US20060083625A1 - Control valve for variable displacement compressor - Google Patents
Control valve for variable displacement compressor Download PDFInfo
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- US20060083625A1 US20060083625A1 US11/247,257 US24725705A US2006083625A1 US 20060083625 A1 US20060083625 A1 US 20060083625A1 US 24725705 A US24725705 A US 24725705A US 2006083625 A1 US2006083625 A1 US 2006083625A1
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- plunger
- shaft
- pressure
- variable displacement
- valve
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
- F04B27/16—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B27/18—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
- F04B27/1804—Controlled by crankcase pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
- F04B27/16—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B27/18—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
- F04B27/1804—Controlled by crankcase pressure
- F04B2027/1809—Controlled pressure
- F04B2027/1813—Crankcase pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
- F04B27/16—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B27/18—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
- F04B27/1804—Controlled by crankcase pressure
- F04B2027/1822—Valve-controlled fluid connection
- F04B2027/1827—Valve-controlled fluid connection between crankcase and discharge chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
- F04B27/16—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B27/18—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
- F04B27/1804—Controlled by crankcase pressure
- F04B2027/184—Valve controlling parameter
- F04B2027/1854—External parameters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
- F04B27/16—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B27/18—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
- F04B27/1804—Controlled by crankcase pressure
- F04B2027/184—Valve controlling parameter
- F04B2027/1859—Suction pressure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control valve for a variable displacement compressor, and more particularly to a control valve for a variable displacement compressor which is suitable for controlling refrigerant displacement of a variable displacement compressor for an automotive air conditioner.
- a compressor used in a refrigeration cycle of an automotive air conditioner is driven by an engine whose rotational speed varies depending on a traveling condition of the vehicle, and hence is incapable of performing rotational speed control.
- a variable displacement compressor capable of changing refrigerant displacement is employed so as to obtain an adequate refrigerating capacity without being constrained by the rotational speed of the engine.
- variable displacement compressor in general, a wobble plate disposed within a crankcase formed gastight, such that the inclination angle thereof can be changed, is driven by the rotational motion of a rotating shaft, for performing wobbling motion, and pistons caused to perform reciprocating motion in a direction parallel to the rotating shaft by the wobbling motion of the wobble plate draw refrigerant from a suction chamber into associated cylinders, compress the refrigerant, and then discharge the same into a discharge chamber.
- the inclination angle of the wobble plate can be varied by changing the pressure in the crankcase, whereby the stroke of the pistons is changed for changing the discharge amount of the refrigerant.
- the control valve for a variable displacement compressor controls the changing of the pressure in the crankcase.
- control valve for a variable displacement compressor which variably controls the displacement of the compressor, operates to introduce part of refrigerant at discharge pressure Pd discharged from the discharge chamber into the crankcase formed gastight, such that pressure Pc in the crankcase is controlled through control of the amount of refrigerant thus introduced.
- the control of the amount of introduced refrigerant is carried out e.g. by a known method of controlling the amount of introduced refrigerant according to suction pressure Ps in the suction chamber. That is, the control valve for a variable displacement compressor senses the suction pressure Ps, and controls the flow rate of refrigerant at the discharge pressure Pd introduced from the discharge chamber into the crankcase, so as to hold the suction pressure Ps at a constant level.
- control valve for a variable displacement compressor is equipped with a pressure-sensing section for sensing the suction pressure Ps, and a valve section for causing a passage leading from the suction chamber to the crankcase to open and close according to the suction pressure Ps sensed by the pressure-sensing section.
- a type of the control valve for a variable displacement compressor which is capable of freely externally setting a value of suction pressure Ps to be assumed at the start of the variable displacement operation, is equipped with a solenoid that enables configuration of settings of the pressure-sensing section by external electric current.
- control valves for a variable displacement compressor which can be externally controlled include a type for control of a so-called clutchless variable displacement compressor configured such that an engine is directly connected to a rotating shaft without providing an electromagnetic clutch between the engine and the rotating shaft on which a wobble plate is fitted, for execution and inhibition of transmission of a driving force to the engine (see e.g. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2000-110731 (Paragraph numbers [0010] and [0044], and FIG. 1)).
- This control valve comprises a valve section causing a passage communicating between a discharge chamber and a crankcase to be opened and closed, a solenoid for generating an electromagnetic force causing the valve section to operate in the closing direction, and a pressure-sensing section for causing the valve section to operate in the opening direction as suction pressure Ps becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure, which are arranged in this order. Therefore, when the solenoid is not energized, the valve section is in a fully open state, whereby pressure Pc in the crankcase can be held at pressure close to discharge pressure Pd. This causes the wobble plate to become substantially at right angles to the rotating shaft, enabling the variable displacement compressor to operate at the minimum displacement. Thus, the refrigerant displacement can be substantially reduced to approximately zero even when the engine is directly connected to the rotating shaft, which makes it possible to eliminate the electromagnetic clutch.
- the conventional control valve for controlling a variable displacement compressor having no use for the electromagnetic clutch is configured such that the pressure-sensing section and the valve section are arranged with the solenoid interposed therebetween, and the suction pressure Ps is introduced to the pressure-sensing section which compares the suction pressure Ps and the atmospheric pressure, via the solenoid.
- This necessitates the solenoid in its entirety to be accommodated within a pressure chamber, and hence components of the solenoid need to be designed with considerations given to resistance to pressure.
- the present applicant has proposed a control valve for a variable displacement compressor configured such that the plunger of a solenoid is divided into a first plunger and a second plunger, and a pressure-sensing member, such as a diaphragm or a bellows, is interposed therebetween for sensing suction pressure Ps, whereby the suction pressure Ps is isolated from the atmospheric pressure in which the solenoid is disposed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-289581).
- control valve for a variable displacement compressor that accommodates one of the divided plungers in a vacuum container, and sealing an opening of the vacuum container with a diaphragm, whereby the diaphragm isolates suction pressure Ps from the atmospheric pressure in which the coil of a solenoid is disposed
- Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-125532 Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-125532
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the construction of the conventional control valve for a variable displacement compressor.
- the control valve includes a valve section, as shown in an upper part of FIG. 2 , which receives discharge pressure Pd from a discharge chamber of the compressor to supply controlled pressure Pc to the crankcase.
- the valve section comprises a valve seat 101 , a valve element 102 disposed on a downstream side in opposed relation thereto, and a spring 103 urging the valve element 102 in a valve closing direction.
- the valve element 102 is formed integrally with a shaft 104 that is formed to have an outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of a valve hole, and is held in a body in a manner axially movable back and forth.
- a solenoid is disposed, as shown in a lower part of FIG. 2 .
- the solenoid comprises a core 106 and a first plunger 107 that are disposed within a bottomed sleeve 105 , and a second plunger 108 and a coil 109 that are disposed outside the bottomed sleeve 105 , with a diaphragm 110 provided between the first plunger 107 and the second plunger 108 , such that the diaphragm 110 seals the open end of the bottomed sleeve 105 .
- the first plunger 107 is fixed to a shaft 111 that is disposed to extend through the center of the core 106 , and the shaft 111 is urged by a spring 112 in a direction of causing the first plunger 107 to be moved away from the core 106 , whereby the first plunger 107 is brought into contact with an inner surface of the diaphragm 110 .
- Suction pressure Ps in the suction chamber of the variable displacement compressor is introduced into a space within which the second plunger 108 is disposed, and the diaphragm 110 senses the suction pressure Ps.
- the second plunger 108 is fixed to an end of the shaft 104 opposite to an end thereof where the valve element 102 is provided, and further is urged by a spring 113 larger in load than the spring 103 of the valve section, in a direction of moving away from the diaphragm 110 . This urges the shaft 104 upward as viewed in FIG. 2 , and when the control valve is not in operation, the valve section is held in a fully-open state as shown in FIG. 2 . Therefore, in this state, even if the rotating shaft of the compressor is driven by the engine for rotation, the compressor is operated at the minimum displacement.
- the first plunger 107 and the second plunger 108 are magnetically coupled to each other with the diaphragm interposed therebetween so as to behave as one plunger.
- the axial positions of the first plunger 107 and the second plunger 108 determine a valve lift of the valve section, and the valve lift is set according to the control current supplied to the coil 109 .
- the diaphragm 110 receives the suction pressure PS, and hence is axially displaced according to the suction pressure Ps. The displacement of the diaphragm is transmitted to the valve element 102 via the second plunger 108 and the shaft 104 .
- the control valve for a variable displacement compressor introduces refrigerant at pressure Pc into the crankcase by controlling the flow of refrigerant at discharge pressure Pd to a flow rate dependent on the control current supplied to the coil 109 .
- This causes the compressor to operate at displacement dependent on the control current.
- the suction pressure Ps rises, the diaphragm 110 is displaced downward as viewed in FIG. 2 , while if the suction pressure Ps drops, the diaphragm 110 is displaced upward as viewed in FIG. 2 .
- the valve lift of the valve section is varied to thereby adjust the pressure Pc in the crankcase, and hence after all, the compressor has its displacement controlled such that suction pressure Ps becomes equal to a value set by the solenoid.
- the shaft formed integrally with the valve element also has the function of guiding the second plunger. Therefore, when the second plunger is axially moved by an attractive force produced on the second plunger by the solenoid, the second plunger is tilted depending on the state of the spring axially urging the second plunger, so that a couple of forces act on the shaft held in the body, to markedly spoil the axial slidability of the shaft, so that the valve element becomes incapable of moving smoothly.
- the present invention has been made in view of this problem, and an object thereof is to provide a control valve for a variable displacement compressor which is improved in slidability of a shaft that transmits a change in suction pressure to a valve element and is enhanced in controllability.
- the present invention provides a control valve for a variable displacement compressor in which a plunger of a solenoid is divided into a first plunger and a second plunger, and a pressure-sensing member is disposed between the first plunger and the second plunger, for sensing suction pressure, the second plunger transmitting a change in the suction pressure sensed by the pressure-sensing member to a valve element via a shaft, wherein the second plunger is held by a spring that urges the second plunger in a direction away from the pressure-sensing member, and is caused to be in contact with the shaft.
- FIG. 1 is a central longitudinal cross-sectional view of the construction of a control valve for a variable displacement compressor of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing of the construction of a conventional control valve for a variable displacement compressor.
- FIG. 1 is a central longitudinal cross-sectional view of the construction of a control valve for a variable displacement compressor, according to the present invention.
- This control valve has a valve section provided as shown in an upper part of FIG. 1 .
- the valve section includes a body 11 formed with a side opening which communicates with a discharge chamber of the variable displacement compressor to form a port 12 for receiving discharge pressure Pd from the discharge chamber.
- the port 12 has a strainer 13 fixed to the periphery thereof.
- the port 12 for receiving the discharge pressure Pd communicates with a port 14 opening in the top of the body 11 , via a refrigerant passage formed through the inside of the body 11 .
- the port 14 communicates with the crankcase of the variable displacement compressor so as to deliver controlled pressure Pc to the crankcase.
- a valve seat 15 is formed integrally with the body 11 .
- a valve element 16 is axially disposed in a manner movable to and away from the valve seat 15 .
- the valve element 16 is formed integrally with a shaft 17 which extends downward as viewed in the figure through a valve hole such that it is axially movably held by the body 11 .
- the discharge pressure Pd from the discharge chamber is introduced into a small-diameter portion which connects between the valve element 16 and the shaft 17 .
- the outer diameter of the shaft 17 is set to be equal to the inner diameter of the valve hole forming the valve seat 15 such that the pressure-receiving area of the valve element 16 is equal to that of the shaft 17 .
- This causes a force of the discharge pressure Pd which acts on the valve element 16 in the upward direction as viewed in FIG. 1 to be cancelled out by a force acting on the shaft 17 in the downward direction as viewed in FIG. 1 , so as to prevent the control of the valve section from being adversely affected by the discharge pressure Pd which is high in pressure level.
- the valve element 16 is urged by a spring 18 in the valve closing direction, and load of the spring 18 is adjusted by an adjustment screw 19 screwed into the port 14 .
- a port 20 communicating with a suction chamber of the variable displacement compressor to receive suction pressure Ps is formed in a lower portion of the body 11 as viewed in FIG. 1 .
- the lower end of the body 11 is rigidly press-fitted in a body 21 of a magnetic material forming a part of the solenoid.
- a second plunger 22 is arranged within the body 21 as one of divided plungers of the solenoid.
- the second plunger 22 has a hole formed in the center of an upper end face thereof as viewed in FIG. 1 such that the hole has an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the shaft 17 .
- the shaft 17 which is held by the body 11 without almost any clearance in a manner axially movable back and forth has a lower end face thereof brought into contact with the bottom of the hole.
- the lower end face of the shaft 17 is formed to be arcuate in cross-section, which prevents a couple of forces from being generated on the shaft 17 by vertical motions of the second plunger 22 even when the shaft 17 is not in contact with the bottom of the hole precisely at right angles.
- the second plunger 22 is also formed to have a T shape in cross-section, and a lower surface of a flange 23 thereof as viewed in FIG. 1 is opposed to an upper surface of the body 21 as viewed in FIG. 1 . This causes an axial attractive force to be generated between the opposed surfaces of the flange 23 and the body 21 to thereby assisting the valve section in promptly moving in the valve closing direction.
- the second plunger 22 is urged by a spring 24 disposed between the same and a stepped portion formed inside the body 21 , upward as viewed in FIG. 1 .
- the spring 24 has a larger load than that of the spring 18 urging the valve element 16 in the valve closing direction. Therefore, when the solenoid is not energized, the second plunger 22 can push the shaft 17 upward until the shaft 17 is brought into contact with the ceiling of a chamber communicating with the port 20 , and hold the valve element 16 in its fully open position.
- the spring 24 also holds a part of the second plunger 22 lower than the flange 23 thereof, whereby the spring 24 has the function of guiding the second plunger 22 .
- the pressure-sensing section and the remaining component parts of the solenoid. More specifically, below the second plunger 22 as viewed in FIG. 1 , there is disposed an assembly that is formed by accommodating a first plunger 26 as the other of divided plungers of the solenoid, a core 27 , and a spring 28 , in the bottomed sleeve 25 forming the vacuum container, and sealing the opening of the bottomed sleeve 25 with a metal diaphragm 29 , and outside the bottomed sleeve 25 , there are arranged a coil 30 , and a case 31 formed integrally with the body 21 and a handle 32 which constitute a yoke for forming a magnetic circuit.
- the core 27 is rigidly press-fitted and the first plunger 26 is disposed on a side of the core 27 toward the valve section in a manner axially movable back and forth.
- the first plunger 26 is rigidly press-fitted on one end of a shaft 33 axially extending in the center of the core 27 , and the other end of the shaft 33 is supported by a bearing 34 slidably disposed in the core 27 .
- a stop ring 35 is fitted on an intermediate portion of the shaft 33 , and a spring-receiving member 36 is provided such that the upward movement thereof as viewed in FIG. 1 is restricted by the stop ring 35 .
- the spring 28 is interposed between the spring-receiving member 36 and the bearing 34 .
- the first plunger 26 is urged by the spring 28 via the shaft 33 in a direction away from the core 27 . It should be noted that the bottom of the bottomed sleeve 25 is pushed to be deformed inward, whereby the axial position of the bearing 34 is changed to adjust the load of the spring 28 . Thus, the set point of the control valve is adjusted.
- the bottomed sleeve 25 accommodating the first plunger 26 and the core 27 as described above is sealed by welding the diaphragm 29 to a flange portion formed on the open end of the bottomed sleeve 25 , whereby the gastight assembly is formed such that the inside thereof is maintained under vacuum.
