US20090049826A1 - Exhaust Purification System of Internal Combustion Engine - Google Patents

Exhaust Purification System of Internal Combustion Engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090049826A1
US20090049826A1 US12/083,873 US8387307A US2009049826A1 US 20090049826 A1 US20090049826 A1 US 20090049826A1 US 8387307 A US8387307 A US 8387307A US 2009049826 A1 US2009049826 A1 US 2009049826A1
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Prior art keywords
fuel
addition
nox
amount
fuel addition
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US12/083,873
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English (en)
Inventor
Shunsuke Toshioka
Shinya Hirota
Takamitsu Asanuma
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Assigned to TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ASANUMA, TAKAMITSU, HIROTA, SHINYA, TOSHIOKA, SHUNSUKE
Publication of US20090049826A1 publication Critical patent/US20090049826A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/05—Systems for adding substances into exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine.
  • an internal combustion engine arranging in an engine exhaust passage an NOx adsorbent absorbing NOx in exhaust gas when the air-flow ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is lean and releasing the adsorbed NOx when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas becomes rich, arranging a fuel addition valve in the engine exhaust passage upstream of the NOx adsorbent, adding fuel to the NOx adsorbent in the required fuel addition amount so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx adsorbent becomes temporarily rich when the NOx adsorbent should be made to release NOx, and adding the required fuel addition amount divided into a plurality of operations.
  • the NOx generated when fuel is burned under a lean air-fuel ratio is absorbed by the NOx adsorbent.
  • the NOx absorption ability of the NOx adsorbent approaches saturation, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is temporarily made rich and thereby NOx is released from the NOx adsorbent and reduced.
  • the overall addition time from the start of the initial divided addition to the end of the final divided addition becomes longer.
  • the amount of fuel added from the fuel addition valve is maintained at the required fuel addition amount, so the degree of richness of the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing in when fuel is added becomes smaller and the NOx is liable to be unable to be sufficiently released and reduced. That is, when correcting the divided injection time to extend it, it is necessary to correct the overall addition time to shorten it so as to reliably release and reduce the NOx.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine able to reliably release and reduce NOx even when the fuel addition rate of a fuel addition valve fluctuates from the regular value.
  • an exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine provided with an NOx adsorbent arranged in an engine exhaust passage, the NOx adsorbent absorbing NOx in exhaust gas when the inflowing exhaust gas has a lean air-fuel ratio and releasing the absorbed NOx when the inflowing exhaust gas has a rich air-fuel ratio, a fuel addition valve arranged in the engine exhaust passage upstream of the NOx adsorbent, an addition controlling means for adding fuel from the fuel addition valve to the NOx adsorbent in the required fuel addition amount when the NOx adsorbent should be made to release the NOx so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx adsorbent becomes temporarily rich, the addition controlling means performing divided addition adding the required fuel addition amount of fuel divided into a plurality of operations, a detecting means for detecting a fuel addition rate of the fuel addition valve or the amount of fluctuation of the fuel addition rate with respect to a regular value, and a correcting means for correcting
  • FIG. 1 is an overview of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine
  • FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of an NOx storing reduction catalyst
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views of a surface part of a catalyst carrier
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are views showing the structure of a particulate filter
  • FIG. 5 is a time chart for explaining the NOx release control
  • FIG. 6 is a view showing a map of an NOx absorption amount dNOx per unit time
  • FIG. 7 is a view showing a map of the required fuel addition amount Q
  • FIG. 8 is a time chart for explaining a fuel addition parameter
  • FIG. 9 is a view showing the relationship between an overall addition time tALL and NOx purification rate EFF
  • FIG. 9 is a view showing the relationship between an overall addition time tALL and NOx purification rate EFF
  • FIG. 10 is a view showing the relationship of the overall addition time tALL and NOx purification rate EFF
  • FIG. 11 is a view showing a map of an overall addition time optimum value tAM
  • FIG. 12 is a view showing a map of an overall addition time optimum value tAM
  • FIGS. 13A , 13 B, and 13 C are time charts for explaining fuel addition when correcting the overall addition time tALL to shorten it
  • FIG. 14 is a flow chart for NOx release control
  • FIG. 15 is a view showing another embodiment of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine
  • FIG. 16 is a time chart for explaining another embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 17 is a flow chart for NOx release control of another embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 18 is a view showing still another embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 19 is a view showing the relationship between the overall addition time tALL and exhausted HC amount
  • FIG. 20 is a time chart for explaining still another embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 21 is a flow chart for NOx release control of still another embodiment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the case of application of the present invention to a compression ignition type internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention can also be applied to a spark ignition type internal combustion engine.
