US20070095095A1 - Chemical heat pump working according to the hybrid principle related application - Google Patents

Chemical heat pump working according to the hybrid principle related application Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20070095095A1
US20070095095A1 US10/580,326 US58032604A US2007095095A1 US 20070095095 A1 US20070095095 A1 US 20070095095A1 US 58032604 A US58032604 A US 58032604A US 2007095095 A1 US2007095095 A1 US 2007095095A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
reactor
liquid
condenser
evaporator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/580,326
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Göran Bolin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ClimateWell AB
Original Assignee
ClimateWell AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ClimateWell AB filed Critical ClimateWell AB
Assigned to CLIMATEWELL AB reassignment CLIMATEWELL AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BOLIN, GORAN
Publication of US20070095095A1 publication Critical patent/US20070095095A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/04—Heat pumps of the sorption type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/16—Materials undergoing chemical reactions when used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F25B17/086—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt with two or more boiler-sorber/evaporator units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B35/00—Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption
    • F25B35/04—Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption using a solid as sorbent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a chemical heat pump working according to the hybrid principle and a sprayer or distributor for a heat exchanger, in particular a spreading device for spraying liquid over a heat exchanger in a chemical heat pump.
  • a chemical heat pump is disclosed in the published International patent application WO 00/37864 which works according to a special process, herein called the hybrid principle, the hybrid method or the hybrid process.
  • valves in installations that use media which can crystallize to a solid state can have an unsafe function and generally provide a risk of leaks. Therefore, there is a need for reducing the number of valves.
  • the prior machine includes a first vessel, called accumulator or reactor, containing a substance which can exothermically absorb and endothermally desorb a sorbate.
  • the first vessel is coupled to another vessel, called condenser/evaporator, through a pipe conduit.
  • the second vessel works as a condenser for condensing gaseous sorbate to liquid sorbate while endothermally desorbing the substance in the first vessel and as an evaporator of liquid sorbate to gaseous sorbate while exothermally absorbing sorbate in the substance in the first vessel.
  • the substance in the first vessel is in direct contact with a first heat exchanger in it which can in turn, through a liquid flow, be provided with heat from or supply heat to the ambient atmosphere.
  • the liquid in the condenser/evaporator is in the same way in direct contact with a second heat exchanger in it, to or from which heat can be supplied or withdrawn from or to the ambient atmosphere, respectively, through a liquid flow.
  • the first heat exchanger together with the substance in the solid state thereof are contained in a close-meshed net or filter inside the first vessel.
  • Solution forming the liquid form of the substance exists at the lower part of the first vessel and is collected in a free space next beneath the first heat exchanger. From this space, by means of a conduit and a pump, solution can be sprayed over the first heat exchanger.
  • a chemical heat pump working according to the hybrid principle generally includes a reactor part in which, in the loading stage, the active substance in a dissolved state passes to a solid state and remains in the reactor part, the volatile liquid then being desorbed and at the same time/thereafter being vaporized, and in which, in the unloading stage, the active substance in its solid state absorbs vapor of the volatile liquid and passes to a dissolved state.
  • the chemical heat pump includes a condenser/evaporator part in which, in the loading stage, vapor of the volatile liquid is received from the reactor part and is condensed to a liquid state and remains in the condenser/evaporator part, and in which, in the unloading stage, at least part of the volatile liquid is vaporized and the formed vapor is transferred to the reactor part.
  • a chemical heat pump or thermodynamical machine having no valves at the vacuum side.
  • the principle is using two identical main units.
  • Each main unit consists of a reactor and a condenser/evaporator integrated in the same container.
  • One of the main units can then be loaded while the other one for example is producing chill.
  • One of the disadvantages of this principle is the large amount of energy required at the turnarounds or direction changes of the process.
  • the unit which has been loaded, is to be cooled, and the unit that has been producing chill is to be heated. Therefore, such a turn-around operation requires a long time period and the energy that is transferred in the cooling process is the main loss in the system. In tests, it has been proved that it takes about 30-50 minutes. During this time the machine is inactive and cannot cool the house/apartment.
  • each one of reactor and condenser/evaporator can be divided in two further vessels.
  • the condenser/evaporator has a part in which the heat exchanger is placed and a collecting part in which the volatile liquid in its condensed form, i.e. usually water, is contained.
  • the reactor has a part in which the heat exchanger and the filter are placed and a collecting part in which solution of the active substance in the volatile liquid is stored.
  • a chemical heat pump working with an active substance, usually a suitable metal salt, and a volatile liquid, usually water, that can be absorbed and desorbed by the active substance at respective temperatures, between which there is a substantially constant temperature difference, so that, inside the interval between the temperatures, the active substance gradually passes from being in a state dissolved in the volatile liquid to a solid state, i.e. usually a crystalline state, when the volatile liquid is desorbed.
  • an active substance usually a suitable metal salt
  • a volatile liquid usually water
  • the volatile liquid can be absorbed by the active substance at a first temperature and desorbed by the substance at a second higher temperature so that the active substance at the first temperature has a solid state, from which the active substance, when absorbing the volatile liquid and the vapor phase thereof, immediately passes partially into a liquid state or solution state and at the second temperature has a liquid state or is in a solution state, from which the active substance, when the volatile liquid disappears therefrom, in particular the vapor phase thereof, immediately passes partly to a solid state.
  • the chemical heat pump includes a reactor part having a first heat exchanger located therein.
  • the active substance stays all the time in the reactor part and therein passes between its solid state and a state dissolved in the volatile liquid.
  • a condenser/evaporator part having a second heat exchanger placed in it is provided. In the condenser/evaporator part, all the time only volatile liquid is staying but in a varying amount and in this part, it can be vaporized and condensed.
  • a passage or pathway for only vapor/gas extends between the reactor part and the condenser/evaporator part and connects them.
  • a distributor or a sprayer can be provided in the reactor part to make the active substance in a liquid, i.e.
  • a distributor or sprayer can be provided in the condenser/evaporator part to make the volatile liquid in its liquid state to pass in contact with the second heat exchanger.
  • the reactor part is divided in two separate vessels, i.e. a reactor vessel to perform the absorption/desorption of the volatile liquid in/from the active substance and to contain or store the active substance when it after the desorption is in its solid, non-dissolved state, and a collecting vessel for the reactor for collecting and storing the active substance when it is in a state dissolved in the volatile liquid.
  • a reactor vessel to perform the absorption/desorption of the volatile liquid in/from the active substance and to contain or store the active substance when it after the desorption is in its solid, non-dissolved state
  • a collecting vessel for the reactor for collecting and storing the active substance when it is in a state dissolved in the volatile liquid.
  • the condenser/evaporator part can be divided in two separate vessels, i.e. a condenser/evaporator vessel to perform the vaporizing/condensing of the quantity of the volatile liquid staying in the condenser/evaporator part, and a collecting vessel for collecting the volatile liquid in the liquid/condensed state thereof during the unloading stage of the chemical heat pump and for storing the volatile liquid during the loading stage of the chemical heat pump.
  • a condenser/evaporator vessel to perform the vaporizing/condensing of the quantity of the volatile liquid staying in the condenser/evaporator part
  • a collecting vessel for collecting the volatile liquid in the liquid/condensed state thereof during the unloading stage of the chemical heat pump and for storing the volatile liquid during the loading stage of the chemical heat pump.
  • the collecting vessel for the reactor is advantageously located at a level beneath the reactor vessel and in the same way the collecting vessel for the condenser/evaporator part can be located at a level beneath the condenser/evaporator vessel.
  • the collecting vessel for the evaporator/condenser can be located directly below the reactor collecting vessel.
  • the condenser/evaporator vessel is advantageously located directly on top of or above the reactor vessel separated by only a partition wall. The gas/vapor passage/pathway is located in this partition wall.
  • the reactor part and the condenser/evaporator part can be formed by spaces in a single container that by suitable interior walls, also called partition walls, is divided in different parts.
  • a first pump is arranged to circulate the active substance. Then the first pump is connected to the reactor collecting vessel to make the active substance in the dissolved state thereof flow over the first heat exchanger and it is also connected to an outlet of the reactor vessel.
  • the first pump is provided to pump, in the loading stage, liquid from the reactor collecting vessel to the distributor or sprayer in the reactor vessel. It can in the loading stage also pump liquid from the collecting vessel for the evaporator/condenser to the distributor or sprayer in the reactor vessel.
  • a second pump can be provided to pump, in the unloading stage, liquid from the collecting vessel for the evaporator/condenser to the condenser/evaporator vessel, to the distributor or spraying device for the condenser/evaporator part, that is placed in the condenser/evaporator vessel at the second heat exchanger.
  • the condenser/evaporator vessel can include an emergency liquid vessel that has a rather restricted volume and is connected and located to be capable of receiving only a limited amount of condensate of the volatile liquid.
  • the emergency liquid vessel then is connected, through a connection path including a vapor lock, to an outlet conduit of the first pump containing a circulating flow of the active substance in the dissolved state thereof.
  • the temperature difference between the active substance in the circulating flow and the condensate in the emergency liquid vessel can thereby prevent a flow from the emergency liquid vessel into the outlet conduit in normal operation of the chemical heat pump.
  • the connection path between the emergency liquid vessel and the outlet conduit can contain a check valve arranged to prevent unintended flow of the active substance in the dissolved state thereof to the emergency liquid vessel.
  • a filter or net can be placed in the reactor part below the first heat exchanger to retain the active substance in the solid state thereof and the filter or net is then advantageously designed as a basket open upwards and is thus placed in the reactor vessel.
  • the filter or net can be designed to include an overflow device to let solution containing possibly solid substance pass directly to the collecting vessel of the reactor in the case where solution is supplied and spread over the heat exchanger of the reactor with a too large velocity.
  • connection path of passive type i.e. a pipe conduit having no pump
  • another connection path of passive type i.e. a pipe conduit having no pump
  • a control unit can be provided to establish this connection between the reactor vessel and the reactor collecting vessel depending on the temperature in the reactor vessel so that the connection is established when this temperature is low.
  • control unit can include a temperature sensor in which a temperature variation corresponds to a change of the position of a mechanical part or in which a temperature variation is converted to mechanical work, in particular including a part of a composite metal/bimetal or a memory metal or a part containing some suitable wax or a gas.
  • two sprayers are used, one sprayer for spreading a solution in the reactor part and one for spraying water in the condenser/evaporator part.
  • These sprayers spray liquid over surfaces of the respective heat exchanger and they can be designed as simple shower devices or as rotating sprayer arms.
  • sprayers having a rotating sprayer arm driven to be rotated due to the outflow of liquid, i.e. due to a reaction force it is obtained, in the case that the flow is varying and sometimes very small, which can occur in particular in the reactor part, that the sprayer arm does not obtain any rotation movement but during more or less long time periods stands on the same place and that thus all liquid flowing out then only moistens the same surfaces of the heat exchanger.
  • gravity can be used.
  • such a spraying device can be used for spraying liquid over surfaces of an arbitrary heat exchanger.
  • a sprayer driven by gravity includes generally at least one sprayer arm that has at least one outlet opening for liquid and a bearing device at which the sprayer arm is mounted to be capable of rotating about a substantially vertical sprayer shaft in a rotation movement produced by the flow of the liquid.
  • the sprayer arm can be substantially horizontal or form some small angle to the horizontal plane.
  • a vane or scoop device is affected that drives the sprayer arm to be rotated around the rotation shaft.
  • the vane or scoop device can include a vane or scoop wheel that has a rotation shaft and that includes at least one vane or scoop that is located so that it receives liquid that is flowing out of the outlet opening.
  • the vane or scoop wheel By the weight of the liquid received in the vane or scoop, the vane or scoop wheel is made to rotate about the rotation shaft and then the received liquid is emptied out over the surfaces of the heat exchanger located below the sprayer. Then, a driving device is connected to the rotation shaft to make, in the rotation of the vane or scoop wheel, the sprayer arm rotate about the rotation shaft of the sprayer arm.
  • each vane or scoop or vanes or scoops are arranged substantially straight below the sprayer arm so that the vane or scoop or vanes or scoops in the rotation movement of the sprayer arm perform the same rotation movement as the sprayer arm around the rotation shaft.
  • each vane or scoop is preferably elongated and has a groove shaped space extending in a direction away from the rotation shaft of the sprayer arm.
  • a driving wheel can be connected to the rotation shaft of the vane or scoop wheel to cooperate with a fixedly arranged circular path.
  • the driving wheel In the rotation of the vane or scoop wheel and the rotation shaft, the driving wheel is driven to rotate and then runs along the path, whereby, by the friction against the circular path, the driving wheel is moved along the path and thereby rotates the vane or scoop wheel about the rotation shaft of the sprayer arm.
  • the sprayer arm can suitably include a pipe having a longitudinal slot or having at least one hole forming the outlet opening. This slot or hole can then be arranged at the topmost part of the pipe.
  • FIG. 1 a is a schematic of a chemical heat pump
  • FIG. 1 b is a schematic of an alternative embodiment of a chemical heat pump
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an air conditioning installation driven by chemical heat pumps
  • FIG. 3 a is a schematic of a sprayer
  • FIG. 3 b is a schematic view of the sprayer according to FIG. 3 a taken from the end of a sprayer arm.
  • FIG. 2 the most important parts of an air conditioning installation driven by two alternatingly working, identical main units 200 are shown.
  • Each main unit consists of a reactor and a condenser/evaporator arranged in a container.
  • the main units include upper and lower heat exchangers 210 , 220 for the reactor and the condenser/evaporator, respectively.
  • the upper heat exchangers can through threeway valves 230 be connected to either elements AC intended to cool for example a house/apartment or an office, or to a cooling medium cooler OC.
  • the lower heat exchangers can through threeway valves 240 be connected either to the cooling medium cooler OC or elements which are heated in some suitable way, such as solar panels SP.
  • one of the main units can be loaded while the other one for example produces chill in the elements AC. It has turned out that large energy amounts are consumed in changes or in so called turn-arounds of the system when one of the main units, from producing chill, passes to be loaded while the other main unit passes from being loaded to start producing chill. These turn-around operations require a long time in conventional designs of the main units. A chemical heat pump unit requiring a shorter time for turn-around operations will now be described.
  • FIG. 1 a schematically a first embodiment of a chemical heat pump or a thermodynamic machine for producing chill or heat is shown, which is constructed to generally work according to the process described in the above-mentioned International patent application WO 00/37864.
  • the machine includes as a main component a vacuum tight container 100 which is divided in different parts or vessels, also called chambers, by a multitude of partition walls.
  • a reactor vessel 1 also called only a reactor, is by a weakly sloping, flat and impermeable partition wall 110 at its bottom separated from a reactor collecting vessel 2 , also called first collecting vessel.
  • the reactor vessel 1 continues at its upper end into the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 , also called only condenser/evaporator, and is separated therefrom by a partition wall 120 that has a horizontal bottom in the embodiment shown in the figure and at its central part continues into a gas pipe 3 , 4 that extends upwards from this partition wall.
  • the reactor collecting vessel 2 is in the same way as the reactor vessel separated, by a weakly sloping, flat and impermeable partition wall, at its bottom from a collecting vessel 4 for the condenser/evaporator, also called second collecting vessel.
  • a heat exchanger 1 . 3 is provided, also called heat exchanger unit, and a corresponding heat exchanger 3 . 3 is provided in the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 .
  • a filter 1 . 2 is placed, also called a reactor filter and generally called a separating device, placed below the heat exchanger 1 . 3 to separate and collect solid substance.
  • the active substance exists as a solution in the collecting vessel 2 of the reactor.
  • a valve 2 . 3 connected in a pipe conduit 2 . 2 between a first bottom outlet 1 . 7 at the bottom portion of the reactor vessel 1 and the reactor collecting vessel 2 is closed. Only a minor amount of the volatile liquid, usually water, is staying in the collecting vessel 4 of the condenser/evaporator that is located lowermost in the container 100 .
  • a first pump P 1 is started while a second pump P 2 is shut off.
  • These pumps are also called sprayer pumps, for the heat exchanger 1 . 3 , 3 . 3 , of the reactor and of the condenser/evaporator, respectively.
  • Heat is supplied to the heat exchanger 1 . 3 of the reactor, such as from the solar panels SP, see FIG. 2 , and the heat exchanger 3 . 3 of the condenser/evaporator is cooled such as by the cooling medium cooler OC.
  • solution flows through a bottom outlet 2 . 1 from the lower part of the collecting vessel 2 of the reactor, through a pipe conduit 132 having a check valve 2 . 4 connected therein, to the inlet of and through the first pump, through the outlet pipe 131 of the first pump and through an inlet pipe 1 . 6 up to a sprayer 1 . 4 located in the top portion of the reactor vessel 1 to be spread over the surfaces of the heat exchanger 1 . 3 of the reactor.
  • the sprayer can be designed as a conventional rotating arm that is centrally mounted to rotate, has a central supply and rotates due to the reaction force derived from outflowing liquid.
  • the sprayer arm can then be provided with a plurality of small outlet holes or alternatively with two large outlet openings in each end of the arm. These openings are then suitably placed at different distances from the central mounting of the sprayer arm 4 . 1 , so that all surfaces of the heat exchanger 1 . 3 of the reactor can be reached by the flow generated by the first pump P 1 .
  • the solution is spread by the sprayer 4 . 1 over the heat exchanger 1 . 3 of the reactor and solution therefrom flows through the filter 1 . 2 and a second bottom outlet 1 . 5 at the bottom of the reactor vessel 1 , from the reactor vessel through a pipe conduit 133 , extending from this bottom outlet to the inlet of the first pump P 1 , again back to the first pump.
  • This solution that is now in circulation in the reactor vessel is rapidly heated by the heat exchanger 1 . 3 and is thereby loaded.
  • water vapor flows out of the reactor vessel 1 through the gas pipe 3 . 4 to the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 , in which the water vapor is condensed on the surfaces of the heat exchanger 3 .
  • the check valve 2 . 4 prevents hot solution from entering, due to swinging motions caused by pressure differences between the collecting vessel 2 of the reactor and the reactor vessel 1 , the collecting vessel 2 of the reactor from the outlet 1 . 5 of the reactor vessel through the pipe conduits 132 , 133 which are both connected to the inlet of the first pump P 1 .
  • the intention is that the collecting vessel 2 of the reactor will remain cold. In that way the loading process is being continued until the collecting vessel 2 of the reactor is emptied of solution and the filter 1 . 2 in the reactor vessel 1 contains substantially all active substance in the machine which is then in the solid state of the active substance.
  • a pipe 1 . 1 extends that is for example centrally located and is intended to equalize pressure differences between these vessels and that from the upper wall of the reactor collecting vessel, i.e. from the partition wall 110 , extends some distance upwards to the interior of the reactor vessel, such as up to approximately the center thereof.
  • the reactor filter 1 . 2 can, as shown in the figure, be designed as a basket having an annular space that is open upwards, for receiving the crystals of the active substance, i.e. of the solid state thereof.
  • the centrally placed pipe 1 . 1 extends in the centrally located raised portion of the filter up to and mouths somewhat below a large hole 1 .
  • Solution can flow directly back through the hole 1 . 8 , the second bottom outlet 1 . 5 of the reactor vessel and the conduit 133 , to the first pump P 1 , in the case where the filter 1 . 2 is not capable of letting through solution, through the small holes or meshes in its bottom and its sides, with a sufficiently high velocity compared to the velocity with which the first pump P 1 is pumping solution.
  • the condensed water has finally been collected in the second collecting vessel 4 .
  • this vessel soon before the loading is finished, is full, the level rises in a pipe 135 extending between the inlet of the second pump P 2 and a bottom outlet 3 . 5 of the lower part of the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 .
  • the level is so high that condensed water enters the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 through the bottom outlet 3 . 5 .
  • the level reaches a predetermined height in the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 , condensed water flows back from the condenser/evaporator vessel through a overflow pipe 3 . 9 to the upper portion of the reactor vessel 1 .
  • a sensor can be placed at the inlet of the overflow pipe 3 . 9 into the reactor vessel 1 . 1 , where the overflow pipe normally is hot.
  • the sensor detects the temperature depression occurring when water, when in a full total loading state, arrives flowing through the overflow pipe 3 . 9 and cools this pipe, and the sensor can thereby provide a signal that indicates a full loading of the heat pump.
  • the heat exchanger 1 . 3 of the reactor is now cooled and the heat exchanger 3 . 3 of the condenser/evaporator 3 is connected to the AC system of the house.
  • the second pump P 2 is started. Possibly remaining solution in the reactor vessel 1 is cooled together with the salt, i.e. the crystals of the active substance or the solid state of this active substance, that stays in the filter 1 . 2 .
  • Water is pumped by the second pump P 2 through a pipe conduit 137 to flow over the heat exchanger 3 . 3 in the condenser/evaporator vessel, and then it first rises from the pipe conduit to an inlet 3 . 6 at the topmost portion of the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 .
  • the water From the inlet the water arrives to the emergency liquid vessel 3 . 3 that is centrally arranged in the condenser/evaporator vessel, has a relatively small volume and thus can receive a limited water amount. Further, the water flows through overflow holes 3 . 8 in surrounding partition walls 150 that define the emergency liquid vessel, from this vessel 3 . 2 over to the sprayer vessel 3 . 1 arranged at the side of the emergency liquid vessel, wherefrom the water, through openings in the bottom of the spray vessel, flows over the heat exchanger 3 . 3 of the condenser/evaporator.
  • the spray vessel with its bottom openings works as a sprayer device of the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 and is in principle a shower device.
  • surplus water flows through an overflow pipe 3 . 11 , that extends from the very topmost portion of the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 inside the spray vessel 3 . 1 down through the condenser/evaporator vessel to mouth at the heat exchanger 3 . 3 located therein.
  • the water flows again through the pipe 135 to the inlet of the second pump P 2 .
  • a ball valve 2 . 3 arranged in the pipe conduit 2 . 2 between the first bottom outlet 1 .
  • the ball valve 2 . 3 is controlled depending on the temperature of the reactor vessel 1 , such as by using a temperature sensor/control unit 1 . 9 placed at the bottom of the reactor vessel, i.e. at the top surface of the partition wall 1 . 10 .
  • This temperature sensor/control unit can generally include a sensor in which a temperature variation corresponds, in a way not shown, to a change of the position of a mechanical part or in which the temperature variation is converted to mechanical work, in particular including a part of bimetal or of memory metal or a part containing wax or gas, so that the ball valve 2 . 3 can be directly influenced in a mechanical manner.
  • the pumps P 1 , P 2 will stop. Then the active substance in remaining solution in the pipe conduits and in the first pump P 1 has the risk of being precipitated as crystals.
  • water from the emergency liquid vessel is used.
  • the pumping level in the outlet pipe 131 from the first pump P 1 is such that the pump level is somewhat above the level of the inlet pipe 1 . 6 of the sprayer 1 . 4 in the reactor vessel 1 .
  • Water from the emergency liquid vessel 3 . 2 cannot then in normal operation flow down through a cleaning pipe 3 . 10 , extending from the bottom portion of the emergency liquid vessel to the inlet pipe of the sprayer of the reactor vessel, due to a vapor lock 3 .
  • a check valve 3 . 7 connected in the cleaning pipe, prevents solution from entering the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 such as due to pressure shocks.
  • the same procedure can be used to intentionally stop the first pump to perform so called rinsing. It means that water from the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 . 2 intentionally is made to flow back to the reactor vessel 1 through the cleaning pipe 3 . 10 and from this pipe to the inlet pipe 1 . 6 and the sprayer 1 . 4 for the heat exchanger 1 . 4 of the reactor to remove salt residues that have accumulated after a long time of operation.
  • heating jackets can be used. They can for example consist of copper pipes having a shield of aluminum foil and on top of it common porous heat isolation. The copper pipes can be heated by the energy source of the heat pump at daytime and by a separate electrical resistive immersion heater at night. Instead of such jackets, electrical resistive heating strips with foils wrapped around them can be used.
  • the solution pump i.e. the first pump P 1
  • the reactor part and particularly directly below the reactor collecting vessel 2 so that the pumping house, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe thereof are located inside the container 100 .
  • Crystals that are made to migrate in the loading stage of the heat pump and at the turn-around thereof can create problems in the first pump P 1 and in the sprayer 1 . 4 in the reactor vessel 1 , which in the worst case can stop working.
  • an extra filter 1 . 10 is provided, also called pump filter of the reactor vessel, mounted at the inlet of the first pump P 1 .
  • the inlet of this pump is made as a pipe 1 . 11 that is a continuation of the reactor vessel 1 and extends from the bottom 110 thereof centrally down through the whole of the reactor collecting vessel 2 .
  • the bottom of the reactor vessel can be designed as a low frustrum of a cone or as a funnel for achieving that liquid more easily flows away towards the central pipe 1 . 11 .
  • the solution filtered in the primary reactor filter 1 . 2 flows down through this pipe 1 . 11 that has double walls to provide a heat isolation against the solution in the reactor collection vessel 2 .
  • the pipe contains the extra filter 1 . 10 that separates the solution flowing down from the reactor from the inlet of the pump.
  • This filter is of the same type as the reactor filter 1 . 2 .
  • the first pump P 1 collects solution both from the reactor vessel 1 and from the collecting vessel 2 thereof
  • the solution collected from the collecting vessel 2 is filtered by the fact that it has to pass another filter 2 . 5 , called the pump filter of the reactor vessel.
  • This filter surrounds the inlet pipe 1 . 11 of the first pump P 1 . From the space between this additional filter and the inlet tube 1 . 11 liquid can flow through the outlet 2 . 1 and the check valve 2 . 4 to the inlet of the first pump.
  • crystals can block the valve 2 . 3 that controls a flow directly from the reactor vessel 1 . 2 to the collecting vessel 2 thereof, and/or the conduit in which this valve is connected, also in the case where the valve and the conduit have jackets in the same way as described above.
  • the valve 2 . 3 is completely moved into the vacuumtight container 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 b .
  • the valve is designed as a slide valve that is controlled by being moved forwards and backwards. This movement is conveyed through a screwing movement magnetically communicated from the outside, from a motor 2 . 7 placed outside the container 100 .
  • the water staying in the collecting vessel 4 of the condenser/evaporator after the loading stage can in the embodiment of the heat pump according to FIG. 1 a have been heated due to the direct contact with the collecting vessel 2 of the reactor through the simple partition wall 130 , and thus that a too large pressure difference is created between the spaces in the collecting vessel 4 and the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 when the latter vessel is cooled.
  • the water in the collecting vessel 4 can be pressed up to a higher level in the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 , water then flowing either through the overflow pipe 3 . 9 or directly through the gas pipe 3 . 4 down to the reactor vessel 1 . This results in the fact that valuable loaded substance device is lost.
  • the simple partition wall 130 between the collecting vessels 3 , 4 can then be replaced with a double partition wall 160 , 170 as illustrated in FIG. 1 b .
  • the collecting vessels are mechanically separated by a heat isolating space 2 . 6 .
  • the upper opening of the gas pipe 3 . 4 has been placed higher than in the embodiment of FIG. 1 a .
  • no overflow pipe 3 . 9 and no temperature sensor at this pipe are provided.
  • the loading level is instead indicated by a floating body 4 . 2 .
  • the outlet 3 . 5 of the lowermost portion of the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 should be connected at some distance of the heat exchanger 3 . 5 in this vessel. Otherwise, sound bangs can be obtained in the pipe that extends from this outlet, in particular when unloading the heat pump. These sound bangs are generated by gas bubbles being transported down in the pipe and imploding with bangs. As shown in FIG. 1 b , a sufficient distance can be obtained by the fact that the partition wall 120 between the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 and the reactor vessel 1 is given some slope and the outlet 3 . 5 is placed at the lowest part of this partition wall.
  • the sprayer in the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 can instead of being the type stationary shower include a usual sprayer arm 3 . 13 that is centrally mounted to rotate in this vessel, centrally receives liquid from the second pump P 2 and rotates, caused by the flow generated by this pump, see FIG. 1 b .
  • a sprayer 4 . 1 for the heat exchanger 1 . 3 for the reactor vessel 1 designed as such a rotating arm can often stop, particularly during the final period of the loading stage, when the flow of the solution is significantly reduced.
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b Another type of spraying device for the reactor vessel 1 which is more independent of the size of the flow for its rotation is illustrated in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b .
  • the liquid pumped up to the sprayer through the central inlet pipe 1 . 12 is distributed in a rotatably mounted distributor unit 31 at the upper end of the inlet pipe to two radially arranged, diametrically opposed distributor pipes 33 , also called sprayer arms.
  • the distributor pipes have at their uppermost portions slots 35 through which the pumped liquid flows out over the exterior sides of the distributor pipes and therefrom down to a vane or scoop wheel 17 arranged directly beneath the distributor pipes, the vane or scoop wheel also extending in radially opposite directions from the central inlet pipe 1 . 22 .
  • the vane or scoop wheel 37 has at each side of the central inlet pipe 1 . 12 at least one but better two and as is shown in the FIG. 3 b preferably four elongated, radially arranged vanes or scoops 39 , which include elongated spaces having a groove shape and are mounted to rotate it about the shaft 41 of the vane or scoop wheel, this shaft located approximately along a diameter, quite close to the inlet pipe 1 . 12 .
  • This shaft is at its ends mounted at horizontal holder plates 42 that are also attached to the outermost ends of the distributor pipes 33 .
  • a driving wheel 43 rotates that is rigidly attached to one end of the shaft 41 of the vane or scoop wheel.
  • This driving wheel runs against a circular horizontal path 45 , also called an annular support rail, that is rigidly mounted to the reactor vessel 1 , and the driving wheel thereby causes, due to the friction of the driving wheel against the path, a rotating movement of the whole spraying unit about the vertical, central shaft through the inlet pipe 1 . 12 .
  • the liquid staying in the vanes or scoops 39 is then emptied stepwise over new surfaces of the heat exchanger during the rotation of the sprayer arms around in the reactor vessel 1 .
  • a sprayer can obviously also be used in the condenser/evaporator vessel 3 and in other devices, in which a spreading or distribution of liquid from a varying flow is desired over a multitude of surfaces placed at each other.
  • an electrical emergency heating element 108 is arranged, that can dissolve crystals which can be formed during long-time interrupts.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
US10/580,326 2003-12-08 2004-12-08 Chemical heat pump working according to the hybrid principle related application Abandoned US20070095095A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0303304A SE527721C2 (sv) 2003-12-08 2003-12-08 Kemisk värmepump arbetande enligt hybridpincipen
SE0303304-0 2003-12-08
PCT/SE2004/001826 WO2005054757A1 (en) 2003-12-08 2004-12-08 Chemical heat pump working according to the hybrid principle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070095095A1 true US20070095095A1 (en) 2007-05-03

Family

ID=29997676

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/580,326 Abandoned US20070095095A1 (en) 2003-12-08 2004-12-08 Chemical heat pump working according to the hybrid principle related application

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20070095095A1 (sv)
EP (1) EP1716370A1 (sv)
JP (1) JP2007513319A (sv)
KR (1) KR20070029120A (sv)
CN (1) CN100416181C (sv)
AU (1) AU2004295656A1 (sv)
BR (1) BRPI0417389A (sv)
IL (1) IL175733A0 (sv)
SE (1) SE527721C2 (sv)
WO (1) WO2005054757A1 (sv)
ZA (1) ZA200604416B (sv)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100205981A1 (en) * 2007-11-29 2010-08-19 Climatewell Ab (Publ) Storing/transporting energy

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE530959C2 (sv) * 2006-05-29 2008-11-04 Climatewell Ab Publ Kemisk värmepump med hybridsubstans
SE532504C2 (sv) * 2007-11-29 2010-02-09 Climatewell Ab Publ Termisk solfångare för leverans av värme och/eller kyla
DE102008006420B3 (de) * 2008-01-28 2009-05-14 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Vakuum-Sorptionsvorrichtung
TW201202636A (en) * 2010-07-09 2012-01-16 Chung Hsin Elec & Mach Mfg Separable solid adsorption cooling system
CN102287954B (zh) * 2011-06-23 2013-04-17 江苏河海新能源有限公司 一种溶解吸热式化学热泵及其加热或制冷方法
CN102287953B (zh) * 2011-06-23 2013-01-02 江苏河海新能源有限公司 简易溶解吸热式化学热泵及其加热或制冷方法
CN102287952B (zh) * 2011-06-23 2013-01-02 江苏河海新能源有限公司 溶解吸热式化学热泵及其加热或制冷方法
FR3074569B1 (fr) * 2017-12-04 2019-12-27 Jean-Emmanuel Faure Pompe a chaleur thermochimique et procede de redistribution d'energie calorifique a puissance variable
SE543195C2 (sv) 2019-01-18 2020-10-20 Heatamp Sweden Ab Heat transferreing device and a method operating the device
CH716685A1 (fr) * 2019-10-09 2021-04-15 Ecoclim Sa Machine de refroidissement par absorption.

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4532778A (en) * 1979-11-16 1985-08-06 Rocket Research Company Chemical heat pump and chemical energy storage system
US4616692A (en) * 1984-06-12 1986-10-14 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Method of recovering heat of reaction
US4873842A (en) * 1983-07-01 1989-10-17 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Three-phase heat pump
US4944159A (en) * 1987-05-22 1990-07-31 Faiveley Entreprises Process for producing cold by solid-gas reaction and device pertaining thereto
US5056591A (en) * 1987-09-07 1991-10-15 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Method and apparatus for conducting a thermochemical absorption and desorption reaction between a gas and a solid
US5636526A (en) * 1995-09-28 1997-06-10 Gas Research Institute Apparatus and method for automatically purging an absorption cooling system
US5661986A (en) * 1993-04-07 1997-09-02 Sofrigam Chemical reactor, refrigerating machine and container provided therewith and reagent cartridge therefor
US5964097A (en) * 1996-04-25 1999-10-12 Elf Aquitaine Thermochemical device for producing cold and/or heat
US6357254B1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-03-19 American Standard International Inc. Compact absorption chiller and solution flow scheme therefor
US6802875B1 (en) * 1999-08-30 2004-10-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Hydrogen supply system for fuel cell

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02150675A (ja) * 1988-12-01 1990-06-08 Nissin Electric Co Ltd 吸収冷凍装置
JPH05294601A (ja) * 1992-04-13 1993-11-09 Toshiba Corp メタノール切替型燃料電池発電装置
SE515688C2 (sv) * 1998-12-18 2001-09-24 Suncool Ab Kemisk värmepump samt förfarande för kylning och/eller uppvärmning
CN2493894Y (zh) * 2001-08-08 2002-05-29 张少军 新型空调器

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4532778A (en) * 1979-11-16 1985-08-06 Rocket Research Company Chemical heat pump and chemical energy storage system
US4873842A (en) * 1983-07-01 1989-10-17 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Three-phase heat pump
US4616692A (en) * 1984-06-12 1986-10-14 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Method of recovering heat of reaction
US4944159A (en) * 1987-05-22 1990-07-31 Faiveley Entreprises Process for producing cold by solid-gas reaction and device pertaining thereto
US5056591A (en) * 1987-09-07 1991-10-15 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine Method and apparatus for conducting a thermochemical absorption and desorption reaction between a gas and a solid
US5661986A (en) * 1993-04-07 1997-09-02 Sofrigam Chemical reactor, refrigerating machine and container provided therewith and reagent cartridge therefor
US5636526A (en) * 1995-09-28 1997-06-10 Gas Research Institute Apparatus and method for automatically purging an absorption cooling system
US5964097A (en) * 1996-04-25 1999-10-12 Elf Aquitaine Thermochemical device for producing cold and/or heat
US6802875B1 (en) * 1999-08-30 2004-10-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Hydrogen supply system for fuel cell
US6357254B1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-03-19 American Standard International Inc. Compact absorption chiller and solution flow scheme therefor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100205981A1 (en) * 2007-11-29 2010-08-19 Climatewell Ab (Publ) Storing/transporting energy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20070029120A (ko) 2007-03-13
IL175733A0 (en) 2006-09-05
CN100416181C (zh) 2008-09-03
BRPI0417389A (pt) 2007-04-10
EP1716370A1 (en) 2006-11-02
JP2007513319A (ja) 2007-05-24
ZA200604416B (en) 2007-10-31
SE527721C2 (sv) 2006-05-23
CN1890514A (zh) 2007-01-03
SE0303304L (sv) 2005-06-09
AU2004295656A1 (en) 2005-06-16
WO2005054757A1 (en) 2005-06-16
SE0303304D0 (sv) 2003-12-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR100689374B1 (ko) 화학 열 펌프
US4709558A (en) Adsorption refrigerating apparatus
US8631667B2 (en) Adsorption heat pump with heat accumulator
US4742868A (en) Regenerative heating apparatus
US4881376A (en) Adsorption refrigeration system
US20070095095A1 (en) Chemical heat pump working according to the hybrid principle related application
KR20190067207A (ko) 서브대기압의 열 및 냉기 시스템
US20050258261A1 (en) Method for operating heating systems, heating system for carrying out the method and use thereof
US4231772A (en) Solar powered heat pump construction
KR20020048280A (ko) 흡수식 가열 및 냉각 시스템용 냉매 저장 장치
US2749095A (en) Air conditioning
JP2008232464A (ja) ケミカルヒートポンプ及びこれを用いた熱利用システム
GB2088548A (en) Thermal storage heating system
US5791158A (en) Internally fired generator with improved solution flow
JPS6152550A (ja) 化学蓄熱給湯システム
US6370893B1 (en) Absorption cooling system with refrigerant management for dilution and part load operation
US2761656A (en) Air conditioning
EP0532681A1 (en) EVAPORATION / CONDENSATION SYSTEM AND ENERGY SYSTEM PROVIDED WITH SUCH A SYSTEM.
US2525431A (en) Absorption refrigeration system and process
CN218884420U (zh) 一种蒸发冷水盘及蒸发冷水机组
JP5259124B2 (ja) 高温再生器及び吸収冷凍機
US2853276A (en) Air conditioning
US2851255A (en) Air conditioning
JP2022517778A (ja) 熱分配装置
CN1170126A (zh) 一泵制竖管降膜溴化锂制冷技术

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: CLIMATEWELL AB, SWEDEN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BOLIN, GORAN;REEL/FRAME:017955/0316

Effective date: 20060522

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION