US20060156673A1 - Block for constructions, panel for construction using the block, and method of forming panel for construction - Google Patents
Block for constructions, panel for construction using the block, and method of forming panel for construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060156673A1 US20060156673A1 US10/563,798 US56379804A US2006156673A1 US 20060156673 A1 US20060156673 A1 US 20060156673A1 US 56379804 A US56379804 A US 56379804A US 2006156673 A1 US2006156673 A1 US 2006156673A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- construction
- blocks
- stretching members
- panel
- block
- Prior art date
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- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
- E04B5/043—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement having elongated hollow cores
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/26—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/023—Separate connecting devices for prefabricated floor-slabs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/041—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres composed of a number of smaller elements, e.g. bricks, also combined with a slab of hardenable material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
- E04B2002/0254—Tie rods
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for constructing a flat structure such as a wall, a floor and a ceiling of a reinforced concrete building.
- a construction method which has been employed heretofore is that a concrete mold is assembled at a construction site, and reinforcing bars are arranged in the mold, followed by casting of concrete.
- connecting pin members are inserted into a plurality of pipe members implanted in top and bottom surfaces of the blocks to connect the blocks to each other, thereby constructing a wall, a basic foundation, or the like.
- Patent Document 1 Unexamined Japanese Utility Model Registration Publication No. Sho 64-7618 (pages 5 to 9)
- Patent Document 2 Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 55-39569 (pages 3 to 8)
- the use of the connecting pin members enables the blocks to be accurately and securely stacked.
- the connecting pin members have to be provided on every boundary portion between the blocks abutting in a vertical direction, the work requires a large amount of time and labor.
- the connecting pin members do not pull the blocks to fix them to each other, if pulling force is loaded in axial directions of the connecting pin members at the boundary portions between the stacked and constructed blocks, the blocks may separate.
- this block is preferable to the structures on which only compressive force in the axial directions of the connecting pin members is loaded, such as a wall, a fence and a basic foundation, it is not suitable for the structure such as a floor of a building where external force can be loaded in a direction of deflection.
- the blocks has poor durability because the jointed portions of the blocks sometimes break up or cause a gap therebetween due to deterioration or shrinkage of the adhesive agent with passage of time after construction.
- a problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a technique for constructing a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building in a relatively short time and an easy manner while improving durability of the flat structure.
- a block for construction according to the present invention is a block for construction capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other, the block for construction comprising a plurality of through holes formed for inserting linear or bar-like stretching members, and recessed parts formed on outer peripheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of the through holes to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing an axial direction of the stretching members, other stretching members.
- the plurality of the blocks for construction are arranged in a flat state so as to have contact with each other on their outer peripheral surfaces in such a manner that the plurality of the through holes communicate with each other while inserting the stretching members into the plurality of the through holes and disposing the stretching members on the recessed parts.
- the blocks for construction are bonded by pressure to form a flat structure.
- the flat structure such as the wall or the floor can easily be constructed in a relatively short time.
- the adjacent blocks for construction are bonded with pressure by the stretching members only, which causes no deterioration of an adhesive agent, leading to excellent durability.
- the plurality of through holes may preferably be provided in parallel with each other with intervals therebetween in a through-thickness direction of a body of the block or in a direction perpendicular thereto.
- the weight of the body of the block itself can be decreased, and heat insulation is also improved.
- the cavities can communicate with each other in a direction along the surfaces, thereby decreasing the weight of the flat structure and improving the heat insulation thereof.
- a panel for construction according to the present invention is a panel for construction formed by arranging the plurality of the above-described blocks for construction in a flat state with outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other with the plurality of through holes being communicated, inserting the stretching members into the plurality of through holes while disposing the stretching members on the recessed parts, and bonding the blocks for construction by pressure by generating tensile force on these stretching members.
- a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building can be easily constructed in a relatively short time.
- No adhesive agent is used at all, and thus the durability of the flat structure is also improved.
- reaction force members for generating tensile force on the above-described stretching member may be attached to outer peripheral surfaces of the blocks for construction, which are located on peripheral portions of the panel for construction.
- the reaction force members thus attached can appropriately generate tensile force on the stretching members, which further enhances the strength and durability.
- the reaction force members are attached so as to cover whole peripheral portions like a frame, the rigidity is increased while the reaction force of the tensile force generated on the stretching members can be dispersed over the whole peripheral portions. Consequently, generation of cracks caused by stress concentration can be prevented.
- a gap filling agent may intervene between the adjacent blocks for construction for dispersing reaction force.
- a gap filling agent may intervene between the adjacent blocks for construction for dispersing reaction force.
- the above-described gap filling agent to be employed may be a curable paste or a material deformable by the pressure of the bonded blocks for construction.
- the curable paste refers to a substance which is a paste at the start of use and, after evaporation of water or a solvent, or through chemical reaction such as hardening reaction, has a property of hardening to the extent not to rupture by the pressure of the bonded blocks for construction.
- the material deformable by the pressure of the bonded blocks means that at least a part of the material is deformable so as to fill the gap between the blocks along the shape of the gap when the material is clamped between the blocks for construction.
- the gap filling agents having the above-described properties seep or cause deformation between the adjacent blocks for construction by the pressure exerted on the blocks for construction by the tensile force of the stretching members, and fill the gap existing between the blocks for construction.
- most of the small gaps between the blocks for construction can be eliminated. Accordingly, the compressive stress generated between the blocks for construction is uniformly dispersed and transmitted through the gap filling agent, thereby preventing generation of cracks or ruptures due to stress concentration.
- the above filling agents intervene between the adjacent blocks for construction when arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state.
- the blocks for construction are pressurized and bonded to fill the gaps between the blocks for construction.
- a paper material cardboard, for example
- a metallic material a steel sheet, for example
- a cement paste or liquid glass is used as the curable paste, small gaps existing between the adjacent blocks for construction can be filled in without any unevenness and leaks, which leads to an excellent stress dispersing function. Similar to the above, it is preferable that the blocks for construction are bonded with pressure at the point that the cement paste or the liquid glass is hardened to the state in which it can transmit the compressive stress.
- a block body having a solid structure may be used in a region close to the peripheral portion of the panel for construction.
- the solid structure refers to a structure having neither a through hole nor a cavity except an opening for inserting a bolt.
- a method of forming a panel for structure is a method comprising steps of arranging the plurality of above-described blocks for construction to be adjacent to each other in a flat state with a gap filling agent for dispersing stress intervening between outer peripheral surfaces of the blocks for construction and with the plurality of above-described through holes communicating with each other, inserting stretching members into the plurality of through holes while disposing stretching members on the above-described recessed parts, and loading tensile force on the stretching members to bond the blocks for construction with pressure.
- a panel for construction suitable for a flat structure such as a wall or floor of a building can be easily formed in a relatively short time. Furthermore, the intervention of the gap filling agent eliminates generation of cracks or rupture due to stress concentration, thereby further improving the strength and the durability.
- a block for construction capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging a plurality of the blocks with their outer peripheral surfaces brought into contact with each other, provided are a plurality of through holes formed for inserting linear or bar-like stretching members and recessed parts formed on outer peripheral surfaces crossing the axial direction of the through holes to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members, other stretching members. Therefore, by simply arranging these blocks for structure in a flat state and connecting them, a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building can be constructed in a relatively short time and an easy manner while enhancing the durability of the flat structure.
- a plurality of through holes is provided in parallel with each other with intervals therebetween in a through-thickness direction of a body of the block or a direction vertical thereto.
- Cavities opening at more than one place provided on the above-described outer peripheral surfaces can decrease the weight of the block body itself and render heat insulation.
- these cavities can communicate with each other in a direction along the surfaces so that the weight of the flat structure can be decreased while improving the heat insulation thereof.
- a panel for construction is formed by arranging the blocks for construction as described in the above (1) to (3) in a flat state with outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other and with the plurality of through holes being communicated, inserting the stretching members into the plurality of through holes while disposing the stretching members on the recessed parts, and bonding the blocks for construction by pressure by generating tensile force on these stretching members.
- a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building can be easily constructed in a relatively short time. No adhesive agent is used at all, and thus the durability of the flat structure is also improved.
- reaction force members for generating tensile force on the above stretching members By attaching reaction force members for generating tensile force on the above stretching members to outer peripheral surfaces of the blocks for construction, which are located on peripheral portions, the strength and the durability can be further improved.
- reaction force member As the reaction force member described above, if a block body having a solid structure is used in a region close to the peripheral portion of the panel for construction, it is possible to prevent the reaction force member from rupture or damage due to pulling force loaded on the reaction force member for generating tensile force on the stretching members.
- the method of the present invention includes steps of arranging the plurality of blocks for construction described above (1) to (3) in a flat state to be adjacent to each other with a gap filling agent for dispersing stress intervening between outer peripheral surfaces of the blocks for construction and with the plurality of above-described through holes communicating with each other, inserting stretching members into the plurality of the through holes while disposing stretching members on the above-described recessed parts, and loading tensile force on the stretching members to bond the blocks for construction by pressure.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a block for construction of a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the block for construction in FIG. 1 ;
- ( b ) is a front view of the same block; and
- ( c ) is a side view of the same block.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a block for construction of a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the block for construction in FIG. 3 ;
- ( b ) is a front view of the same block; and
- ( c ) is a side view of the same block.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a panel for construction formed with the block for construction in FIG. 1 ; and ( b ) is a perspective view illustrating an arrangement of stretching members in the panel for construction.
- FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a corner portion of the panel for construction in FIG. 5 ( a ).
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a state where tensile force is loaded on the stretching members of the panel for construction in FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view illustrating a panel for construction formed with the block for construction in FIGS. 1 and 2 ; and ( b ) is a perspective view illustrating an arrangement of stretching members in this penal for construction.
- FIG. 9 is a partially omitted perspective view illustrating a state where a wall and a floor of a building are constructed by the panel for construction in FIG. 5 ( a ) and FIG. 8 ( a ).
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a fence constructed by combining panels for construction formed with the block for construction in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 11 is a plan view illustrating a block for construction of a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a side view of the block for construction in FIG. 11 .
- FIG. 13 is a plan view illustrating a block for construction of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a side view of the block for construction in FIG. 13 .
- FIG. 15 is a plan view of an auxiliary block which is used in combination with the block for construction in FIGS. 11 and 13 .
- FIG. 16 is a side view of the auxiliary block in FIG. 15 .
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view illustrating a panel for construction formed with the block for construction in FIGS. 11 and 13 .
- FIG. 18 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the panel for construction in FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 19 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the panel for construction in FIG. 17 ; and ( b ) is a partially enlarged view of ( a ).
- FIG. 20 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG. 17 ; and ( b ) is a sectional view taken along the line B-B of FIG. 17 .
- FIGS. 1 to 10 explained below are a block for construction and a panel for construction according to first and second embodiments of the present invention.
- a block for construction 10 of the first embodiment of the present invention is, as further described below, a block capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with four outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, an upper surface 10 a , a lower surface 10 b , a left side surface 10 c and a right side surface 10 d brought into contact with each other.
- a plurality of through holes 11 for inserting bar-like stretching members therein are formed in parallel with a front surface 10 f and a rear surface 11 e , and recessed parts 12 are formed on the upper surface 10 a and the lower surface 10 b forming outer peripheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of the through holes 11 to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into the through holes 11 , other stretching members.
- the block for construction 10 is further formed with five cavities 13 opening on the upper surface 10 a and the lower surface 10 b in a manner of penetrating the block for construction 10 .
- a groove 14 is formed in the same direction of the arranging direction of the cavities 13 .
- a block for construction 20 illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 is, similar to the block for construction 10 , a block capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with four outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, an upper surface 20 a , a lower surface 20 b , a left side surface 20 c and a right side surface 20 d brought into contact with each other.
- a plurality of through holes 21 for inserting stretching members therein are formed in parallel with a front surface 20 f and a rear surface 20 e , and recessed parts 22 are formed on the upper surface 20 a and the lower surface 20 b forming outer peripheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of the through holes 21 to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into the through holes 21 , other stretching members.
- the block for construction 20 is also formed with two cavities 23 opening on the upper surface 20 a and the lower surface 20 b in a manner of penetrating the block for construction 20 .
- a groove 24 is formed in the same direction of the arranging direction of the cavities 23 .
- the only difference between the block for construction 10 and the block for construction 20 is the dimension in a length direction.
- the dimensions and structures of the remaining parts are the same.
- only a dimension in a length direction 10 w of the block for construction 10 is a double of a dimension in a length direction 20 w of the block for construction 20 , and other features are the same.
- the plurality of blocks for construction 10 are arranged in a flat state so that the outer peripheral surfaces thereof are brought into contact with each other and that the plurality of through holes 11 linearly communicates with each other in the axial direction.
- stretching members 30 are inserted into the plurality of through holes 11 communicating with each other, and stretching members 31 are disposed on the recessed parts 12 .
- reaction force members 32 are attached along the outer peripheral surfaces of the blocks for construction 10 located on an utmost outer periphery. As shown in FIG.
- holding plates 34 a , 34 b and 34 c are mounted on external thread parts 30 a and 31 a of the stretching members 30 and 31 that are protruding from through holes 33 of the reaction force members 32 , spring washers 36 are attached, and nuts 35 are screwed thereon.
- the blocks for construction 10 are firmly bonded together and, as shown in FIG. 5 , a panel for construction 40 which is a flat structure is formed.
- the holding plates 34 a and 34 c that are long enough to stride over the adjacent portions so that the adjacent reaction force members can be firmly connected to each other.
- the stretching members 30 and 31 if deformed reinforcing bars provided with external threads on outer peripheries thereof are employed, the nuts 35 can be screwed on without forming the external threads parts 30 a and 31 a .
- the stretching members 30 and 31 are coated with a corrosion-resistant material such as a resin pipe, the corrosion resistance is enhanced to prevent rust development due to moisture infiltrating from boundaries between the blocks for construction 10 .
- the spring washers 36 intervening between the holding plates 34 a , 34 b and 34 c and the nuts 35 can prevent deterioration of the tensile force caused by contraction of the block for construction 10 or extension of the stretching members 30 and 31 .
- the stretching members 30 and the stretching members 31 are disposed in a manner perpendicularly crossing each other lengthwise and crosswise. While the stretching members 31 are disposed one by one in each of the spaces formed by the adjacent recessed parts 12 , the stretching members 30 are disposed two by two to be arranged in a through-thickness direction of the panel. Thus, the numbers of the stretching members disposed are different lengthwise and crosswise. Accordingly, when fastening the nuts 35 to load tensile force on the stretching members 30 and 31 , the tensile force is differentiated so as to equalize the strength in a direction of deflection of the panel for construction 40 .
- FIG. 7 ( a ) when 10 tons of tensile force is loaded on the stretching members 31 in the direction of arrows, it is preferable that, in two stretching members 30 X and 30 Y shown in FIG. 7 ( b ), 10 tons of tensile force is loaded in the direction of arrows on the stretching member 30 X located on an upper side, while 5 tons of tensile force is loaded in the direction of arrows on the stretching member 30 Y located on a lower side.
- the blocks for construction 10 are arranged in a grid pattern. However, as shown in FIG. 8 , it is possible to arrange the plurality of blocks for construction 10 in a zigzag pattern to form a panel for construction 50 . In this case, the blocks for construction 20 shown in FIG. 3 are arranged in peripheral portions so as to form an utmost periphery straight.
- the stretching members 30 and 31 and the reaction force members 32 are mounted in a similar manner to the panel for construction 40 .
- the panels for construction 40 and 50 formed as above are built up as a wall W, a floor F and a ceiling C, thereby easily constructing these flat structures in a relatively short time.
- the panels for construction 40 and 50 formed as above are built up as a wall W, a floor F and a ceiling C, thereby easily constructing these flat structures in a relatively short time.
- these connecting portions can be easily constructed while enhancing the strength.
- the blocks for construction 10 and 20 are bonded only by the stretching members 30 and 31 without using any adhesive agent. Therefore, no deterioration of an adhesive agent is caused after construction, leading to excellent durability.
- the plurality of through holes 11 and 21 in the blocks for construction 10 and 20 are provided in parallel with each other with intervals therebetween in though-thickness directions 10 t and 20 t of the blocks 10 and 20 or on the dimensions in a length direction 10 w and 20 w which are perpendicular to the through-thickness directions 10 t and 20 t . Accordingly, the stretching members 30 inserted into these through holes 11 and 21 can securely hold the blocks 10 and 20 to construct the panels for construction 40 and 50 with high strength.
- the blocks for construction 10 and 20 have the cavities 13 and 23 opening on the upper and lower surfaces, respectively, when arranging the blocks for construction 10 and 20 to form the panels for construction 40 and 50 , these cavities 13 and 23 communicate with each other in a surface direction.
- the weight of the panels for construction 40 and 50 can be decreased while providing good heat insulation.
- the reacting force members 32 are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the blocks for construction 10 and 20 located on the peripheral portions of the panels to generate tensile force on the stretching members 30 and 31 . Therefore, it is possible to generate appropriate tensile force on the stretching members 30 and 31 to provide excellent strength and durability. Moreover, as the reaction force members 32 are attached so as to cover whole peripheral portions like a frame, the rigidity is increased while the reaction force of the tensile force generated on the stretching members 30 and 31 can be dispersed over the whole peripheral portions. Consequently, generation of cracks caused by stress concentration can be prevented.
- the length/width ratios and the dimensions of the panels for construction 40 and 50 can be optionally set by changing the number of the blocks for constructions 10 and 20 to be arranged lengthwise and crosswise or the total number of the blocks, enabling a wide use as various kinds of flat structures constructing a building. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 10 , panels for construction 41 and 42 having different shapes (lengthwise/crosswise ratios) or dimensions formed by the plurality of blocks for construction 10 can be combined to form a flat structure such as a fence 43 .
- a block for construction 70 of the first embodiment is a block capable of constructing a flat structure (a panel for construction) described below by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with four outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, an upper surface 70 a , a lower surface 70 b , a left side surface 70 c and a right side surface 70 d brought into contact with each other.
- a plurality of through holes 71 for inserting bar-like stretching members therein, as further described below, are formed in parallel with a front surface 70 f and a rear surface 70 e , and recessed parts 72 are formed on the upper surface 70 a forming an outer peripheral surface crossing an axial direction of the through holes 71 to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into the through holes 71 , other stretching members.
- the block for construction 70 is further formed with five cavities 73 opening on the upper surface 70 a and the lower surface 70 b in a manner of penetrating the block for construction 70 .
- a groove 74 is formed in the same direction of the arranging direction of the cavities 73 .
- a block for construction 80 illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14 is used in combination with the block for construction 70 and is a block capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks 80 in a flat state with three outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, an upper surface 80 a , a lower surface 80 b and a left side surface 80 c brought into contact with the block for construction 70 .
- a plurality of through holes 81 for inserting stretching members therein are formed in parallel with a front surface 80 f and a rear surface 80 e , and recessed parts 82 are formed on the upper surface 80 a forming an outer peripheral surface crossing an axial direction of the through holes 81 to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into the through holes 81 , other stretching members.
- the block for construction 80 is further formed with a plurality of cavities 83 opening on the upper surface 80 a and the lower surface 80 b in a manner of penetrating the block for construction 80 .
- a groove 84 is formed in the same direction of the arranging direction of the cavities 83 .
- the block for construction 70 and the block for construction 80 dimensions 70 w and 80 w in length directions are the same, and the numbers and positions of the through holes 73 and 83 are the same. However, the numbers of the cavities 73 and 83 and the grooves 74 and 84 are different. Specifically, in the block for construction 70 , the five cavities 73 are symmetrically disposed and the groove 74 is formed on both of the left side surface 70 c and the right side surface 70 d whereas, in the block for construction 80 , the three cavities 83 are disposed between a center and the left side surface 80 c and the groove 84 is formed only on the left side surface 80 c.
- An auxiliary block 90 illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16 is to be combined with the blocks for construction 70 and 80 to form a panel for construction explained later.
- the auxiliary block 90 has the same outer dimension as those of the blocks for construction 70 and 80 shown in FIG. 11 , and is a block body having a rectangular parallelepiped shape with flat outer peripheral surfaces, provided with a plurality of through holes 91 having the same sizes on the positions corresponding to the positions where the plurality of through holes 71 and 81 are provided on the blocks for construction 70 and 80 .
- the plurality of block for construction 70 are arranged in a flat state with the outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other and with the plurality of through holes 71 linearly communicating with each other in an axial direction. Then, as shown in FIG. 20 ( a ), the stretching members 30 are inserted into the plurality of through holes 11 communicating with each other and, as shown in FIG. 20 ( b ), the stretching members 31 are disposed in a recessed part 82 .
- the auxiliary block 90 shown in FIG. 15 is disposed and, on the positions near the both distal ends of the stretching members 31 , an auxiliary block 90 h (see FIG. 18 ) is disposed.
- the auxiliary block 90 h has a dimension in a length direction 90 w which is a half those of the block for construction 80 and the auxiliary block 90 shown in FIG. 13 and has a recessed part 93 .
- the block for construction 80 is arranged with the groove 84 facing toward a center of the stretching member 30 in an axial direction, exposing the right side surface 80 d where the groove 84 is not formed.
- a cement paste SP which is a gap filling agent for dispersing stress is provided to intervene between the adjacent blocks.
- the cement paste SP is a curable paste material.
- the one used in the present embodiment is formed by mixing early-strength portland cement and water in the ratio of around 2.6:1.0.
- the cement paste SP is emphatically illustrated like a conventional “joint”; however, the actual thickness of the cement paste SP is not more than 1 mm and, preferably, about 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
- holding plates 34 d are mounted on the external thread parts 30 a of the stretching members 30 , which are protruding from the through holes 91 of the blocks for structure 90 located on the outer periphery, followed by mounting spring washers (not shown) and screwing the nuts 37 .
- holding plates 34 e are mounted on the external thread parts 31 a of the stretching members 31 , which are protruding from the recessed parts 82 of the blocks for structure 80 located on the outer periphery, followed by mounting spring washers (not shown) and screwing the nuts 37 .
- each of the nuts 37 is tightened to generate tensile force on the stretching members 30 and 31 .
- gaps between the blocks are filled with the cement paste SP, and the block for structure 70 and 80 and the auxiliary block 90 are firmly bonded to each other with pressure, thereby forming a panel for construction 100 as a flat structure as shown in FIG. 17 .
- the blocks for structure 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 90 h which have no uneven surfaces, cavities and through holes except for bolt-holes on their exposed portions. Therefore, the blocks can be firmly bonded to each other with pressure and are free from damages caused by the stress loaded by the stretching members 30 and 31 via the holding plates 34 d and 34 e.
- the stretching members 30 and 31 if deformed reinforcing bars provided with external threads on outer peripheries thereof are employed, the nuts 35 can be screwed on without forming the external thread portions 30 a and 31 a .
- the stretching members 30 and 31 are coated with a corrosion-resistant material such as a resin pipe, the corrosion resistance is enhanced to prevent rust development due to moisture infiltrating from boundaries between the blocks.