  • 1 shows an engine body, 2 a combustion chamber of each cylinder, 3 an electronic control type fuel injector for injecting fuel into each combustion chamber 2 , 4 an intake manifold, and 5 an exhaust manifold.
  • the intake manifold 4 is connected through an intake duct 6 to an outlet of a compressor 7 a of an exhaust turbocharger 7 , while an inlet of the compressor 7 a is connected through an air flow meter 8 to an air cleaner 9 .
  • a throttle valve 10 Inside the intake duct 6 is arranged a throttle valve 10 .
  • a cooling device 11 for cooling the intake air flowing inside the intake duct 6 .
  • the engine cooling water is guided into the cooling device 11 where the engine cooling water is used to cool the intake air.
  • the exhaust manifold 5 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust turbine 7 b of the exhaust turbocharger 7 , while the outlet of the exhaust turbine 7 b is connected to an exhaust post-treatment device 20 .
  • the exhaust manifold 5 and the intake manifold 4 are connected with each other through an exhaust gas recirculation (hereinafter referred to as an “EGR”) passage 12 .
  • EGR exhaust gas recirculation
  • an electrical control type EGR control valve 13 is arranged inside the EGR passage 12 .
  • a cooling device 14 is arranged for cooling the EGR gas flowing through the inside of the EGR passage 12 .
  • engine cooling water is guided into the cooling device 14 where the engine cooling water is used to cool the EGR gas.
  • the fuel injectors 3 are connected through fuel feed pipes 15 to a common rail 16 .
  • This common rail 16 is supplied with fuel from an electronic control type variable discharge fuel pump 17 .
  • the fuel supplied into the common rail 16 is supplied through the fuel feed pipes 15 to the fuel injectors 3 .
  • the exhaust post-treatment device 20 is provided with an exhaust pipe 21 connected to an outlet of an exhaust turbine 7 b , a catalytic converter 22 connected to the exhaust pipe 21 , and an exhaust pipe 23 connected to the catalytic converter 22 . Inside the catalytic converter 22 are arranged, in order from the upstream side, an NOx storing reduction catalyst 24 and particulate filter 25 . Further, the exhaust pipe 23 is provided with a temperature sensor 26 for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas exhausted from the catalytic converter 22 and an air-fuel ratio sensor 27 for detecting the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas exhausted from the catalytic converter 22 . The temperature of the exhaust gas exhausted from the catalytic converter 22 expresses the temperature of the NOx storing reduction catalyst 24 and particulate filter 25 .
  • the exhaust manifold 5 has a fuel addition valve 28 attached to it.
  • This fuel addition valve 28 is supplied with fuel from the common rail 16 .
  • Fuel is added from the fuel addition valve 28 to the inside of the exhaust manifold 5 .
  • this fuel is comprised of diesel oil. Note that the fuel addition valve 28 can also be attached to the exhaust pipe 21 .
  • the electronic control unit 30 is comprised of a digital computer and is provided with a ROM (read only memory) 32 , RAM (random access memory) 33 , CPU (microprocessor) 34 , input port 35 , and output port 36 connected with each other by a bi-directional bus 31 .
  • the output signals of the air flow meter 8 , temperature sensor 26 , and air-fuel ratio sensor 27 are input through the corresponding AD converters 37 to the input port 35 .
  • the accelerator pedal 39 has connected to it a load sensor 50 generating an output voltage proportional to the amount of depression L of the accelerator pedal 39 .
  • the output voltage of the load sensor 40 is input through the corresponding AD converter 37 to the input port 35 .
  • the input port 35 has a crank angle sensor 41 connected to it generating an output pulse each time the crankshaft rotates by for example 15°.
  • the CPU 34 calculates the engine speed N based on the output pulse of the crank angle sensor 41 .
  • the output port 36 is connected through the corresponding drive circuits 38 to the fuel injectors 3 , throttle valve 10 drive device, EGR control valve 13 , fuel pump 17 , and fuel addition valve 28 .
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of the NOx storing reduction catalyst 24 .
  • the NOx storing reduction catalyst 24 forms a honeycomb structure and is provided with a plurality of exhaust gas flow passages 61 separated from each other by thin partition walls 60 .
  • a catalyst carrier comprised of alumina is carried on the two side surfaces of each partition wall 60 .
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B schematically show cross-sections of the surface parts of this catalyst carrier 65 .
  • the catalyst carrier 65 has a precious metal catalyst 66 carried dispersed on its surface. Further, the catalyst carrier 65 has a layer of an NOx adsorbent 67 formed on its surface.
  • the precious metal catalyst 66 platinum Pt is used.
  • the ingredient forming the NO x adsorbent 67 for example, at least one ingredient selected from potassium K, sodium Na, cesium Cs, or another such alkali metal, barium Ba, calcium Ca, or another such alkali earth, and lanthanum La, yttrium Y, or another such rare earth is used.
  • the NO x adsorbent 67 absorbs the NO x when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean and releases the absorbed NO x when the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas falls—in an “NO x absorption/release action”.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is made rich or the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas falls, so the reaction proceeds in the opposite direction (NO 3 ⁇ ⁇ NO 2 ) and therefore, as shown in FIG. 3B , the nitric acid ions NO 3 ⁇ in the NO x adsorbent 67 are released in the form of NO 2 from the NO x adsorbent 67 . Next, the released NO x is reduced by the unburned HC and CO contained in the exhaust gas.
  • fuel is supplied from the fuel addition valve 28 so as to temporarily make the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas rich and thereby make the NO x be released from the NO x adsorbent 67 .
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show the structure of the particulate filter 25 .
  • FIG. 4A shows a front view of the particulate filter 25
  • FIG. 4B shows a side cross-sectional view of the particulate filter 25 .
  • the particulate filter 25 forms a honeycomb structure and is provided with a plurality of exhaust flow passages 70 , 71 extending in parallel with each other. These exhaust flow passages are comprised of exhaust gas inflow passages 70 with downstream ends closed by plugs 72 and exhaust gas outflow passages 71 with upstream ends closed by plugs 73 . Note that the hatched parts in FIG. 4A show the plugs 73 .
  • the exhaust gas inflow passages 70 and exhaust gas outflow passages 71 are alternately arranged via thin partition walls 74 .
  • the exhaust gas inflow passages 70 and exhaust gas outflow passages 71 are arranged so that each exhaust gas inflow passage 70 is surrounded by four exhaust gas outflow passages 71 and each exhaust gas outflow passage 71 is surrounded by four exhaust gas inflow passages 70 .
  • the particulate filter 25 is for example formed from a porous material such as cordierite. Therefore, the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust gas inflow passage 70 , as shown by the arrows in FIG. 4B , passes through the surrounding partition walls 74 and flows out into the adjoining exhaust gas outflow passages 71 .
  • the peripheral walls of the exhaust gas inflow passages 70 and exhaust gas outflow passages 71 carry, for example, a catalyst carrier comprised of alumina.
  • a catalyst carrier comprised of alumina.
  • a precious metal catalyst 66 comprised of platinum Pt is carried diffused in it and a layer of an NO x adsorbent 67 is formed.
  • the NOx in the exhaust gas is also absorbed in the NOx adsorbent 67 on the particulate filter 25 .
  • the NOx absorbed in this NOx adsorbent 67 is released by the fuel addition valve 28 adding fuel.
  • the particulate matter contained in the exhaust gas is trapped on the particulate filter 25 and is successively oxidized.
  • the trapped amount of particulate matter becomes greater than the amount of oxidized particulate matter, the particulate matter is gradually deposited on the particulate filter 25 .
  • the deposited amount of the particulate matter increases, a drop in the engine output ends up being invited. Therefore, when the deposited amount of the particulate matter increases, the deposited particulate matter must be removed. In this case, if raising the temperature of the particulate filter 25 under an excess of air to about 600° C., the deposited particulate matter will be oxidized and removed.
  • the fuel addition valve 28 adds fuel, the heat of oxidation reaction of the added fuel is used to raise the temperature of the particulate filter 25 , and thereby the deposited particulate matter is removed by oxidation.
  • the NOx storing reduction catalyst 24 can be omitted.
  • a particulate filter 25 in FIG. 1 a particulate filter not carrying an NOx adsorbent 67 can be used.
  • the NOx amount dNOx absorbed in the NOx adsorbent 67 per unit time is stored as a function of the required torque TQ and engine speed N in the form of a map as shown in FIG. 6 in advance in the ROM 32 .
  • the cumulative value ⁇ NOx of the NOx amount absorbed in the NOx adsorbent 67 is calculated.
  • the fuel is added from the fuel addition valve 28 by the required fuel addition amount Q.
  • This required fuel addition amount Q is for example stored as a function of the intake air amount Ga and temperature Tc of the NOx adsorbent 67 in the form of a map as shown in FIG. 7 in advance in the ROM 32 .
  • the required fuel addition amount Q is added divided into a plurality of operations.
  • the divided addition of the time tDIV is performed four times separated by the intervals tINT.
  • n the number of divided additions
  • the overall addition time tALL from the start of the initial divided addition to the end of the final divided addition is expressed by the following formula:
  • the NOx purification rate EFF of the NOx adsorbent 67 changes was confirmed by the present inventors. This will be explained while referring to FIG. 9 .
  • the NOx purification rate EFF can for example be expressed by (Nin ⁇ Nout)/Nin.
  • FIG. 9 shows the NOx purification rate EFF of the NOx adsorbent 67 when holding the fuel addition amount constant and changing the overall addition time tALL. Note that for example by maintaining the divided addition time tDIV and number of divisions n and changing the interval tINT, it is possible to maintain the fuel addition amount constant and change the overall addition time tALL.
  • the NOx purification rate EFF falls as the overall addition time tALL becomes shorter than or longer than the optimum value tAM. This is considered to be because if the overall addition time tALL becomes shorter, the time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx adsorbent 67 is held rich becomes shorter and if the overall addition time tALL becomes longer, the degree of richness of the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx adsorbent 67 becomes smaller.
  • the fuel addition amount per unit time of the fuel addition valve 28 falls from the value when the fuel addition valve 28 is not clogged, that is, the regular value qp.
  • the amount of fuel actually added from the fuel addition valve 28 can be maintained at the required fuel addition amount Q.
  • the curve P shows the NOx purification rate EFF when the fuel addition rate q is the regular value qp
  • the curve C shows the NOx purification rate EFF when the fuel addition rate q falls from the regular value qp. Note that in each case, the amount of fuel actually added from the fuel addition valve 28 is maintained at the required fuel addition amount Q.
  • the NOx purification rate EFF shown by the curve C shifts in the direction where the overall addition time tALL becomes shorter and the optimum value tAMc of the overall addition time tALL for maximizing the NOx purification rate EFF becomes shorter than the optimum value tAMp when the fuel addition rate q is the regular value qp.
  • This is believed to be because of the following reasons. That is, if the fuel addition rate q falls, the penetrating force of the added fuel falls, so the added fuel depositing on the inside walls of the exhaust passage increases.
  • the fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q is detected, the optimum value tAM of the overall addition time is calculated in accordance with this fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q, and the overall addition time tALL is set to this optimum value tAM.
  • the divided addition time tDIV, interval tINT, or number of divisions n is corrected in accordance with the detected fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q so that the amount of fuel actually added in this overall addition time tALL matches with the required fuel addition amount Q.