- the body 21 , the case 31 , and the handle 32 are formed of magnetic substances to serve as the yoke of the magnetic circuit of the solenoid. Magnetic lines of force generated by the coil 30 pass through the magnetic circuit formed by the case 31 , the body 21 , the second plunger 22 , the first plunger 26 , the core 27 , and the handle 32 .
- FIG. 1 shows a state of the control valve for a variable displacement compressor, in which the solenoid is not energized and the suction pressure Ps is high, i.e. a state in which the air conditioner is not operating. Since the suction pressure Ps is high, the diaphragm 29 is displaced downward as viewed in FIG. 1 against the load of the spring 28 to bring the first plunger 26 into contact with the core 27 . On the other hand, the second plunger 22 is urged upward as viewed in FIG. 1 , by the spring 24 such that it is moved away from the diaphragm 29 , and hence urges the valve element 16 toward its fully open position via the shaft 17 . Therefore, even when the rotating shaft of the variable displacement compressor is being driven for rotation by the engine in the above state, the variable displacement compressor is operated at the minimum displacement.
- the first plunger 26 has been pressed downward as viewed in FIG. 1 by the high suction pressure Ps to be brought into contact with the core 27 , so that even if the first plunger 26 is attracted by the core 27 , it remains in the same position. Therefore, in this case, the first plunger 26 and the core 27 behave as if they were a fixed core, so that the first plunger 26 attracts the second plunger 22 via the diaphragm 29 against the urging force of the spring 24 .
- the second plunger 22 is attracted to be brought into contact with the diaphragm 29 , whereby the second plunger 22 is moved downward, as viewed in FIG. 1 .
- This allows the spring 18 to push the valve element 16 downward, thereby causing the valve element 16 to be seated on the valve seat 15 , to fully close the valve section.
- This blocks off the passage extending from the discharge chamber to the crankcase, so that the variable displacement compressor is promptly shifted into the operation at the maximum displacement.
- the second plunger 22 is only in contact with the shaft 17 but not constrained thereby, so that even when the second plunger 22 is about to be moved in a tilted state depending on the condition of the spring 24 guiding the second plunger 22 , no couple of forces act on the shaft 17 and hence the axial slidability of the shaft 17 is not spoiled.
- the diaphragm 29 senses the suction pressure Ps and attempts to move upward, as viewed in FIG. 1 .
- the control current supplied to the coil 30 of the solenoid is decreased according to the set temperature of the air conditioner, the second plunger 22 and the first plunger 26 in the attracted state move in unison upward, as viewed in FIG. 1 to respective positions where the suction pressure Ps, the loads of the springs 18 , 24 , and 28 , and the attractive force of the solenoid are balanced.
- valve element 16 This causes the valve element 16 to be pushed upward by the second plunger 22 to move away from the valve seat 15 , thereby being set to a predetermined valve lift. Therefore, refrigerant at the discharge pressure Pd is introduced into the crankcase at a flow rate controlled to a value dependent on the valve lift, whereby the variable displacement compressor is shifted to an operation with the displacement corresponding to the control current.
- the diaphragm 29 senses the suction pressure Ps as an absolute pressure to thereby control the valve lift of the valve section.
- the first plunger 26 is displaced downward as viewed in FIG. 1 , so that the valve element 16 is also moved downward to decrease the valve lift of the valve section, causing the variable displacement compressor to operate in a direction of increasing the displacement.
- the control valve controls the displacement of the variable displacement compressor such that the suction pressure Ps becomes equal to a value set by the solenoid.
- the present invention is by no means limited to the preferred embodiment.
- the first plunger 26 is accommodated in the vacuum container and the suction pressure Ps is sensed in terms of absolute pressure
- this is not limitative, but the present invention is also applicable to a type of the variable displacement compressor in which a section accommodating the first plunger 26 is made open to the atmospheric pressure to thereby compare the suction pressure Ps and the atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure-sensing section is formed by a diaphragm in the above-described embodiment, it may be formed by a bellows.
- the control valve for a variable displacement compressor according to the present invention is configured such that a shaft for transmitting a change in suction pressure to a valve element does not have the function of guiding a second plunger, and hence even if the second plunger is tilted when the second plunger is axially moved by an attractive force generated by a solenoid, the tilting of the shaft is prevented from having influence on the shaft, which has the advantage of enhancing the controllability.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority of Japanese Application No. 2004-298794 filed on Oct. 13, 2004 and entitled “CONTROL VALVE FOR VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR”.
- (1) Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a control valve for a variable displacement compressor, and more particularly to a control valve for a variable displacement compressor which is suitable for controlling refrigerant displacement of a variable displacement compressor for an automotive air conditioner.
- (2) Description of the Related Art
- A compressor used in a refrigeration cycle of an automotive air conditioner is driven by an engine whose rotational speed varies depending on a traveling condition of the vehicle, and hence is incapable of performing rotational speed control. For this reason, in general, a variable displacement compressor capable of changing refrigerant displacement is employed so as to obtain an adequate refrigerating capacity without being constrained by the rotational speed of the engine.
- In the variable displacement compressor, in general, a wobble plate disposed within a crankcase formed gastight, such that the inclination angle thereof can be changed, is driven by the rotational motion of a rotating shaft, for performing wobbling motion, and pistons caused to perform reciprocating motion in a direction parallel to the rotating shaft by the wobbling motion of the wobble plate draw refrigerant from a suction chamber into associated cylinders, compress the refrigerant, and then discharge the same into a discharge chamber. In doing this, the inclination angle of the wobble plate can be varied by changing the pressure in the crankcase, whereby the stroke of the pistons is changed for changing the discharge amount of the refrigerant. The control valve for a variable displacement compressor controls the changing of the pressure in the crankcase.
- In general, the control valve for a variable displacement compressor, which variably controls the displacement of the compressor, operates to introduce part of refrigerant at discharge pressure Pd discharged from the discharge chamber into the crankcase formed gastight, such that pressure Pc in the crankcase is controlled through control of the amount of refrigerant thus introduced. The control of the amount of introduced refrigerant is carried out e.g. by a known method of controlling the amount of introduced refrigerant according to suction pressure Ps in the suction chamber. That is, the control valve for a variable displacement compressor senses the suction pressure Ps, and controls the flow rate of refrigerant at the discharge pressure Pd introduced from the discharge chamber into the crankcase, so as to hold the suction pressure Ps at a constant level.
- To this end, the control valve for a variable displacement compressor is equipped with a pressure-sensing section for sensing the suction pressure Ps, and a valve section for causing a passage leading from the suction chamber to the crankcase to open and close according to the suction pressure Ps sensed by the pressure-sensing section. Further, a type of the control valve for a variable displacement compressor which is capable of freely externally setting a value of suction pressure Ps to be assumed at the start of the variable displacement operation, is equipped with a solenoid that enables configuration of settings of the pressure-sensing section by external electric current.
- By the way, conventional control valves for a variable displacement compressor which can be externally controlled include a type for control of a so-called clutchless variable displacement compressor configured such that an engine is directly connected to a rotating shaft without providing an electromagnetic clutch between the engine and the rotating shaft on which a wobble plate is fitted, for execution and inhibition of transmission of a driving force to the engine (see e.g. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2000-110731 (Paragraph numbers [0010] and [0044], and FIG. 1)).
- This control valve comprises a valve section causing a passage communicating between a discharge chamber and a crankcase to be opened and closed, a solenoid for generating an electromagnetic force causing the valve section to operate in the closing direction, and a pressure-sensing section for causing the valve section to operate in the opening direction as suction pressure Ps becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure, which are arranged in this order. Therefore, when the solenoid is not energized, the valve section is in a fully open state, whereby pressure Pc in the crankcase can be held at pressure close to discharge pressure Pd. This causes the wobble plate to become substantially at right angles to the rotating shaft, enabling the variable displacement compressor to operate at the minimum displacement. Thus, the refrigerant displacement can be substantially reduced to approximately zero even when the engine is directly connected to the rotating shaft, which makes it possible to eliminate the electromagnetic clutch.
- However, the conventional control valve for controlling a variable displacement compressor having no use for the electromagnetic clutch is configured such that the pressure-sensing section and the valve section are arranged with the solenoid interposed therebetween, and the suction pressure Ps is introduced to the pressure-sensing section which compares the suction pressure Ps and the atmospheric pressure, via the solenoid. This necessitates the solenoid in its entirety to be accommodated within a pressure chamber, and hence components of the solenoid need to be designed with considerations given to resistance to pressure.
- To eliminate this inconvenience, the present applicant has proposed a control valve for a variable displacement compressor configured such that the plunger of a solenoid is divided into a first plunger and a second plunger, and a pressure-sensing member, such as a diaphragm or a bellows, is interposed therebetween for sensing suction pressure Ps, whereby the suction pressure Ps is isolated from the atmospheric pressure in which the solenoid is disposed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-289581).
- Further, the present applicant has proposed a control valve for a variable displacement compressor that accommodates one of the divided plungers in a vacuum container, and sealing an opening of the vacuum container with a diaphragm, whereby the diaphragm isolates suction pressure Ps from the atmospheric pressure in which the coil of a solenoid is disposed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-125532). Hereafter, a description will be given of details of the construction of the control valve.
-
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the construction of the conventional control valve for a variable displacement compressor. - The control valve includes a valve section, as shown in an upper part of
FIG. 2 , which receives discharge pressure Pd from a discharge chamber of the compressor to supply controlled pressure Pc to the crankcase. The valve section comprises avalve seat 101, avalve element 102 disposed on a downstream side in opposed relation thereto, and aspring 103 urging thevalve element 102 in a valve closing direction. Thevalve element 102 is formed integrally with ashaft 104 that is formed to have an outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of a valve hole, and is held in a body in a manner axially movable back and forth. - A solenoid is disposed, as shown in a lower part of
FIG. 2 . The solenoid comprises acore 106 and afirst plunger 107 that are disposed within a bottomedsleeve 105, and asecond plunger 108 and acoil 109 that are disposed outside the bottomedsleeve 105, with adiaphragm 110 provided between thefirst plunger 107 and thesecond plunger 108, such that thediaphragm 110 seals the open end of thebottomed sleeve 105. Within thebottomed sleeve 105, thefirst plunger 107 is fixed to ashaft 111 that is disposed to extend through the center of thecore 106, and theshaft 111 is urged by aspring 112 in a direction of causing thefirst plunger 107 to be moved away from thecore 106, whereby thefirst plunger 107 is brought into contact with an inner surface of thediaphragm 110. - Suction pressure Ps in the suction chamber of the variable displacement compressor is introduced into a space within which the
second plunger 108 is disposed, and thediaphragm 110 senses the suction pressure Ps. Thesecond plunger 108 is fixed to an end of theshaft 104 opposite to an end thereof where thevalve element 102 is provided, and further is urged by aspring 113 larger in load than thespring 103 of the valve section, in a direction of moving away from thediaphragm 110. This urges theshaft 104 upward as viewed inFIG. 2 , and when the control valve is not in operation, the valve section is held in a fully-open state as shown inFIG. 2 . Therefore, in this state, even if the rotating shaft of the compressor is driven by the engine for rotation, the compressor is operated at the minimum displacement. - Now, if control current is supplied to the
coil 109 of the solenoid, thefirst plunger 107 and thesecond plunger 108 are magnetically coupled to each other with the diaphragm interposed therebetween so as to behave as one plunger. At this time, the axial positions of thefirst plunger 107 and thesecond plunger 108 determine a valve lift of the valve section, and the valve lift is set according to the control current supplied to thecoil 109. On the other hand, thediaphragm 110 receives the suction pressure PS, and hence is axially displaced according to the suction pressure Ps. The displacement of the diaphragm is transmitted to thevalve element 102 via thesecond plunger 108 and theshaft 104. - Therefore, the control valve for a variable displacement compressor introduces refrigerant at pressure Pc into the crankcase by controlling the flow of refrigerant at discharge pressure Pd to a flow rate dependent on the control current supplied to the
coil 109. This causes the compressor to operate at displacement dependent on the control current. In this state, if the suction pressure Ps rises, thediaphragm 110 is displaced downward as viewed inFIG. 2 , while if the suction pressure Ps drops, thediaphragm 110 is displaced upward as viewed inFIG. 2 . According to the displacement of thediaphragm 110, the valve lift of the valve section is varied to thereby adjust the pressure Pc in the crankcase, and hence after all, the compressor has its displacement controlled such that suction pressure Ps becomes equal to a value set by the solenoid. - However, in the control valve described above, the shaft formed integrally with the valve element also has the function of guiding the second plunger. Therefore, when the second plunger is axially moved by an attractive force produced on the second plunger by the solenoid, the second plunger is tilted depending on the state of the spring axially urging the second plunger, so that a couple of forces act on the shaft held in the body, to markedly spoil the axial slidability of the shaft, so that the valve element becomes incapable of moving smoothly.
- The present invention has been made in view of this problem, and an object thereof is to provide a control valve for a variable displacement compressor which is improved in slidability of a shaft that transmits a change in suction pressure to a valve element and is enhanced in controllability.
- To solve the above problem, the present invention provides a control valve for a variable displacement compressor in which a plunger of a solenoid is divided into a first plunger and a second plunger, and a pressure-sensing member is disposed between the first plunger and the second plunger, for sensing suction pressure, the second plunger transmitting a change in the suction pressure sensed by the pressure-sensing member to a valve element via a shaft, wherein the second plunger is held by a spring that urges the second plunger in a direction away from the pressure-sensing member, and is caused to be in contact with the shaft.
- The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example.
-
FIG. 1 is a central longitudinal cross-sectional view of the construction of a control valve for a variable displacement compressor of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing of the construction of a conventional control valve for a variable displacement compressor. - Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a central longitudinal cross-sectional view of the construction of a control valve for a variable displacement compressor, according to the present invention. - This control valve has a valve section provided as shown in an upper part of
FIG. 1 . The valve section includes abody 11 formed with a side opening which communicates with a discharge chamber of the variable displacement compressor to form aport 12 for receiving discharge pressure Pd from the discharge chamber. Theport 12 has astrainer 13 fixed to the periphery thereof. Theport 12 for receiving the discharge pressure Pd communicates with aport 14 opening in the top of thebody 11, via a refrigerant passage formed through the inside of thebody 11. Theport 14 communicates with the crankcase of the variable displacement compressor so as to deliver controlled pressure Pc to the crankcase. - In the refrigerant passage via which the
port 12 and theport 14 are communicated through thebody 11, avalve seat 15 is formed integrally with thebody 11. In opposed relation to a side of thevalve seat 15, from which the pressure Pc is delivered, avalve element 16 is axially disposed in a manner movable to and away from thevalve seat 15. Thevalve element 16 is formed integrally with ashaft 17 which extends downward as viewed in the figure through a valve hole such that it is axially movably held by thebody 11. The discharge pressure Pd from the discharge chamber is introduced into a small-diameter portion which connects between thevalve element 16 and theshaft 17. The outer diameter of theshaft 17 is set to be equal to the inner diameter of the valve hole forming thevalve seat 15 such that the pressure-receiving area of thevalve element 16 is equal to that of theshaft 17. This causes a force of the discharge pressure Pd which acts on thevalve element 16 in the upward direction as viewed inFIG. 1 to be cancelled out by a force acting on theshaft 17 in the downward direction as viewed inFIG. 1 , so as to prevent the control of the valve section from being adversely affected by the discharge pressure Pd which is high in pressure level. - The
valve element 16 is urged by aspring 18 in the valve closing direction, and load of thespring 18 is adjusted by anadjustment screw 19 screwed into theport 14. - Further, a
port 20 communicating with a suction chamber of the variable displacement compressor to receive suction pressure Ps is formed in a lower portion of thebody 11 as viewed inFIG. 1 . - The lower end of the
body 11 is rigidly press-fitted in abody 21 of a magnetic material forming a part of the solenoid. Arranged within thebody 21 is asecond plunger 22 as one of divided plungers of the solenoid. Thesecond plunger 22 has a hole formed in the center of an upper end face thereof as viewed inFIG. 1 such that the hole has an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of theshaft 17. Theshaft 17 which is held by thebody 11 without almost any clearance in a manner axially movable back and forth has a lower end face thereof brought into contact with the bottom of the hole. The lower end face of theshaft 17 is formed to be arcuate in cross-section, which prevents a couple of forces from being generated on theshaft 17 by vertical motions of thesecond plunger 22 even when theshaft 17 is not in contact with the bottom of the hole precisely at right angles. Thesecond plunger 22 is also formed to have a T shape in cross-section, and a lower surface of aflange 23 thereof as viewed inFIG. 1 is opposed to an upper surface of thebody 21 as viewed inFIG. 1 . This causes an axial attractive force to be generated between the opposed surfaces of theflange 23 and thebody 21 to thereby assisting the valve section in promptly moving in the valve closing direction. Further, thesecond plunger 22 is urged by aspring 24 disposed between the same and a stepped portion formed inside thebody 21, upward as viewed inFIG. 1 . Thespring 24 has a larger load than that of thespring 18 urging thevalve element 16 in the valve closing direction. Therefore, when the solenoid is not energized, thesecond plunger 22 can push theshaft 17 upward until theshaft 17 is brought into contact with the ceiling of a chamber communicating with theport 20, and hold thevalve element 16 in its fully open position. Thespring 24 also holds a part of thesecond plunger 22 lower than theflange 23 thereof, whereby thespring 24 has the function of guiding thesecond plunger 22. - Below the
second plunger 22 as viewed inFIG. 1 , there are arranged the pressure-sensing section and the remaining component parts of the solenoid. More specifically, below thesecond plunger 22 as viewed inFIG. 1 , there is disposed an assembly that is formed by accommodating afirst plunger 26 as the other of divided plungers of the solenoid, acore 27, and aspring 28, in the bottomedsleeve 25 forming the vacuum container, and sealing the opening of the bottomedsleeve 25 with ametal diaphragm 29, and outside the bottomedsleeve 25, there are arranged acoil 30, and acase 31 formed integrally with thebody 21 and ahandle 32 which constitute a yoke for forming a magnetic circuit. - In the bottomed
sleeve 25, thecore 27 is rigidly press-fitted and thefirst plunger 26 is disposed on a side of the core 27 toward the valve section in a manner axially movable back and forth. Thefirst plunger 26 is rigidly press-fitted on one end of ashaft 33 axially extending in the center of the core 27, and the other end of theshaft 33 is supported by a bearing 34 slidably disposed in thecore 27. Astop ring 35 is fitted on an intermediate portion of theshaft 33, and a spring-receivingmember 36 is provided such that the upward movement thereof as viewed inFIG. 1 is restricted by thestop ring 35. Thespring 28 is interposed between the spring-receivingmember 36 and thebearing 34. Thefirst plunger 26 is urged by thespring 28 via theshaft 33 in a direction away from thecore 27. It should be noted that the bottom of the bottomedsleeve 25 is pushed to be deformed inward, whereby the axial position of thebearing 34 is changed to adjust the load of thespring 28. Thus, the set point of the control valve is adjusted. - The bottomed
sleeve 25 accommodating thefirst plunger 26 and the core 27 as described above is sealed by welding thediaphragm 29 to a flange portion formed on the open end of the bottomedsleeve 25, whereby the gastight assembly is formed such that the inside thereof is maintained under vacuum. - In the construction described above, the
body 21, thecase 31, and thehandle 32 are formed of magnetic substances to serve as the yoke of the magnetic circuit of the solenoid. Magnetic lines of force generated by thecoil 30 pass through the magnetic circuit formed by thecase 31, thebody 21, thesecond plunger 22, thefirst plunger 26, thecore 27, and thehandle 32. -
FIG. 1 shows a state of the control valve for a variable displacement compressor, in which the solenoid is not energized and the suction pressure Ps is high, i.e. a state in which the air conditioner is not operating. Since the suction pressure Ps is high, thediaphragm 29 is displaced downward as viewed inFIG. 1 against the load of thespring 28 to bring thefirst plunger 26 into contact with thecore 27. On the other hand, thesecond plunger 22 is urged upward as viewed inFIG. 1 , by thespring 24 such that it is moved away from thediaphragm 29, and hence urges thevalve element 16 toward its fully open position via theshaft 17. Therefore, even when the rotating shaft of the variable displacement compressor is being driven for rotation by the engine in the above state, the variable displacement compressor is operated at the minimum displacement. - Now, when the maximum control current is supplied to the
coil 30 of the solenoid, as in the case of the start of the automotive air conditioner, thefirst plunger 26 has been pressed downward as viewed inFIG. 1 by the high suction pressure Ps to be brought into contact with thecore 27, so that even if thefirst plunger 26 is attracted by thecore 27, it remains in the same position. Therefore, in this case, thefirst plunger 26 and the core 27 behave as if they were a fixed core, so that thefirst plunger 26 attracts thesecond plunger 22 via thediaphragm 29 against the urging force of thespring 24. Thesecond plunger 22 is attracted to be brought into contact with thediaphragm 29, whereby thesecond plunger 22 is moved downward, as viewed inFIG. 1 . This allows thespring 18 to push thevalve element 16 downward, thereby causing thevalve element 16 to be seated on thevalve seat 15, to fully close the valve section. This blocks off the passage extending from the discharge chamber to the crankcase, so that the variable displacement compressor is promptly shifted into the operation at the maximum displacement. At this time, thesecond plunger 22 is only in contact with theshaft 17 but not constrained thereby, so that even when thesecond plunger 22 is about to be moved in a tilted state depending on the condition of thespring 24 guiding thesecond plunger 22, no couple of forces act on theshaft 17 and hence the axial slidability of theshaft 17 is not spoiled. - When the variable displacement compressor continues to operate at the maximum displacement to make the suction pressure Ps of the suction chamber low enough, the
diaphragm 29 senses the suction pressure Ps and attempts to move upward, as viewed inFIG. 1 . At this time, if the control current supplied to thecoil 30 of the solenoid is decreased according to the set temperature of the air conditioner, thesecond plunger 22 and thefirst plunger 26 in the attracted state move in unison upward, as viewed inFIG. 1 to respective positions where the suction pressure Ps, the loads of thesprings valve element 16 to be pushed upward by thesecond plunger 22 to move away from thevalve seat 15, thereby being set to a predetermined valve lift. Therefore, refrigerant at the discharge pressure Pd is introduced into the crankcase at a flow rate controlled to a value dependent on the valve lift, whereby the variable displacement compressor is shifted to an operation with the displacement corresponding to the control current. - Then, when the control current supplied to the
coil 30 of the solenoid is constant, thediaphragm 29 senses the suction pressure Ps as an absolute pressure to thereby control the valve lift of the valve section. For example, when the refrigeration load increases to make the suction pressure Ps high, thefirst plunger 26 is displaced downward as viewed inFIG. 1 , so that thevalve element 16 is also moved downward to decrease the valve lift of the valve section, causing the variable displacement compressor to operate in a direction of increasing the displacement. On the other hand, when the refrigeration load decreases to make the suction pressure Ps low, thefirst plunger 26 is displaced upward as viewed inFIG. 1 to increase the valve lift of the valve section, causing the variable displacement compressor to operate in a direction of decreasing the displacement. Thus, the control valve controls the displacement of the variable displacement compressor such that the suction pressure Ps becomes equal to a value set by the solenoid. - The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described heretofore, but the present invention is by no means limited to the preferred embodiment. For example, although in the above-described embodiment, the
first plunger 26 is accommodated in the vacuum container and the suction pressure Ps is sensed in terms of absolute pressure, this is not limitative, but the present invention is also applicable to a type of the variable displacement compressor in which a section accommodating thefirst plunger 26 is made open to the atmospheric pressure to thereby compare the suction pressure Ps and the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, although the pressure-sensing section is formed by a diaphragm in the above-described embodiment, it may be formed by a bellows. - The control valve for a variable displacement compressor according to the present invention is configured such that a shaft for transmitting a change in suction pressure to a valve element does not have the function of guiding a second plunger, and hence even if the second plunger is tilted when the second plunger is axially moved by an attractive force generated by a solenoid, the tilting of the shaft is prevented from having influence on the shaft, which has the advantage of enhancing the controllability.
- The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the present invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and applications shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be regarded as falling within the scope of the invention in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-298794 | 2004-10-13 | ||
JP2004298794A JP2006112271A (en) | 2004-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | Control valve for variable displacement compressor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060083625A1 true US20060083625A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
Family
ID=35311735
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/247,257 Abandoned US20060083625A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 | 2005-10-12 | Control valve for variable displacement compressor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060083625A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1647710A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006112271A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20060052192A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1760544A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040191077A1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-09-30 | Yoshihiro Ochiai | Control valve device for variable capacity type swash plate compressor |
DE102018220709A1 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-06 | Hanon Systems | Precise control of an intake damping device in a variable displacement compressor |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4695032B2 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2011-06-08 | サンデン株式会社 | Volume control valve for variable capacity compressor |
JP2011252401A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-15 | Shinhan Electro-Mechanics Co Ltd | Capacity control valve of variable displacement compressor and method of assembling the capacity control valve |
KR101249253B1 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2013-04-02 | 주식회사 유텍솔루션 | Electrical control valve for variable capacity compressor |
KR20200133485A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-30 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Hvac system for vehicle, electronic control valve for the hvac system and controlling method for the hvac system |
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- 2005-10-12 US US11/247,257 patent/US20060083625A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-12 KR KR1020050095774A patent/KR20060052192A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-10-13 EP EP05022396A patent/EP1647710A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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DE102018220709A1 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-06 | Hanon Systems | Precise control of an intake damping device in a variable displacement compressor |
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DE102018220709B4 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2021-06-02 | Hanon Systems | Precise control of an intake damper in a variable displacement compressor |
US11319939B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2022-05-03 | Hanon Systems | Precise control of suction damping device in a variable displacement compressor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1760544A (en) | 2006-04-19 |
JP2006112271A (en) | 2006-04-27 |
KR20060052192A (en) | 2006-05-19 |
EP1647710A1 (en) | 2006-04-19 |
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