US20080000603A1 - Covalent Bonding of Carboxylated Cellulose Fiber Webs - Google Patents
Covalent Bonding of Carboxylated Cellulose Fiber Webs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080000603A1 US20080000603A1 US11/427,470 US42747006A US2008000603A1 US 20080000603 A1 US20080000603 A1 US 20080000603A1 US 42747006 A US42747006 A US 42747006A US 2008000603 A1 US2008000603 A1 US 2008000603A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carboxylated cellulose
- web
- oxazoline
- polymer
- covalent bonding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003504 2-oxazolinyl group Chemical group O1C(=NCC1)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001444 polymaleic acid Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 Alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000209134 Arundinaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical class [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZBJVLWIYKOAYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-2-yl 2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1 ZBJVLWIYKOAYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/20—Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/001—Modification of pulp properties
- D21C9/002—Modification of pulp properties by chemical means; preparation of dewatered pulp, e.g. in sheet or bulk form, containing special additives
- D21C9/005—Modification of pulp properties by chemical means; preparation of dewatered pulp, e.g. in sheet or bulk form, containing special additives organic compounds
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to methods for providing covalent bonds on cellulose fiber webs.
- Cellulose fibers are generally held together by hydrogen bonds.
- the average energy of a hydrogen bond is 1-5 Kcal.
- the strength of a paper product is typically related to the strength of the hydrogen bonding. Often times when attempts are made to strengthen the bonding of fibers, other properties are compromised, such as bulk, stiffness, etc. In some cases, increasing bond strength can increase the overall cost of the product, which is undesirable.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system for forming covalent bonds in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a representation of Epocros polymers in an embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a method for creating covalent bonding of webs by combining cellulosic fibers having a carboxyl content approximately greater than 7 meq/100 g with one or more crosslinking agents.
- a carboxyl group is placed onto a fiber.
- the fiber is then reacted with an oxazoline-functional polymer which has been combined with a polycarboxylate compound. Heat is applied to the treated web, and this enables formation of a cross-linked bridge in the form of a covalent bond.
- the covalent bonding of the carboxylated cellulose pulp webs utilizes oxazoline-functional polymers and polyacrylic acid.
- the oxazoline polymer in combination with polyacrylic acid should form a network polymer with covalent bonds to the cellulose carboxyl groups.
- the non-woven web may be strengthened by covalent bonding, thereby improving overall wet/dry strength of the final product.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a general class of polymers that have been functionalized with an oxazoline group.
- Conventional papermaking fiber may be utilized and a furnish for the same may refer to papermaking fibers made from any species, including hardwoods and softwoods, and to fibers that may have had a debonder applied to them but that are not otherwise chemically treated following the pulping/bleaching process or off-line post pulping/bleaching & drying process.
- the cellulose fiber may be obtained from any source, including cotton, hemp, grasses, cane, husks, cornstalks or other suitable source.
- the cellulose fiber is chemical wood pulp.
- the oxazoline-functional polymers may be, for example, any polymer containing an oxazoline containing moiety on the side chain.
- a polyfunctional compound capable of reacting to carboxyl groups e.g. polyols, polyepoxides, etc.
- the polycarboxylate compound may be, for example, a polymer or oligomer containing multiple carboxyl groups.
- the crosslinking agent can include a catalyst to accelerate the bonding reaction between the crosslinking agent and the cellulose molecule, but most crosslinking agents do not require a catalyst.
- Suitable catalysts include acidic salts which can be useful when urea-based crosslinking substances are used. Such salts include ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, or mixtures of these or other similar compounds. Alkali metal salts of phosphorus containing acids may also be used.
- the crosslinking agent typically is applied in an amount ranging from about 8 kg to about 100 kg chemical per ton of cellulose fiber.
- the polycarboxylate compound is applied in an amount ranging from about 8 kg to about 100 kg chemical per ton of cellulose fiber.
- the cellulosic fibers may have been treated with a debonding agent prior to treatment with the crosslinking agent.
- Debonding agents tend to minimize interfiber bonds and allow the fibers to separated from each other more easily.
- the debonding agent may be cationic, non-ionic or anionic. Cationic debonding agents appear to be superior to non-ionic or anionic debonding agents.
- the debonding agent typically is added to cellulose fiber stock.
- Suitable cationic debonding agents include quaternary ammonium salts. These salts typically have one or two lower alkyl substituents and one or two substituents that are or contain fatty, relatively long chain hydrocarbon. Non-ionic debonding agents typically comprise reaction products of fatty-aliphatic alcohols, fatty-alkyl phenols and fatty-aromatic and aliphatic acids that are reacted with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or mixtures of these two materials.
- debonding agents may be found in Hervey et al U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,395,708 and 3,544,862, Emanuelsson et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,122, Forssblad et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,677,886, Osborne III U.S. Pat. No. 4,351,699, Hellston et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,476,323 and Laursen U.S. Pat. No. 4,303,471 all of which are in their entirety incorporated herein by reference.
- a suitable debonding agent is Berocell 584 from Berol Chemicals, Incorporated of Metairie, La. It may be used at a level of 0.25% weight of debonder to weight of fiber. Again, a debonding agent may not be required.
- a conveyor 12 transports a cellulosic mat 14 into a treatment zone 16 where an applicator 18 applies a crosslinking agent onto the mat 14 .
- an applicator 18 applies a crosslinking agent onto the mat 14 .
- chemicals are applied optionally to both sides of the mat.
- the mat 14 is then conveyed into a dryer 20 followed by a flow through oven 22 to cure the crosslinking agent.
- the treated pads have low density and good stiffness.
- the pads can be cut easily using a sharp knife.
- the material is absorbent and strong even when wet.
- Fluff pulp modified to have a carboxyl content of 21 meq/100 g was used to make a 6 inch airlaid pad at 125 gsm.
- the carboxylated pulp can be in either a neutralized form or in a fully protonated (acid) form.
- the pads were sprayed with 10 gm of a solution of oxazoline functionalized polyacrylate (Epocros WS500) manufactured by Nippon Shokubai and polyacrylic acid (MW ⁇ 3500) from Rohm&Haas, to yield the required level of Epocros and polyacrylic acid shown in the table below.
- the Epocros level was varied from 3% to 7% based on fiber weight and the polyacrylic acid from 1% to 5% based on fiber weight.
- control pads contained only polyacrylic acid.
- the pads were dried and cured in a convection oven at 120° C. for 10 minutes.
- the pads were then tested for wet and dry tensile strength using an Instron testing device/system with a vertical pull. For the wet tensile, the pads were sprayed with 10 gm of deionized water, let stand for 10 minutes, then tested.
- Fluff pulp modified to have a carboxyl content from 3 to 35 meq/100 g was used to make a 6 inch airlaid pad at 125 gsm.
- the carboxylated pulp can be in either a neutralized form or in a fully protonated (acid) form.
- the pads were sprayed with 10 gm of a solution of Epocros WS500 and polyacrylic acid (MW ⁇ 3500) from Rohm&Haas, to yield the required level of Epocros and polyacrylic acid(PAA) shown in the table below.
- the Epocros level was varied from 3% to 7% based on fiber weight and the polyacrylic acid was held at 3% based on fiber weight.
- the pads were dried and cured in a convection oven at 120° C.
- pads were then tested for wet and dry tensile strength using an Instron testing device/system with a vertical pull. For the wet tensile, the pads were sprayed with 10 gm of deionized water, let stand for 10 minutes, then tested.
- Fluff pulp modified to have a carboxyl content of 21 meq/100 g was used to make a 6 inch airlaid pad at 125 gsm.
- the carboxylated pulp can be in either a neutralized form in a fully protonated (acid) form.
- the pads were sprayed with 10 gm of a solution of Epocros WS500 and polymaleic acid (MW ⁇ 3500) from Rohm&Haas, to yield the required level of Epocros and polymaleic acid shown in the table below.
- the Epocros level was varied from 3% to 7% based on fiber weight and the polymaleic acid from 1% to 5% based on fiber weight.
- the control pads contained only polymaleic acid.
- the pads were dried and cured in a convection oven at 120° C. for 10 minutes. The pads were then tested for wet and dry tensile strength using an Instron testing device/system with a vertical pull. For the wet tensile, the pads were sprayed with 10 gm of deionized water, let stand for 10 minutes, then tested.
- the Epocros is described as an oxazoline functionalized polymer.
- the particular polymer backbone used in the example here is a polyacrylate co-polymer.
- Other heating methods beyond those listed above are contemplated which will accelerate the reaction. These methods are known by those skilled in the art.
- the temperature range for heating may be approximately 60 degrees Celsius to 150 degrees Celsius. Curing for the process may occur via heat and/or pressure.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention generally relates to methods for providing covalent bonds on cellulose fiber webs.
- Cellulose fibers are generally held together by hydrogen bonds. The average energy of a hydrogen bond is 1-5 Kcal. The strength of a paper product is typically related to the strength of the hydrogen bonding. Often times when attempts are made to strengthen the bonding of fibers, other properties are compromised, such as bulk, stiffness, etc. In some cases, increasing bond strength can increase the overall cost of the product, which is undesirable.
- Thus, a need exists for a method for increasing bond strength between cellulose fibers without compromising properties of the final product.
- The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the following drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system for forming covalent bonds in an embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 2 is a representation of Epocros polymers in an embodiment of the present invention. - The present invention provides a method for creating covalent bonding of webs by combining cellulosic fibers having a carboxyl content approximately greater than 7 meq/100 g with one or more crosslinking agents. In a first step, a carboxyl group is placed onto a fiber. In an embodiment, the fiber is then reacted with an oxazoline-functional polymer which has been combined with a polycarboxylate compound. Heat is applied to the treated web, and this enables formation of a cross-linked bridge in the form of a covalent bond. In an embodiment, the covalent bonding of the carboxylated cellulose pulp webs utilizes oxazoline-functional polymers and polyacrylic acid. The oxazoline polymer in combination with polyacrylic acid should form a network polymer with covalent bonds to the cellulose carboxyl groups. The non-woven web may be strengthened by covalent bonding, thereby improving overall wet/dry strength of the final product.
-
FIG. 2 illustrates a general class of polymers that have been functionalized with an oxazoline group. - Conventional papermaking fiber may be utilized and a furnish for the same may refer to papermaking fibers made from any species, including hardwoods and softwoods, and to fibers that may have had a debonder applied to them but that are not otherwise chemically treated following the pulping/bleaching process or off-line post pulping/bleaching & drying process. The cellulose fiber may be obtained from any source, including cotton, hemp, grasses, cane, husks, cornstalks or other suitable source. In an embodiment, the cellulose fiber is chemical wood pulp.
- The oxazoline-functional polymers may be, for example, any polymer containing an oxazoline containing moiety on the side chain. In place of oxazoline containing polymers, one can use a polyfunctional compound capable of reacting to carboxyl groups (e.g. polyols, polyepoxides, etc.).
- The polycarboxylate compound may be, for example, a polymer or oligomer containing multiple carboxyl groups.
- The crosslinking agent can include a catalyst to accelerate the bonding reaction between the crosslinking agent and the cellulose molecule, but most crosslinking agents do not require a catalyst. Suitable catalysts include acidic salts which can be useful when urea-based crosslinking substances are used. Such salts include ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, or mixtures of these or other similar compounds. Alkali metal salts of phosphorus containing acids may also be used.
- The crosslinking agent typically is applied in an amount ranging from about 8 kg to about 100 kg chemical per ton of cellulose fiber. The polycarboxylate compound is applied in an amount ranging from about 8 kg to about 100 kg chemical per ton of cellulose fiber.
- The cellulosic fibers may have been treated with a debonding agent prior to treatment with the crosslinking agent. Debonding agents tend to minimize interfiber bonds and allow the fibers to separated from each other more easily. The debonding agent may be cationic, non-ionic or anionic. Cationic debonding agents appear to be superior to non-ionic or anionic debonding agents. The debonding agent typically is added to cellulose fiber stock.
- Suitable cationic debonding agents include quaternary ammonium salts. These salts typically have one or two lower alkyl substituents and one or two substituents that are or contain fatty, relatively long chain hydrocarbon. Non-ionic debonding agents typically comprise reaction products of fatty-aliphatic alcohols, fatty-alkyl phenols and fatty-aromatic and aliphatic acids that are reacted with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or mixtures of these two materials.
- Examples of debonding agents may be found in Hervey et al U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,395,708 and 3,544,862, Emanuelsson et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,122, Forssblad et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,677,886, Osborne III U.S. Pat. No. 4,351,699, Hellston et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,476,323 and Laursen U.S. Pat. No. 4,303,471 all of which are in their entirety incorporated herein by reference. A suitable debonding agent is Berocell 584 from Berol Chemicals, Incorporated of Metairie, La. It may be used at a level of 0.25% weight of debonder to weight of fiber. Again, a debonding agent may not be required.
- In
FIG. 1 , a conveyor 12 transports a cellulosic mat 14 into a treatment zone 16 where an applicator 18 applies a crosslinking agent onto the mat 14. Typically, chemicals are applied optionally to both sides of the mat. The mat 14 is then conveyed into adryer 20 followed by a flow throughoven 22 to cure the crosslinking agent. - The treated pads have low density and good stiffness. The pads can be cut easily using a sharp knife. The material is absorbent and strong even when wet.
- The present invention may be better understood by way of the following examples. It should be understood that, in the following examples, to produce the desired carboxyl groups in meq/100 g for experimentation, processes described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,379,494; 6,352,348 and 6,919,447 were utilized.
- Fluff pulp modified to have a carboxyl content of 21 meq/100 g was used to make a 6 inch airlaid pad at 125 gsm. The carboxylated pulp can be in either a neutralized form or in a fully protonated (acid) form. The pads were sprayed with 10 gm of a solution of oxazoline functionalized polyacrylate (Epocros WS500) manufactured by Nippon Shokubai and polyacrylic acid (MW˜3500) from Rohm&Haas, to yield the required level of Epocros and polyacrylic acid shown in the table below. The Epocros level was varied from 3% to 7% based on fiber weight and the polyacrylic acid from 1% to 5% based on fiber weight. The control pads contained only polyacrylic acid. The pads were dried and cured in a convection oven at 120° C. for 10 minutes. The pads were then tested for wet and dry tensile strength using an Instron testing device/system with a vertical pull. For the wet tensile, the pads were sprayed with 10 gm of deionized water, let stand for 10 minutes, then tested.
- From Table 1 it can be seen that there is a substantial increase in the dry tensile index with higher strength values for increasing polymer content. The data also show that higher strength values are obtained from the acid form of the carboxylated pulp. Similar results are shown in Table 2 for the wet tensile index.
-
TABLE 1 Dry tensile Index, Nm/g Percent Epocros Percent Polyacrylic Acid WS500 1% 3% 5% Tensile Index for acidic form of pulp Control 0.83 1.20 2.02 3% 1.17 3.62 2.38 5% 1.12 5.70 3.56 7% 1.53 5.08 4.18 Tensile Index for neutralized form of pulp Control 0.83 1.20 2.02 3% 2.65 3.62 2.29 5% 4.10 3.20 4.40 7% 3.28 3.74 5.15 -
TABLE 2 Wet Tensile Index, Nm/g Percent Epocros Percent Polyacrylic Acid WS500 1% 3% 5% Tensile Index for acidic form of pulp Control 0.17 0.35 0.49 3% 0.33 1.01 0.65 5% 0.32 1.21 1.18 7% 0.41 1.82 1.24 Tensile Index for neutralized form of pulp Control 0.17 0.35 0.49 3% 0.39 0.50 0.37 5% 0.89 0.71 0.69 7% 0.54 0.67 0.75 - Fluff pulp modified to have a carboxyl content from 3 to 35 meq/100 g was used to make a 6 inch airlaid pad at 125 gsm. The carboxylated pulp can be in either a neutralized form or in a fully protonated (acid) form. The pads were sprayed with 10 gm of a solution of Epocros WS500 and polyacrylic acid (MW˜3500) from Rohm&Haas, to yield the required level of Epocros and polyacrylic acid(PAA) shown in the table below. The Epocros level was varied from 3% to 7% based on fiber weight and the polyacrylic acid was held at 3% based on fiber weight. The pads were dried and cured in a convection oven at 120° C. for 10 minutes. The pads were then tested for wet and dry tensile strength using an Instron testing device/system with a vertical pull. For the wet tensile, the pads were sprayed with 10 gm of deionized water, let stand for 10 minutes, then tested.
- From Table 3 it can be seen that there is a substantial increase in the dry tensile index with an increase in the Epocros content, and there is an optimum carboxyl level. It is also apparent that the acid form of the carboxylated pulp is more reactive, yielding higher tensile strengths. Similar results are shown in Table 4 for the wet tensile index.
-
TABLE 3 Dry Tensile Index, Nm/g Percent Epocros - PAA Carboxyl content of pulp, meq/100 g on pulp 3 12 21 35 Tensile Index for acid form 3-3 1.13 1.59 3.62 1.62 5.3 1.45 1.60 5.70 2.15 7.3 2.14 1.82 5.08 4.01 Tensile Index for neutralized form 3-3 1.22 1.75 2.93 2.83 5-3 1.45 2.21 3.20 2.87 7-3 2.16 2.97 3.74 3.97 -
TABLE 4 Wet Tensile Index, Nm/g Percent Epocros - PAA Carboxyl content of pulp, meq/100 g on pulp 3 12 21 35 Tensile Index for acid form 3-3 0.25 0.35 1.01 0.48 5.3 0.30 0.45 1.21 0.54 7.3 0.39 0.49 1.82 0.81 Tensile Index for neutralized form 3-3 0.25 0.34 0.50 0.48 5-3 0.29 0.48 0.71 0.54 7-3 0.38 0.65 0.67 0.87 - Fluff pulp modified to have a carboxyl content of 21 meq/100 g was used to make a 6 inch airlaid pad at 125 gsm. The carboxylated pulp can be in either a neutralized form in a fully protonated (acid) form. The pads were sprayed with 10 gm of a solution of Epocros WS500 and polymaleic acid (MW˜3500) from Rohm&Haas, to yield the required level of Epocros and polymaleic acid shown in the table below. The Epocros level was varied from 3% to 7% based on fiber weight and the polymaleic acid from 1% to 5% based on fiber weight. The control pads contained only polymaleic acid. The pads were dried and cured in a convection oven at 120° C. for 10 minutes. The pads were then tested for wet and dry tensile strength using an Instron testing device/system with a vertical pull. For the wet tensile, the pads were sprayed with 10 gm of deionized water, let stand for 10 minutes, then tested.
- From Table 5 it can be seen that there is a substantial increase in the dry tensile index with higher strength values for increasing polymer content. The data also show that higher strength values are obtained from the acid form of the carboxylated pulp. Similar results are shown in Table 6 for the wet tensile index.
-
TABLE 5 Dry tensile Index, Nm/g Percent Epocros Percent Polyacrylic Acid WS500 1% 3% 5% Tensile Index for acidic form of pulp Control 0.53 1.20 1.35 3% 0.66 3.65 1.95 5% 1.56 3.9 2.64 7% 2.37 3.67 3.04 Tensile Index for neutralized form of pulp Control 0.53 1.20 1.35 3% 2.507 1.64 1.84 5% 2.04 2.26 1.75 7% 2.50 2.66 3.19 -
TABLE 6 Wet Tensile Index, Nm/g Percent Epocros Percent Polyacrylic Acid WS500 1% 3% 5% Tensile Index for acidic form of pulp Control 0.15 0.32 0.40 3% 0.21 0.69 0.49 5% 0.47 1.23 0.74 7% 0.86 1.24 1.13 Tensile Index for neutralized form of pulp Control 0.15 0.32 0.40 3% 0.32 0.31 0.34 5% 0.48 0.47 0.45 7% 0.62 0.61 0.72 - The Epocros is described as an oxazoline functionalized polymer. The particular polymer backbone used in the example here is a polyacrylate co-polymer. Other heating methods beyond those listed above are contemplated which will accelerate the reaction. These methods are known by those skilled in the art. The temperature range for heating may be approximately 60 degrees Celsius to 150 degrees Celsius. Curing for the process may occur via heat and/or pressure.
- While the embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, as noted above, many changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not limited by the disclosure of the embodiments. Instead, the invention should be determined entirely by reference to the claims that follow.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/427,470 US20080000603A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Covalent Bonding of Carboxylated Cellulose Fiber Webs |
TW096120370A TW200809043A (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2007-06-06 | Covalent bonding of carboxylated cellulose fiber webs |
PCT/US2007/070887 WO2008002764A2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2007-06-11 | Covalent bonding of carboxylated cellulose fiber webs |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/427,470 US20080000603A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Covalent Bonding of Carboxylated Cellulose Fiber Webs |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080000603A1 true US20080000603A1 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
Family
ID=38846391
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/427,470 Abandoned US20080000603A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Covalent Bonding of Carboxylated Cellulose Fiber Webs |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080000603A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200809043A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008002764A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130260143A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2013-10-03 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Laminated body |
US20140228487A1 (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2014-08-14 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Transparent substrate |
US20180347462A1 (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2018-12-06 | Raytheon Company | Flight vehicle air breathing propulsion system with isolator having obstruction |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6297319B1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2001-10-02 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Water-absorbing agent and production process therefor |
US6703077B1 (en) * | 1999-11-02 | 2004-03-09 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Subcoat for fiber adhesion |
US20040049166A1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2004-03-11 | Fung-Jou Chen | Absorbent articles with molded cellulosic webs |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6471824B1 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2002-10-29 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Carboxylated cellulosic fibers |
US6361651B1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2002-03-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Chemically modified pulp fiber |
US6750189B1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2004-06-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric enhancement compositions |
US20030101518A1 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2003-06-05 | Nano-Tex, Llc | Hydrophilic finish for fibrous substrates |
MXPA03004202A (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2003-09-22 | Weyerhaeuser Co | Crosslinked cellulosic product. |
-
2006
- 2006-06-29 US US11/427,470 patent/US20080000603A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-06-06 TW TW096120370A patent/TW200809043A/en unknown
- 2007-06-11 WO PCT/US2007/070887 patent/WO2008002764A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6297319B1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2001-10-02 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Water-absorbing agent and production process therefor |
US20040049166A1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2004-03-11 | Fung-Jou Chen | Absorbent articles with molded cellulosic webs |
US6703077B1 (en) * | 1999-11-02 | 2004-03-09 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Subcoat for fiber adhesion |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140228487A1 (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2014-08-14 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Transparent substrate |
US9388301B2 (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2016-07-12 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Cellulose-derived transparent substrate |
US20130260143A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2013-10-03 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Laminated body |
KR20130140627A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2013-12-24 | 도판 인사츠 가부시키가이샤 | Laminate and method for producing same |
US9404016B2 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2016-08-02 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Laminated body |
EP2644371A4 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2017-06-28 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Laminate and method for producing same |
KR101956393B1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2019-03-08 | 도판 인사츠 가부시키가이샤 | Laminate and method for producing same |
US20180347462A1 (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2018-12-06 | Raytheon Company | Flight vehicle air breathing propulsion system with isolator having obstruction |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200809043A (en) | 2008-02-16 |
WO2008002764A3 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
WO2008002764A2 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6572919B2 (en) | Crosslinkable cellulosic fibrous product | |
EP0440472B1 (en) | High bulking resilient fibers through cross linking of wood pulp fibers with polycarboxylic acids | |
CN101509194B (en) | Treated cellulosic fibers and absorbent articles made from them | |
US6582557B2 (en) | Fibrous composition including carboxylated cellulosic fibers | |
CN112166016B (en) | Method of making a dry-laid mat for thermoforming | |
US5755828A (en) | Method and composition for increasing the strength of compositions containing high-bulk fibers | |
EP0899377B1 (en) | High-bulk cellulosic fibers and process for making the same | |
CN1284144A (en) | Polymeric polycarboxylic acid crosslinked cellulosic fibers | |
WO2005035871A3 (en) | Cross-linked cellulose fibers and method of making same | |
US11339532B2 (en) | Modified fiber from shredded pulp sheets, methods, and systems | |
US20080000603A1 (en) | Covalent Bonding of Carboxylated Cellulose Fiber Webs | |
EP2206523B1 (en) | Treated cellulosic fibers and absorbent articles made from them | |
EP3221509B1 (en) | Binder compositions for making crosslinked cellulose fiber |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY, WASHINGTON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NEOGI, AMAR N.;JEWELL, RICHARD A.;PARK, DAVID W.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:018233/0165;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060821 TO 20060830 Owner name: WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY, WASHINGTON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NEOGI, AMAR N.;JEWELL, RICHARD A.;PARK, DAVID W.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060821 TO 20060830;REEL/FRAME:018233/0165 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WEYERHAEUSER NR COMPANY, WASHINGTON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:022835/0233 Effective date: 20090421 Owner name: WEYERHAEUSER NR COMPANY,WASHINGTON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:022835/0233 Effective date: 20090421 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |