US20070287829A1 - Preparation of metallotexaphyrins - Google Patents
Preparation of metallotexaphyrins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070287829A1 US20070287829A1 US10/537,379 US53737903A US2007287829A1 US 20070287829 A1 US20070287829 A1 US 20070287829A1 US 53737903 A US53737903 A US 53737903A US 2007287829 A1 US2007287829 A1 US 2007287829A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- optionally substituted
- formula
- compound
- alkoxy
- oac
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000005415 substituted alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000005708 carbonyloxy group Chemical group [*:2]OC([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004426 substituted alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004470 heterocyclooxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 13
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 10
- XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical group [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940086542 triethylamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 3
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- -1 OTFA Chemical compound 0.000 description 30
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 16
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 0 *C1=C(*)/C2=C/C3=C([3*])C([2*])=C4/C=C5/C([1*])=C([4*])C6=N5C57(N43)N(=CC1=N25)C1=C(C([9*])=C([8*])C([7*])=C1[6*])/N7=C/6 Chemical compound *C1=C(*)/C2=C/C3=C([3*])C([2*])=C4/C=C5/C([1*])=C([4*])C6=N5C57(N43)N(=CC1=N25)C1=C(C([9*])=C([8*])C([7*])=C1[6*])/N7=C/6 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004366 reverse phase liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- OVBFMEVBMNZIBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N -2-Methylpentanoic acid Natural products CCCC(C)C(O)=O OVBFMEVBMNZIBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoxycholic acid Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005677 ethinylene group Chemical group [*:2]C#C[*:1] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- AARXZCZYLAFQQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N motexafin gadolinium Chemical compound [Gd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.C1=C([N-]2)C(CC)=C(CC)C2=CC(C(=C2C)CCCO)=NC2=CN=C2C=C(OCCOCCOCCOC)C(OCCOCCOCCOC)=CC2=NC=C2C(C)=C(CCCO)C1=N2 AARXZCZYLAFQQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000000394 phosphonato group Chemical class [O-]P([O-])(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1.O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1 QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3alpha,5alpha,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-cholan-24-oic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004955 1,4-cyclohexylene group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- VOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N 17β-estradiol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPZHKLJPVMYFCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(CC#N)N=C1 DPZHKLJPVMYFCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004200 2-methoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GGLYDWDAMKQIJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6,9-trioxodecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(=O)CCC(=O)CC(O)=O GGLYDWDAMKQIJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUQQVFQGWWMQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dioxoheptanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(=O)CC(O)=O WUQQVFQGWWMQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXNBDFWNYRNIBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 MXNBDFWNYRNIBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl Chemical group [CH2]CCO QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-PZFLKRBQSA-N 4-amino-3,5-ditritiobenzoic acid Chemical compound [3H]c1cc(cc([3H])c1N)C(O)=O ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-PZFLKRBQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-butyl Chemical group [CH2]CCCO SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical group C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006519 CCH3 Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004380 Cholic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001841 cholesterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N cholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002471 cholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019416 cholic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N deoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003964 deoxycholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004990 dihydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005309 estradiol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182833 estradiol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical group CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097043 glucuronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003406 indolizinyl group Chemical group C=1(C=CN2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002510 mandelic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical group COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(O)=O YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- HGUZQMQXAHVIQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylethenamine Chemical group CNC=C HGUZQMQXAHVIQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000006410 propenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003859 secondary carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005717 substituted cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003458 sulfonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003860 tertiary carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006478 transmetalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transmetallation process for the synthesis of texaphyrin compounds of Formula II.
- Texaphyrins are synthetic porphyrin-like ligands which complex large metal cations, including the trivalent cations of the lanthanide series. Texaphyrins have the potential of treating diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and the like.
- motexafin gadolinium Xcytrin®, MGd
- This drug is currently in late stage clinical development as an adjuvant for radiation therapy of brain metastases.
- texaphyrins Given the utility of texaphyrins one needs to synthesize a diverse array of these compounds to study their utility. Texaphyrin synthesis had been reported, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,162,509, 5,530,122 and 5,569,759. The processes described are cumbersome, have limitations and have permitted synthesis of texaphyrins with limited number of metal cations. There is thus a need of new processes that can permit synthesis of a wider array of texaphyrins.
- the present invention provides a process of synthesizing texaphyrins of Formula II: wherein:
- the present invention provides a process of synthesizing texaphyrins of Formula II: wherein:
- a preferred embodiment provides a process wherein M 2 represents TI +3 , In +3 , Mn +2 , Fe +2 , Gd +3 , Co +3 , Dy +3 , Fe +3 , Bi +3 , Lu +3 , Y +3 , Tc +2 , Tc +3 , or Tc +4 ; and L is selected from OAc, PO 4 , NO 3 , OTFA, AcAc, Br, I and Cl.
- M 2 represents TI +3 , Mn +2 , Gd +3 , Co +3 , In +3 , Bi +3 , Dy +3 , Y 30 3 , or Lu +3
- the suitable medium is selected from EtOH, MeOH, DMF, CH 2 Cl 2 , CHCl 3 , THF, IPA, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, CH 3 CN, Et 3 N, DMSO, acetyl acetone and mixtures thereof.
- the suitable medium is selected from EtOH, MeOH, CH 3 CN, or mixtures thereof.
- process wherein the temperature ranges from about 40° C. to about 80° C., with a temperature range of from about 60° C. to about 70° C. being more preferred.
- Z in formula A is selected from Cl and OAc.
- the present invention in another one of its preferred embodiments provides a process wherein the compound of formula A are selected from InCl 3 , In(OAc) 3 , TI(OAc) 3 , Gd(OAc) 3 , Lu(OAc) 3 , and Mn(OAc) 2 , and the metal M 2 is selected from TI +3 , Mn +2 , Gd +3 , In +3 and Lu +3 .
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a process wherein the optional base is selected from sodium acetate, sodium citrate, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, triethyl amine, and sodium phosphate.
- a further preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention provides a process wherein the compound of Formula I is treated with a compound of formula A in the presence of a base selected from sodium acetate, sodium citrate, triethylamine, and 2,6-lutidine, with sodium acetate, triethylamine, and 2,6-lutidine being more preferred.
- a mixture of a compound of formula -A (M 2 -Z 3 ; 1 eq.) in a suitable medium (ethanol) was agitated in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer bar and a reflux condensor.
- the resulting reaction mixture then was agitated for about 60 minutes at a temperature of from about 25° C. to about 100° C.
- the reaction mixture then was cooled to ambient temperature.
- the desired product, compound of Formula II can be isolated by techniques, such as chromatography, known to one skilled in the art.
- a mixture of a compound of formula -A (InCl 3 ; 0.1054 mM) and Ethanol ( ⁇ 50 mL) was agitated at ambient temperature in a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirrer bar. The reaction vessel was maintained under an atmosphere of nitrogen.
- the compound of Formula II was then isolated by subjecting the reaction mixture to reversed phase chromatography as described below.
- Two reversed-phase SepPakTM columns (tC18, 10 g) were conditioned by washing each column with 20 mL of MeOH, followed by 20 mL of 100 mM Ammonium Acetate (AA) buffer solution (pH 4.3). The above cooled reaction mixture was diluted with 100 mM AA buffer solution. To one of the prepared SepPakTM columns, the diluted reaction mixture was added, in aliquots, and allowed to flow through the column. The process was repeated until all of the reaction mixture was loaded onto the column. The In-Tex was then eluted from the column with 50 mL of a solvent mixture having a ratio of 3:2 v/v of MeOH and 100 mM AA buffer.
- AA Ammonium Acetate
- the In-Tex eluted from the first column with the free base texaphyrin and the other impurities remaining on the column.
- the elute collected from the column was diluted with 100 mM AA buffer and loaded onto the second SepPakTM column.
- the In-Tex was retained on the column matrix and washed with Dl water to wash away the residual salts.
- optionally substituted alkyl means either “alkyl” or “substituted alkyl,” as defined below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art with respect to any group containing one or more substituents that such groups are not intended to introduce any substitution or substitution patterns (e.g., substituted alkyl includes optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, which in turn are defined as including optionally substituted alkyl groups, potentially ad infinitum) that are sterically impractical and/or synthetically non-feasible.
- suitable medium is intended to represent solvents that can facilitate the exchange of metal cation M 1 for metal cation M 2 .
- One skilled in the art can determine a solvent that can facilitate such an exchange through routine experimentation.
- One of the characteristics of a suitable medium is that it at least partially dissolves the reactants and reagents used in the present invention.
- Illustrative examples of a suitable solvent are EtOH, MeOH, THF, DMF, DMSO, CH 2 Cl 2 and the like.
- base is intended to represent a chemical agent that neutralizes protons and/or acidic species.
- Illustrative examples of a base are sodium acetate, sodium citrate, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, triethyl amine, and sodium phosphate.
- acyl refers to the groups —C(O)—H, —C(O)-(optionally substituted alkyl), —C(O)-(optionally substituted cycloalkyl), —C(O)-(optionally substituted alkenyl), —C(O)-(optionally substituted cycloalkenyl), —C(O)-(optionally substituted aryl), —C(O)-(optionally substituted heteroaryl) and —C(O)-(optionally substituted heterocyclyl).
- acyloxy refers to the moiety —O-acyl, including, for example, —O—C(O)-alkyl.
- alkoxy refers to the groups' —O-alkyl, —O-alkenyl, —O-cycloalkyl, —O-cycloalkenyl, and —O-alkynyl.
- Preferred alkoxy groups are —O-alkyl and include, by way of example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, 1,2-dimethylbutoxy, and the like.
- substituted alkoxy refers to the groups —O-(substituted alkyl), —O-(substituted alkenyl), —O-(substituted cycloalkyl), —O-(substituted cycloalkenyl), —O-(substituted alkynyl) and —O-(optionally substituted alkylene)-alkoxy.
- One preferred substituted alkoxy group is “polyalkoxy” or —O-(substituted alkylene)-alkoxy, and includes groups such as —OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , and (or PEG) groups such as —O(CH 2 CH 2 O) x CH 3 , where x is an integer of about 2-20, preferably about 2-10, and more preferably about 2-5.
- Another preferred substituted alkoxy group is —O-(substituted,alkyl), and includes groups such as —OCH 2 (CH 2 ) y OH, where y is an integer of about 1-10, preferably about 1-4.
- alkoxyalkylene refers to the groups: -alkylene-O-alkyl, -alkylene-O-(substituted alkyl), -(substituted alkylene)-O-alkyl and -(substituted alkylene)-O-(substituted alkyl).
- a preferred alkoxyalkylene group is -alkylene-O-alkyl and include, by way of example, methoxymethylene (—CH 2 OCH 3 ), methoxyethylene (—CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 ), n-(iso-propoxy)propylene [—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ] and the like.
- alkenyl refers to a monoradical of a branched or unbranched unsaturated hydrocarbon group preferably having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms and even more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having at least 1 and preferably from 1-6 sites of vinyl unsaturation.
- Preferred alkenyl groups include ethenyl (—CH ⁇ CH 2 ), 2-propen-1-yl (—CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 ), isopropenyl [—C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 ], and the like.
- substituted alkenyl refers to an alkenyl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ⁇ O, ⁇ S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, optionally substituted azo, phosphonato, phosphono, sulfanyl,
- alkenylene refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, alkenyl. This term is exemplified by groups such as ethenylene (—CH ⁇ CH—), the propenylene isomers (e.g., —CH 2 CH ⁇ CH— and —C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH—) and the like.
- substituted alkenylene refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, substituted alkenyl.
- alkyl refers to a monoradical branched or unbranched saturated hydrocarbon chain preferably having from about 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably about 1 to 6 carbon atoms. This term is exemplified by groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, n-hexyl, n-decyl, tetradecyl, and the like.
- substituted alkyl refers to an alkyl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ⁇ O, ⁇ S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbony-l, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, phosphonato, phosphono, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, and
- hydroxyalkyl groups such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, and the like
- dihydroxyalkyl groups such as 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl, 2,4-dihydroxybutyl, and the like
- polyethylene glycols polypropylene glycols and polybutylene glycols, and the like.
- alkylene refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, alkyl. This term is exemplified by groups such as methylene (—CH 2 —), ethylene (—CH 2 CH 2 —), the propylene isomers [e.g., —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 — and —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —] and the like.
- substituted alkylene refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, substituted alkyl.
- substituted alkylenes are chloromethylene (—CH(Cl)—), aminoethylene (—CH(NH 2 )CH 2 —), methylaminoethylene (—CH(NHMe)CH 2 —), 2-carboxypropylene isomers (—CH 2 CH(CO 2 H)CH 2 —), ethoxyethylene (CH(OCH 2 CH 3 )CH 2 ), 3-oxapentylene (—CH 2 CH 2 O—CH 2 CH 2 —), N-methyl-3-azapentylene, (—CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 —), 3,6,9-trioxaundecylene (2-ethoxy-ethoxy)ethylene (—CH 2 CH 2 O—CH 2 CH 2 —OCH 2 CH 2 —OCH 2 CH 2 —), and the like.
- alkynyl refers to a monoradical of an unsaturated hydrocarbon, preferably having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms and even more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having at least 1 and preferably from 1-6 sites of acetylene (triple bond) unsaturation.
- Preferred alkynyl groups include ethynyl, (—C ⁇ CH), propargyl (or propynyl, —C ⁇ CCH 3 ), and the like.
- substituted alkynyl refers to an alkynyl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ⁇ O, ⁇ S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, optionally substituted azo, phosphonato, phosphono, sulfanyl
- alkynylene refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, alkynyl.
- Preferred alkynylene groups include ethynylene (—C ⁇ C—), propargylene (—CH 2 —C ⁇ C—) and the like.
- substituted alkynylene refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, substituted alkynyl.
- amino refers to the group —NH 2 .
- substituted amino refers to the group —NHR or —NRR where each R is independently selected from the group: acyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted aminocarbonyl, optionally substituted aryl, carboxy, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and optionally substituted heterocyclyl.
- Preferred amino substituents include optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl (also referred to as a “carbamate”), optionally substituted aminocarbonyl (also referred to as a urea) and heteroaryl.
- apical ligand refers to an anion that binds to the core metal of the metallotexaphyrin, e.g., with de-localized electrostatic or weak coordinate-covalent bonds.
- the number of apical ligands (n) is defined as an integer of 0-5. It should be noted that the apical ligands act to neutralize the charge on the metallotexaphyrin. Thus, typically n is 1 when M is a divalent cation, and n is 2 when M is a trivalent cation (because the core itself neutralizes one unit charge).
- R 1 , R 1a , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 4a , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 is capable of forming an acid addition salt, for example a carboxylate or a phosphate
- n will decrease appropriately.
- the apical ligands could have two functionalities capable of forming an anion, for example a dicarboxylic acid, and such ligands are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
- any molecule containing a carboxylic acid or phosphate may be used as an apical ligand, for example biomolecules, including lipoproteins, estradiol and amino acids, carboxylates of sugar derivatives, such as gluconic acid or glucoronic acid, cholesterol derivatives such as cholic acid and deoxycholic acid, PEG acids, organophosphates, such as methylphosphonic acid and phenylphosphonic acid, and phosphoric acid or other inorganic acids, and the like, or sulfonic acid derivatives such as methanesuffonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, or “carboxylic acid derivatives”, which term refers to compounds of the formula R—CO 2 H, in which R is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, or optionally substituted aryl, as defined above.
- gluconic and glucuronic acid and those carboxylic acid derivatives where R is optionally substituted alkyl, for example acids of 1-20 carbon atoms, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, 3,6,9-trioxodecanoic acid, 3,6-dioxoheptanoic acid, methylvaleric acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, and the like.
- acids of 1-20 carbon atoms such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, 3,6,9-trioxodecanoic acid, 3,6-dioxoheptanoic acid, methylvaleric acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, malonic acid
- R is aryl, in particular where R is optionally substituted phenyl, for example benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 3-fluorobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, p-toluene-sulfonic acid, and the like.
- aromatic refers to a cyclic or polycyclic moiety having a conjugated unsaturated (4 n +2) ⁇ electron system (where n is a positive integer), sometimes referred to as a delocalized it electron system.
- aryl refers to an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group of from 6 to 20 carbon atoms having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed (fused) rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl). Preferred aryls include phenyl, naphthyl and the like.
- substituted aryl refers to an aryl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ⁇ O, ⁇ S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, optionally substituted azo, phosphonato, phosphono, sulfanyl, sul
- aryloxy refers to the group —O-aryl.
- substituted aryloxy refers to the group —O-(substituted aryl).
- arylalkyl refers to the moiety “-alkylene-aryl” each having the meaning as defined herein. Such arylalkyl groups are exemplified by benzyl, phenethyl, 3-naphthylpropyl and the like. Arylalkyl moieties also fall within the definition of optionally substituted alkyl, e.g., as a 2-phenyl-n-pentyl moiety.
- substituted arylalkyl refers to the moiety “-(optionally substituted alkylene)- (optionally substituted aryl),” each having the meaning as defined herein, where at least one of the aryl or alkylene groups is substituted, e.g., 4-(N-methyl-pyrrolyl)pentylene.
- carbonyl refers to the di-radical “—C( ⁇ O)—”, which is also written as “—C(O)—”.
- (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl refers to the groups: —C(O)O-substituted alkyl), —C(O)O-(optionally substituted cycloalkyl), —C(O)O-(optionally substituted alkenyl), and —C(O)O-(optionally substituted alkynyl). These moieties are also referred to as esters.
- (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl refers to the group —C(O)-(optionally substituted amino). This moiety is also referred to as a primary, secondary or tertiary carboxamide.
- (optionally substituted alkyl)carbonyloxy refers to the group —O—C(O)-(optionally substituted alkyl). This moiety is also referred to as a “carbonate.”
- (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy refers to the group —O—C(O)-(optionally substituted amino). This moiety is also referred to as a “carbamate.”
- cycloalkyl refers to non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon groups having about 3 to 40 (preferably about 4 to 15) carbon atoms having a single ring or multiple condensed rings.
- Such cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, single ring structures such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclooctyl, and the like, or multiple ring structures such as adamantanyl, and the like.
- substituted cycloalkyl refers to a cycloalkyl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ⁇ O, ⁇ S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, phosphonato, optionally substituted azo, phosphono, sulfonyl,
- cycloalkylene refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, cycloalkyl, and is exemplified by 1,1-cyclopropylene, 1,2-cyclobutylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene and the like.
- substituted cycloalkylene refers to the diradical derived from substituted cycloalkyl as defined above.
- heteroaryl refers to an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having about 1 to 40 (preferably from about 3 to 15) carbon atoms and about 1 to 10 hetero atoms (preferably about 1 to 4 heteroatoms, selected from nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and/or oxygen) within at least one ring.
- heteroaryl groups can have a single ring (e.g., pyridyl or furyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., indolizinyl or benzothienyl).
- Preferred heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrrolyl and furyl.
- substituted heteroaryl refers to a heteroaryl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ⁇ O, ⁇ S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, optionally substituted azo, phosphonato, phosphono, sulfanyl, s
- heteroaryloxy refers to the group —O-heteroaryl. It is understood that the metals represented by M 2 in compounds of Formula II include all the isotopes of the respective metals. Thus, for example, when M 2 represents Indium (In) it is understood that all isotopes of Indium are included in the definition of M 2 . A list of all the metal isotopes can be found in the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 82nd edition, 2001-2002, David R. Lide editor-in-chief and is incorporated herein by reference.
- Illustrative examples of the metal isotopes are 90Y +3 , 153Gd +3 , 111In +3 , 115Cd +2 , 210Bi +3 , 147Nd +3 , 153Sm +3 , 166Dy +3 and 177Lu +3 .
- heteroarylene refers to the diradical group derived from heteroaryl (including substituted heteroaryl), as defined above, and is exemplified by the groups 2,6-pyridylene, 2,4-pyridylene, 1,2-quinolinylene, 1,8-quinolinylene, 1,4-benzofuranylene, 2,5-pyridylene, 2,5-indolylene and the like.
- heterocycle refers to a monoradical, saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having from about 3 to about 40 (preferably from about 3 to about 15) carbon atoms wherein one to about 10 carbon atoms are independently replaced hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, and selenium. In a preferred embodiment about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms are replaced by hetero atoms.
- Such heterocyclic groups can have a single ring or multiple condensed rings.
- Illustrative examples of a heterocycle are morpholino, piperidinyl, and the like.
- substituted heterocycle refers to a heterocyclyl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ⁇ O, ⁇ S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, phosphonato,
- heterocyclylooxy refers to the group —O-heterocycle.
- heterocyclylene refers to the diradical group formed from a heterocycle, as defined herein, and is exemplified by the groups 2,6-morpholino, 2,5-morpholino and the like.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/431,157, filed Dec. 4, 2002 (Attorney Docket No. 4235.00 US) and U.S. Provisional Application No. 601480,600, filed Jun. 19, 2003 (Attorney Docket No. 4235.01 US), both of which are incorporated by reference herein their entirety.
- The present invention relates to a transmetallation process for the synthesis of texaphyrin compounds of Formula II.
- Texaphyrins are synthetic porphyrin-like ligands which complex large metal cations, including the trivalent cations of the lanthanide series. Texaphyrins have the potential of treating diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and the like. One derivative, motexafin gadolinium (Xcytrin®, MGd), has been reported to localize to tumors and to enhance radiation response in animal tumor models. This drug is currently in late stage clinical development as an adjuvant for radiation therapy of brain metastases.
- Given the utility of texaphyrins one needs to synthesize a diverse array of these compounds to study their utility. Texaphyrin synthesis had been reported, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,162,509, 5,530,122 and 5,569,759. The processes described are cumbersome, have limitations and have permitted synthesis of texaphyrins with limited number of metal cations. There is thus a need of new processes that can permit synthesis of a wider array of texaphyrins.
-
- M1 represents a metal cation selected from Ca+2 and Mg+2;
- Q represents an integer of from about −5 to about +5;
- L represents a charge balancing species;
- “n” represents an integer of from 0 to +5;
- R1, R1a, R2, R3, R4, R4a, R7, and R8 are independently selected from acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydrogen, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted azo, S—R31, SO—R31, SO2—R31, and the moiety X—Y;
- R6 and R9 are independently selected from acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydrogen, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted azo, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and the moiety X—Y;
- X is a covalent bond or a linker;
- Y is a catalytic group, a chemotherapeutic agent or a site-directing group; and
- R31 represents acyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alky, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted aminocarbonyl, optionally substituted aryl, carboxy, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substituted heterocyclyl;
- to form a compound of Formula II with a metal cation M2
wherein: - M2 represents a metal cation selected from TI+3, Ti+3, In+3, Cr+2, Mn+2 , Fe+2, Gd+3, Co+3, Ni+2, Zn+2, Yb+2, Cd+2, Nd+3, Sm+3 , Eu+3, Tb+3, Dy+3, Y+3, Fe+3, Ga+3, Bi+3, Lu+3, Tc+2, Tc+3, Tc+4, U+3, Np+3, Pu+3, Am+3, Cm+3 and Cf+3;
- Q, L, “n” R1, R1a, R2, R3, R4, R4a, R7, and R8 are as indicated above;
- said process comprising treating, in a suitable medium, a compound of Formula I with a compound of formula A
M2-Z(2-4) formula A
wherein M2 is a s defined above and Z represents OAc, PO4, NO3, OTFA, AcAc, Br, I or Cl, optionally in the presence of a base and at a temperature of from about 25° C. to about 100° C., to form a compound of Formula II. -
- M1 represents a metal cation selected from Ca+2 and Mg+2;
- Q represents an integer of from about −5 to about +5;
- L represents a charge balancing species;
- “n” represents an integer of from 0 to +5;
- R1, R1a, R2, R3, R4, R4a, R7, and R8 are independently selected from acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydrogen, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted azo, S—R31, SO—R31, SO2—R31, and the moiety X—Y;
- R6 and R9 are independently selected from acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydrogen, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted azo, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and the moiety X—Y;
- X is a covalent bond or a linker;
- Y is a catalytic group, a chemotherapeutic agent or a site-directing group; and
- R31 represents acyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alky, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted aminocarbonyl, optionally substituted aryl, carboxy, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substituted heterocyclyl;
- to form a compound of Formula II with a metal cation M2
wherein: - M2 represents a metal cation selected from TI+3, Ti+3, In+3, Cr+2, Mn+2, Fe+2, Gd+3, Co+3, Ni+2, Zn+2, Yb+2, Cd+2, Nd+3, Sm+3 , Eu+3, Tb+3, Dy+3, Y+3, Fe+3, Ga+3, Bi+3, Lu+3, Tc+2, Tc+3, Tc+4, U+3, Np+3, Pu+3, Am+3, Cm+3 and Cf+3,
- Q, L, “n” R1, R1a, R2, R3, R4, R4a, R7, and R8 are as indicated above;
- said process comprising treating, in a suitable medium, a compound of Formula I with a compound of formula A
M2-Z(2-4) formula A - wherein M2 is as defined above and Z represents OAc, PO4, NO3, OTFA, AcAc, Br, I or Cl, optionally in the presence of a base and at a temperature of from about 25° C. to about 100° C., to formula II.
- A preferred embodiment provides a process wherein M2 represents TI+3, In+3, Mn+2, Fe+2, Gd+3, Co+3, Dy+3, Fe+3, Bi+3, Lu+3, Y+3, Tc+2, Tc+3, or Tc+4; and L is selected from OAc, PO4, NO3, OTFA, AcAc, Br, I and Cl.
- Another preferred embodiment provides a process wherein M2 represents TI+3, Mn+2, Gd+3, Co+3, In+3, Bi+3, Dy+3, Y30 3, or Lu+3, and the suitable medium is selected from EtOH, MeOH, DMF, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, THF, IPA, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, CH3CN, Et3N, DMSO, acetyl acetone and mixtures thereof. A further preferred embodiment provides a process wherein the suitable medium is selected from EtOH, MeOH, CH3CN, or mixtures thereof.
- Provided in another embodiment of the present invention is process wherein the temperature ranges from about 40° C. to about 80° C., with a temperature range of from about 60° C. to about 70° C. being more preferred. Another preferred embodiment provides a process wherein Z in formula A is selected from Cl and OAc.
- The present invention in another one of its preferred embodiments provides a process wherein the compound of formula A are selected from InCl3, In(OAc)3, TI(OAc)3, Gd(OAc)3, Lu(OAc)3, and Mn(OAc)2, and the metal M2 is selected from TI+3, Mn+2, Gd+3, In+3 and Lu+3.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a process wherein the optional base is selected from sodium acetate, sodium citrate, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, triethyl amine, and sodium phosphate. A further preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention provides a process wherein the compound of Formula I is treated with a compound of formula A in the presence of a base selected from sodium acetate, sodium citrate, triethylamine, and 2,6-lutidine, with sodium acetate, triethylamine, and 2,6-lutidine being more preferred.
- Experimental Details
-
- A mixture of a compound of formula -A (M2-Z3; 1 eq.) in a suitable medium (ethanol) was agitated in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer bar and a reflux condensor. To the agitating reaction mixture then was added a compound of Formula I (e.g., M1=Ca; 1 eq). The resulting reaction mixture then was agitated for about 60 minutes at a temperature of from about 25° C. to about 100° C. The reaction mixture then was cooled to ambient temperature. The desired product, compound of Formula II, can be isolated by techniques, such as chromatography, known to one skilled in the art.
-
- A mixture of a compound of formula -A (InCl3; 0.1054 mM) and Ethanol (˜50 mL) was agitated at ambient temperature in a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirrer bar. The reaction vessel was maintained under an atmosphere of nitrogen. A compound of Formula I (M1=Ca; 0.1054 mM) then was added to the agitating reaction mixture followed by about 10 mL ethanol. The resulting mixture then was agitated at a temperature of about 70° C. for about 60 minutes. The reaction mixture then was cooled to ambient temperature. The compound of Formula II was then isolated by subjecting the reaction mixture to reversed phase chromatography as described below.
- Procedure 2
- A mixture of a compound of formula -A (InCl3; 0.1054 mM), Ethanol (˜50 mL), sodium acetate (3.0477 mM) and 1 mL of 0.05 mM HCl was agitated at ambient temperature in a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condensor and a stirrer bar. The reaction vessel was maintained under an atmosphere of nitrogen. A compound of Formula I (M1=Ca; 0.1054 mM) then was added to the agitating reaction mixture followed by about 10 mL ethanol. The resulting mixture then was agitated at a temperature of about 70° C. for about 60 minutes. The reaction mixture then was cooled to ambient temperature. The compound of Formula II was then isolated by subjecting the reaction mixture to reversed phase chromatography as described below.
- Reversed Phase Chromatography
- Two reversed-phase SepPak™ columns (tC18, 10 g) were conditioned by washing each column with 20 mL of MeOH, followed by 20 mL of 100 mM Ammonium Acetate (AA) buffer solution (pH 4.3). The above cooled reaction mixture was diluted with 100 mM AA buffer solution. To one of the prepared SepPak™ columns, the diluted reaction mixture was added, in aliquots, and allowed to flow through the column. The process was repeated until all of the reaction mixture was loaded onto the column. The In-Tex was then eluted from the column with 50 mL of a solvent mixture having a ratio of 3:2 v/v of MeOH and 100 mM AA buffer. The In-Tex eluted from the first column with the free base texaphyrin and the other impurities remaining on the column. The elute collected from the column was diluted with 100 mM AA buffer and loaded onto the second SepPak™ column. The In-Tex was retained on the column matrix and washed with Dl water to wash away the residual salts. Afterwards, the compound of Formula II (Indium Texaphyrin, M2=In) was eluted off the column with 30 mL of MeOH. The elute was collected and the solvent removed under reduced pressure.
- Compound Characterization:
- Characterization data for examples which were prepared by using Procedures 1 and 2 are as follows:
-
- M2=In+3
- Analyzed by HPLC, UV-vis, and LC/MS
- UV-vis analysis: Amax: 468 nm and 730 nm
- MS analysis: found 1046.3 (theoretical 1046.4 for C50H69N5O12In+)
-
- M2=Y+3
- Analyzed by HPLC, UV-vis, and LC/MS
- UV-vis analysis: Amax: 472 nm and 732 nm
- MS analysis: found 1020.4 (theoretical 1020.4 for C50H69N5O12Y+)
-
- M2=Gd+3
- Analyzed by HPLC, UV-vis, and LC/MS
- UV-vis analysis: Amax: 470 nm and 740 nm
- MS analysis: found 1089.3 (theoretical 1089.4 for C50H69N5O12Gd+)
-
- M2=Lu+3
- Analyzed by HPLC, UV-vis, and LC/MS
- UV-vis analysis: Amax: 472 nm and 732 nm
- MS analysis: found 1106.4 (theoretical 1106.4 for C50H69N5O12Lu+)
-
- M2=Mn+3
- Analyzed by HPLC, UV-vis, and LC/MS
- UV-vis analysis: Amax: 460 nm and 728 nm
- MS analysis: found 927.5 (theoretical 927.4 for C48H66N5O10Mn+)
-
- M2=TI+3
- Analyzed by HPLC, UV-vis, and LC/MS
- UV-vis analysis: Amax: 472 nm and 738 nm
- MS analysis: found 1136.3 (theoretical 1136.4 for C50H69N5O12TI+)
-
- M2=Nd+3
- Analyzed by HPLC, UV-vis, and LC/MS
- UV-vis analysis: Amax: 472 nm and 744 nm
- MS analysis: found 1075.4 (theoretical 1074.4 for C50H69N5O12Nd+)
-
- IPA: Isopropyl alcohol
- AcAc: Acetoacetone
- OTFA: O-trifluoro acetate (OCOCF3)
- OAc: OCOCH3
- As used in the present specification, the following words and phrases are generally intended to have the meanings as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicates otherwise.
- The term “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” means either “alkyl” or “substituted alkyl,” as defined below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art with respect to any group containing one or more substituents that such groups are not intended to introduce any substitution or substitution patterns (e.g., substituted alkyl includes optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, which in turn are defined as including optionally substituted alkyl groups, potentially ad infinitum) that are sterically impractical and/or synthetically non-feasible.
- The term “suitable medium”, as used herein is intended to represent solvents that can facilitate the exchange of metal cation M1 for metal cation M2. One skilled in the art can determine a solvent that can facilitate such an exchange through routine experimentation. One of the characteristics of a suitable medium is that it at least partially dissolves the reactants and reagents used in the present invention. Illustrative examples of a suitable solvent are EtOH, MeOH, THF, DMF, DMSO, CH2Cl2 and the like.
- The term “base”, as used herein, is intended to represent a chemical agent that neutralizes protons and/or acidic species. Illustrative examples of a base are sodium acetate, sodium citrate, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, triethyl amine, and sodium phosphate.
- The term “acyl” refers to the groups —C(O)—H, —C(O)-(optionally substituted alkyl), —C(O)-(optionally substituted cycloalkyl), —C(O)-(optionally substituted alkenyl), —C(O)-(optionally substituted cycloalkenyl), —C(O)-(optionally substituted aryl), —C(O)-(optionally substituted heteroaryl) and —C(O)-(optionally substituted heterocyclyl).
- The term “acyloxy” refers to the moiety —O-acyl, including, for example, —O—C(O)-alkyl.
- The term “alkoxy” refers to the groups' —O-alkyl, —O-alkenyl, —O-cycloalkyl, —O-cycloalkenyl, and —O-alkynyl. Preferred alkoxy groups are —O-alkyl and include, by way of example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, 1,2-dimethylbutoxy, and the like.
- The term “substituted alkoxy” refers to the groups —O-(substituted alkyl), —O-(substituted alkenyl), —O-(substituted cycloalkyl), —O-(substituted cycloalkenyl), —O-(substituted alkynyl) and —O-(optionally substituted alkylene)-alkoxy. One preferred substituted alkoxy group is “polyalkoxy” or —O-(substituted alkylene)-alkoxy, and includes groups such as —OCH2CH2OCH3, and (or PEG) groups such as —O(CH2CH2O)xCH3, where x is an integer of about 2-20, preferably about 2-10, and more preferably about 2-5. Another preferred substituted alkoxy group is —O-(substituted,alkyl), and includes groups such as —OCH2(CH2)yOH, where y is an integer of about 1-10, preferably about 1-4.
- The term “alkoxyalkylene” refers to the groups: -alkylene-O-alkyl, -alkylene-O-(substituted alkyl), -(substituted alkylene)-O-alkyl and -(substituted alkylene)-O-(substituted alkyl). A preferred alkoxyalkylene group is -alkylene-O-alkyl and include, by way of example, methoxymethylene (—CH2OCH3), methoxyethylene (—CH2CH2OCH3), n-(iso-propoxy)propylene [—CH2CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2] and the like.
- The term “alkenyl” refers to a monoradical of a branched or unbranched unsaturated hydrocarbon group preferably having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms and even more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having at least 1 and preferably from 1-6 sites of vinyl unsaturation. Preferred alkenyl groups include ethenyl (—CH═CH2), 2-propen-1-yl (—CH2CH═CH2), isopropenyl [—C(CH3)═CH2], and the like.
- The term “substituted alkenyl” refers to an alkenyl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ═O, ═S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, optionally substituted azo, phosphonato, phosphono, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, and sulfonyl.
- The term “alkenylene” refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, alkenyl. This term is exemplified by groups such as ethenylene (—CH═CH—), the propenylene isomers (e.g., —CH2CH═CH— and —C(CH3)═CH—) and the like.
- The term “substituted alkenylene” refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, substituted alkenyl.
- The term “alkyl” refers to a monoradical branched or unbranched saturated hydrocarbon chain preferably having from about 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably about 1 to 6 carbon atoms. This term is exemplified by groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, n-hexyl, n-decyl, tetradecyl, and the like.
- The term “substituted alkyl” refers to an alkyl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ═O, ═S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbony-l, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, phosphonato, phosphono, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, and sulfonyl.
- One of the preferred optional substituents for alkyl is hydroxy, exemplified by hydroxyalkyl groups, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, and the like; dihydroxyalkyl groups (glycols), such as 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl, 2,4-dihydroxybutyl, and the like; and those compounds known as polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and polybutylene glycols, and the like.
- The term “alkylene” refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, alkyl. This term is exemplified by groups such as methylene (—CH2—), ethylene (—CH2CH2—), the propylene isomers [e.g., —CH2CH2CH2— and —CH(CH3)CH2—] and the like.
- The term “substituted alkylene” refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, substituted alkyl. Examples of substituted alkylenes are chloromethylene (—CH(Cl)—), aminoethylene (—CH(NH2)CH2—), methylaminoethylene (—CH(NHMe)CH2—), 2-carboxypropylene isomers (—CH2CH(CO2H)CH2—), ethoxyethylene (CH(OCH2CH3)CH2), 3-oxapentylene (—CH2CH2O—CH2CH2—), N-methyl-3-azapentylene, (—CH2CH2N(CH3)CH2CH2—), 3,6,9-trioxaundecylene (2-ethoxy-ethoxy)ethylene (—CH2CH2O—CH2CH2—OCH2CH2—OCH2CH2—), and the like.
- The term “alkynyl” refers to a monoradical of an unsaturated hydrocarbon, preferably having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms and even more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having at least 1 and preferably from 1-6 sites of acetylene (triple bond) unsaturation. Preferred alkynyl groups include ethynyl, (—C≡CH), propargyl (or propynyl, —C≡CCH3), and the like.
- The term “substituted alkynyl” refers to an alkynyl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ═O, ═S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, optionally substituted azo, phosphonato, phosphono, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, and sulfony.
- The term “alkynylene” refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, alkynyl. Preferred alkynylene groups include ethynylene (—C≡C—), propargylene (—CH2—C≡C—) and the like.
- The term “substituted alkynylene” refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, substituted alkynyl.
- The term “amino” refers to the group —NH2.
- The term “substituted amino” refers to the group —NHR or —NRR where each R is independently selected from the group: acyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted aminocarbonyl, optionally substituted aryl, carboxy, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and optionally substituted heterocyclyl. Preferred amino substituents include optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl (also referred to as a “carbamate”), optionally substituted aminocarbonyl (also referred to as a urea) and heteroaryl.
- The term “apical ligand” refers to an anion that binds to the core metal of the metallotexaphyrin, e.g., with de-localized electrostatic or weak coordinate-covalent bonds. The number of apical ligands (n) is defined as an integer of 0-5. It should be noted that the apical ligands act to neutralize the charge on the metallotexaphyrin. Thus, typically n is 1 when M is a divalent cation, and n is 2 when M is a trivalent cation (because the core itself neutralizes one unit charge). However, if any of R1, R1a, R2, R3, R4, R4a, R6, R7, R8, and R9 is capable of forming an acid addition salt, for example a carboxylate or a phosphate, then n will decrease appropriately. It is also possible that the apical ligands could have two functionalities capable of forming an anion, for example a dicarboxylic acid, and such ligands are intended to be within the scope of the invention. In general, any molecule containing a carboxylic acid or phosphate may be used as an apical ligand, for example biomolecules, including lipoproteins, estradiol and amino acids, carboxylates of sugar derivatives, such as gluconic acid or glucoronic acid, cholesterol derivatives such as cholic acid and deoxycholic acid, PEG acids, organophosphates, such as methylphosphonic acid and phenylphosphonic acid, and phosphoric acid or other inorganic acids, and the like, or sulfonic acid derivatives such as methanesuffonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, or “carboxylic acid derivatives”, which term refers to compounds of the formula R—CO2H, in which R is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, or optionally substituted aryl, as defined above. Preferred are gluconic and glucuronic acid, and those carboxylic acid derivatives where R is optionally substituted alkyl, for example acids of 1-20 carbon atoms, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, 3,6,9-trioxodecanoic acid, 3,6-dioxoheptanoic acid, methylvaleric acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, and the like. Also preferred are those carboxylic acid derivatives where R is aryl, in particular where R is optionally substituted phenyl, for example benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 3-fluorobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, p-toluene-sulfonic acid, and the like.
- The term “aromatic” refers to a cyclic or polycyclic moiety having a conjugated unsaturated (4n+2) π electron system (where n is a positive integer), sometimes referred to as a delocalized it electron system.
- The term “aryl” refers to an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group of from 6 to 20 carbon atoms having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed (fused) rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl). Preferred aryls include phenyl, naphthyl and the like.
- The term “substituted aryl” refers to an aryl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ═O, ═S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, optionally substituted azo, phosphonato, phosphono, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, and sulfony (except as otherwise constrained by the definition for the aryl substituent).
- The term “aryloxy” refers to the group —O-aryl.
- The term “substituted aryloxy” refers to the group —O-(substituted aryl).
- The term “arylalkyl” refers to the moiety “-alkylene-aryl” each having the meaning as defined herein. Such arylalkyl groups are exemplified by benzyl, phenethyl, 3-naphthylpropyl and the like. Arylalkyl moieties also fall within the definition of optionally substituted alkyl, e.g., as a 2-phenyl-n-pentyl moiety.
- The term “substituted arylalkyl” refers to the moiety “-(optionally substituted alkylene)- (optionally substituted aryl),” each having the meaning as defined herein, where at least one of the aryl or alkylene groups is substituted, e.g., 4-(N-methyl-pyrrolyl)pentylene.
- The term “carbonyl” refers to the di-radical “—C(═O)—”, which is also written as “—C(O)—”.
- The term “(optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl” refers to the groups: —C(O)O-substituted alkyl), —C(O)O-(optionally substituted cycloalkyl), —C(O)O-(optionally substituted alkenyl), and —C(O)O-(optionally substituted alkynyl). These moieties are also referred to as esters.
- The term “(optionally substituted amino)carbonyl” refers to the group —C(O)-(optionally substituted amino). This moiety is also referred to as a primary, secondary or tertiary carboxamide.
- The term “(optionally substituted alkyl)carbonyloxy” refers to the group —O—C(O)-(optionally substituted alkyl). This moiety is also referred to as a “carbonate.”
- The term “(optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy” refers to the group —O—C(O)-(optionally substituted amino). This moiety is also referred to as a “carbamate.”
- The term “carboxy” or “carboxyl” refers to the moiety “—C(O)OH”, which is also illustrated as “—COOH”.
- The term “cycloalkyl” refers to non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon groups having about 3 to 40 (preferably about 4 to 15) carbon atoms having a single ring or multiple condensed rings. Such cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, single ring structures such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclooctyl, and the like, or multiple ring structures such as adamantanyl, and the like.
- The term “substituted cycloalkyl” refers to a cycloalkyl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ═O, ═S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, phosphonato, optionally substituted azo, phosphono, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, and sulfony (except as otherwise constrained by the definition for the cycloalkyl substituent).
- The term “cycloalkylene” refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, cycloalkyl, and is exemplified by 1,1-cyclopropylene, 1,2-cyclobutylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene and the like.
- The term “substituted cycloalkylene” refers to the diradical derived from substituted cycloalkyl as defined above.
- The term “heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having about 1 to 40 (preferably from about 3 to 15) carbon atoms and about 1 to 10 hetero atoms (preferably about 1 to 4 heteroatoms, selected from nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and/or oxygen) within at least one ring. Such heteroaryl groups can have a single ring (e.g., pyridyl or furyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., indolizinyl or benzothienyl). Preferred heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrrolyl and furyl.
- The term “substituted heteroaryl” refers to a heteroaryl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ═O, ═S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, optionally substituted azo, phosphonato, phosphono, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, and sulfony (except as otherwise constrained by the definition for the heteroaryl substituent).
- The term “heteroaryloxy” refers to the group —O-heteroaryl. It is understood that the metals represented by M2 in compounds of Formula II include all the isotopes of the respective metals. Thus, for example, when M2 represents Indium (In) it is understood that all isotopes of Indium are included in the definition of M2. A list of all the metal isotopes can be found in the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 82nd edition, 2001-2002, David R. Lide editor-in-chief and is incorporated herein by reference. Illustrative examples of the metal isotopes are 90Y+3, 153Gd+3, 111In+3, 115Cd+2, 210Bi+3, 147Nd+3, 153Sm+3, 166Dy+3 and 177Lu+3.
- The term “heteroarylene” refers to the diradical group derived from heteroaryl (including substituted heteroaryl), as defined above, and is exemplified by the groups 2,6-pyridylene, 2,4-pyridylene, 1,2-quinolinylene, 1,8-quinolinylene, 1,4-benzofuranylene, 2,5-pyridylene, 2,5-indolylene and the like.
- The terms “heterocycle”, “heterocyclic” and “heterocyclyl” are interchangeable, and refer to a monoradical, saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having from about 3 to about 40 (preferably from about 3 to about 15) carbon atoms wherein one to about 10 carbon atoms are independently replaced hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, and selenium. In a preferred embodiment about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms are replaced by hetero atoms. Such heterocyclic groups can have a single ring or multiple condensed rings. Illustrative examples of a heterocycle are morpholino, piperidinyl, and the like.
- The terms “substituted heterocycle”, “substituted heterocyclic” and “substituted heterocyclyl” refer to a heterocyclyl group in which 1 or more (up to about 5, preferably up to about 3) hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent independently selected from the group: ═O, ═S, acyl, acyloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aryloxy, carboxyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyloxy, (optionally substituted amino)carbonyloxy, cyano, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, halogen, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroaryloxy, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclooxy, hydroxyl, nitro, optionally substituted phosphine, phosphonato, optionally substituted azo, phosphono, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, and sulfony (except as otherwise constrained by the definition for the heterocyclic substituent).
- The term “heterocyclylooxy” refers to the group —O-heterocycle.
- The term “heterocyclylene” refers to the diradical group formed from a heterocycle, as defined herein, and is exemplified by the groups 2,6-morpholino, 2,5-morpholino and the like.
Claims (13)
M2-Z(2-4) formula A
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US20070072838A1 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2007-03-29 | Pharmacyclics, Inc. | High-purity texaphyrin metal complexes |
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