US20070107899A1 - Perforating Gun Fabricated from Composite Metallic Material - Google Patents
Perforating Gun Fabricated from Composite Metallic Material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070107899A1 US20070107899A1 US11/464,632 US46463206A US2007107899A1 US 20070107899 A1 US20070107899 A1 US 20070107899A1 US 46463206 A US46463206 A US 46463206A US 2007107899 A1 US2007107899 A1 US 2007107899A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- perforating gun
- layers
- intermetallic
- perforating
- tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OQPDWFJSZHWILH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Al].[Ti] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Al].[Ti] OQPDWFJSZHWILH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021326 iron aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021324 titanium aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJXVAJQDLVNWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Al].[Fe] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Al].[Fe] UJXVAJQDLVNWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000907 nickel aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- ANOBYBYXJXCGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous fluoride Chemical compound F[Sn]F ANOBYBYXJXCGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to enhancements in production of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations, and more particularly to a perforating gun for use downhole in a wellbore.
- one or more sections of the casing may be perforated to allow fluid from the formation zones to flow into the well for production to the surface or to allow injection fluids to be applied into the formation zones.
- hydrocarbons are retrieved from an uncased or “openhole” well.
- a perforating gun string is lowered into the well to a desired depth and then the gun is fired to create openings in the casing (in cased well operations) and to extend perforations into the surrounding formation. Production fluids in the perforated formation can then flow through the perforations and the casing openings into the wellbore.
- perforating guns which include gun carriers and shaped charges mounted on or in the gun carriers
- shaped charges carried in a perforating gun are often phased to fire in multiple directions around the circumference of the wellbore. When fired, shaped charges create perforating jets that form holes in surrounding casing as well as extend perforations into the surrounding formation.
- perforating guns exist.
- One type of perforating gun includes capsule shaped charges that are mounted on a strip in various patterns. The capsule shaped charges are protected from the harsh wellbore environment by individual containers or capsules.
- Another type of perforating gun includes non-capsule shaped charges, which are loaded into a sealed carrier for protection. Such perforating guns are sometimes also referred to as hollow carrier guns.
- the non-capsule shaped charges of such hollow carrier guns may be mounted in a loading tube that is contained inside the carrier, with each shaped charge connected to a detonating cord. When activated, a detonation wave is initiated in the detonating cord to fire the shaped charges.
- charges shoot through the carrier into the surrounding casing formation.
- One problem with a carrier gun is the damage done to the gun housing which can create unwanted debris and contaminants in the wellbore.
- the gun housing is subjected damage caused by internal pressure from the explosive gases released by the charges, and by high-velocity impacts from fragments of charge cases. Accordingly, a need exists for a gun housing that is capable of withstanding the damage caused by these extreme pressures and high velocity impacts.
- the present invention is directed at providing such a system.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a perforating system assembly including the components linked on a perforating gun string.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a profile view of a shaped charge in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3A shows a partial view of the perforating system in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3B displays a cross-sectional view of the shaped charge in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of a component in the perforating system assembly.
- a gun system fabricated from a multi-layer metallic/intermetallic laminate material that is used to perforate a wellbore, is provided.
- connection In the specification and appended claims, the terms “connect”, “connection”, “connected”, “in connection with”, and “connecting” are used to mean “in direct connection with” or “in connection with via another element”.
- set is used to mean “one element” or “more than one element”.
- up and “down”, “upper” and “lower”, “upwardly” and downwardly”, “upstream” and “downstream”, “above” and “below”, and other like terms indicating relative positions above or below a given point or element are used in this description to more clearly described some embodiments of the invention. However, when applied to equipment and methods for use in wells that are deviated or horizontal, such terms may refer to a left to right, right to left, or other relationship as appropriate.
- the steel used to fabricate gun carriers or housings for perforating guns is compounded and processed to balance high strength with high toughness, for collapse and swell resistance and cracking/splitting resistance, respectively.
- an embodiment of the present invention includes a laminate material used to fabricate the perforating gun components (e.g., gun carrier or housing, loading tube, and so forth) that are susceptible to damage from high internal gas pressures and impact of explosive components during perforation operations.
- the laminate material comprises interleaved layers of metallic and intermetallic compounds.
- metallic and intermetallic compounds include titanium and titanium aluminide, nickel and nickel aluminide, iron and iron aluminide, and iron and iron stanide.
- the laminate material may be produced by stacking multiple layers of aluminum and titanium (or other metals), and subsequently subjecting the stack of metals to high pressures and elevated temperatures.
- the aluminum reacts with a portion of the titanium to form a hard, strong intermetallic compound.
- Layers of titanium remain in between the layers of brittle intermetallic compound, providing toughness (crack resistance) to the laminate.
- the resulting material has advantageous mechanical properties, namely increased strength and penetration resistance.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,357,332 which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a process for making metallic-intermetallic composite laminate material for use in lightweight armor applications.
- the '332 Patent describes the process for making the laminate material from sheets with a tough first metal interleaved with sheets, and a second metal compounded with the first metal.
- the confined metal layers resist cracking and fracturing of the intermetallic layers.
- the interleaved sheets react under heat and pressure to react the metals to form a region of an intermetallic compound.
- the first set of metals may be fabricated are from metal or metal alloys such as titanium, nickel, vanadium, or iron; and the second set of metals may be fabricated from metal or metal alloys such as aluminum and alloys of aluminum.
- Intermetallic compounds are comprised of two specifically proportioned metals or metal alloys having a defined ratio of one atomic species to another, on specific lattice sites.
- the bonding is metallic, rather than ionic, but the ordered structure (which can be visualized as two interpenetrating lattices, each containing one atomic species) gives rise to high strength and hardness with limited ductility.
- a perforating gun e.g., a carrier, housing, loading tube, or other components
- a perforating gun may be fabricated from a metallic-intermetallic laminate material.
- the material may be formed into a tubular shape of appropriate dimensions. Once a suitable tube is available, application as a perforating gun is a simple matter of direct substitution of the high-strength steel tube conventionally employed.
- a method is provided to form a metallic-intermetallic laminate tube.
- a metallic-intermetallic laminate tube may be formed by wrapping alternating layers of aluminum and low-carbon steel such as iron (or alternatively, aluminum and titanium) around a mandrel with sufficient turns to build up a tube with an appropriate thickness and with an appropriate number of layers.
- the aluminum and iron form a series of iron aluminides analogous to a titanium aluminide. This is done by inserting a wrapped tube into a heated tubular die, with an inside diameter equal to the desired outside diameter of the finished laminate tube.
- the inside of the laminate tube is pressurized with air, nitrogen, argon, helium, or any suitable gas, to the required pressure, and the die is heated to the proper temperature.
- the die may be a clamshell shaped furnace that when closed, forms a cylindrical mold and can be opened to remove the finished tube.
- the laminate After allowing time for the aluminum to diffuse into and react with the iron, the laminate is cooled. This is one proposed means of fabricating the laminate material into a tubular shape suitable for use as a perforating gun.
- this particular embodiment was described using layers of aluminum and iron, in other embodiments of the present invention other metals may be used for such layers that including and elements that form ordered intermetallic compounds.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perforating “carrier” gun string as used in conventional perforating operations in a wellbore 11 .
- the perforating gun string 5 may be suspended and run into the wellbore 11 by a wireline 1 , or any other conveyance mechanism (e.g., tubing, slickline, and so forth).
- the perforating gun string is positioned downhole within a casing 3 to the desired depth via the wireline 1 .
- the perforating gun may be deployed in uncased or open hole wells.
- the perforating gun string 5 may include one or more guns coupled together in series, each holding at least one explosive charge, and connected together by an adapter 9 .
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a shaped charge 101 that is connected to a detonating cord 109 .
- the shaped charge 101 includes an outer case 103 that is designed to hold an explosive 105 and liner 111 .
- the liner 111 and the case 103 encompass an explosive 105 that is contained inside the case.
- the primer column 107 provides the detonating connection between the detonation cord 109 and the explosive 105 .
- a detonation wave is created in the detonating cord 109 and activates the primer column 107 .
- This causes the explosive 105 to detonate and consequently create a detonation wave through the shaped charge 101 .
- the liner 111 collapses under the force of the explosive 105 charge.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B demonstrates an embodiment of a perforating gun system including an outer cylindrical tube or carrier 201 , and a loading tube 113 .
- the loading tube mechanically holds the holds the charges and is then inserted into the gun carrier 201 . After the shaped charges are detonated, the energy is transmitted through the loading tube 113 , to the gun carrier 201 .
- an embodiment of the gun carrier 201 may be formed from a multi layered metallic-intermetallic laminate 203 A.
- the loading tube 113 may also be formed from a multi-layered metallic and /or inter-metallic laminate 203 B.
- Embodiments of the present invention include a perforating gun system having a multi-layered laminate gun carrier or loading or both.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a tubular member 301 formed from a multi-layered laminate material.
- a perforating gun carrier or loading tube could represent the tubular member 301 .
- Each layer consists of a metal or metal alloy and an intermetallic compound of that element.
- the illustrated embodiment includes a tubular formed from five laminated layers, but it is intended that the present invention includes tubes for use in perforating gun systems including two or more laminate layers.
Abstract
A perforating gun and method of manufacture is provided for downhole perforation operations in a wellbore. The perforating gun includes tubular components fabricated from a multi-layer metallic/intermetallic laminate material. For example, the perforating gun may include a tubular gun carrier and/or loading tube fabricated from a multi-layers of two different metals (e.g., iron and aluminum) bonded together to form an intermetallic laminate.
Description
- The present invention relates generally to enhancements in production of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations, and more particularly to a perforating gun for use downhole in a wellbore.
- After a well has been drilled and casing has been cemented in the well, one or more sections of the casing, which are adjacent to formation zones, may be perforated to allow fluid from the formation zones to flow into the well for production to the surface or to allow injection fluids to be applied into the formation zones. In other productions, hydrocarbons are retrieved from an uncased or “openhole” well. Whether in a cased or open hole well, a perforating gun string is lowered into the well to a desired depth and then the gun is fired to create openings in the casing (in cased well operations) and to extend perforations into the surrounding formation. Production fluids in the perforated formation can then flow through the perforations and the casing openings into the wellbore.
- Typically, perforating guns (which include gun carriers and shaped charges mounted on or in the gun carriers) are lowered through tubing or other pipes to the desired well interval. Shaped charges carried in a perforating gun are often phased to fire in multiple directions around the circumference of the wellbore. When fired, shaped charges create perforating jets that form holes in surrounding casing as well as extend perforations into the surrounding formation.
- Various types of perforating guns exist. One type of perforating gun includes capsule shaped charges that are mounted on a strip in various patterns. The capsule shaped charges are protected from the harsh wellbore environment by individual containers or capsules. Another type of perforating gun includes non-capsule shaped charges, which are loaded into a sealed carrier for protection. Such perforating guns are sometimes also referred to as hollow carrier guns. The non-capsule shaped charges of such hollow carrier guns may be mounted in a loading tube that is contained inside the carrier, with each shaped charge connected to a detonating cord. When activated, a detonation wave is initiated in the detonating cord to fire the shaped charges. In a hollow-carrier gun, charges shoot through the carrier into the surrounding casing formation.
- One problem with a carrier gun is the damage done to the gun housing which can create unwanted debris and contaminants in the wellbore. During a perforation operation, the gun housing is subjected damage caused by internal pressure from the explosive gases released by the charges, and by high-velocity impacts from fragments of charge cases. Accordingly, a need exists for a gun housing that is capable of withstanding the damage caused by these extreme pressures and high velocity impacts. The present invention is directed at providing such a system.
- The manner in which these objectives and other desirable characteristics can be obtained is explained in the following description and attached drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a perforating system assembly including the components linked on a perforating gun string. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a profile view of a shaped charge in accordance with the present invention. -
FIG. 3A shows a partial view of the perforating system in accordance with the present invention. -
FIG. 3B displays a cross-sectional view of the shaped charge in accordance with the present invention. -
FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of a component in the perforating system assembly. - However, it should be noted that the appended drawings illustrate typical embodiments of this invention and are not to be considered limiting in scope. The invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
- In general, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a gun system, fabricated from a multi-layer metallic/intermetallic laminate material that is used to perforate a wellbore, is provided.
- In the specification and appended claims, the terms “connect”, “connection”, “connected”, “in connection with”, and “connecting” are used to mean “in direct connection with” or “in connection with via another element”. The term “set” is used to mean “one element” or “more than one element”. The terms “up” and “down”, “upper” and “lower”, “upwardly” and downwardly”, “upstream” and “downstream”, “above” and “below”, and other like terms indicating relative positions above or below a given point or element are used in this description to more clearly described some embodiments of the invention. However, when applied to equipment and methods for use in wells that are deviated or horizontal, such terms may refer to a left to right, right to left, or other relationship as appropriate.
- Typically, the steel used to fabricate gun carriers or housings for perforating guns is compounded and processed to balance high strength with high toughness, for collapse and swell resistance and cracking/splitting resistance, respectively.
- In general, an embodiment of the present invention includes a laminate material used to fabricate the perforating gun components (e.g., gun carrier or housing, loading tube, and so forth) that are susceptible to damage from high internal gas pressures and impact of explosive components during perforation operations. The laminate material comprises interleaved layers of metallic and intermetallic compounds. For example, combinations of metallic and intermetallic compounds include titanium and titanium aluminide, nickel and nickel aluminide, iron and iron aluminide, and iron and iron stanide.
- In some embodiments, the laminate material may be produced by stacking multiple layers of aluminum and titanium (or other metals), and subsequently subjecting the stack of metals to high pressures and elevated temperatures. In such embodiments, the aluminum reacts with a portion of the titanium to form a hard, strong intermetallic compound. Layers of titanium remain in between the layers of brittle intermetallic compound, providing toughness (crack resistance) to the laminate. The resulting material has advantageous mechanical properties, namely increased strength and penetration resistance. U.S. Pat. No. 6,357,332, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a process for making metallic-intermetallic composite laminate material for use in lightweight armor applications. The '332 Patent describes the process for making the laminate material from sheets with a tough first metal interleaved with sheets, and a second metal compounded with the first metal. The confined metal layers resist cracking and fracturing of the intermetallic layers. The interleaved sheets react under heat and pressure to react the metals to form a region of an intermetallic compound. The first set of metals may be fabricated are from metal or metal alloys such as titanium, nickel, vanadium, or iron; and the second set of metals may be fabricated from metal or metal alloys such as aluminum and alloys of aluminum.
- Intermetallic compounds are comprised of two specifically proportioned metals or metal alloys having a defined ratio of one atomic species to another, on specific lattice sites. The bonding is metallic, rather than ionic, but the ordered structure (which can be visualized as two interpenetrating lattices, each containing one atomic species) gives rise to high strength and hardness with limited ductility.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, a perforating gun (e.g., a carrier, housing, loading tube, or other components) may be fabricated from a metallic-intermetallic laminate material. The material may be formed into a tubular shape of appropriate dimensions. Once a suitable tube is available, application as a perforating gun is a simple matter of direct substitution of the high-strength steel tube conventionally employed.
- In another embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided to form a metallic-intermetallic laminate tube. Such a tube may be formed by wrapping alternating layers of aluminum and low-carbon steel such as iron (or alternatively, aluminum and titanium) around a mandrel with sufficient turns to build up a tube with an appropriate thickness and with an appropriate number of layers. The aluminum and iron form a series of iron aluminides analogous to a titanium aluminide. This is done by inserting a wrapped tube into a heated tubular die, with an inside diameter equal to the desired outside diameter of the finished laminate tube. Then using suitable end caps, the inside of the laminate tube is pressurized with air, nitrogen, argon, helium, or any suitable gas, to the required pressure, and the die is heated to the proper temperature. The die may be a clamshell shaped furnace that when closed, forms a cylindrical mold and can be opened to remove the finished tube.
- After allowing time for the aluminum to diffuse into and react with the iron, the laminate is cooled. This is one proposed means of fabricating the laminate material into a tubular shape suitable for use as a perforating gun. Although this particular embodiment was described using layers of aluminum and iron, in other embodiments of the present invention other metals may be used for such layers that including and elements that form ordered intermetallic compounds.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a perforating “carrier” gun string as used in conventional perforating operations in awellbore 11. The perforatinggun string 5 may be suspended and run into thewellbore 11 by awireline 1, or any other conveyance mechanism (e.g., tubing, slickline, and so forth). The perforating gun string is positioned downhole within acasing 3 to the desired depth via thewireline 1. In other embodiments, the perforating gun may be deployed in uncased or open hole wells. The perforatinggun string 5 may include one or more guns coupled together in series, each holding at least one explosive charge, and connected together by anadapter 9. -
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a shapedcharge 101 that is connected to a detonatingcord 109. The shapedcharge 101 includes anouter case 103 that is designed to hold an explosive 105 andliner 111. Theliner 111 and thecase 103 encompass an explosive 105 that is contained inside the case. Theprimer column 107 provides the detonating connection between thedetonation cord 109 and the explosive 105. When activated, a detonation wave is created in the detonatingcord 109 and activates theprimer column 107. This causes the explosive 105 to detonate and consequently create a detonation wave through the shapedcharge 101. Theliner 111 collapses under the force of the explosive 105 charge. -
FIGS. 3A and 3B demonstrates an embodiment of a perforating gun system including an outer cylindrical tube orcarrier 201, and aloading tube 113. The loading tube mechanically holds the holds the charges and is then inserted into thegun carrier 201. After the shaped charges are detonated, the energy is transmitted through theloading tube 113, to thegun carrier 201. In accordance with the present invention, an embodiment of thegun carrier 201 may be formed from a multi layered metallic-intermetallic laminate 203A. Moreover, theloading tube 113 may also be formed from a multi-layered metallic and /orinter-metallic laminate 203B. Embodiments of the present invention include a perforating gun system having a multi-layered laminate gun carrier or loading or both. -
FIG. 4 illustrates atubular member 301 formed from a multi-layered laminate material. For example, a perforating gun carrier or loading tube could represent thetubular member 301. Each layer consists of a metal or metal alloy and an intermetallic compound of that element. The illustrated embodiment includes a tubular formed from five laminated layers, but it is intended that the present invention includes tubes for use in perforating gun systems including two or more laminate layers. - Although only a few exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention.
Claims (14)
1. Apparatus for use in a well, comprising:
a tubular housing for holding an explosive, the tubular housing being adapted to be deployed in the well;
wherein the housing includes at least two laminated layers of material.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the housing is a perforating gun carrier.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the housing is a perforating gun loading tube.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least two laminated layers are intermetallic layers.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least two laminated layers comprise a metal and an intermetallic layer.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the first metal layer consists of: iron, copper, nickel, titanium, vanadium, or any alloy thereof.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the second metal layer consists of: aluminum, or alloys of aluminum, or any other element that forms an ordered intermetallic compound with the first metal layer.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tubular housing is adapted to hold a plurality of shaped charges.
9. A method for perforating a formation in a wellbore, comprising:
providing a perforating gun formed from at least two laminated layers;
deploying the perforating gun in the wellbore adjacent to the formation; and
firing the perforating gun.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein providing a perforating gun comprises: forming the perforating gun from at least two laminated metallic-intermetallic layers.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein one of the metallic-intermetallic layers consists of: iron, copper, nickel, titanium, vanadium, or any alloy thereof.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein another of the metallic-intermetallic layers consists of:
aluminum, alloys of aluminum, or any other element that forms an ordered intermetallic compound with the metal of the first layer.
13. A method of forming a perforating gun for perforating well formations, comprising:
wrapping alternating layers of a first metallic layer and a second metallic layer around a tubular structure to form a layered tube;
inserting the layered tube into a tubular die;
pressurizing the layered tube from within;
heating the tubular die to diffuse the layers of the layered tube together to form a laminate tube; and
cooling the laminate tube.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the tubular structure is formed with at least two turns of the alternating layers to form the layered tube.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/464,632 US20070107899A1 (en) | 2005-08-17 | 2006-08-15 | Perforating Gun Fabricated from Composite Metallic Material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US59592305P | 2005-08-17 | 2005-08-17 | |
US11/464,632 US20070107899A1 (en) | 2005-08-17 | 2006-08-15 | Perforating Gun Fabricated from Composite Metallic Material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20070107899A1 true US20070107899A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
Family
ID=38039557
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/464,632 Abandoned US20070107899A1 (en) | 2005-08-17 | 2006-08-15 | Perforating Gun Fabricated from Composite Metallic Material |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070107899A1 (en) |
Cited By (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090078420A1 (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-03-26 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Perforator charge with a case containing a reactive material |
US20130118730A1 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-16 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Downhole tools including anomalous strengthening materials and related methods |
US9033055B2 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2015-05-19 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Selectively degradable passage restriction and method |
US9057242B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2015-06-16 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of controlling corrosion rate in downhole article, and downhole article having controlled corrosion rate |
US9068428B2 (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2015-06-30 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Selectively corrodible downhole article and method of use |
US9079246B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2015-07-14 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of making a nanomatrix powder metal compact |
US9080098B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2015-07-14 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Functionally gradient composite article |
US9090955B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2015-07-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Nanomatrix powder metal composite |
US9090956B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2015-07-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Aluminum alloy powder metal compact |
US9101978B2 (en) | 2002-12-08 | 2015-08-11 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Nanomatrix powder metal compact |
US9109429B2 (en) | 2002-12-08 | 2015-08-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Engineered powder compact composite material |
US9109269B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2015-08-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Magnesium alloy powder metal compact |
US9127515B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2015-09-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Nanomatrix carbon composite |
US9133695B2 (en) | 2011-09-03 | 2015-09-15 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Degradable shaped charge and perforating gun system |
US9139928B2 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2015-09-22 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Corrodible downhole article and method of removing the article from downhole environment |
US9187990B2 (en) | 2011-09-03 | 2015-11-17 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of using a degradable shaped charge and perforating gun system |
US9243475B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2016-01-26 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Extruded powder metal compact |
US9267347B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2016-02-23 | Baker Huges Incorporated | Dissolvable tool |
US9347119B2 (en) | 2011-09-03 | 2016-05-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Degradable high shock impedance material |
US9605508B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2017-03-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Disintegrable and conformable metallic seal, and method of making the same |
US9643144B2 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2017-05-09 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method to generate and disperse nanostructures in a composite material |
US9682425B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2017-06-20 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Coated metallic powder and method of making the same |
US9707739B2 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2017-07-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Intermetallic metallic composite, method of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
US9816339B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2017-11-14 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Plug reception assembly and method of reducing restriction in a borehole |
US9833838B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2017-12-05 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Method of controlling the corrosion rate of alloy particles, alloy particle with controlled corrosion rate, and articles comprising the particle |
US9856547B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2018-01-02 | Bakers Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Nanostructured powder metal compact |
US9910026B2 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2018-03-06 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | High temperature tracers for downhole detection of produced water |
US9926766B2 (en) | 2012-01-25 | 2018-03-27 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Seat for a tubular treating system |
US10016810B2 (en) | 2015-12-14 | 2018-07-10 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Methods of manufacturing degradable tools using a galvanic carrier and tools manufactured thereof |
US10092953B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2018-10-09 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Method of controlling the corrosion rate of alloy particles, alloy particle with controlled corrosion rate, and articles comprising the particle |
US10221637B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2019-03-05 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Methods of manufacturing dissolvable tools via liquid-solid state molding |
US10240419B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2019-03-26 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Downhole flow inhibition tool and method of unplugging a seat |
US10335858B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2019-07-02 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Method of making and using a functionally gradient composite tool |
US10378303B2 (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2019-08-13 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Downhole tool and method of forming the same |
US11167343B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2021-11-09 | Terves, Llc | Galvanically-active in situ formed particles for controlled rate dissolving tools |
US11365164B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2022-06-21 | Terves, Llc | Fluid activated disintegrating metal system |
US11649526B2 (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2023-05-16 | Terves, Llc | Degradable metal matrix composite |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5063822A (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1991-11-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Perforating gun assembly including a carrier having a first section adapted to separate from a second section when a charge on the second section detonates |
US5260137A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1993-11-09 | Avco Corporation | Infiltrated fiber-reinforced metallic and intermetallic alloy matrix composites |
US6045941A (en) * | 1997-07-08 | 2000-04-04 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method to determine the state of charge and remaining life of lithium batteries used in oilfield services applications |
US6357332B1 (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2002-03-19 | Thew Regents Of The University Of California | Process for making metallic/intermetallic composite laminate materian and materials so produced especially for use in lightweight armor |
US6672502B1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2004-01-06 | The State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of Oregon State University | Method for making devices having intermetallic structures and intermetallic devices made thereby |
US6682780B2 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2004-01-27 | Bodycote Metallurgical Coatings Limited | Protective system for high temperature metal alloy products |
US20060008669A1 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2006-01-12 | Winsky Technology Ltd. | Method of forming a nanocomposite coating |
US20060105183A1 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-18 | Bechtel Bwxt Idaho, Llc | Coated armor system and process for making the same |
US20070056462A1 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2007-03-15 | Qinetiq Limited | Oil well perforators |
-
2006
- 2006-08-15 US US11/464,632 patent/US20070107899A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5260137A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1993-11-09 | Avco Corporation | Infiltrated fiber-reinforced metallic and intermetallic alloy matrix composites |
US5063822A (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1991-11-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Perforating gun assembly including a carrier having a first section adapted to separate from a second section when a charge on the second section detonates |
US6045941A (en) * | 1997-07-08 | 2000-04-04 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method to determine the state of charge and remaining life of lithium batteries used in oilfield services applications |
US6357332B1 (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2002-03-19 | Thew Regents Of The University Of California | Process for making metallic/intermetallic composite laminate materian and materials so produced especially for use in lightweight armor |
US6672502B1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2004-01-06 | The State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of Oregon State University | Method for making devices having intermetallic structures and intermetallic devices made thereby |
US6682780B2 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2004-01-27 | Bodycote Metallurgical Coatings Limited | Protective system for high temperature metal alloy products |
US20060008669A1 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2006-01-12 | Winsky Technology Ltd. | Method of forming a nanocomposite coating |
US20070056462A1 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2007-03-15 | Qinetiq Limited | Oil well perforators |
US20060105183A1 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-18 | Bechtel Bwxt Idaho, Llc | Coated armor system and process for making the same |
Cited By (51)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9101978B2 (en) | 2002-12-08 | 2015-08-11 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Nanomatrix powder metal compact |
US9109429B2 (en) | 2002-12-08 | 2015-08-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Engineered powder compact composite material |
US20090078420A1 (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-03-26 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Perforator charge with a case containing a reactive material |
US10669797B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2020-06-02 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Tool configured to dissolve in a selected subsurface environment |
US9243475B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2016-01-26 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Extruded powder metal compact |
US10240419B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2019-03-26 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Downhole flow inhibition tool and method of unplugging a seat |
US9682425B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2017-06-20 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Coated metallic powder and method of making the same |
US9079246B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2015-07-14 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of making a nanomatrix powder metal compact |
US9267347B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2016-02-23 | Baker Huges Incorporated | Dissolvable tool |
US9127515B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2015-09-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Nanomatrix carbon composite |
US9090955B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2015-07-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Nanomatrix powder metal composite |
US9080098B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2015-07-14 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Functionally gradient composite article |
US9631138B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2017-04-25 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Functionally gradient composite article |
US10335858B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2019-07-02 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Method of making and using a functionally gradient composite tool |
US9139928B2 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2015-09-22 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Corrodible downhole article and method of removing the article from downhole environment |
US9926763B2 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2018-03-27 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Corrodible downhole article and method of removing the article from downhole environment |
US9707739B2 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2017-07-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Intermetallic metallic composite, method of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
US10697266B2 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2020-06-30 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Intermetallic metallic composite, method of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same |
US9833838B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2017-12-05 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Method of controlling the corrosion rate of alloy particles, alloy particle with controlled corrosion rate, and articles comprising the particle |
US10092953B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2018-10-09 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Method of controlling the corrosion rate of alloy particles, alloy particle with controlled corrosion rate, and articles comprising the particle |
US9057242B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2015-06-16 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of controlling corrosion rate in downhole article, and downhole article having controlled corrosion rate |
US9033055B2 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2015-05-19 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Selectively degradable passage restriction and method |
US10301909B2 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2019-05-28 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Selectively degradable passage restriction |
US9090956B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2015-07-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Aluminum alloy powder metal compact |
US11090719B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2021-08-17 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Aluminum alloy powder metal compact |
US9109269B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2015-08-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Magnesium alloy powder metal compact |
US9802250B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2017-10-31 | Baker Hughes | Magnesium alloy powder metal compact |
US10737321B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2020-08-11 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Magnesium alloy powder metal compact |
US9925589B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2018-03-27 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Aluminum alloy powder metal compact |
US9856547B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2018-01-02 | Bakers Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Nanostructured powder metal compact |
US9643144B2 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2017-05-09 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method to generate and disperse nanostructures in a composite material |
US9347119B2 (en) | 2011-09-03 | 2016-05-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Degradable high shock impedance material |
US9187990B2 (en) | 2011-09-03 | 2015-11-17 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of using a degradable shaped charge and perforating gun system |
US9133695B2 (en) | 2011-09-03 | 2015-09-15 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Degradable shaped charge and perforating gun system |
US9079247B2 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2015-07-14 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Downhole tools including anomalous strengthening materials and related methods |
US20130118730A1 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-16 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Downhole tools including anomalous strengthening materials and related methods |
CN104145073A (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2014-11-12 | 贝克休斯公司 | Downhole tools including anomalous strengthening materials and related methods |
US9926766B2 (en) | 2012-01-25 | 2018-03-27 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Seat for a tubular treating system |
US9068428B2 (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2015-06-30 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Selectively corrodible downhole article and method of use |
US10612659B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2020-04-07 | Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations, Llc | Disintegrable and conformable metallic seal, and method of making the same |
US9605508B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2017-03-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Disintegrable and conformable metallic seal, and method of making the same |
US9816339B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2017-11-14 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Plug reception assembly and method of reducing restriction in a borehole |
US11167343B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2021-11-09 | Terves, Llc | Galvanically-active in situ formed particles for controlled rate dissolving tools |
US11365164B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2022-06-21 | Terves, Llc | Fluid activated disintegrating metal system |
US11613952B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2023-03-28 | Terves, Llc | Fluid activated disintegrating metal system |
US9910026B2 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2018-03-06 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | High temperature tracers for downhole detection of produced water |
US10378303B2 (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2019-08-13 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Downhole tool and method of forming the same |
US10221637B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2019-03-05 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Methods of manufacturing dissolvable tools via liquid-solid state molding |
US10016810B2 (en) | 2015-12-14 | 2018-07-10 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Methods of manufacturing degradable tools using a galvanic carrier and tools manufactured thereof |
US11649526B2 (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2023-05-16 | Terves, Llc | Degradable metal matrix composite |
US11898223B2 (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2024-02-13 | Terves, Llc | Degradable metal matrix composite |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20070107899A1 (en) | Perforating Gun Fabricated from Composite Metallic Material | |
US8967257B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for expendable tubing-conveyed perforating gun | |
US9133695B2 (en) | Degradable shaped charge and perforating gun system | |
US9284824B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for expendable tubing-conveyed perforating gun | |
US20050217842A1 (en) | Well perforating gun | |
US9187990B2 (en) | Method of using a degradable shaped charge and perforating gun system | |
US8685187B2 (en) | Perforating devices utilizing thermite charges in well perforation and downhole fracing | |
EP2021578B1 (en) | Perforating methods and devices for high wellbore pressure applications | |
US8336437B2 (en) | Perforating gun assembly and method for controlling wellbore pressure regimes during perforating | |
US7055421B2 (en) | Well perforating gun | |
US10526875B2 (en) | Perforators | |
US20150316359A1 (en) | Charge case fragmentation control for gun survival | |
US20100300750A1 (en) | Perforating Apparatus for Enhanced Performance in High Pressure Wellbores | |
US6865792B2 (en) | Method for making a well perforating gun | |
US6926096B2 (en) | Method for using a well perforating gun | |
WO2010129794A2 (en) | High pressure/deep water perforating system | |
US9388673B2 (en) | Internally pressurized perforating gun | |
US9347119B2 (en) | Degradable high shock impedance material | |
EP0136235A2 (en) | Through the tubing perforating gun assembly | |
US20150240607A1 (en) | Perforating apparatus and method having internal load path | |
WO2013162490A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for expendable tubing-conveyed perforating gun | |
WO2013033535A2 (en) | Degradable high shock impedance material | |
MXPA06001318A (en) | Well perforating gun related application information |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION,TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WERNER, ANDREW T.;WALTON, IAN C.;GROVE, BRENDEN M.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060808 TO 20060811;REEL/FRAME:018111/0462 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |