US20080127697A1 - Sheet metal forming process - Google Patents
Sheet metal forming process Download PDFInfo
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- US20080127697A1 US20080127697A1 US11/565,061 US56506106A US2008127697A1 US 20080127697 A1 US20080127697 A1 US 20080127697A1 US 56506106 A US56506106 A US 56506106A US 2008127697 A1 US2008127697 A1 US 2008127697A1
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- preform
- die
- forming
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- draw
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/053—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure characterised by the material of the blanks
- B21D26/055—Blanks having super-plastic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to material forming; and more particularly, to a method for forming a metal sheet.
- One method involves a draw process wherein a punch pulls a portion of the metal sheet through a shaped die. During the process, the metal sheet typically undergoes a reduction or change in the cross-sectional area or wall thickness of the sheet. Such processes are typically limited by the material's ability to be strained past its rupture point. Thus, depending upon the complexity of the part, the forming stresses on the metal sheet during the forming process may result in metal failure or fatigue and correspondingly an unusable or scrap part.
- Superplastic forming is a process that takes advantage of a material's superplasticity or ability to be strained past its rupture point under certain elevated temperature conditions.
- Superplasticity in metals is defined by very high tensile elongation and is the ability of certain materials to undergo extreme elongation at proper temperature and strain rate.
- SPF is a process used to produce parts that are difficult to form using conventional fabrication techniques.
- the metal sheet or as often referred to the blank, is heated to a point of superplasticity after which a predefined gas pressure is applied to one side of the sheet.
- the pressure forces the sheet into a die cavity while maintaining a target strain rate for deforming the sheet throughout the forming cycle.
- the superplasticity of the material enables forming of complex components that normally cannot be formed by conventional room temperature metal forming processes.
- Use of a superplastic forming process enables forming a workpiece with a deep cavity or one formed over very small radii.
- Superplastic forming does have a disadvantage in that it normally requires relatively long forming cycle times. Specifically, a conventional SPF process used to manufacture a complex part can require a forming cycle time as high as 30 minutes.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,581,428 illustrates one method for forming a part that uses a single die capable of preforming both a mechanical draw process and superplastic forming process.
- the '428 patent utilizes a pre-forming punch disposed on one of the die members, wherein the punch pre-forms the blank prior to an application of gas pressure to the blank to complete the forming process. While this die structure and corresponding process is well suited to many applications, the die structure is somewhat complex and may not accommodate forming some aspects of a complex part such as small radii and corners without causing wrinkling during the drawing process.
- the present invention is a method for forming a workpiece, typically a metal sheet or blank.
- the method includes a multistage hot metal forming operation wherein the metal sheet or blank undergoes a first, pre-forming stage prior to undergoing a second, gas pressure or superplastic forming stage.
- the method includes a double-action hot draw die used to create a preform. Once created, the preform is mechanically or manually transferred to a conventional single-sided superplastic forming tool that forms the final part geometry utilizing a superplastic forming process.
- the method includes developing a preform geometry that reduces forming time and improves panel mobility during the gas or superplastic forming cycle by improving the forming aspect ratio, requiring less part or metal stretch to form over small radii and the ability to draw additional material from the binder area to reduce the amount of thinning required to form the part.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of loading a blank into a double-action draw die.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of utilizing the double-action draw die to create a preform.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of removing the preform from the double-action draw die.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of placing the preform in a superplastic forming die.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of closing the superplastic forming die.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of using superplastic forming to complete the process and form the finished workpiece.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of removing the workpiece from the superplastic forming die.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a preform prior to undergoing the superplastic forming process or stage of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a side view of the preform of FIG. 8 .
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a finished workpiece formed using the method of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1-3 schematically illustrate a double-action draw die 10 used to create a preform 12 from a blank 14 according to a first stage of the present invention.
- FIGS. 4-7 schematically illustrate a second stage of the present invention using a superplastic forming tool 40 to complete the forming process on the preform 12 to create a finished workpiece 18 .
- the process of the present invention is utilized with a blank 14 made of a lightweight sheet material, including a sheet of material formed of various aluminum and magnesium alloys.
- the draw die 10 includes an upper die member 20 having a die cavity 22 , a blank holder 24 and a punch 26 located on a lower die platen or member 28 .
- the draw die 10 Prior to beginning the forming process the draw die 10 is placed in a dual or double-action press (not shown) that operates to move the blank holder 24 independent of the punch 26 .
- a first step in the forming process is to place or load the blank 14 into the draw die 10 .
- the blank 14 is heated to a suitable forming temperature, typically the superplastic forming temperature of the particular material, prior to being loaded into the draw die 10 .
- Preheating the blank 14 may be accomplished by a variety of methods, including a preheat assembly having upper and lower platens that contact and heat the blank 14 .
- heated press platens or heaters embedded within the draw die 10 operate to heat the draw die 10 to the superplastic forming temperature of the blank 14 .
- Such preheat and heating assemblies for use with a superplastic forming tool are known to individuals of skill in the art.
- the blank 14 and corresponding draw die 10 are heated to the superplastic forming temperature of the blank material since the blank 14 ultimately undergoes a superplastic forming step in the second stage of the forming process.
- the preform 12 is already at a superplastic forming temperature and is therefore ready to undergo the second stage of the process thereby eliminating any wait time necessary to heat the preform 12 .
- Eliminating wait time correspondingly decreases the overall forming time necessary to form the finished workpiece 18 .
- the draw die 10 operates such that the punch 26 forces the blank 14 into the die cavity 22 to form the preform 12 with minimal thinning of blank 14 .
- the preform 12 includes two portions generally referred to as the cup 30 and flange 32 .
- punch 26 cooperates with the die cavity 22 to draw the ends of the blank 14 inward in the direction of the arrows 34 .
- the circumferential stresses occurring during the draw process make the flange 32 the critical region of the preform 12 .
- the blank holder 24 applies pressure to the flange 32 to suppress wrinkling and control material draw into the die cavity 22 .
- the blank holder 24 functions independently of the punch 26 whereby the blank holder 24 secures the periphery of the blank 14 to control the amount of material of the blank 14 drawn into the die cavity 22 .
- the draw process As illustrated in FIG. 3 , once the draw process is complete, the preform 12 , still at a superplastic forming temperature, is removed from the draw die 10 and transferred to the superplastic forming tool 40 . Accordingly, the draw process, as illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 , enables a general shaping of the preform 12 with the ability to draw additional material into the die cavity 22 to reduce the thinning effect on the preform 12 occurring during the superplastic forming process.
- a specific draw die 10 having a predetermined punch 26 and die cavity 22 configuration creates a preform 12 with a thickness profile suited to superplastic forming step occurring during the second stage of the process.
- the base 36 of the cup 30 may have a greater thickness than that of the sidewalls 38 .
- varying the pressure applied by the blank holder 24 on the flange 32 enables an operator to vary the design and corresponding thickness profile of the preform 12 .
- FIG. 4 shows the preform 12 of the disclosed embodiment as having a generally cup-shaped configuration 30 , with a base 36 , sidewalls 38 and a flange 32 , this is for illustrative purposes only and a plurality of complex configurations can be formed during the first, preform stage.
- the first, preform stage utilizes the draw die 10 to distribute material and create the preform 12 in a predetermined or preconfigured profile suited for the second, superplastic forming stage used to complete the process and form the workpiece 18 in the desired configuration.
- the superplastic forming tool 40 is either self-heated by heater elements located within the tool 40 or heated by contact/conduction with heated die platens located in a press assembly.
- the superplastic forming tool 40 includes an upper die member 42 including a mold cavity 44 having a mold surface 46 .
- a plurality of passageways 48 located in the upper die member 42 extend from the mold cavity 44 to the rear or outer surface 50 of the upper die member 42 .
- multiple passageways 48 may be located in the upper die member 42 .
- the superplastic forming tool 40 further includes a lower die member 52 having a passageway 54 for delivering gas or fluid at a predetermined pressure to the mold cavity 44 .
- the upper die member 50 includes an upper seal surface 56 and the lower die member 52 includes a lower seal surface 58 .
- the respective upper and lower seal surfaces 56 , 58 engage the flange portion 32 of the preform 12 to seal the preform 12 within the superplastic forming tool 40 such that the pressurized gas or fluid entering the mold cavity 44 through the passageway 54 acts on the preform 14 .
- the flange 32 of the preform 14 need not be a planar surface.
- the ultimate configuration of the preform 12 includes a flange 32 having a complex curvature, see FIGS. 8-10 .
- the respective seal surfaces 56 , 58 of the upper die member 42 and the lower die member 52 are configured such that they engage flange 32 and form a seal at or near the periphery 60 thereof.
- the term periphery refers to the region or zone adjacent an outer edge. Accordingly, it should be understood that the configuration of the periphery 62 of the draw die 10 and the periphery 64 of the superplastic forming tool 40 have a similar configuration.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the next step of supplying gas or fluid pressure through passageway 54 in the lower die member 52 to increase the pressure in the mold cavity 44 on one side of the preform 14 .
- Increasing the pressure in the mold cavity 44 drives the preform 12 in the direction of the arrows 68 towards and ultimately against the mold surface 46 of the upper die member 42 .
- any pressure or gas buildup between the preform 12 and the upper die member 42 is vented through the passageways 48 to the atmosphere.
- FIG. 7 illustrates opening the superplastic forming tool 40 and removing the completely formed workpiece 18 from the superplastic forming tool 40 upon completion of the superplastic forming process.
- FIGS. 8-10 show an illustrative example of a preform 12 and a workpiece 18 formed in accordance with the process of the present invention.
- the preform 12 and workpiece 18 both have a flange 32 having a complementary periphery 60 .
- the flange 32 as a curved configuration imparted to the flange 32 during the initial mechanical pre-form process. Accordingly, the mechanical forming step takes advantage of a faster forming operation to create the preform 12 .
- Having a complementary periphery 60 configuration enables removal of the preform 12 from the draw die 10 and immediate placement in the superplastic forming tool 40 without an extra step or need to reshape the flange 32 created during the draw stage of the process.
- the flange 32 forms a binder surface suitable for use during the superplastic forming stage of the process.
- the superplastic forming tool 40 may have complementary non-planar seal surfaces formed on the periphery 64 of each of the upper die member 42 and the lower die member 52 .
- the respective upper die member 42 and lower die member 52 close together on the flange 32 of the preform 12 they sandwich the flange 32 of the preform 12 between them and form the seal needed to complete the superplastic forming process.
- the present invention provides for a preform 12 design that makes use of the advantages of the draw die 10 to rapidly create a heated preform in a predetermined configuration.
- a preform 12 design that makes use of the advantages of the draw die 10 to rapidly create a heated preform in a predetermined configuration.
- the advantages of a conventional superplastic forming process such as forming of complex components that require drawing metal over a very small radii or forming deep cavities are now available in a single step at a reduced cycle time.
- the preform 12 may take a multitude of shapes including a non-planar flange or binder.
- the preform 12 is manually or mechanically transferred from the draw die 10 to the superplastic forming tool 40 wherein the final workpiece 18 is formed using a superplastic forming process.
- the preform 12 geometry or configuration is engineered to reduce forming time and to improve formability during the superplastic forming cycle by improving gas forming aspect ratios, requiring less stretch to form over radii and drawing additional material from the binder area to reduce the amount of thinning required to form the workpiece 18 .
- the preform 12 is formed in a hot draw die 10 such that the flow stress of the material during the draw process is very low which, substantially reduces the load requirements on the press ram and cushion system. Subsequently the draw die 10 can be constructed from lower strength material.
- the present invention provides for a process whereby deep draw components, such as inner door panels for automotive vehicles made from an aluminum or magnesium alloy, can be manufactured at a reduced cycle time over conventional superplastic forming processes.
- the disclosed process may also take advantage of the fact that both the draw die 10 and superplastic forming tool 40 can be placed in the same press whereby the heated press platens heat, through conductivity, both the draw die 10 and the superplastic forming tool 40 .
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Abstract
Description
- Not Applicable.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates generally to material forming; and more particularly, to a method for forming a metal sheet.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- Various methods are known for forming a metal sheet. One method involves a draw process wherein a punch pulls a portion of the metal sheet through a shaped die. During the process, the metal sheet typically undergoes a reduction or change in the cross-sectional area or wall thickness of the sheet. Such processes are typically limited by the material's ability to be strained past its rupture point. Thus, depending upon the complexity of the part, the forming stresses on the metal sheet during the forming process may result in metal failure or fatigue and correspondingly an unusable or scrap part.
- Superplastic forming (SPF) is a process that takes advantage of a material's superplasticity or ability to be strained past its rupture point under certain elevated temperature conditions. Superplasticity in metals is defined by very high tensile elongation and is the ability of certain materials to undergo extreme elongation at proper temperature and strain rate. SPF is a process used to produce parts that are difficult to form using conventional fabrication techniques.
- During the superplastic forming process, the metal sheet, or as often referred to the blank, is heated to a point of superplasticity after which a predefined gas pressure is applied to one side of the sheet. The pressure forces the sheet into a die cavity while maintaining a target strain rate for deforming the sheet throughout the forming cycle. The superplasticity of the material enables forming of complex components that normally cannot be formed by conventional room temperature metal forming processes. Use of a superplastic forming process enables forming a workpiece with a deep cavity or one formed over very small radii. Superplastic forming does have a disadvantage in that it normally requires relatively long forming cycle times. Specifically, a conventional SPF process used to manufacture a complex part can require a forming cycle time as high as 30 minutes.
- Further, superplastic forming cannot always be used to obtain a complex part in a single step and therefore may require two or more forming steps. U.S. Pat. No. 6,581,428 illustrates one method for forming a part that uses a single die capable of preforming both a mechanical draw process and superplastic forming process. The '428 patent utilizes a pre-forming punch disposed on one of the die members, wherein the punch pre-forms the blank prior to an application of gas pressure to the blank to complete the forming process. While this die structure and corresponding process is well suited to many applications, the die structure is somewhat complex and may not accommodate forming some aspects of a complex part such as small radii and corners without causing wrinkling during the drawing process.
- In addition, such die sets can be somewhat expensive, relatively complex and in some instances, suitable material from the binder area may not be pulled into the die during the draw process. Accordingly, there exists a need for a process for forming metal sheets or blanks that reduces the complexity of the die components while making use of both mechanical and superplastic forming processes.
- The present invention is a method for forming a workpiece, typically a metal sheet or blank. The method includes a multistage hot metal forming operation wherein the metal sheet or blank undergoes a first, pre-forming stage prior to undergoing a second, gas pressure or superplastic forming stage. The method includes a double-action hot draw die used to create a preform. Once created, the preform is mechanically or manually transferred to a conventional single-sided superplastic forming tool that forms the final part geometry utilizing a superplastic forming process.
- The method includes developing a preform geometry that reduces forming time and improves panel mobility during the gas or superplastic forming cycle by improving the forming aspect ratio, requiring less part or metal stretch to form over small radii and the ability to draw additional material from the binder area to reduce the amount of thinning required to form the part.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of loading a blank into a double-action draw die. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of utilizing the double-action draw die to create a preform. -
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of removing the preform from the double-action draw die. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of placing the preform in a superplastic forming die. -
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of closing the superplastic forming die. -
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of using superplastic forming to complete the process and form the finished workpiece. -
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an additional step of one embodiment of the process according to the present invention illustrating the step of removing the workpiece from the superplastic forming die. -
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a preform prior to undergoing the superplastic forming process or stage of the present invention. -
FIG. 9 is a side view of the preform ofFIG. 8 . -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a finished workpiece formed using the method of the present invention. - Referring now to the drawings,
FIGS. 1-3 schematically illustrate a double-action draw die 10 used to create apreform 12 from a blank 14 according to a first stage of the present invention.FIGS. 4-7 schematically illustrate a second stage of the present invention using a superplastic formingtool 40 to complete the forming process on thepreform 12 to create a finishedworkpiece 18. Typically, the process of the present invention is utilized with a blank 14 made of a lightweight sheet material, including a sheet of material formed of various aluminum and magnesium alloys. As shown inFIG. 1 , the draw die 10 includes anupper die member 20 having adie cavity 22, ablank holder 24 and apunch 26 located on a lower die platen ormember 28. Prior to beginning the forming process thedraw die 10 is placed in a dual or double-action press (not shown) that operates to move theblank holder 24 independent of thepunch 26. - A first step in the forming process is to place or load the blank 14 into the draw die 10. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the blank 14 is heated to a suitable forming temperature, typically the superplastic forming temperature of the particular material, prior to being loaded into the
draw die 10. Preheating the blank 14 may be accomplished by a variety of methods, including a preheat assembly having upper and lower platens that contact and heat the blank 14. In addition, heated press platens or heaters embedded within the draw die 10 operate to heat the draw die 10 to the superplastic forming temperature of the blank 14. Such preheat and heating assemblies for use with a superplastic forming tool are known to individuals of skill in the art. - The blank 14 and
corresponding draw die 10 are heated to the superplastic forming temperature of the blank material since the blank 14 ultimately undergoes a superplastic forming step in the second stage of the forming process. By preheating the blank 14 prior to undergoing the first stage of the process, thepreform 12 is already at a superplastic forming temperature and is therefore ready to undergo the second stage of the process thereby eliminating any wait time necessary to heat thepreform 12. Eliminating wait time correspondingly decreases the overall forming time necessary to form the finishedworkpiece 18. - As illustrated in
FIG. 2 the draw die 10 operates such that thepunch 26 forces the blank 14 into thedie cavity 22 to form thepreform 12 with minimal thinning of blank 14. Thepreform 12 includes two portions generally referred to as thecup 30 andflange 32. During the draw process,punch 26 cooperates with thedie cavity 22 to draw the ends of the blank 14 inward in the direction of thearrows 34. The circumferential stresses occurring during the draw process make theflange 32 the critical region of thepreform 12. In order to prevent wrinkling of theflange 32 and control the process, theblank holder 24 applies pressure to theflange 32 to suppress wrinkling and control material draw into thedie cavity 22. During operation of a double-action die, theblank holder 24 functions independently of thepunch 26 whereby theblank holder 24 secures the periphery of the blank 14 to control the amount of material of the blank 14 drawn into thedie cavity 22. - As illustrated in
FIG. 3 , once the draw process is complete, thepreform 12, still at a superplastic forming temperature, is removed from the draw die 10 and transferred to the superplastic formingtool 40. Accordingly, the draw process, as illustrated inFIGS. 1-3 , enables a general shaping of thepreform 12 with the ability to draw additional material into thedie cavity 22 to reduce the thinning effect on thepreform 12 occurring during the superplastic forming process. Thus, depending upon the particular geometry of the finished workpiece, a specific draw die 10 having apredetermined punch 26 and diecavity 22 configuration creates apreform 12 with a thickness profile suited to superplastic forming step occurring during the second stage of the process. For example, thebase 36 of thecup 30 may have a greater thickness than that of thesidewalls 38. In addition, varying the pressure applied by theblank holder 24 on theflange 32 enables an operator to vary the design and corresponding thickness profile of thepreform 12. WhileFIG. 4 shows thepreform 12 of the disclosed embodiment as having a generally cup-shapedconfiguration 30, with abase 36, sidewalls 38 and aflange 32, this is for illustrative purposes only and a plurality of complex configurations can be formed during the first, preform stage. Depending upon the ultimate configuration of theworkpiece 18 formed from the blank 14, the first, preform stage utilizes the draw die 10 to distribute material and create thepreform 12 in a predetermined or preconfigured profile suited for the second, superplastic forming stage used to complete the process and form theworkpiece 18 in the desired configuration. - As illustrated in
FIG. 4 , thepreform 12 is placed in a superplastic formingtool 40. The superplastic formingtool 40 is either self-heated by heater elements located within thetool 40 or heated by contact/conduction with heated die platens located in a press assembly. The superplastic formingtool 40 includes anupper die member 42 including amold cavity 44 having amold surface 46. A plurality ofpassageways 48 located in theupper die member 42 extend from themold cavity 44 to the rear orouter surface 50 of theupper die member 42. Depending upon the geometry of thecavity 44 and correspondingmold surface 46,multiple passageways 48 may be located in theupper die member 42. The superplastic formingtool 40 further includes alower die member 52 having apassageway 54 for delivering gas or fluid at a predetermined pressure to themold cavity 44. Theupper die member 50 includes anupper seal surface 56 and thelower die member 52 includes alower seal surface 58. When theupper die member 50 andlower die member 52 are placed in a closed position, the respective upper and lower seal surfaces 56, 58 engage theflange portion 32 of thepreform 12 to seal thepreform 12 within the superplastic formingtool 40 such that the pressurized gas or fluid entering themold cavity 44 through thepassageway 54 acts on thepreform 14. - It should be understood that the
flange 32 of thepreform 14 need not be a planar surface. For an example, the ultimate configuration of thepreform 12 includes aflange 32 having a complex curvature, seeFIGS. 8-10 . Accordingly, the respective seal surfaces 56, 58 of theupper die member 42 and thelower die member 52 are configured such that they engageflange 32 and form a seal at or near theperiphery 60 thereof. As used herein, the term periphery refers to the region or zone adjacent an outer edge. Accordingly, it should be understood that the configuration of theperiphery 62 of the draw die 10 and theperiphery 64 of the superplastic formingtool 40 have a similar configuration. - As illustrated in
FIG. 5 once theheated preform 12 is placed in the superplastic formingtool 40, the respective upper die member andlower die member 52 are closed forming a seal about theperipherally 60 of theflange 32.FIG. 6 illustrates the next step of supplying gas or fluid pressure throughpassageway 54 in thelower die member 52 to increase the pressure in themold cavity 44 on one side of thepreform 14. Increasing the pressure in themold cavity 44 drives thepreform 12 in the direction of thearrows 68 towards and ultimately against themold surface 46 of theupper die member 42. As thepreform 12 moves toward and ultimately contacts themold surface 46, any pressure or gas buildup between thepreform 12 and theupper die member 42 is vented through thepassageways 48 to the atmosphere.FIG. 7 illustrates opening the superplastic formingtool 40 and removing the completely formed workpiece 18 from the superplastic formingtool 40 upon completion of the superplastic forming process. -
FIGS. 8-10 show an illustrative example of apreform 12 and aworkpiece 18 formed in accordance with the process of the present invention. As shown, thepreform 12 andworkpiece 18 both have aflange 32 having acomplementary periphery 60. As illustrated, theflange 32 as a curved configuration imparted to theflange 32 during the initial mechanical pre-form process. Accordingly, the mechanical forming step takes advantage of a faster forming operation to create thepreform 12. Having acomplementary periphery 60 configuration enables removal of thepreform 12 from the draw die 10 and immediate placement in the superplastic formingtool 40 without an extra step or need to reshape theflange 32 created during the draw stage of the process. In this manner, theflange 32 forms a binder surface suitable for use during the superplastic forming stage of the process. Accordingly, the superplastic formingtool 40 may have complementary non-planar seal surfaces formed on theperiphery 64 of each of theupper die member 42 and thelower die member 52. When the respectiveupper die member 42 andlower die member 52 close together on theflange 32 of thepreform 12 they sandwich theflange 32 of thepreform 12 between them and form the seal needed to complete the superplastic forming process. - The present invention provides for a
preform 12 design that makes use of the advantages of the draw die 10 to rapidly create a heated preform in a predetermined configuration. By making thepreform 12 in a predetermined configuration, the advantages of a conventional superplastic forming process, such as forming of complex components that require drawing metal over a very small radii or forming deep cavities are now available in a single step at a reduced cycle time. As disclosed herein, thepreform 12 may take a multitude of shapes including a non-planar flange or binder. - The
preform 12 is manually or mechanically transferred from the draw die 10 to the superplastic formingtool 40 wherein thefinal workpiece 18 is formed using a superplastic forming process. As set forth above, thepreform 12 geometry or configuration is engineered to reduce forming time and to improve formability during the superplastic forming cycle by improving gas forming aspect ratios, requiring less stretch to form over radii and drawing additional material from the binder area to reduce the amount of thinning required to form theworkpiece 18. In addition, thepreform 12 is formed in a hot draw die 10 such that the flow stress of the material during the draw process is very low which, substantially reduces the load requirements on the press ram and cushion system. Subsequently the draw die 10 can be constructed from lower strength material. It should be understood that the present invention provides for a process whereby deep draw components, such as inner door panels for automotive vehicles made from an aluminum or magnesium alloy, can be manufactured at a reduced cycle time over conventional superplastic forming processes. The disclosed process may also take advantage of the fact that both the draw die 10 and superplastic formingtool 40 can be placed in the same press whereby the heated press platens heat, through conductivity, both the draw die 10 and the superplastic formingtool 40. - The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (3)
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US11/565,061 US7389665B1 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2006-11-30 | Sheet metal forming process |
DE102007046293A DE102007046293A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2007-09-27 | Metallblechumformverfahren |
GB0723419A GB2444403B (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2007-11-30 | A Sheet metal forming process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/565,061 US7389665B1 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2006-11-30 | Sheet metal forming process |
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US20080127697A1 true US20080127697A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
US7389665B1 US7389665B1 (en) | 2008-06-24 |
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US11/565,061 Expired - Fee Related US7389665B1 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2006-11-30 | Sheet metal forming process |
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US (1) | US7389665B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007046293A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2444403B (en) |
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CN102310142A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-01-11 | 天津市津兆机电开发有限公司 | Progressive die molding process for arc-shaped sheet metal component with U-shaped cross-section |
CN103071717A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-05-01 | 王国峰 | Superplastic forming die for aluminum alloy coating parts for railway vehicles and forming method for superplastic forming die |
JP2014036962A (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-27 | H One:Kk | Hydraulic forming method and hydraulic forming apparatus |
CN103611802A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-03-05 | 梧州恒声电子科技有限公司 | Forming die for oval cylinder cores of T iron |
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US7827840B2 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2010-11-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Multistage superplastic forming apparatus and method |
US20090272171A1 (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2009-11-05 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method of designing and forming a sheet metal part |
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DE102011121621A1 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Metal-plastic-hybrid component i.e. steel-plastic-hybrid component, manufacturing method for automobile industry, involves obtaining heat input for joining process from residual heat that remains in metal forging during transforming process |
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CN102310142A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-01-11 | 天津市津兆机电开发有限公司 | Progressive die molding process for arc-shaped sheet metal component with U-shaped cross-section |
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CN113412169A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2021-09-17 | Adm28责任有限公司 | Hybrid molding method and corresponding molding device |
CN111069417A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-28 | 大连海事大学 | Method for controlling forming resilience of panel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2444403A (en) | 2008-06-04 |
GB2444403B (en) | 2011-08-03 |
DE102007046293A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
GB0723419D0 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
US7389665B1 (en) | 2008-06-24 |
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