  • the addition time required for adding the required fuel addition amount Q is substantially (Q/qp), so the divided addition time tDIVp when the fuel addition rate q is the regular value qp can be found from the following formula:
  • Various methods are known for detecting the fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q. For example, it is possible to detect the fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q in accordance with the extent of rise of the NOx adsorbent temperature Tc occurring when actually adding fuel from the fuel addition valve 28 . That is, it is learned that at the time of fuel addition, when the rise in the NOx adsorbent temperature Tc detected by the temperature sensor 26 ( FIG. 1 ) is large, the fuel addition rate q is large, while when the rise in temperature is small, the fuel addition rate q is small.
  • the fuel addition valve 28 when the fuel addition valve 28 adds fuel so as to release NOx from the NOx adsorbent 67 and reduce it, the fuel addition rate q or its addition amount ⁇ q is detected based on the NOx adsorbent temperature Tc. Based on this fuel addition rate q or its addition amount ⁇ q, the optimum value tAM of the overall addition time tALL is calculated from the map of FIG. 11 or FIG. 12 .
  • the overall addition time tALL is set to this optimum value tAM, the required fuel addition amount Q is calculated, and the divided addition time tDIV and interval tINT for making the amount of fuel actually added during the overall addition time tALL match with the required fuel addition amount Q are calculated using the fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q.
  • FIG. 13A and 13B show an example of addition of fuel when the fuel addition rate q falls below the regular value qp.
  • the overall addition time tALL is corrected to shorten it
  • the divided addition time tDIV is corrected to extend it
  • the interval tINT is corrected to shorten it
  • the number of divided additions n is maintained.
  • the overall addition time tALL is corrected to shorten it
  • the divided addition time tDIV is corrected to extend it
  • the number of divided additions n is reduced
  • the interval tINT is also corrected to shorten it.
  • FIG. 14 shows the NOx release control routine.
  • the NOx amount ⁇ NOx absorbed in the NOx adsorbent 67 is calculated.
  • the NOx amount dNOx absorbed per unit time is calculated from the map shown in FIG. 6 , and this dNOx is added to the NOx amount ⁇ NOx absorbed in the NOx adsorbent 67 .
  • the fuel addition parameter is calculated.
  • the divided addition time tDIV, interval tINT, and number of divided additions n required for addition of the required fuel addition amount Q calculated at step 102 in the overall addition time tALL preset at step 107 of the previous processing cycle are calculated using the fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q detected at step 106 of the previous processing cycle.
  • fuel is added based on the fuel addition parameter determined at step 103 .
  • the absorbed NOx amount ⁇ NOx is returned to zero.
  • the fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q is detected.
  • the overall addition time optimum value tAM is calculated from the map of FIG. 11 or FIG. 12 based on the fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q detected at step 106 . This optimum value tAM is set as the overall addition time tALL for the next fuel addition.
  • the overall addition time tALL, divided addition time tDIV, interval tINT, or number of divided additions n are not corrected and when the fuel addition rate q becomes smaller than a threshold value or its drop ⁇ q becomes larger than a threshold value, the overall addition time tALL etc. are corrected.
  • FIG. 15 shows another embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 15 differs in configuration from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in the point that an NOx sensor 80 is attached to the exhaust pipe 23 for detecting the NOx amount or NOx concentration flowing out from the NOx adsorbent 67 and the point that an alarm device 81 is provided for indicating a breakdown of the fuel addition valve 28 .
  • the output signal of the NOx sensor 80 is input through the corresponding AD converter 37 to the input port 35 , the alarm device 81 is connected through the corresponding drive device 38 to the output port 36 , and control is performed based on the output signal from the electronic control unit 30 .
  • the NOx purification rate EFF of the NOx adsorbent 67 is detected based on the output of the NOx sensor 80 .
  • the overall addition time tALL is corrected so that this NOx purification rate EFF is maintained at the maximum.
  • the overall addition time tALL becomes shorter than the optimum value tAM, the shorter the overall addition time tALL becomes, the more the NOx purification rate EFF drops. Therefore, in another embodiment according to the present invention, when as a result of the correction of the overall addition time tALL to shorten it, the overall addition time tALL is corrected to shorten it so long as the NOx purification rate EFF rises. When as a result of the correction of the overall addition time tALL to shorten it, the NOx purification rate EFF falls, the overall addition time tALL is corrected to extend it. In this way, the overall addition time tALL can be maintained at the optimum value tAM and the NOx purification rate EFF can be maintained at the maximum.
  • X indicates the timing when fuel is added for release and reduction of NOx.
  • the overall addition time tALL is for example corrected to shorten it by a small predetermined value ⁇ Y.
  • the NOx purification rate EFF rises, the overall addition time tALL is further corrected to shorten it by ⁇ Y.
  • the NOx purification rate EFF falls, the overall addition time tALL is extended by ⁇ Y, that is, is returned to the original value. In this way, the NOx purification rate EFF is maintained at the maximum.
  • FIG. 17 shows the NOx release control routine of another embodiment according to the present invention.
  • step 200 the NOx amount ⁇ NOx absorbed in the NOx adsorbent 67 is calculated.
  • step 201 it is determined whether the absorbed NOx amount ⁇ NOX has exceeded the allowable value MAX.
  • the routine proceeds to step 202 where the required fuel addition amount Q is calculated from the map of FIG. 7 .
  • step 203 the fuel addition parameter is calculated.
  • the divided addition time tDIV, interval tINT, and number of divided additions n required for addition of the required fuel addition amount calculated at step 202 in the overall addition time tALL preset at step 209 or step 212 of the previous processing cycle are calculated using the fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q detected at step 206 of the previous processing cycle.
  • the fuel is added based on the fuel addition parameter determined at step 203 .
  • the absorbed NOx amount ⁇ NOx is returned to zero.
  • the fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q is detected.
  • the NOx purification rate EFF of the NOx adsorbent 67 is detected.
  • step 208 it is determined if the current NOx purification rate EFF detected at step 207 is higher than the previous NOx purification rate EFF 0 .
  • the routine proceeds to step 209 , where the overall addition time tALL is shortened by the predetermined value AY.
  • step 210 the current NOx purification rate EFF is made EFF 0 .
  • step 212 the overall addition time tALL is extended by a predetermined value ⁇ Y.
  • step 210 the routine proceeds to step 213 .
  • FIG. 18 shows still another embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 18 differs in configuration from the embodiment of FIG. 15 in the point of an HC sensor 82 for detecting the amount of HC or HC concentration in the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx adsorbent 67 being attached to the exhaust pipe 23 .
  • the output signal of the HC sensor 82 is input through the corresponding AD converter 37 to the input port 35 .
  • FIG. 19 shows the HC amount QHC exhausted from the NOx adsorbent 67 when fuel is added when holding the fuel addition amount constant and changing the overall addition time tALL.
  • the curve P shows the HC amount QHC exhausted when the fuel addition rate q is the regular value qp
  • curve C shows the HC amount QHC exhausted when the fuel addition rate q falls from the regular value qp.
  • the HC amount QHC exhausted becomes greater, while as the overall addition time tALL becomes longer, the HC amount QHC exhausted becomes smaller.
  • the fuel addition rate q falls from the regular value qp, the NOx purification rate EFF shown by the curve C shifts in a direction where the overall addition time tALL becomes shorter. This is because, as explained above, if the fuel addition rate q falls, the degree of richness of the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx adsorbent 67 becomes smaller.
  • the HC amount QHC exhausted when fuel is added is detected by the HC sensor 82 and the overall addition time tALL is corrected so that this exhausted HC amount QHC matches with the target value QHCt. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 19 , the overall addition time tALL is corrected by being shortened from tAMpp to tAMcc. As a result, a large amount of HC being exhausted from the NOx adsorbent 67 can be prevented, the degree or richness of the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas can be maintained high, and the NOx can be released and reduced well.
  • X shows the timing for addition of fuel for release and reduction of NOx.
  • the overall addition time tALL is corrected to be shortened by for example a small predetermined value AZ.
  • the overall addition time tALL is extended by ⁇ Z, that is, is returned to the original value. In this way, the exhausted HC amount QHC is maintained at the target value QHCt.
  • FIG. 21 shows the NOx release control routine of still another embodiment according to the present invention.
  • step 300 the NOx amount ⁇ NOx absorbed in the NOx adsorbent 67 is calculated.
  • step 301 it is determined if the absorbed NOx amount ⁇ NOX has exceeded an allowable value MAX.
  • MAX allowable value
  • step 302 the required fuel addition amount Q is calculated from the map of FIG. 7 .
  • step 303 the fuel addition parameter is calculated.
  • the divided addition time tDIV, interval tINT, and number of divided additions n required for addition of the required fuel addition amount calculated at step 302 in the overall addition time tALL preset at step 309 or step 310 of the previous processing cycle are calculated using the fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q detected at step 306 of the previous processing cycle.
  • fuel is added based on the fuel addition parameter determined at step 303 .
  • the absorbed NOx amount ⁇ NOx is returned to zero.
  • the fuel addition rate q or its drop ⁇ q is detected.
  • the HC amount QHC exhausted from the NOx adsorbent 67 is detected.
  • step 308 it is determined whether the exhausted HC amount QHC detected at step 307 is smaller than the target value QHCt.
  • the routine proceeds to step 309 , where the overall addition time tALL is shortened by the predetermined value ⁇ Z.
  • the routine proceeds from step 308 to step 310 , where the overall addition time tALL is extended by a predetermined value ⁇ Z.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
US12/083,873 2006-05-24 2007-05-24 Exhaust Purification System of Internal Combustion Engine Abandoned US20090049826A1 (en)

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US20120090303A1 (en) * 2010-03-18 2012-04-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US20120117942A1 (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-17 GM Global Technology Operations LLC System and method for controlling a nitrogen oxide sensor
US20130017121A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US20130052086A1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2013-02-28 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US8707682B2 (en) 2011-08-25 2014-04-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9010090B2 (en) 2010-10-18 2015-04-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9010097B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2015-04-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9017614B2 (en) 2010-12-06 2015-04-28 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
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US9028761B2 (en) 2010-12-24 2015-05-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
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US9034268B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2015-05-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9032711B2 (en) 2010-04-01 2015-05-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
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US9097157B2 (en) 2011-11-09 2015-08-04 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9103259B2 (en) 2012-02-07 2015-08-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
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US9108154B2 (en) 2010-12-20 2015-08-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9109491B2 (en) 2011-02-07 2015-08-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9121325B2 (en) 2010-08-30 2015-09-01 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9140162B2 (en) 2011-02-10 2015-09-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9175590B2 (en) 2011-11-30 2015-11-03 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9238200B2 (en) 2010-08-30 2016-01-19 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9441515B2 (en) * 2013-02-05 2016-09-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9458745B2 (en) 2010-03-15 2016-10-04 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
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US20070220865A1 (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-27 Michael Cunningham Apparatus, system, and method for regenerating an exhaust gas treatment device
US20090151332A1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2009-06-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engine
US8074446B2 (en) * 2006-07-12 2011-12-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purification system for internal combustion engine
US9623375B2 (en) 2010-03-15 2017-04-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
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US9010090B2 (en) 2010-10-18 2015-04-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US20120117942A1 (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-17 GM Global Technology Operations LLC System and method for controlling a nitrogen oxide sensor
US8707677B2 (en) * 2010-11-12 2014-04-29 GM Global Technology Operations LLC System and method for controlling a nitrogen oxide sensor
US9017614B2 (en) 2010-12-06 2015-04-28 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
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US8820054B2 (en) * 2011-07-14 2014-09-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
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US9441515B2 (en) * 2013-02-05 2016-09-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine

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EP2031199A1 (en) 2009-03-04
CN101360894A (zh) 2009-02-04
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JP4613962B2 (ja) 2011-01-19
JPWO2007136141A1 (ja) 2009-10-01

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