheated to a temperature of at least 300° C.,
and wherein:
the r/D ratio is:
either between 5 and 20;
or between 0.75 and 3; and
the l/d ratio is at least 2.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the r/D ratio is between 7 and 15.
10. The process of claim 8 , wherein the l/d ratio is at least 10.
11. The process of claim 8 , wherein the oxygen-rich oxygenated gas has an oxygen concentration of at least 70% by volume.
12. The process of claim 8 , wherein the fuel is preheated to at least 300° C.
13. The process of claim 8 , wherein said process is employed in a glass melting furnace.
14. The process of claim 8 , wherein said process is employed in a reheating furnace.
15. The process of claim 9 , wherein the l/d ratio is at least 10.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the oxygen-rich oxygenated gas has an oxygen concentration of at least 70% by volume.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the fuel is preheated to at least 300° C.
18. The process of claim 17 , wherein said process is employed in a glass melting furnace.
19. The process of claim 17 , wherein said process is employed in a reheating furnace.
20. The process of claim 15 , wherein said process is employed in a glass melting furnace.
21. The process of claim 15 , wherein said process is employed in a reheating furnace.
22. The process of claim 16 , wherein said process is employed in a glass melting furnace.
23. The process of claim 16 , wherein said process is employed in a reheating furnace.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0554032A FR2895490B1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | PROCESS FOR TESTED OXYCOMBUSTION USING PREHEATED REAGENTS |
FR0554032 | 2005-12-22 | ||
PCT/FR2006/051371 WO2007074278A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-18 | Staged oxyfuel combustion method using pre-heated reagents |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20100009301A1 true US20100009301A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
Family
ID=36814239
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/158,140 Abandoned US20100009301A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-12-18 | Staged Oxyfuel Combustion Method Using Pre-Heated Reagents |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100009301A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1966537B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5074417B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101341363A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006329699B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0620398A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2633019C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2717351T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2895490B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1966537T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2387924C2 (en) |
TR (1) | TR201904082T4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007074278A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200804883B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2895490B1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2008-03-14 | Air Liquide | PROCESS FOR TESTED OXYCOMBUSTION USING PREHEATED REAGENTS |
EA020395B1 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2014-10-30 | Агк Гласс Юроп | Power supply for hot oxygen burner |
US8632621B2 (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2014-01-21 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method for melting a solid charge |
CN104235849B (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2017-02-01 | 中冶南方(武汉)威仕工业炉有限公司 | Staged oxygen-enriched flameless combustion gas burner and control method thereof |
CN104266190B (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-06-22 | 中冶南方(武汉)威仕工业炉有限公司 | Oxygen-enriched flameless gas burner and control method thereof |
CN115585458B (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-21 | 佛山市德力泰科技有限公司 | High-speed preheating premixing combustion device |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6071116A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 2000-06-06 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Heat recovery apparatus and methods of use |
US6074197A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 2000-06-13 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Combustion process and apparatus therefore containing separate injection of fuel and oxidant streams |
US6193173B1 (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 2001-02-27 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Burner with an improved injector and process for manufacturing this injector |
US6233974B1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2001-05-22 | Combustion Tec | Oxygen-gaseous forehearth burner for air-fuel and oxy-fuel forehearth burner block geometries |
US6394790B1 (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 2002-05-28 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method for deeply staged combustion |
US20070281254A1 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2007-12-06 | Bertrand Leroux | Staged Combustion Method Using A Low-Oxygen Gas |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5611682A (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1997-03-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Low-NOx staged combustion device for controlled radiative heating in high temperature furnaces |
US6123542A (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2000-09-26 | American Air Liquide | Self-cooled oxygen-fuel burner for use in high-temperature and high-particulate furnaces |
FR2895490B1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2008-03-14 | Air Liquide | PROCESS FOR TESTED OXYCOMBUSTION USING PREHEATED REAGENTS |
-
2005
- 2005-12-22 FR FR0554032A patent/FR2895490B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-12-18 EP EP06847161.4A patent/EP1966537B1/en active Active
- 2006-12-18 RU RU2008130119/06A patent/RU2387924C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-18 JP JP2008546548A patent/JP5074417B2/en active Active
- 2006-12-18 TR TR2019/04082T patent/TR201904082T4/en unknown
- 2006-12-18 CN CNA2006800479880A patent/CN101341363A/en active Pending
- 2006-12-18 AU AU2006329699A patent/AU2006329699B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-12-18 US US12/158,140 patent/US20100009301A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-18 PL PL06847161T patent/PL1966537T3/en unknown
- 2006-12-18 ES ES06847161T patent/ES2717351T3/en active Active
- 2006-12-18 WO PCT/FR2006/051371 patent/WO2007074278A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-18 CA CA2633019A patent/CA2633019C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-18 BR BRPI0620398-1A patent/BRPI0620398A2/en active Search and Examination
-
2008
- 2008-06-04 ZA ZA200804883A patent/ZA200804883B/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6394790B1 (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 2002-05-28 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method for deeply staged combustion |
US6074197A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 2000-06-13 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Combustion process and apparatus therefore containing separate injection of fuel and oxidant streams |
US6331107B1 (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 2001-12-18 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Combustion process and apparatus therefore containing separate injection of fuel and oxidant streams |
US6071116A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 2000-06-06 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Heat recovery apparatus and methods of use |
US6250916B1 (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 2001-06-26 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Heat recovery apparatus and methods of use |
US6193173B1 (en) * | 1998-06-15 | 2001-02-27 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Burner with an improved injector and process for manufacturing this injector |
US6233974B1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2001-05-22 | Combustion Tec | Oxygen-gaseous forehearth burner for air-fuel and oxy-fuel forehearth burner block geometries |
US20070281254A1 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2007-12-06 | Bertrand Leroux | Staged Combustion Method Using A Low-Oxygen Gas |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Gerhart et al., Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 1992, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Second Edition, pages 499-499. * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL1966537T3 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
JP5074417B2 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
CA2633019A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
ES2717351T3 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
AU2006329699A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
EP1966537A1 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
CA2633019C (en) | 2013-09-17 |
RU2387924C2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
TR201904082T4 (en) | 2019-04-22 |
CN101341363A (en) | 2009-01-07 |
RU2008130119A (en) | 2010-01-27 |
AU2006329699B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
FR2895490A1 (en) | 2007-06-29 |
BRPI0620398A2 (en) | 2011-11-16 |
EP1966537B1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
FR2895490B1 (en) | 2008-03-14 |
JP2009520944A (en) | 2009-05-28 |
WO2007074278A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
ZA200804883B (en) | 2009-04-29 |
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