US20050242008A1 - Material classifier - Google Patents
Material classifier Download PDFInfo
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- US20050242008A1 US20050242008A1 US10/834,221 US83422104A US2005242008A1 US 20050242008 A1 US20050242008 A1 US 20050242008A1 US 83422104 A US83422104 A US 83422104A US 2005242008 A1 US2005242008 A1 US 2005242008A1
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- diffuser
- cyclone
- material classifier
- particles
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
- B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/12—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits
- B04C5/13—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits formed as a vortex finder and extending into the vortex chamber; Discharge from vortex finder otherwise than at the top of the cyclone; Devices for controlling the overflow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/14—Construction of the underflow ducting; Apex constructions; Discharge arrangements ; discharge through sidewall provided with a few slits or perforations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/14—Construction of the underflow ducting; Apex constructions; Discharge arrangements ; discharge through sidewall provided with a few slits or perforations
- B04C5/18—Construction of the underflow ducting; Apex constructions; Discharge arrangements ; discharge through sidewall provided with a few slits or perforations with auxiliary fluid assisting discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
- B04C2009/002—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with external filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
- B04C2009/005—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with external rotors, e.g. impeller, ventilator, fan, blower, pump
Definitions
- the present invention relates to material classification systems and in particular relates to material classifier using a cyclone.
- the art teaches plates disposed within the inner walls, whose purpose is to prevent or reduce rotation of the flow which takes place with the major direction upwards within the “inner wall” of the cyclone.
- An air inlet is located below the separator chamber.
- a downwardly angled portion of the inlet conduit introduces air and is controlled by a regulator valve.
- the art taught in this patent is directed towards removal of dust which is adhered to larger granular particles.
- the apparatus intends to dislodge the dust from the larger granular materials by impinging the larger granular materials upon the deflector devices within a separation chamber. This unit is limited to the collection and removal of extremely fine dust particles from granular materials.
- the present invention a material classifier includes:
- said diffuser air is admitted into said cyclone in such a manner as to enhance and reinforce the formation of a strong interior vortex.
- said air inlet means including numerous air inlet apertures spaced around said cylinder outer periphery for admitting diffuser air
- said air inlet means including numerous air slots spaced around said cylinder outer periphery for admitting diffuser air.
- said air slots extending along a longitudinal axis, and said slots oriented at an angle theta measured between said longitudinal axis and vertical such that when diffuser air is admitted through said angled slots said air flow supporting development of an interior cyclone in said cyclone.
- said angle theta between 10 and 80 degrees.
- slots are so oriented so as to enhance and reinforce a formation of a strong interior vortex.
- said air inlet means further including a control means for adjustably controlling the amount of diffuser air being admitted through said air inlet means and into said air diffuser.
- control means including an annular adjustable band extending and clamping around the cylinder outer periphery for selectively covering off all or some of the slot area.
- control means including a barometric damper for adjusting the amount of diffuser air depending upon the material through put of the cyclone.
- central cylindrical portion being larger in diameter than a cyclone outlet diameter
- said central cylindrical portion having a diameter at least 1.2 times that of the cyclone outlet diameter.
- said cyclone being a mid efficiency cyclone having a air inlet velocity of no more than 3000 feet per minute.
- said cyclone dimensioned and adapted to promote formation of an exterior downwardly spiralling vortex and an up draft interior upwardly spiralling vortex.
- said cyclone further including a stand pipe dimensioned to aid and enhance the development of a strong updraft interior vortex.
- said air diffuser including an upper tapered portion for the transition between the diffuser inlet and the central cylindrical portion.
- central cylindrical portion being a hollow body and a vertical length greater than the diameter of the cyclone outlet.
- the entrained particles being selected from the list including granulate, pellets, fibres, flakes, beans, plastic, metal, and paper.
- FIG. 1 is an upright schematic perspective view of the present invention a material classifier.
- FIG. 2 is an upright schematic partial cut-away perspective view of the present invention a material classifier.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a regrind system including the present invention a material classifier.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective partial cut away view of a regrind system showing the present invention the material classifier.
- FIG. 5 is an upright schematic perspective view of the air diffuser portion part of the material classifier.
- FIG. 6 is a side plan elevational view of an alternate embodiment of the body portion of a material classifier shown in FIGS. 6, 8 and 9 .
- FIG. 7 is a upright schematic perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a material classifier showing various inlet heights.
- FIG. 8 is an upright schematic perspective view of the alternate embodiment of the material classifier shown in FIG. 7 , showing by way of example two different inlet angles, alpha and two different bottom outlet diameters.
- FIG. 9 is an upright schematic transparent view of an alternate embodiment of the material classifier with a conical top showing the interior vortex and the exterior vortex.
- the present invention a material classifier shown generally as 20 is shown in FIG. 4 deployed together with other equipment making up a regrind system shown generally as 22 .
- Regrind system 22 takes plastic components and/or plastic parts or rejected plastic parts and feeds them through a grinder shown generally as 501 which produces granular material containing both coarser particles, finer particles and of coarse also some dust. All of this granular material is conveyed to material classifier 20 , wherein the coarse granular particles 106 are separated from the finer granular particles 107 as well as dust which may be entrained, such that coarse particles 106 are discharged from air lock housing 401 and finer granular materials as well as dust together with air is discharged from blower discharge 250 to bag house 502 .
- the present invention material classifier shown generally as 20 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and includes the following major components namely cyclone 100 , blower 200 , air diffuser 300 and air lock 400 .
- Cyclone 100 includes cyclone housing 101 , tangential cyclone inlet 102 , cyclone outlet 103 , internal stand pipe 104 and blower air 105 shown generally as dark arrows. Note that blower air 105 shown as dark arrows will have entrained therein depending upon the location within the process, coarse particles 106 , fine particles 107 , diffuser air 304 as well as dust.
- diffuser air flow is generally shown as light or white arrows 108 and diffuser air flow 108 will have entrained in it, depending upon the location within the device, fine particles 107 as well as dust.
- Cyclone 100 is the type known in the art and normally utilized for separating air from particles entrained or fluidized in the air.
- Blower 200 includes the following major components, blower housing 201 having mounted therein a fan 202 driven by a motor 203 , having a blower discharge 250 , wherein blower 200 draws in blower air 105 through cyclone inlet 102 and further through stand pipe 104 and out through blower discharge 250 .
- Air diffuser 300 includes a substantially hollow cylindrically shaped diffuser housing 301 , diffuser inlet 302 , diffuser outlet 303 , diffuser air 304 , shown generally as light or white arrows 108 .
- Diffuser air 108 is introduced into air diffuser 300 via air slots 305 which can be opened and closed with adjustable band 302 having an adjusting bolt 310 , such that adjustable band 306 can be moved along vertical direction 330 .
- FIG. 5 shows adjustable band 306 in the fully opened position 320 in solid lines and the partially closed position 322 in dashed lines.
- Diffuser housing 301 includes an upper tapered portion 312 , a central cylindrical portion 314 , a lower tapered portion 314 , wherein diffuser inlet 302 has a inlet diameter 340 which is the same as the cyclone outlet diameter and wherein central cylindrical portion 314 has a cylindrical diameter 342 .
- Material classifier 20 further includes some type of air lock 400 shown in these diagrams buy way of example only as a rotary air lock 400 , including an air lock housing 401 , an air lock inlet 402 , a discharge 402 and a rotor 404 .
- air lock 400 can be any of the types known in the art, not necessarily a rotary air lock as depicted here as long as the air lock 400 is able to separate solid materials from air.
- the regrind system shown generally as 22 in FIGS. 3 and 4 includes a grinder 501 having a grinder housing 503 , and a raw material inlet 502 further including piping 511 for transportation of granular material to the material classifier 20 .
- a grinder 501 having a grinder housing 503
- a raw material inlet 502 further including piping 511 for transportation of granular material to the material classifier 20 .
- Anti-static system 110 will neutralize both coarse and fine particles as well as dust particles, even though this is not depicted in the drawings.
- Material classifier 20 separates coarse particles which exit through the bottom of discharge 403 of air lock 400 , wherein fine particles 107 exit at blower discharge 250 via piping 511 to a bag house 502 which includes a plenum 505 , air filters 506 and fine containers 507 .
- Granular material is received into cyclone 100 through cyclone inlet 102 which is positioned in such a manner to set up cyclonic motion within cyclone housing 101 as depicted schematically with the dark black arrows which are denoted as blower air 105 .
- Blower 200 having fan 202 driven by fan motor 203 , creates a vacuum or suction on cyclone inlet end 102 and draws granular material in through cyclone inlet 102 .
- Granular material normally includes coarse particles 106 , fine particles 107 , and dust particles not shown as well as blower air 105 all mixed together at cyclone inlet 102 .
- Cyclone inlet 102 is normally positioned above a vertical stand pipe 104 centrally and coaxially mounted within cyclone housing 101 .
- This cyclone geometry well known in the art creates a circular flow around the exterior portion of cyclone housing 101 as depicted by the dark arrows of blower air 105 and the heavier coarse particles 106 through centrifugal force are swept to the exterior periphery of cyclone housing 101 and make their way downwardly in vertical direction 191 towards cyclone outlet 103 .
- Blower air 105 drawn into fan 202 of blower 200 enters stand pipe 104 and up and through fan 202 and out blower discharge 250 .
- Prior art International Application WO 03/033158 A1 adds an additional separator chamber 18 below cyclone 100 which has mounted therein a deflector device 19 , wherein coarser particles impinge upon the deflector device, such that additional dust is dislodged from coarser particles and by additionally allowing air to enter below a separator chamber, this dust is then carried out with the air discharge rather than through the air lock.
- Diffuser air 304 entering through air slots 305 defined around the entire cylinder out periphery 350 fluidizes or entrains, fine particles by supporting and enlarging the up draft interior vortex 702 and effectively strengthens the upward force of interior vortex 702 and diffuser air 304 rising upwardly into stand pipe 104 creates a strong upward draft such that by controlling the amount of diffuser air 304 , one controls the strength and velocity of air within interior vortex 702 and in this manner, one can control the size of particles which are fluidized by interior vortex 702 and which eventually make their way through blower 200 and out through blower discharge 250 .
- the present invention utilizes the existing upwards flow within cyclone by controllably strengthening and enhancing the up draft flow within the interior vortex 702 in order to selectively fluidize particles of pre determined size.
- Adjustable band 306 having an adjustment bolt 310 is strapped around central cylindrical portion 314 of air diffuser 300 and can be adjusted by loosening off bolt 310 to a fully opened position as shown in 320 in FIG. 5 or a partially closed position 322 as shown as dashed lines in FIG. 5 or in fact it can fully close off air slots 305 by placing adjustable band 306 entirely covering air slots 305 .
- central cylindrical portion 314 have a cylinder diameter 342 larger than inlet diameter 340 which is basically the same diameter as cyclone outlet 103 . It has been found that in order to enhance and aid the interior vortex 702 development, one needs to introduce diffuser air 304 at a cylinder diameter 342 which is larger than the cyclone outlet diameter 103 . In addition, it has been found very important that air be introduced around the entire periphery of cylinder outlet 350 , rather than at just a single point, once again in order to aid the development and strength of interior vortex 702 which is rotating counter clock wise and rising upwardly within cyclone housing 101 .
- the interior vortex 702 becomes stronger and more fully developed and will fluidize and carry upwardly larger and larger granules of particles up through stand pipe 104 and out through blower discharge 250 , such that one can select the size of particles into at least two distinct sizes, namely coarser particles 106 and fine particles 107 , in addition to dust removal.
- cyclone 100 in any event removes dust particles not shown in the attached diagrams and the prior art in International Application WO 03/033158 A1 has indicated a method or a means of adding or enhancing dust removal through a conventional cyclone 100 .
- material classifier 20 has the capability of selectively removing heavier particles and in fact can classify incoming particles into at least two classifications namely coarse particles 106 which are discharged from discharge 402 of air lock 400 and fine particles 107 which are discharged from blower discharge 250 .
- the fine particle size can be controllably selected by adjusting the amount of diffuser air 304 .
- Material classifier 20 appears to be most effective when using a mid-efficiency cyclone 100 rather than a high efficiency cyclone.
- a mid efficiency cyclone generally has an air velocity of less than 3000 feet/min.
- High efficiency cyclones tend to be smaller in diameter and longer in length and have a strong exterior vortex 701 and it is the inventors theory that the interior vortex 702 tends to be extremely weak and therefore it is difficult to support and/or enhance the interior vortex 702 development with the addition of diffuser air 304 through air slots 305 .
- Material classifier 20 is shown in a typical installation of a regrind system 22 as depicted schematically in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- a plastic regrind system takes existing plastic components or scrap from injection moulding machines or blow moulding machines and regrinds this plastic for later reuse.
- the plastic is introduced into grinder 501 through raw material inlet 502 and via piping 511 is conveyed in an air fluidized manner to material classifier 20 , wherein both coarse particles 106 and fine particles 107 enter material classifier 20 along with dust of coarse, and wherein through the cyclonic action of cyclone 100 , the larger particles fall quickly to the cyclone outlet 103 and out through air diffuser 300 and into air lock 400 , where they are dropped into material container 504 .
- the lighter, smaller granular particles as well as dust is carried upwardly with interior vortex 702 , up through blower 200 and out through blower discharge 250 . Therefore, larger particles of a certain size are discharged through air lock 400 and smaller particles of a certain size are discharged through blower discharge 250 .
- a bag house 502 is employed, wherein the air and particles discharged from blower discharge 250 pass through plenum 505 and drop down through air filters 506 wherein air is discharged and fine granular material is collected in fines containers 507 .
- material classifier 20 including plastic materials, grains, sands, coffee, wood chips, rubber granular materials, fibre granular materials, plastics from metal, jute from wire, filaments and many other granular type materials too numerous to list here.
- FIGS. 6, 7 , 8 and 9 An alternate embodiment of the material classifier is shown in FIGS. 6, 7 , 8 and 9 and is shown generally as material classifier 700 which operates in an analogous fashion as material classifier 20 with the following modifications and improvements to the cyclone.
- Material classifier 700 includes a conical top 720 having a top diameter 712 , a cylindrical section 714 and a conical bottom section 710 . It further includes cyclone inlet 102 which can positioned at different inlet height 704 and/or different inlet angles alpha 706 .
- conical bottom 710 may have a differing bottom outlet diameter 708 as shown particularly in FIG. 8 in dashed lines being the larger bottom outlet diameter 708 and the solid lines being the smaller bottom outlet diameter 708 .
- FIG. 9 shows schematically the development of the interior vortex 702 which is rising upwardly and development of the exterior or vortex 701 which is moving downwardly.
- material classifier 700 will now be explained in regard to optimizing the development and strength of interior vortex 702 which carries out fines through blower discharge 250 .
- the inventor has also found that by having a smaller bottom outlet diameter 708 as shown in FIG. 8 , one can also increase the updraft or the strength of interior vortex 702 within material classifier 700 .
- inlet height 704 By optimizing inlet height 704 , inlet angle alpha 706 , bottom outlet diameter 708 as well as by the addition of a conical top section 720 , one can customize material classifier 700 to separate the coarse particles 106 from fine particles 107 .
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Abstract
The present invention a material classifier includes a cyclone including a cyclone inlet, a cyclone outlet, a blower and a blower discharge; an air diffuser connected at a diffuser inlet to the cyclone outlet and at a diffuser outlet to an air lock such that the cyclone and air diffuser are in fluid communication; wherein the diffuser including a central cylindrical portion including an air inlet for admitting controlled amounts of diffuser air around substantially the entire cylinder outer periphery of the central cylindrical portion, wherein the material classifier separating fine particles from coarse particles and discharging the fine particles together with air out the blower discharge, and discharging the coarse particles through the air lock, such that increasing the amount of diffuser air increases the size of the fine particles being separated from the coarse particles. Preferably wherein the diffuser air is admitted into the cyclone in such a manner as to enhance and reinforce the formation of a strong interior vortex.
Description
- The present invention relates to material classification systems and in particular relates to material classifier using a cyclone.
- In order to transport granular materials they are often entrained in air or some gas. By fluidizing granular material in air, one is capable of transporting the granular materials through pipes, long distances to desired locations. Once the material has reached its desired location, the material being transported must be separated from the air which is usually accomplished with a cyclone. Therefore in most material conveying systems using air fluidization or entraining granular particles within air, the final air material separation is often accomplished with a cyclone.
- Furthermore, there is often the requirement that the granular materials being transported, further needs to be classified into different sizes. The most fundamental classification that usually is required is separation of coarser material from finer material for subsequent operations. There are a number of existing devices which independently of the cyclone have the capability of classifying materials into different sizes. It would be desirable, however to use the cyclone in addition to its air separating ability to also be able to classify the materials into different sizes. This would eliminate an intermediate step and the equipment associated with classifying granular materials into various sizes.
- There have been attempts at accomplishing this within the cyclone, in for example prior art in International Application WO 03/033158 A1, titled Dust Separator, filed by Rapid Granulator AB on Oct. 19, 2001, wherein they describe a cyclone which is used for the separation of dust from granular material, using a separator chamber mounted on the lower side of a cyclone. Particles dropping out of the bottom of the cyclone pass into a separator chamber and impinge upon a deflector device, wherein via this impact any dust upon the particles settling out of the bottom of the cyclone is dislodged and carried upward through a “inner wall” of the cyclone. Further, the art teaches plates disposed within the inner walls, whose purpose is to prevent or reduce rotation of the flow which takes place with the major direction upwards within the “inner wall” of the cyclone. An air inlet is located below the separator chamber. A downwardly angled portion of the inlet conduit, introduces air and is controlled by a regulator valve. The art taught in this patent is directed towards removal of dust which is adhered to larger granular particles. The apparatus intends to dislodge the dust from the larger granular materials by impinging the larger granular materials upon the deflector devices within a separation chamber. This unit is limited to the collection and removal of extremely fine dust particles from granular materials.
- There is however, a need to be able to use a cyclone as a material classifier to be able to classify granular materials into coarse and fine in addition to having the capability of dust removal as indicated in the prior art PCT Application WO 03/033158 A1.
- The present invention a material classifier includes:
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- a) a cyclone including a cyclone inlet, a cyclone outlet, a blower and a blower discharge;
- b) an air diffuser connected at a diffuser inlet to said cyclone outlet and at a diffuser outlet to an air lock such that said cyclone and air diffuser are in fluid communication;
- c) wherein said diffuser including a central cylindrical portion including an air inlet means for admitting controlled amounts of diffuser air around substantially the entire cylinder outer periphery of said central cylindrical portion, wherein said material classifier separating fine particles from coarse particles and discharging said fine particles together with air out said blower discharge, and discharging said corse particles through said air lock, such that increasing the amount of diffuser air increases the size of the fine particles being separated from the coarse particles.
- Preferably wherein said diffuser air is admitted into said cyclone in such a manner as to enhance and reinforce the formation of a strong interior vortex.
- Preferably wherein said air inlet means including numerous air inlet apertures spaced around said cylinder outer periphery for admitting diffuser air
- Preferably wherein said air inlet means including numerous air slots spaced around said cylinder outer periphery for admitting diffuser air.
- Preferably wherein said air slots extending along a longitudinal axis, and said slots oriented at an angle theta measured between said longitudinal axis and vertical such that when diffuser air is admitted through said angled slots said air flow supporting development of an interior cyclone in said cyclone.
- Preferably wherein said angle theta between 10 and 80 degrees.
- Preferably wherein said slots are so oriented so as to enhance and reinforce a formation of a strong interior vortex.
- Preferably wherein said air inlet means further including a control means for adjustably controlling the amount of diffuser air being admitted through said air inlet means and into said air diffuser.
- Preferably wherein said control means including an annular adjustable band extending and clamping around the cylinder outer periphery for selectively covering off all or some of the slot area.
- Preferably wherein said control means including a barometric damper for adjusting the amount of diffuser air depending upon the material through put of the cyclone.
- Preferably wherein said central cylindrical portion being larger in diameter than a cyclone outlet diameter.
- Preferably wherein said central cylindrical portion having a diameter at least 1.2 times that of the cyclone outlet diameter.
- Preferably wherein said cyclone being a mid efficiency cyclone having a air inlet velocity of no more than 3000 feet per minute.
- Preferably wherein said cyclone dimensioned and adapted to promote formation of an exterior downwardly spiralling vortex and an up draft interior upwardly spiralling vortex.
- Preferably wherein said cyclone further including a stand pipe dimensioned to aid and enhance the development of a strong updraft interior vortex.
- Preferably wherein said air diffuser including an upper tapered portion for the transition between the diffuser inlet and the central cylindrical portion.
- Preferably wherein said central cylindrical portion being a hollow body and a vertical length greater than the diameter of the cyclone outlet.
- Preferably wherein the entrained particles being selected from the list including granulate, pellets, fibres, flakes, beans, plastic, metal, and paper.
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FIG. 1 is an upright schematic perspective view of the present invention a material classifier. -
FIG. 2 is an upright schematic partial cut-away perspective view of the present invention a material classifier. -
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a regrind system including the present invention a material classifier. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective partial cut away view of a regrind system showing the present invention the material classifier. -
FIG. 5 is an upright schematic perspective view of the air diffuser portion part of the material classifier. -
FIG. 6 is a side plan elevational view of an alternate embodiment of the body portion of a material classifier shown inFIGS. 6, 8 and 9. -
FIG. 7 is a upright schematic perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a material classifier showing various inlet heights. -
FIG. 8 is an upright schematic perspective view of the alternate embodiment of the material classifier shown inFIG. 7 , showing by way of example two different inlet angles, alpha and two different bottom outlet diameters. -
FIG. 9 is an upright schematic transparent view of an alternate embodiment of the material classifier with a conical top showing the interior vortex and the exterior vortex. - The present invention a material classifier shown generally as 20 is shown in
FIG. 4 deployed together with other equipment making up a regrind system shown generally as 22. Regrindsystem 22 takes plastic components and/or plastic parts or rejected plastic parts and feeds them through a grinder shown generally as 501 which produces granular material containing both coarser particles, finer particles and of coarse also some dust. All of this granular material is conveyed tomaterial classifier 20, wherein the coarsegranular particles 106 are separated from the finergranular particles 107 as well as dust which may be entrained, such thatcoarse particles 106 are discharged fromair lock housing 401 and finer granular materials as well as dust together with air is discharged fromblower discharge 250 tobag house 502. - The present invention, material classifier shown generally as 20 as shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2 and includes the following major components namelycyclone 100,blower 200,air diffuser 300 andair lock 400. Cyclone 100 includescyclone housing 101,tangential cyclone inlet 102,cyclone outlet 103,internal stand pipe 104 andblower air 105 shown generally as dark arrows. Note thatblower air 105 shown as dark arrows will have entrained therein depending upon the location within the process,coarse particles 106,fine particles 107, diffuserair 304 as well as dust. Note that diffuser air flow is generally shown as light orwhite arrows 108 anddiffuser air flow 108 will have entrained in it, depending upon the location within the device,fine particles 107 as well as dust. Cyclone 100 is the type known in the art and normally utilized for separating air from particles entrained or fluidized in the air. - Blower 200 includes the following major components,
blower housing 201 having mounted therein afan 202 driven by amotor 203, having ablower discharge 250, whereinblower 200 draws inblower air 105 throughcyclone inlet 102 and further throughstand pipe 104 and out throughblower discharge 250. -
Air diffuser 300 includes a substantially hollow cylindrically shapeddiffuser housing 301,diffuser inlet 302,diffuser outlet 303,diffuser air 304, shown generally as light orwhite arrows 108. Diffuserair 108 is introduced intoair diffuser 300 viaair slots 305 which can be opened and closed withadjustable band 302 having an adjustingbolt 310, such thatadjustable band 306 can be moved alongvertical direction 330.FIG. 5 showsadjustable band 306 in the fully openedposition 320 in solid lines and the partiallyclosed position 322 in dashed lines.Diffuser housing 301 includes an uppertapered portion 312, a centralcylindrical portion 314, a lowertapered portion 314, whereindiffuser inlet 302 has ainlet diameter 340 which is the same as the cyclone outlet diameter and wherein centralcylindrical portion 314 has acylindrical diameter 342. -
Material classifier 20 further includes some type ofair lock 400 shown in these diagrams buy way of example only as arotary air lock 400, including anair lock housing 401, anair lock inlet 402, adischarge 402 and arotor 404. Kindly note thatair lock 400 can be any of the types known in the art, not necessarily a rotary air lock as depicted here as long as theair lock 400 is able to separate solid materials from air. - The regrind system shown generally as 22 in
FIGS. 3 and 4 , includes agrinder 501 having agrinder housing 503, and araw material inlet 502 further including piping 511 for transportation of granular material to thematerial classifier 20. Prior to the fluidizedmaterial entering cyclone 100, it is preferably passed through ananti-static system 110, wherein chargedparticles 172 enter intoanti-static system 110 are neutralized such that unchargedcoarse particles 106 leaveanti-static system 110.Anti-static system 110 will neutralize both coarse and fine particles as well as dust particles, even though this is not depicted in the drawings.Material classifier 20 separates coarse particles which exit through the bottom ofdischarge 403 ofair lock 400, whereinfine particles 107 exit atblower discharge 250 via piping 511 to abag house 502 which includes aplenum 505,air filters 506 andfine containers 507. - In Use
- Granular material is received into
cyclone 100 throughcyclone inlet 102 which is positioned in such a manner to set up cyclonic motion withincyclone housing 101 as depicted schematically with the dark black arrows which are denoted asblower air 105.Blower 200 havingfan 202 driven byfan motor 203, creates a vacuum or suction oncyclone inlet end 102 and draws granular material in throughcyclone inlet 102. Granular material normally includescoarse particles 106,fine particles 107, and dust particles not shown as well asblower air 105 all mixed together atcyclone inlet 102.Cyclone inlet 102 is normally positioned above avertical stand pipe 104 centrally and coaxially mounted withincyclone housing 101. This cyclone geometry well known in the art creates a circular flow around the exterior portion ofcyclone housing 101 as depicted by the dark arrows ofblower air 105 and the heaviercoarse particles 106 through centrifugal force are swept to the exterior periphery ofcyclone housing 101 and make their way downwardly invertical direction 191 towardscyclone outlet 103.Blower air 105 drawn intofan 202 ofblower 200 entersstand pipe 104 and up and throughfan 202 and outblower discharge 250. - It is believed that an up draft and or a counter rotating vortex is created vertically below
stand pipe 104 which typically provides for the removal ofblower air 105 throughblower 200 and out throughblower discharge 250. - Therefore there is an exterior spirally downwardly
rotating vortex 701 with heaviercoarser particles 106 entrained therein and moving vertically downwardly alongvertical direction 191 and there is an interior updraft or spirally upwardly counterrotating vortex 702 developed proximate the central portion ofcyclone housing 101 and in thismanner blower air 105 is removed fromcyclone housing 101 at times together with dust out ofblower discharge 250. - Prior art International Application WO 03/033158 A1 adds an additional separator chamber 18 below
cyclone 100 which has mounted therein a deflector device 19, wherein coarser particles impinge upon the deflector device, such that additional dust is dislodged from coarser particles and by additionally allowing air to enter below a separator chamber, this dust is then carried out with the air discharge rather than through the air lock. - In the present invention as
coarse particles 106, together withfine particles 107 as well as dust, makes its way downwardly incyclone 100 towardscyclone outlet 103 and intoair diffuser 300, particles of all sizes meet withdiffuser air 304 which is allowed to enter throughair slots 305 which are defined around the entire cylinderouter periphery 350 of centralcylindrical portion 314 ofdiffuser housing 301. -
Diffuser air 304 entering throughair slots 305 defined around the entire cylinder outperiphery 350, fluidizes or entrains, fine particles by supporting and enlarging the up draftinterior vortex 702 and effectively strengthens the upward force ofinterior vortex 702 anddiffuser air 304 rising upwardly intostand pipe 104 creates a strong upward draft such that by controlling the amount ofdiffuser air 304, one controls the strength and velocity of air withininterior vortex 702 and in this manner, one can control the size of particles which are fluidized byinterior vortex 702 and which eventually make their way throughblower 200 and out throughblower discharge 250. - Experimentally, it has been found that it is important to support the existing up draft
interior vortex 702 as well as theexterior vortex 701 through the design of the inlet ofdiffuser air 304 intocyclone 100. - Unlike the prior art as described in WO 03/033158 A1 which in fact indicates that they are using plates within a the stand pipe for the purpose of preventing or reducing rotation of flow which takes place with the major direction upwards inside the inner walls. The present invention utilizes the existing upwards flow within cyclone by controllably strengthening and enhancing the up draft flow within the
interior vortex 702 in order to selectively fluidize particles of pre determined size. - As a result, it has been found that by angling
air slots 305 at anangle theta 344 measured between a longitudinal axis 345 and thevertical direction 191, one is able to enhance and encourage the up draftinterior vortex 702 by placing theair slots 305 around cylinderouter periphery 350 in an angled relationship having anangle theta 344 as shown inFIG. 5 .Adjustable band 306 having anadjustment bolt 310 is strapped around centralcylindrical portion 314 ofair diffuser 300 and can be adjusted by loosening offbolt 310 to a fully opened position as shown in 320 inFIG. 5 or a partiallyclosed position 322 as shown as dashed lines inFIG. 5 or in fact it can fully close offair slots 305 by placingadjustable band 306 entirely coveringair slots 305. - Through trial and error and experimentation it has been found that it is important that central
cylindrical portion 314 have acylinder diameter 342 larger thaninlet diameter 340 which is basically the same diameter ascyclone outlet 103. It has been found that in order to enhance and aid theinterior vortex 702 development, one needs to introducediffuser air 304 at acylinder diameter 342 which is larger than thecyclone outlet diameter 103. In addition, it has been found very important that air be introduced around the entire periphery ofcylinder outlet 350, rather than at just a single point, once again in order to aid the development and strength ofinterior vortex 702 which is rotating counter clock wise and rising upwardly withincyclone housing 101. - In practice one has been able to control the classifier such that the material size exiting out of
blower discharge 250 can be carefully controlled by allowing more orless diffuser air 304 throughair slots 305 ofair diffuser 300. The heaviest particles will immediately tend to the outer diameter ofcyclone housing 101 and will drop throughair diffuser 300 undisturbed and intoair lock 400. - However by introducing
more diffuser air 304 throughair slots 305, theinterior vortex 702 becomes stronger and more fully developed and will fluidize and carry upwardly larger and larger granules of particles up throughstand pipe 104 and out throughblower discharge 250, such that one can select the size of particles into at least two distinct sizes, namelycoarser particles 106 andfine particles 107, in addition to dust removal. - A person skilled in the art will note that
cyclone 100 in any event removes dust particles not shown in the attached diagrams and the prior art in International Application WO 03/033158 A1 has indicated a method or a means of adding or enhancing dust removal through aconventional cyclone 100. - In addition to dust removal,
material classifier 20 has the capability of selectively removing heavier particles and in fact can classify incoming particles into at least two classifications namelycoarse particles 106 which are discharged fromdischarge 402 ofair lock 400 andfine particles 107 which are discharged fromblower discharge 250. The fine particle size can be controllably selected by adjusting the amount ofdiffuser air 304. -
Material classifier 20 appears to be most effective when using amid-efficiency cyclone 100 rather than a high efficiency cyclone. A mid efficiency cyclone generally has an air velocity of less than 3000 feet/min. High efficiency cyclones tend to be smaller in diameter and longer in length and have a strongexterior vortex 701 and it is the inventors theory that theinterior vortex 702 tends to be extremely weak and therefore it is difficult to support and/or enhance theinterior vortex 702 development with the addition ofdiffuser air 304 throughair slots 305. In any event, through trial and error and experimentation, it has been found that alarger diameter cyclone 100 known in the industry as a mid efficiency cyclone, appears to develop a very stronginterior vortex 702 which can be enhanced and utilized with the introduction ofdiffuser air 304 throughair slots 305. -
Material classifier 20 is shown in a typical installation of aregrind system 22 as depicted schematically inFIGS. 3 and 4 . - By way of example only and without limitation, a plastic regrind system takes existing plastic components or scrap from injection moulding machines or blow moulding machines and regrinds this plastic for later reuse. The plastic is introduced into
grinder 501 throughraw material inlet 502 and via piping 511 is conveyed in an air fluidized manner tomaterial classifier 20, wherein bothcoarse particles 106 andfine particles 107enter material classifier 20 along with dust of coarse, and wherein through the cyclonic action ofcyclone 100, the larger particles fall quickly to thecyclone outlet 103 and out throughair diffuser 300 and intoair lock 400, where they are dropped intomaterial container 504. Depending upon the amount ofdiffuser air 304 which one selects to enter throughair slots 305, the lighter, smaller granular particles as well as dust is carried upwardly withinterior vortex 702, up throughblower 200 and out throughblower discharge 250. Therefore, larger particles of a certain size are discharged throughair lock 400 and smaller particles of a certain size are discharged throughblower discharge 250. - In order to separate
blower air 105 fromfine particles 107 and dust which also may be entrained, abag house 502 is employed, wherein the air and particles discharged fromblower discharge 250 pass throughplenum 505 and drop down throughair filters 506 wherein air is discharged and fine granular material is collected infines containers 507. - In this manner a person skilled in the art will note that various granular materials can be classified using
material classifier 20 including plastic materials, grains, sands, coffee, wood chips, rubber granular materials, fibre granular materials, plastics from metal, jute from wire, filaments and many other granular type materials too numerous to list here. - Further it has been found that by using a barometric damper (not shown in the drawings) to control the amount of
diffuser air 304 one can compensate for through put variations such as material surges or variations in material through put rates. The barometric damper would have an upstream sensor placed prior tocyclone inlet 102 which would adjustdiffuser air 304 amounts according to material through put. - An alternate embodiment of the material classifier is shown in
FIGS. 6, 7 , 8 and 9 and is shown generally asmaterial classifier 700 which operates in an analogous fashion asmaterial classifier 20 with the following modifications and improvements to the cyclone. -
Material classifier 700 includes a conical top 720 having atop diameter 712, acylindrical section 714 and aconical bottom section 710. It further includescyclone inlet 102 which can positioned at different inlet height 704 and/or different inlet anglesalpha 706. In addition,conical bottom 710 may have a differingbottom outlet diameter 708 as shown particularly inFIG. 8 in dashed lines being the largerbottom outlet diameter 708 and the solid lines being the smallerbottom outlet diameter 708. - Referring now to
FIG. 9 which shows schematically the development of theinterior vortex 702 which is rising upwardly and development of the exterior orvortex 701 which is moving downwardly. The modifications tomaterial classifier 700 will now be explained in regard to optimizing the development and strength ofinterior vortex 702 which carries out fines throughblower discharge 250. - It has been found by trial and error that in order to encourage development of the updraft in
interior vortex 702 and more efficient separation ofcoarse particles 106 fromfine particles 107, a number of modifications to the cyclone have been shown to help develop a strongerinterior vortex 702. In particular the inlet height 704 shown inFIG. 7 will aid in the development ofinterior vortex 702 as well as theinlet angle alpha 706 as shown inFIG. 8 andFIG. 6 and as well by adding a conicaltop section 720 on top ofcylindrical section 714, one also is able to enhance and aid the development of a stronginterior vortex 702. - The inventor has also found that by having a smaller
bottom outlet diameter 708 as shown inFIG. 8 , one can also increase the updraft or the strength ofinterior vortex 702 withinmaterial classifier 700. - By optimizing inlet height 704,
inlet angle alpha 706,bottom outlet diameter 708 as well as by the addition of a conicaltop section 720, one can customizematerial classifier 700 to separate thecoarse particles 106 fromfine particles 107. - It should be apparent to persons skilled in the arts that various modifications and adaptation of this structure described above are possible without departure from the spirit of the invention the scope of which defined in the appended claim.
Claims (18)
1. A material classifier comprising:
a) a cyclone including a cyclone inlet, a cyclone outlet, a blower and a blower discharge;
b) an air diffuser connected at a diffuser inlet to said cyclone outlet and at a diffuser outlet to an air lock such that said cyclone and air diffuser are in fluid communication;
c) wherein said diffuser including a central cylindrical portion including an air inlet means for admitting controlled amounts of diffuser air around substantially the entire cylinder outer periphery of said central cylindrical portion, wherein said material classifier separating fine particles from coarse particles and discharging said fine particles together with air out said blower discharge, and discharging said coarse particles through said air lock, such that increasing the amount of diffuser air increases the size of the fine particles being separated from the coarse particles.
2. The material classifier claimed in claim 1 wherein said diffuser air is admitted into said cyclone in such a manner as to enhance and reinforce the formation of a strong interior vortex.
3. The material classifier claimed in claim 2 wherein said air inlet means including numerous air inlet apertures spaced around said cylinder outer periphery for admitting diffuser air
4. The material classifier claimed in claim 2 wherein said air inlet means including numerous air slots spaced around said cylinder outer periphery for admitting diffuser air.
5. The material classifier claimed in claim 4 wherein said air slots extending along a longitudinal axis, and said slots oriented at an angle theta measured between said longitudinal axis and vertical such that when diffuser air is admitted through said angled slots said air flow supporting development of an interior vortex in said cyclone.
6. The material classifier claimed in claim 5 wherein said angle theta between 10 and 80 degrees.
7. The material classifier claimed in claim 4 wherein said slots are so oriented so as to enhance and reinforce a formation of a strong interior vortex.
8. The material classifier claimed in claim 1 wherein said air inlet means further including a control means for adjustably controlling the amount of diffuser air being admitted through said air inlet means and into said air diffuser.
9. The material classifier claimed in claim 8 wherein said control means including an annular adjustable band extending and clamping around the cylinder outer periphery for selectively covering off all or some of the slot area.
10. The material classifier claimed in claim 8 wherein said control means including a barometric damper for adjusting the amount of diffuser air depending upon the material through put of the cyclone.
11. The material classifier claimed in claim 1 wherein said central cylindrical portion being larger in diameter than a cyclone outlet diameter.
12. The material classifier claimed in claim 11 wherein said central cylindrical portion having a diameter at least 1.2 times that of the cyclone outlet diameter.
13. The material classifier claimed in claim 1 wherein said cyclone being a mid efficiency cyclone having a air inlet velocity of no more than 3000 feet per minute.
14. The material classifier claimed in claim 1 wherein said cyclone dimensioned and adapted to promote formation of an exterior downwardly spiralling vortex and an up draft interior upwardly spiralling vortex.
15. The material classifier claimed in claim 1 wherein said cyclone further including a stand pipe dimensioned to aid and enhance the development of a strong updraft interior vortex.
16. The material classifier claimed in claim 1 wherein said air diffuser including an upper tapered portion for the transition between the diffuser inlet and the central cylindrical portion.
17. The material classifier claimed in claim 1 wherein said central cylindrical portion being a hollow body and a vertical length greater than the diameter of the cyclone outlet.
18. The material classifier claimed in claim 1 wherein the entrained particles being selected from the list including granulate, pellets, fibres, flakes, beans, plastic, metal, and paper.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/834,221 US20050242008A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2004-04-29 | Material classifier |
US10/898,325 US7108138B2 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2004-07-26 | Material classifier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/834,221 US20050242008A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2004-04-29 | Material classifier |
Related Child Applications (2)
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US10/898,325 Continuation US7108138B2 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2004-07-26 | Material classifier |
US10/898,325 Continuation-In-Part US7108138B2 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2004-07-26 | Material classifier |
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US20050242008A1 true US20050242008A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
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US10/834,221 Abandoned US20050242008A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2004-04-29 | Material classifier |
US10/898,325 Expired - Lifetime US7108138B2 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2004-07-26 | Material classifier |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/898,325 Expired - Lifetime US7108138B2 (en) | 2004-04-29 | 2004-07-26 | Material classifier |
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Also Published As
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US20050242007A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
US7108138B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 |
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