- the spring washers intervening between the holding plates 34 d and 34 e and the nuts 37 can prevent deterioration of the tensile force caused by contraction of the block or extension of the stretching members 30 and 31 .
- the blocks 90 , 90 h and 80 as the reaction members for generating tensile force on the stretching members 30 and 31 , are disposed on peripheral portions of the panel for construction 100 . Accordingly, the tensile force can be appropriately generated on the stretching members 30 and 31 , which leads to excellent strength and durability. Furthermore, since the blocks 90 , 90 h and 80 as the reaction force members are disposed so as to cover whole peripheral portions, the reaction force of the tensile force generated on the stretching members 30 and 31 can be dispersed over the whole peripheral portions. Consequently, generation of cracks due to stress concentration can be prevented.
- the cement paste SP which is a gap filling agent for dispersing reacting force intervenes between the adjacent blocks for construction 70 and 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 90 h so that gaps between the adjacent blocks are filled with the cement paste SP.
- compressive stress generated between the blocks is uniformly dispersed and transmitted through the adjacent blocks. Therefore, generation of cracks or ruptures on the blocks for construction 70 and 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 90 h due to the concentration of compressive stress can be prevented.
- the cement paste SP is employed as a gap filling agent.
- the compressive stress is uniformly dispersed and transmitted, thereby preventing generation of cracks or ruptures due to stress concentration.
- Other gap filling agents for dispersing stress than the cement paste SP may be a paper material, liquid glass, or a metallic material which is deformable by the pressure of the bonded blocks exerted by tensile force generated on the stretching members 30 and 31 (a ferrous material such as a steel sheet, for example).
- the block for construction 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 90 h which are block bodies having a solid structure are used in regions close to the peripheral portions of the panel for construction 100 . Therefore, the force loaded on these blocks 80 , 90 and 90 h as the reaction force members to generate tensile force on the stretching members 30 and 31 does not break or damage the blocks 80 , 90 and 90 h . Moreover, with the presence of the stretching members 30 and 31 , the panel for construction 100 can be elastically deformed in a deflective direction.
- the length/width ratio and the dimension of the panel for construction 100 can be optionally set by changing the number of the blocks for construction 70 and 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 90 h to be arranged lengthwise and crosswise or the total number of the blocks. Accordingly, the panel for construction 100 can be widely used as a various kinds of flat structures constructing a building.
- the block for construction and the panel for construction according to the present invention can be widely used as materials for forming a flat structure such as a wall, a floor, a ceiling or a fence of a building.
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Abstract
A block (10) for construction capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with four outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, an upper surface (10 a), a lower surface (10 b), a left side surface (10 c), and a right side surface (10 d) brought into contact with each other. In the block (10) for construction, a plurality of through holes (11) for inserting bar-like stretching members therein are formed parallel with the front surface (10 f) and the rear surface (10 e) thereof, and recessed parts (12) are formed in the upper surface (10 a) and lower surface (10 b) forming outer peripheral surfaces crossing the axial direction of the through holes (11) to dispose the other stretching members in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into the through holes (11). By using the block (10) for construction, the flat structures such as the wall parts and floor parts of a building can be easily constructed in a rather short period, and the durabilities of these flat structures can also be increased.
Description
- The present invention relates to a technique for constructing a flat structure such as a wall, a floor and a ceiling of a reinforced concrete building.
- When constructing a structure such as a wall, a floor and a ceiling of a reinforced concrete building, a construction method which has been employed heretofore is that a concrete mold is assembled at a construction site, and reinforcing bars are arranged in the mold, followed by casting of concrete.
- In the above on-site casting method, however, it takes considerable labor and time to assemble a concrete mold, to cast concrete, and to harden and cure the concrete, which hinders effort to shorten work periods. Furthermore, these steps require highly-skilled expert engineers in each field.
- In addition, a broad work space is needed for carrying in a mold and reinforcing bars to a site as well as for assembling members and casting concrete. Therefore, if a road leading to a construction site is narrow or a site is small, workability is extremely lowered.
- In view of the above problems, some other techniques for constructing a structure such as a wall, a fence and a basic foundation have been developed. Specifically, various kinds of concrete blocks that have been fabricated in a plant beforehand are carried in to a construction site, these concrete blocks are arranged in vertical and horizontal directions to form a flat body, and the blocks are fixed to each other with a given connecting means, thereby constructing a wall or a fence (see the patent documents 1 and 2, for example).
- In the stacking-type concrete block described in the patent document 1, connecting pin members are inserted into a plurality of pipe members implanted in top and bottom surfaces of the blocks to connect the blocks to each other, thereby constructing a wall, a basic foundation, or the like.
- In the method of constructing a block wall described in the patent document 2, a number of concrete blocks are laid out in vertical and horizontal directions, joint surfaces of each of the concrete blocks are bonded with an adhesive agent while inserting steel bars for loading tensile force into predetermined positions to fasten the blocks. A block panel thus formed is built up as a wall.
- Patent Document 1: Unexamined Japanese Utility Model Registration Publication No. Sho 64-7618 (pages 5 to 9)
- Patent Document 2: Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 55-39569 (pages 3 to 8)
- In the stacked-type concrete block described in the patent document 1, the use of the connecting pin members enables the blocks to be accurately and securely stacked. However, as the connecting pin members have to be provided on every boundary portion between the blocks abutting in a vertical direction, the work requires a large amount of time and labor.
- Moreover, since the connecting pin members do not pull the blocks to fix them to each other, if pulling force is loaded in axial directions of the connecting pin members at the boundary portions between the stacked and constructed blocks, the blocks may separate. As a result, whereas this block is preferable to the structures on which only compressive force in the axial directions of the connecting pin members is loaded, such as a wall, a fence and a basic foundation, it is not suitable for the structure such as a floor of a building where external force can be loaded in a direction of deflection.
- On the other hand, the method of constructing a block wall described in the patent document 2, joint surfaces of a number of blocks laid out in vertical and horizontal directions are bonded with an adhesive agent while inserting steel bars for loading tensile force to fasten the blocks, thereby forming a block panel. In this case, the force of connecting blocks to each other is small because the places into which the steel bars for loading tensile force are inserted are joint portions of adjacent blocks.
- Furthermore, as the joint surfaces of these blocks are bonded with an adhesive agent, the blocks has poor durability because the jointed portions of the blocks sometimes break up or cause a gap therebetween due to deterioration or shrinkage of the adhesive agent with passage of time after construction.
- A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a technique for constructing a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building in a relatively short time and an easy manner while improving durability of the flat structure.
- Means for Solving the Problems
- A block for construction according to the present invention is a block for construction capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other, the block for construction comprising a plurality of through holes formed for inserting linear or bar-like stretching members, and recessed parts formed on outer peripheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of the through holes to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing an axial direction of the stretching members, other stretching members.
- In the above structure, the plurality of the blocks for construction are arranged in a flat state so as to have contact with each other on their outer peripheral surfaces in such a manner that the plurality of the through holes communicate with each other while inserting the stretching members into the plurality of the through holes and disposing the stretching members on the recessed parts. By generating tensile force on these stretching members, the blocks for construction are bonded by pressure to form a flat structure.
- Accordingly, by building up the above flat structure as a wall, a floor or a ceiling when constructing a building, the flat structure such as the wall or the floor can easily be constructed in a relatively short time. In addition, the adjacent blocks for construction are bonded with pressure by the stretching members only, which causes no deterioration of an adhesive agent, leading to excellent durability.
- Here, the plurality of through holes may preferably be provided in parallel with each other with intervals therebetween in a through-thickness direction of a body of the block or in a direction perpendicular thereto. With this arrangement, the body of the block can be firmly held with the stretching members inserted into these through holes, and thus the strength after construction of the flat structure is further increased.
- As another arrangement, if a plurality of cavities opening at more than one place on the outer peripheral surfaces is provided, the weight of the body of the block itself can be decreased, and heat insulation is also improved. Moreover, after arranging the bodies of the plurality of blocks for construction to form the flat structure, the cavities can communicate with each other in a direction along the surfaces, thereby decreasing the weight of the flat structure and improving the heat insulation thereof.
- Next, a panel for construction according to the present invention is a panel for construction formed by arranging the plurality of the above-described blocks for construction in a flat state with outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other with the plurality of through holes being communicated, inserting the stretching members into the plurality of through holes while disposing the stretching members on the recessed parts, and bonding the blocks for construction by pressure by generating tensile force on these stretching members.
- By the above structure, a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building can be easily constructed in a relatively short time. No adhesive agent is used at all, and thus the durability of the flat structure is also improved.
- Preferably, reaction force members for generating tensile force on the above-described stretching member may be attached to outer peripheral surfaces of the blocks for construction, which are located on peripheral portions of the panel for construction. The reaction force members thus attached can appropriately generate tensile force on the stretching members, which further enhances the strength and durability. In this case, if the reaction force members are attached so as to cover whole peripheral portions like a frame, the rigidity is increased while the reaction force of the tensile force generated on the stretching members can be dispersed over the whole peripheral portions. Consequently, generation of cracks caused by stress concentration can be prevented.
- In this case, preferably, a gap filling agent may intervene between the adjacent blocks for construction for dispersing reaction force. By this structure, in the panel for construction, small gaps occurring from poor precision manufacturing of the blocks existing between the adjacent blocks for construction are filled with the gap filling agent. Thus, compressive stress generated between the blocks for construction due to the pressure exerted on the blocks for construction by the tensile force of the stretching members is uniformly dispersed by the gap filling agent existing between the adjacent blocks for construction and transmitted all over the adjacent blocks for construction. Therefore, generation of cracks or ruptures on the blocks for construction due to concentration of the compressive stress can be prevented.
- In this case, the above-described gap filling agent to be employed may be a curable paste or a material deformable by the pressure of the bonded blocks for construction. Here, the curable paste refers to a substance which is a paste at the start of use and, after evaporation of water or a solvent, or through chemical reaction such as hardening reaction, has a property of hardening to the extent not to rupture by the pressure of the bonded blocks for construction. The material deformable by the pressure of the bonded blocks means that at least a part of the material is deformable so as to fill the gap between the blocks along the shape of the gap when the material is clamped between the blocks for construction.
- The gap filling agents having the above-described properties seep or cause deformation between the adjacent blocks for construction by the pressure exerted on the blocks for construction by the tensile force of the stretching members, and fill the gap existing between the blocks for construction. Thus, most of the small gaps between the blocks for construction can be eliminated. Accordingly, the compressive stress generated between the blocks for construction is uniformly dispersed and transmitted through the gap filling agent, thereby preventing generation of cracks or ruptures due to stress concentration. The above filling agents intervene between the adjacent blocks for construction when arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state. In the case of curable paste, preferably, when the paste is hardened to the state in which the paste itself can transmit the compressive stress, the blocks for construction are pressurized and bonded to fill the gaps between the blocks for construction. As the material deformable by the pressure of the bonded blocks, a paper material (cardboard, for example), a metallic material (a steel sheet, for example) or the like can be employed.
- If a cement paste or liquid glass is used as the curable paste, small gaps existing between the adjacent blocks for construction can be filled in without any unevenness and leaks, which leads to an excellent stress dispersing function. Similar to the above, it is preferable that the blocks for construction are bonded with pressure at the point that the cement paste or the liquid glass is hardened to the state in which it can transmit the compressive stress.
- Meanwhile, as the reaction force member described above, preferably, a block body having a solid structure may be used in a region close to the peripheral portion of the panel for construction. Here, the solid structure refers to a structure having neither a through hole nor a cavity except an opening for inserting a bolt. By this structure, it is possible to prevent the reaction force member from rupture or damage due to pulling force loaded on the reaction force member (the block body) for generating tensile force on the stretching members.
- Next, a method of forming a panel for structure according to the present invention is a method comprising steps of arranging the plurality of above-described blocks for construction to be adjacent to each other in a flat state with a gap filling agent for dispersing stress intervening between outer peripheral surfaces of the blocks for construction and with the plurality of above-described through holes communicating with each other, inserting stretching members into the plurality of through holes while disposing stretching members on the above-described recessed parts, and loading tensile force on the stretching members to bond the blocks for construction with pressure.
- By the above structure, a panel for construction suitable for a flat structure such as a wall or floor of a building can be easily formed in a relatively short time. Furthermore, the intervention of the gap filling agent eliminates generation of cracks or rupture due to stress concentration, thereby further improving the strength and the durability.
- Advantage of the Invention
- (1) In a block for construction capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging a plurality of the blocks with their outer peripheral surfaces brought into contact with each other, provided are a plurality of through holes formed for inserting linear or bar-like stretching members and recessed parts formed on outer peripheral surfaces crossing the axial direction of the through holes to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members, other stretching members. Therefore, by simply arranging these blocks for structure in a flat state and connecting them, a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building can be constructed in a relatively short time and an easy manner while enhancing the durability of the flat structure.
- (2) A plurality of through holes is provided in parallel with each other with intervals therebetween in a through-thickness direction of a body of the block or a direction vertical thereto. As this enables the block body to be firmly held with the stretching members inserted into these through holes, the strength after construction of the flat structure is further increased.
- (3) Cavities opening at more than one place provided on the above-described outer peripheral surfaces can decrease the weight of the block body itself and render heat insulation. In addition, when arranging the plurality of blocks for structure to form a flat structure, these cavities can communicate with each other in a direction along the surfaces so that the weight of the flat structure can be decreased while improving the heat insulation thereof.
- (4) A panel for construction is formed by arranging the blocks for construction as described in the above (1) to (3) in a flat state with outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other and with the plurality of through holes being communicated, inserting the stretching members into the plurality of through holes while disposing the stretching members on the recessed parts, and bonding the blocks for construction by pressure by generating tensile force on these stretching members. By this structure, a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building can be easily constructed in a relatively short time. No adhesive agent is used at all, and thus the durability of the flat structure is also improved.
- (5) By attaching reaction force members for generating tensile force on the above stretching members to outer peripheral surfaces of the blocks for construction, which are located on peripheral portions, the strength and the durability can be further improved.
- (6) With a gap filling agent intervening between the adjacent blocks of construction for dispersing reacting force, gaps between the adjacent blocks for construction are filled with the gap filling agent, and the compressive stress generated between the blocks for construction is uniformly dispersed and transmitted over the adjacent blocks for construction. Therefore, generation of cracks or ruptures on the blocks for construction due to concentration of the compressive stress can be prevented.
- (7) As the above gap filling agent, if a curable paste, or a metallic or paper material which is deformable by the pressure of the bonded blocks for construction is employed, most of the small gaps between the blocks for construction can be eliminated, thereby preventing generation of cracks or ruptures due to stress concentration.
- (8) By using a cement paste or liquid glass as the curable paste, small gaps existing between the blocks for construction can be filled in a relatively easy operation without causing any unevenness. Accordingly, generation of cracks or ruptures due to stress concentration can be eliminated.
- (9) As the reaction force member described above, if a block body having a solid structure is used in a region close to the peripheral portion of the panel for construction, it is possible to prevent the reaction force member from rupture or damage due to pulling force loaded on the reaction force member for generating tensile force on the stretching members.
- (10) The method of the present invention includes steps of arranging the plurality of blocks for construction described above (1) to (3) in a flat state to be adjacent to each other with a gap filling agent for dispersing stress intervening between outer peripheral surfaces of the blocks for construction and with the plurality of above-described through holes communicating with each other, inserting stretching members into the plurality of the through holes while disposing stretching members on the above-described recessed parts, and loading tensile force on the stretching members to bond the blocks for construction by pressure. By this method, it is possible to form a panel for construction with high strength and durability suitable for a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of a building easily in a relatively short time.
- [
FIG. 1 ]FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a block for construction of a first embodiment of the present invention. - [
FIG. 2 ]FIG. 2 (a) is a plan view of the block for construction inFIG. 1 ; (b) is a front view of the same block; and (c) is a side view of the same block. - [
FIG. 3 ]FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a block for construction of a second embodiment of the present invention. - [
FIG. 4 ]FIG. 4 (a) is a plan view of the block for construction inFIG. 3 ; (b) is a front view of the same block; and (c) is a side view of the same block. - [
FIG. 5 ]FIG. 5 (a) is a perspective view of a panel for construction formed with the block for construction inFIG. 1 ; and (b) is a perspective view illustrating an arrangement of stretching members in the panel for construction. - [
FIG. 6 ]FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a corner portion of the panel for construction inFIG. 5 (a). - [
FIG. 7 ]FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a state where tensile force is loaded on the stretching members of the panel for construction inFIG. 5 . - [
FIG. 8 ]FIG. 8 (a) is a perspective view illustrating a panel for construction formed with the block for construction inFIGS. 1 and 2 ; and (b) is a perspective view illustrating an arrangement of stretching members in this penal for construction. - [
FIG. 9 ]FIG. 9 is a partially omitted perspective view illustrating a state where a wall and a floor of a building are constructed by the panel for construction inFIG. 5 (a) andFIG. 8 (a). - [
FIG. 10 ]FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a fence constructed by combining panels for construction formed with the block for construction inFIG. 1 . - [
FIG. 11 ]FIG. 11 is a plan view illustrating a block for construction of a third embodiment of the present invention. - [
FIG. 12 ]FIG. 12 is a side view of the block for construction inFIG. 11 . - [
FIG. 13 ]FIG. 13 is a plan view illustrating a block for construction of a fourth embodiment of the present invention. - [
FIG. 14 ]FIG. 14 is a side view of the block for construction inFIG. 13 . - [
FIG. 15 ]FIG. 15 is a plan view of an auxiliary block which is used in combination with the block for construction inFIGS. 11 and 13 . - [
FIG. 16 ]FIG. 16 is a side view of the auxiliary block inFIG. 15 . - [
FIG. 17 ]FIG. 17 is a perspective view illustrating a panel for construction formed with the block for construction inFIGS. 11 and 13 . - [
FIG. 18 ]FIG. 18 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the panel for construction inFIG. 17 . - [
FIG. 19 ]FIG. 19 (a) is a partially enlarged perspective view of the panel for construction inFIG. 17 ; and (b) is a partially enlarged view of (a). - [
FIG. 20 ]FIG. 20 (a) is a sectional view taken along the line A-A ofFIG. 17 ; and (b) is a sectional view taken along the line B-B ofFIG. 17 . - 10, 20, 70, 80: block for construction
- 10 a, 20 a, 70 a, 80 a: upper surface
- 10 b, 20 b, 70 b, 80 b: lower surface
- 10 c, 20 c, 70 c, 80 c: left side surface
- 10 d, 20 d, 70 d, 80 d: right side surface
- 10 e, 20 e, 70 e, 80 e: rear surface
- 10 f, 20 f, 70 f, 80 f: front surface
- 10 w, 20 w, 70 w, 80 w, 90 w: dimension in length direction
- 10 t, 20 t: through-thickness direction
- 11, 21, 33, 71, 81, 91: through hole
- 12, 22, 72, 82, 92: recessed part
- 13, 23, 73, 83: cavity
- 14, 24, 74, 84: groove
- 30, 30X, 30Y, 31: stretching member
- 32: reaction force member
- 30 a, 31 a: external thread part
- 34 a, 34 b, 34 c, 34 d, 34 e: holding plate
- 35, 37: nut
- 36: spring washer
- 40, 41, 42, 50, 100: panel for construction
- 43: fence
- 60, 61: beam
- 90, 90 h: auxiliary block
- 93: recessed part
- C: ceiling
- F: floor
- SP: cement paste
- W: wall
- In reference to FIGS. 1 to 10, explained below are a block for construction and a panel for construction according to first and second embodiments of the present invention.
- As shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2 , a block forconstruction 10 of the first embodiment of the present invention is, as further described below, a block capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with four outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, anupper surface 10 a, alower surface 10 b, aleft side surface 10 c and aright side surface 10 d brought into contact with each other. In the block forconstruction 10, a plurality of throughholes 11 for inserting bar-like stretching members therein, as further described below, are formed in parallel with afront surface 10 f and a rear surface 11 e, and recessedparts 12 are formed on theupper surface 10 a and thelower surface 10 b forming outer peripheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of the throughholes 11 to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into the throughholes 11, other stretching members. - The block for
construction 10 is further formed with fivecavities 13 opening on theupper surface 10 a and thelower surface 10 b in a manner of penetrating the block forconstruction 10. On each of theleft side surface 10 c and theright side surface 10 d, agroove 14 is formed in the same direction of the arranging direction of thecavities 13. - A block for
construction 20 illustrated inFIGS. 3 and 4 is, similar to the block forconstruction 10, a block capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with four outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, anupper surface 20 a, alower surface 20 b, aleft side surface 20 c and aright side surface 20 d brought into contact with each other. In the block forconstruction 20, a plurality of throughholes 21 for inserting stretching members therein are formed in parallel with afront surface 20 f and arear surface 20 e, and recessedparts 22 are formed on theupper surface 20 a and thelower surface 20 b forming outer peripheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of the throughholes 21 to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into the throughholes 21, other stretching members. - The block for
construction 20 is also formed with twocavities 23 opening on theupper surface 20 a and thelower surface 20 b in a manner of penetrating the block forconstruction 20. On each of theleft side surface 20 c and theright side surface 20 d, agroove 24 is formed in the same direction of the arranging direction of thecavities 23. - As described above, the only difference between the block for
construction 10 and the block forconstruction 20 is the dimension in a length direction. The dimensions and structures of the remaining parts are the same. In other words, only a dimension in alength direction 10 w of the block forconstruction 10 is a double of a dimension in alength direction 20 w of the block forconstruction 20, and other features are the same. - As shown in
FIG. 5 (a), the plurality of blocks forconstruction 10 are arranged in a flat state so that the outer peripheral surfaces thereof are brought into contact with each other and that the plurality of throughholes 11 linearly communicates with each other in the axial direction. As shown inFIG. 5 (b), stretchingmembers 30 are inserted into the plurality of throughholes 11 communicating with each other, and stretchingmembers 31 are disposed on the recessedparts 12. Then,reaction force members 32 are attached along the outer peripheral surfaces of the blocks forconstruction 10 located on an utmost outer periphery. As shown inFIG. 6 , holdingplates external thread parts members holes 33 of thereaction force members 32,spring washers 36 are attached, andnuts 35 are screwed thereon. - Then, by fastening the nuts 35 to generate tensile force on the stretching
members construction 10 are firmly bonded together and, as shown inFIG. 5 , a panel forconstruction 40 which is a flat structure is formed. In this case, at the portions where thereaction force members 32 abut on each other, it is preferable to use the holdingplates - As the stretching
members external threads parts members construction 10. Furthermore, thespring washers 36 intervening between the holdingplates construction 10 or extension of the stretchingmembers - In a panel for
construction 40, the stretchingmembers 30 and the stretchingmembers 31 are disposed in a manner perpendicularly crossing each other lengthwise and crosswise. While the stretchingmembers 31 are disposed one by one in each of the spaces formed by the adjacent recessedparts 12, the stretchingmembers 30 are disposed two by two to be arranged in a through-thickness direction of the panel. Thus, the numbers of the stretching members disposed are different lengthwise and crosswise. Accordingly, when fastening the nuts 35 to load tensile force on the stretchingmembers construction 40. - Specifically, as shown in
FIG. 7 (a), when 10 tons of tensile force is loaded on the stretchingmembers 31 in the direction of arrows, it is preferable that, in two stretchingmembers FIG. 7 (b), 10 tons of tensile force is loaded in the direction of arrows on the stretchingmember 30X located on an upper side, while 5 tons of tensile force is loaded in the direction of arrows on the stretchingmember 30Y located on a lower side. By loading tensile force in this manner, the difference between the strength of the panel forconstruction 40 in the direction of the stretchingmembers 31 and the strength in the direction of the stretchingmembers construction 40 in the direction of deflection. - In the panel for
construction 40, the blocks forconstruction 10 are arranged in a grid pattern. However, as shown inFIG. 8 , it is possible to arrange the plurality of blocks forconstruction 10 in a zigzag pattern to form a panel forconstruction 50. In this case, the blocks forconstruction 20 shown inFIG. 3 are arranged in peripheral portions so as to form an utmost periphery straight. The stretchingmembers reaction force members 32 are mounted in a similar manner to the panel forconstruction 40. - When constructing a building, as shown in
FIG. 9 , the panels forconstruction beams construction 40, these connecting portions can be easily constructed while enhancing the strength. - In the panels for
construction construction members - As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the plurality of through
holes construction thickness directions blocks length direction thickness directions members 30 inserted into these throughholes blocks construction - On the other hand, as the blocks for
construction cavities construction construction cavities construction - In the panels for
construction force members 32 are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the blocks forconstruction members members reaction force members 32 are attached so as to cover whole peripheral portions like a frame, the rigidity is increased while the reaction force of the tensile force generated on the stretchingmembers - The length/width ratios and the dimensions of the panels for
construction constructions FIG. 10 , panels forconstruction construction 10 can be combined to form a flat structure such as afence 43. - Next, in reference to FIGS. 11 to 20, a block for construction and a panel for construction using the block according to third and fourth embodiments of the present invention are explained.
- As shown in
FIGS. 11 and 12 , a block forconstruction 70 of the first embodiment is a block capable of constructing a flat structure (a panel for construction) described below by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with four outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, anupper surface 70 a, alower surface 70 b, aleft side surface 70 c and aright side surface 70 d brought into contact with each other. In the block forconstruction 70, a plurality of throughholes 71 for inserting bar-like stretching members therein, as further described below, are formed in parallel with afront surface 70 f and arear surface 70 e, and recessedparts 72 are formed on theupper surface 70 a forming an outer peripheral surface crossing an axial direction of the throughholes 71 to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into the throughholes 71, other stretching members. - The block for
construction 70 is further formed with fivecavities 73 opening on theupper surface 70 a and thelower surface 70 b in a manner of penetrating the block forconstruction 70. On each of theleft side surface 70 c and theright side surface 70 d, agroove 74 is formed in the same direction of the arranging direction of thecavities 73. - A block for
construction 80 illustrated inFIGS. 13 and 14 is used in combination with the block forconstruction 70 and is a block capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality ofblocks 80 in a flat state with three outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, anupper surface 80 a, alower surface 80 b and aleft side surface 80 c brought into contact with the block forconstruction 70. In the block forconstruction 80, a plurality of throughholes 81 for inserting stretching members therein are formed in parallel with afront surface 80 f and arear surface 80 e, and recessedparts 82 are formed on theupper surface 80 a forming an outer peripheral surface crossing an axial direction of the throughholes 81 to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into the throughholes 81, other stretching members. - The block for
construction 80 is further formed with a plurality ofcavities 83 opening on theupper surface 80 a and thelower surface 80 b in a manner of penetrating the block forconstruction 80. On theleft side surface 80 c that is one side surface of the block forconstruction 80, agroove 84 is formed in the same direction of the arranging direction of thecavities 83. - In the block for
construction 70 and the block forconstruction 80,dimensions holes cavities grooves construction 70, the fivecavities 73 are symmetrically disposed and thegroove 74 is formed on both of theleft side surface 70 c and theright side surface 70 d whereas, in the block forconstruction 80, the threecavities 83 are disposed between a center and theleft side surface 80 c and thegroove 84 is formed only on theleft side surface 80 c. - An
auxiliary block 90 illustrated inFIGS. 15 and 16 is to be combined with the blocks forconstruction auxiliary block 90 has the same outer dimension as those of the blocks forconstruction FIG. 11 , and is a block body having a rectangular parallelepiped shape with flat outer peripheral surfaces, provided with a plurality of throughholes 91 having the same sizes on the positions corresponding to the positions where the plurality of throughholes construction - As shown in
FIG. 17 , the plurality of block forconstruction 70 are arranged in a flat state with the outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other and with the plurality of throughholes 71 linearly communicating with each other in an axial direction. Then, as shown inFIG. 20 (a), the stretchingmembers 30 are inserted into the plurality of throughholes 11 communicating with each other and, as shown inFIG. 20 (b), the stretchingmembers 31 are disposed in a recessedpart 82. In this case, on both distal ends of the stretchingmembers 30, theauxiliary block 90 shown inFIG. 15 is disposed and, on the positions near the both distal ends of the stretchingmembers 31, anauxiliary block 90 h (seeFIG. 18 ) is disposed. Theauxiliary block 90 h has a dimension in alength direction 90 w which is a half those of the block forconstruction 80 and theauxiliary block 90 shown inFIG. 13 and has a recessedpart 93. As shown inFIG. 20 (b), the block forconstruction 80 is arranged with thegroove 84 facing toward a center of the stretchingmember 30 in an axial direction, exposing theright side surface 80 d where thegroove 84 is not formed. - When arranging the blocks for
construction auxiliary block 90, as shown inFIG. 19 (a), a cement paste SP which is a gap filling agent for dispersing stress is provided to intervene between the adjacent blocks. The cement paste SP is a curable paste material. The one used in the present embodiment is formed by mixing early-strength portland cement and water in the ratio of around 2.6:1.0. InFIG. 19 (a), the cement paste SP is emphatically illustrated like a conventional “joint”; however, the actual thickness of the cement paste SP is not more than 1 mm and, preferably, about 0.1 to 0.2 mm. - Then, as shown in
FIG. 20 (a), holdingplates 34 d are mounted on theexternal thread parts 30 a of the stretchingmembers 30, which are protruding from the throughholes 91 of the blocks forstructure 90 located on the outer periphery, followed by mounting spring washers (not shown) and screwing the nuts 37. In addition, as shown inFIG. 20 (b), holdingplates 34 e are mounted on theexternal thread parts 31 a of the stretchingmembers 31, which are protruding from the recessedparts 82 of the blocks forstructure 80 located on the outer periphery, followed by mounting spring washers (not shown) and screwing the nuts 37. - At the time when the cement paste SP is cured to be hard enough to transmit compressive stress, each of the nuts 37 is tightened to generate tensile force on the stretching
members FIG. 19 (b), gaps between the blocks are filled with the cement paste SP, and the block forstructure auxiliary block 90 are firmly bonded to each other with pressure, thereby forming a panel forconstruction 100 as a flat structure as shown inFIG. 17 . In this case, on outer peripheral portions of the panel forconstruction 100, disposed are the blocks forstructure 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 90 h which have no uneven surfaces, cavities and through holes except for bolt-holes on their exposed portions. Therefore, the blocks can be firmly bonded to each other with pressure and are free from damages caused by the stress loaded by the stretchingmembers plates - As the stretching
members external thread portions members plates members - In the panel for
construction 100, theblocks members construction 100. Accordingly, the tensile force can be appropriately generated on the stretchingmembers blocks members - As shown in
FIG. 19 (b), in the panel forconstruction 100, the cement paste SP which is a gap filling agent for dispersing reacting force intervenes between the adjacent blocks forconstruction construction - In the above structure, the cement paste SP is employed as a gap filling agent. As a result, in the panel for
construction 100, most of the small gaps between the adjacent blocks forconstruction members 30 and 31 (a ferrous material such as a steel sheet, for example). - Meanwhile, the block for
construction 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 90 h which are block bodies having a solid structure are used in regions close to the peripheral portions of the panel forconstruction 100. Therefore, the force loaded on theseblocks members blocks members construction 100 can be elastically deformed in a deflective direction. - The length/width ratio and the dimension of the panel for
construction 100 can be optionally set by changing the number of the blocks forconstruction construction 100 can be widely used as a various kinds of flat structures constructing a building. - The block for construction and the panel for construction according to the present invention can be widely used as materials for forming a flat structure such as a wall, a floor, a ceiling or a fence of a building.
Claims (17)
1-10. (canceled)
11. A block for construction capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other, the block for construction comprising:
a plurality of through holes formed for inserting linear or bar-like stretching members, and
recessed parts formed on said outer peripheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of said through holes to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing an axial direction of said stretching members, other stretching members.
12. The block for construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein said plurality of through holes are provided in parallel with each other with intervals therebetween in a through-thickness direction of a body of said block for construction or in a direction perpendicular thereto.
13. The block for construction as claimed in claim 11 , wherein a plurality of cavities opening at more than one place on said outer peripheral surfaces are provided.
14. A panel for construction formed by arranging said plurality of blocks for construction claimed in claim 11 in a flat state with outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other with said plurality of through holes being communicated, inserting said stretching members into the plurality of through holes while disposing the stretching members on said recessed parts, and bonding said blocks for construction with pressure by generating tensile force on said stretching members.
15. The panel for construction as claimed in claim 14 , wherein a gap filling agent for dispersing reaction force intervenes between said blocks for construction which are adjacent to each other.
16. The panel for construction as claimed in claim 14 , wherein reaction force members for generating tensile force on said stretching member are attached to outer peripheral surfaces of said blocks for construction, the outer peripheral surfaces being located on peripheral portions of said panel for construction.
17. The panel for construction as claimed in claim 16 , wherein a block body having a solid structure is used as said reaction force member in a region close to a peripheral portion of said panel for construction.
18. The panel for construction as claimed in claim 15 , wherein said gap filling agent is a curable paste or a material deformable by bonding pressure of said blocks for construction.
19. The panel for construction as claimed in claim 18 , wherein said paste is a cement paste or liquid glass.
20. A method of forming a panel for structure comprising steps of:
arranging said plurality of blocks for construction claimed in claim 11 to be adjacent to each other in a flat state with a gap filling agent for dispersing stress intervening between outer peripheral surfaces of said blocks for construction and with said plurality of through holes communicating with each other,
inserting stretching members into said plurality of the through holes while disposing said stretching members on said recessed parts, and
loading tensile force on said stretching members to bond said blocks for construction with pressure.
21. The block for construction as claimed in claim 12 , wherein a plurality of cavities opening at more than one place on said outer peripheral surfaces are provided.
22. A panel for construction formed by arranging said plurality of blocks for construction claimed in claim 12 in a flat state with outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other with said plurality of through holes being communicated, inserting said stretching members into the plurality of through holes while disposing the stretching members on said recessed parts, and bonding said blocks for construction with pressure by generating tensile force on said stretching members.
23. A panel for construction formed by arranging said plurality of blocks for construction claimed in claim 13 in a flat state with outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other with said plurality of through holes being communicated, inserting said stretching members into the plurality of through holes while disposing the stretching members on said recessed parts, and bonding said blocks for construction with pressure by generating tensile force on said stretching members.
24. The panel for construction as claimed in claim 15 , wherein reaction force members for generating tensile force on said stretching member are attached to outer peripheral surfaces of said blocks for construction, the outer peripheral surfaces being located on peripheral portions of said panel for construction.
25. A method of forming a panel for structure comprising steps of:
arranging said plurality of blocks for construction claimed in claim 12 to be adjacent to each other in a flat state with a gap filling agent for dispersing stress intervening between outer peripheral surfaces of said blocks for construction and with said plurality of through holes communicating with each other,
inserting stretching members into said plurality of the through holes while disposing said stretching members on said recessed parts, and
loading tensile force on said stretching members to bond said blocks for construction with pressure.
26. A method of forming a panel for structure comprising steps of:
arranging said plurality of blocks for construction claimed in claim 13 to be adjacent to each other in a flat state with a gap filling agent for dispersing stress intervening between outer peripheral surfaces of said blocks for construction and with said plurality of through holes communicating with each other,
inserting stretching members into said plurality of the through holes while disposing said stretching members on said recessed parts, and
loading tensile force on said stretching members to bond said blocks for construction with pressure.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-279399 | 2003-07-24 | ||
JP2003279399 | 2003-07-24 | ||
PCT/JP2004/010409 WO2005010292A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-07-22 | Block for construction, panel for construction using the block, and method of molding panel for construction |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060156673A1 true US20060156673A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
Family
ID=34100816
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/563,798 Abandoned US20060156673A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-07-22 | Block for constructions, panel for construction using the block, and method of forming panel for construction |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060156673A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1650372A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4619290B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100414058C (en) |
CA (1) | CA2530815A1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1093088A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2330921C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005010292A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9435118B2 (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-09-06 | King Saud University | Interlocking masonry blocks for construction of load bearing and non-load bearing walls |
WO2017009821A1 (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-01-19 | Tanami Yonathan | A construction block, a wall structure comprising the same, and a method for manufacture of said construction block and of said wall structure |
US9926703B1 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2018-03-27 | Constructive, Llc | Prefabricated masonry wall panels |
US9932737B1 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2018-04-03 | Constructive , Llc | Prefabricated masonry lintels |
US10544583B2 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2020-01-28 | Constructive, L.L.C. | Prefabricated masonry walls |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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AT504835B1 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2009-09-15 | Bauhutte Leitl Werke Gmbh | REFUGEED WEARING ELEMENT |
JP5579403B2 (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2014-08-27 | 株式会社竹中工務店 | Masonry wall reinforcement structure and masonry structure |
WO2012051611A1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Constructive, L.L.C. | Prefabricated compound masonry units |
JP5850525B2 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2016-02-03 | 株式会社竹中工務店 | Masonry wall |
KR101320092B1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-10-18 | 배성조 | Method for constructing of wall and wall structure threrof |
CN107614813B (en) * | 2015-04-25 | 2019-10-29 | 李光富 | The building block of cast-in-place wall core and mold, manufacturing method and building method connect muscle pipe, bent baseline box |
WO2017195360A1 (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-16 | 株式会社エム・テック | House frame structure |
CN111247298B (en) | 2017-10-02 | 2021-07-23 | 李光富 | Frame pipe recombination cover plate of cast-in-situ wall core building block mould |
WO2023121434A1 (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-29 | Lee Kwek Ming | Modular wall system |
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- 2004-07-22 EP EP04770873A patent/EP1650372A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2004-07-22 CA CA002530815A patent/CA2530815A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US9926703B1 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2018-03-27 | Constructive, Llc | Prefabricated masonry wall panels |
US9932737B1 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2018-04-03 | Constructive , Llc | Prefabricated masonry lintels |
US10544583B2 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2020-01-28 | Constructive, L.L.C. | Prefabricated masonry walls |
US9435118B2 (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-09-06 | King Saud University | Interlocking masonry blocks for construction of load bearing and non-load bearing walls |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2005010292A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
HK1093088A1 (en) | 2007-02-23 |
CN100414058C (en) | 2008-08-27 |
RU2330921C2 (en) | 2008-08-10 |
RU2006100685A (en) | 2006-07-10 |
CA2530815A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
CN1826450A (en) | 2006-08-30 |
WO2005010292A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
JP4619290B2 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
EP1650372A1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TAMA HOME CO., LTD., JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NAKAMURA, MITUO;REEL/FRAME:017452/0975 Effective date: 20051219 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |