US2004408A - Apparatus for expressing liquids - Google Patents

Description

June 111, 1935.

SVHILLER 2,004,408

If, APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUIDS FiledNov. 22,1929 4 Sheiis-Shet s A my mllmm n Jwhtoz June 11, 1935." 4 s. HILLER yAPrA A'rUs' FOR EXPRESSING LIQUIDS 4 Sheets-sheet 4 Filed Nbv. 22, 1929 :n no. QOOQO n .5 II n. .Y Z?

Patented June 11, 19 35 a I. Y

" L I EDTZJ' T ES PATENT O C erotica 2 v 3 a v APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSINGI LIQUIDS 1] Stanley Killer, Berkeley, Calif., assignor to 'S tanley Hilier, Incorporated, San-Francisco, calif gacorporation ofCalifornia I Q;

I j Application November 22,1929, Serial No; 409325; i2C Fims. (Cl.1 o '48) f The presentinvention relates to high pressure Figure 3-isa transverse vertical sectional view presses, and more particularly to continuous high substantially on a planerepresented by line 3-3 ..pressur screw presses for expressing fats and of Figural. t i I oils from diverse materials .suchfias fish, flsh- Figure 4is an end-elevational view as seen in v .5 waste, packing ofial, garbage, H cracklings from the direction represented' bythe arrow 4 in Figrendering processes: copra, cotton seed, and like we 1. I v V l v i w oil bearing substances. Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view or one *A primary'object of the invention is to provide th p ess' barrel members in'a Sli ht y di? an eflicient high pressure press of novel construcfled form showing t application he ew thbf a} tion adaptingit-for most efficient, operation as preferred form' of screen structure embodied in 10 well as being relatively inexpensiveto manufacy inv t e fl I i 3 l 3 mire, A a t Figure 6is an outer planviewof a portion of i A further objector the invention is the provih Sc Structure il ustra ed in Figure sion ofafno'vel press structure embodying parts Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 5 illustrat which are arranged for ready removal wlihllS n a fur her form of screen structure. adapting. the structure for ready accessibility for Figure 8 s e a d ra verse section of cleaning or for replacement of parts. L]; a P r n of t e en ructure' illustrated in A still further objector theinventionis .the Figure 7. 7 i

a provision of novel control mechanism for disu e 9 S a broken plan view showing h charge cones of highpressure presses whereby, suc sivelaminteforming the screen structure 20 rapid andeasy adjustments of. the discharge ShOWnin ures a d 8. j

cone may be made to vary the: thickness of the g r 10 s a transverse section thru a furcake and consequently the pressure developed on therdformflf Screen Structure d ure 11 is the materials from which oils are being ex- "asimilar view of a still further formof scr en pressed." v v v i i t I structure. 1 i i t v A still further object of theinventioniis the R fe t th ac mpa yi drawin s y provison or a, v l en t r t r adapted reference characters lin which like characters for detachable 'associationwith a press barrel designate like D ll designates e P Of end in proximity to the revolving screw therein and ca tin s providin sup ts o e ruc u e a e v the method of making such screens. I described and upon which'is supported the oppo- A still further objectlof the invention is the I site ends of anoil collecting pan member I2 more provision of novel tempering and charging apfully described hereinafter. Supported on and paratus whereby the material is heated, agitated detachably secured to member I2 intermediatethe and force fed into thepress with which the temends thereof asindicated at l3 isthe flanged foot pering and charging apparatus is operatively portion M of a hoppercastingliand detachably connected. v 1 i f a 1 i f secured to one endofmcmber l2 inspaced rela- Further objectsof theinvention are the protion to} castingfl5 as indicated at l6 is thefoot "vision of novel drivingarrangernents and bearing portion H of a discharge endcasting I8, Destructures,j, the provision of various improved tachably connected with the endof member l2 4p combnations and sub-combinations of mechaopposite the end to which casting l8 issecured nisms, and the attainment of such otherobjects asindicated at 19 are integral brackets 2| of a as will more; fullyapparin'the following detailed gear housing 22 which housing is provided .with

description of the preferred embodiments of the a circular flange 23 definin a r ar p nin for 1 invention.- v 1 v receiving acylindricalextension'24of casting'l5.

i 5 Referring, to the v accompanying drawings: The flange of gear housing 22 is detachably se' forming a part of the present disclosure and in cured toa' flange 25 of casting l5 by means of which is illustrated preferred physical embodi-1 bolts 26. Geanhousing 22 is open ended and proments of the present invention: 1" vided with a marginalfiange 28 at the outwardly Figure l'is ajpart side elevation andpart axial facing end thereof towhich is detachably secured vertical sectional view of ,ailpress structure and by means of bolts 29a flange 3| of a cover plate 32. 0 tempering apparatus constructed; in accordance The cover plate 32 is provided with a cylindrical with apreferred embodiment of the invention. extension 33 having integrally formed bracing Figure 2 is a view partlylin top plan and partly ribs 34;]Cylindrica1 extension 33is provided pwith in horizontal section as seen on line 2--2 of a shaft bearing bushing 35 for oneendof a shaft v a ss.- shertssextends the full length of the ma- 5 Figure 4.

chine and the opp site end'thereof has mounted thereon a. cone member 31 which is keyed to shaft 36 for longitudinal adjustment relative thereto by a key 38 and cone member 31 is rotatably journaled in a bearing bushing 39 in the hub portion 4i of a spider casting 42, the casting 42 comprising in addition to hub 4| angularly disposed arms 43 integral at corresponding ends with hub 4i and integral at their opposite ends with a-circular ring member 44 which ring member engages casting l8 within an outwardly directed flange 45 thereof and is detachably secured to casting I18. The shaft 36, it will be seen, is rotatably journaled within bushings 35 and 39 adjacent opposite ends thereof. within a bushing 41 mounted within the bore of a thrust bearing retaining ring 48 which is provided with a flange 49 detachably secured to cylindrical extension 24 of casting l5 by means of bolts 5i. The shaft 36 is of various diameters and includes a substantially long section 52 of uniform diameter intermediate bushing 41 and cone 31. Suitably keyed to shaft 36 for rotation therewith is a bearing member 53 which is mounted on shaft 36 from the end thereof=adjacent the discharge end of the press, one end of which engages a shoulder 54 of shaft 36 between portion 52 and an enlarged portion 55 which is rotatably journaled in bushings 35 and 41. Bearing member 53 is retained on shaft 36 by means of a collar 56 en gaging the opposite end of member 53 which in turn is engaged by the adjacent one of a plurality of screw sections 51, 58, 59, 6|, 62 and 63 of successively increasing diameter and which are maintained in spaced relation by conical spacing collars 64, 65, 66, 61 and 68 respectively. The screw sections and spacing collars are suitably keyed to shaft 36 for longitudinal mounting thereon and for rotation with the shaft. The outer screw section 63 at the outer end thereof is undercut providing a recess 1| for the reception of the reduced cylindrical extension 12 of a retaining nut 13 threadedly engaged with shaft 36 as is indicated. Bearing member 53 is provided with a circular seat 15 for the inner race 16 of a thrust ball bearing assembly 11 the outer race 18 of which is seated in engagement with cylindrical extension 24 and ring member 48. A suitable lubricating connection 19 extends through housing 212 and casting l5 for introducing lubricant to the bearing 11. Casting i 5 is provided with a lubricating packing 8| for lubricating the bearing surface of member 53. I 7

It will be seen upon inspection of Fig. 1 that the bearing member 53 is provided with two longitudinally spaced bearing surfaces 53 and 53" in rotatable engagement with the walls of separated bearing openings in casting l5 and that packing 8| retains lubricant in the thrust bearing cavity and prevents leakage thereof into the space 50 between surfaces 53' and 53".

The space 50 is enclosed above the center line of shaft 36 but is entirely open below the center line of the-shaft whereby-any material working its way out of the feed hopper later described into space 50 drops out of the casting and thus cannot possibly get into the thrust bearing cavity.

.Furthermore any lubricant leaking out of the thrust bearing cavity drops out of space 59 and thus cannot possibly get into the feed hopper.

Removably disposed between castings i5 and i8 is a press cage 82 comprising a pair of mating sections 83 with the cooperating faces thereof disposed in a vertical longitudinal plane as clearly indicated in Figure 3. Each of the sections 83 The shaft 36 has additional bearing has end flanges 84 for detachable connection with the respective faces of castings |5.and l8 by means of bolts 85 and 86, the bolts 85 detachably securing the upper and lower elongated extensions of flanges 84 in position and the bolts 86 securing said flanges to said castings at intermediate por tions thereof. Each section 83 further includes integral with flanges 84 a pair of vertically disposed relatively heavy bars 88 which are recessed adjacent their inner edges as indicated at 89 for a purpose later described and integral with bars 88 and longitudinally spaced between the opposite end flanges 84, are ribs 9| which with bars 88 of opposite sections 83 define a cylindrical bore 92 for a purpose later described. Each section 83 further includes integral longitudinally extending ribs 93 which as indicated in Figure 3 are disposed radially of shaft 36 and are slightly spaced at the bases thereof from the inner surface of ribs 9| as indicated at 94 for a purpose later described. Bars 88 in the assembled position of sections 83 are detachably secured together by upper and lower longitudinal series of transversely disposed bolts 95 which project through bars 88 and bosses 96 integral with the opposing faces of bars 88.

It will be seen from the above that a press cage is provided for encircling relation with shaft 36 which is readily removable to facilitate ready cleaning as well as for ready access to parts within the cage about to be described.

The bore 92 within cage 82 receives shaft 36 centrally thereof and cage 82 has removably secured within the bore 92 thereof a screen structure 98 which provides a press barrel between which the spiral screw flights of the screw sections the material is subjected to pressure for extracting the fats and oils therefrom, the screw flights substantially contacting the inner cylindrical wall of screen 98 as indicated in Figures 2 and 3.

Removably secured within recesses 89 of bars 88 are knife bars 99 which as indicated in Figure 1 are preferably secured to the bars 88 of one of the sections 83 by screws IOI. The knife bars 99 are provided with check projections I03 which project inwardly and have their inner edges correspondingly inclined to and slightly spaced from the outer surfaces of the conical spacing collars 64 to 68 inclusive. The screen structure 98is preferably in semi-cylindrical sections, each section disposed within the bore 92 of each cage section 83 and with the opposite edges of the screen sections engaging opposite faces of knife bars 99 in the assembled relation of the parts as illustrated in Figure 3.

The screen structure 98 as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 comprises a plurality of longitudinal sections supported within each cage section 83 as indicated at I94 in Figure 2- and each section is preferably composed of longitudinal extending slightly'spaced bars I05 for providing relatively thin openings for the egress of oils and fats expressed from the material within the cage. The screen structure is a very important feature in presses of this general character, various forms of which are disclosed in the drawings and are about to be described.

A preferred embodiment of screen structure and which has been found best adapted to the character of work accomplished by presses of this character is illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 in which the screen structure is supported within slightly modified forms of press cage sections 83 and in which the screen sections designated at iii are of semi-cylindrical formation with the adjacent 2,004,408 mates IIQand m.

edges thereof in engagement with thefopposite sides of knife bars 99. Each screen section III I is constructed of a pluralityof longitudinally ex-' tending bars I I2 which as clearlyindicated in Figurefi are welded together at longitudinally spaced points as indicatedin II3 thus providing anintegral member having a plurality of series of v I longitudinal'slits I I 4 separated by the relatively narrow welded portions I I3. The welded portions II3 are essential onlyforconnecting thebarsjl I2 for preventing separation thereofand in welding the bars I I2together the points I I3 ofwelding'are so spacedlongitudinally of the. screen member that in assembled relation they will rest opposite the transverse ribs M of the press cage 82 whereby the welding of bars I I2 in the manner disclosed will in no way detract from the efficiency of the screenmember. The bars 2 as more clearly indicated in Figure-dare provided with inner and outer planeIfaces with the opposite sides thereof converging outwardly from the inner to the outer faces as indicated at I I6 thus providing outwardly diverging slits IIT between-the bars I I2, the construction as disclosed providing relatively narrow slits opening into the inner surface of screen menibers I II with the slits diverging outwardly at a relatively large angle whereby a screen structure is provided'having relatively narrow slits on the inner or active surface thereof for the passage of {oils and fats therethrough. By the provision of the outwardly diverging slits the oils "or fats upon entering same are permitted to expand' and consequently pass through the screen members III with little liability of} clogging the slits therein. p I

.AlthoughI have illustrated the above screfenas made up of bars having a "cross section of a truncated cone, itwillbe clear that bars of various other cross sectionscould be used, the only essential being that the longitudinal .slots'therebetween flare outwardly. For examplefthe bars could be nctangular in cross section and when assembleciabout a central axis the slots will be; flaring.

The screen structure as-above described may be produced invarious other ways than the assembly and welding of separate bars; since for example a screen could be 7 cast with a be cut into a suitably shaped metal shell.

It will be seen from the above that in accordance with this embodiment screen structure is provided which is of sufficient rigidity to withstand the relatively high pressures therein and at the same time embodiesrelatively narrow oilpassages.

A furtherform of screen structure is illustrated in Figures 7, 8 and 9 and comprises a pair of semicylindrical sections as in the previousembodh ments of the invention each of which sections comprises an inner perforated'platel I9 and an outer slightlythicker perforated plate I2I, the

ing a layer of porous material such as hair cloth layer I21 of finemesh woven Itively, thick layer I32 plurality of ongs. tudinal slotsflaring-outwardly; or said slots could I of the invention a] enlarged cylindrical section tapered adjacent the free fining a conicalsurface I43 whereby upon movetoward ,or away from section 63 and within ring ing MI. is correspondinglyreduced or enlarged to its maximum opening by movement of the conical As illustrated in Figother but the plates.

In accordance with this em bodiment of the invention as well' as that illustrated in Figure fi ried by eachsection 83', gagement i tions.,83f.

for side contacting en- A still further formof screenstructure is il-" lustrated in Figure 10 and which comprises ina pair of knife bars 99 are car-w the assembled position of cage secner and outer perforated plates -I25and- I26. sirni- I but in this form of screen structure the plates I25 and I26enc1ose a of the camels hair clothr J A still. further form of screenstructure is il lustrated in Figure lland whiolrcomprises an in ner layer I28 of number 14 gauge hit and miss diagonal screen, an? adjacent layer I29 of MOneI wire screen in place metal'scre'en cloth, afurtherlayer I 3|, ofnumber d meshrolled brass scrcenandan outer comparaof number -6 gauge steel screen. The three layers I28,I29 and I3I have 'theiredges turned outwardly and securedin position by the knife bars 99, I I Withthe press cage 82 having the screen sections and knifebars mounted-therein as above disclosed L secured between castings; I5 and ;I8 in enclosingrelation to the screw flight sections 51 to 63 and spacing members 64 to. 68 carried by shaft 36, a press barrel ofcylindrical forma-. tion provided for the. passage of material therethrough under compression by the screw flights which iiightsaid in the movementof the material thrusaid barrel. I

member I33, above screw flight pair of arcuate solid cast. iron; members I34 swingingly mounted on casting I 5-beneath hopper member I33. thus providing a hopper bottom:

readily releasable for. cleaning purposes. Casting I8 is'provided witha bore I36 of substantially greater diameter than screw flighttsection,63 anddetachably secured withinbore I36 by securingelements I31 is a, ring member I38 the inner surface of which is in substantial spaced relationto theouter surface of screw flight section 63 thus providing a substantiallywide circular material discharge opening I4 I.

In. accordance with the invention means are provided for adjusting. the 'width opening I I 4 I for thereby regulating of discharge the thickness Casting I5 isprovided with an integral hopper.

7 section 51 for the feeding of material into the press barrel and a .hoppcr bottom is provided beneathvscrew flight sectioni'l which bottom preferablycomprises a of cake as well as the pressure within the press barrel, such means comprising. the aforementioned cone member31 which is provided with an gagement with the adj'acentend of screw flight section and the: cylindrical section I42 is edge thereof thus dement of conemember 31 member I 38 the openendof extension I42 within discharge opening I 42 fortelescopic en- HI... Means are provided for moving cone m.m-

ber31 longitudinally of shaft 36 which in a preferred embodiment thereof comprises a. hand wheel I45 havingan inte ral hub portion I46.

threadedly engaged withthe outarthreaded end I41 of shaft 36. The. cylindrical cone member '31 adjacent the outer end thereof is provided with a circular recess I48 for the reception of the inner edge of a sectional disc member I49 removably secured to hub member I46 by bolts I Thus with this construction upon turning hand wheel I45 in one direction or the other the hub portion I46 will, due to its screw connection with shaft 36, revolve about the shaft and move longitudinally thereof and as disc member I49 is ro-.

tatablein recess I48 longitudinal movement will be imparted to cone member 31 commensurate with the longitudinal movement of hub member I46. The pan member I2 heretofore referred to extends the full length of the expressing screw composed of the multiplicity of sections 51 to 63 inclusive and is of'a width substantially greater than the diameter of the press cage 82 as is clearly illustrated in Figure 2 and is adapted to collect the oil expressed from the materialwithin the press barrel. The pan member I2 which is illustrated in transverse section in Figure 3 comprises opposite side members I5I integrally connected by a plate I52 which as clearly indicated in Figure 3 is slightly inclined to the horizontal and which plate together with'portions of sides I5I and suitable end members define an oil receiving receptacle I53. The side members I5I project substantially below plate I52 defining with plate I52 and a detachable cover plate I54, a water jacket I55, the cover plate I54 being removably secured in position by stud bolts I56 threaded into bosses I51 integral with'plate I52. The oil receptacle I53 adjacent the lower side of bottom plate I52 is provided with a screen I58 and the oil after passing thru said screen is withdrawn from receptacle I53 thru a pipe connection 'I6I. The

water jacket I55 is adapted for the circulation of hot water for maintaining the oil substantially fluid whereby the same may be easily pumped from receptacle I 53, the hot water entering jacket I55 by way of a pipe connection I62 and discharging from said water jacket by way of an outlet pipe connection I63.

The novel press structure in accordance with the present invention embodies a novel drive arrangement for imparting rotation to shaft 36. The driving arrangement in a preferred embodiment thereof comprises a gear I65 suitably keyed to shaft 36 immediately within cover plate 32 as indicated at I66 in Figure 2. The gear I65 is in meshing engagement with a pinion I61 keyed at I68 to'a stub shaft I69 the opposite ends of which are mounted within roller bearing assemblies HI and I12 carried by bearing cages I13 and I14 removably secured in apertures in housing 22' and cover plate 32 respectively by means of stud bolts I15 as clearly indicated in Fig. 2. Stub shaft I69 embodies a central enlarged section I16 against'one face of which pinion I61 bears and a collar I11 is disposed between the opposite face of pinion I61 and the proximate bearing assembly I12. Keyed to stub shaft I69 in engagement with the opposite face of enlargement I16 and maintained in spaced relation to the adjacent bearing assembly I1I by a collar I19 is a gear I8I. Gear I8| is in meshing engagement with a pinion I82 keyed to a stub shaft I83 whose opposite ends are rotatably mounted in roller bearing assemblies I84 and I84 supported in bearing cages I85 and I86 removably mounted within apertures in housing 22 and cov-. er plate 32 respectively by means of stud bolts I81. Stub shaft I83 projects substantially outwardly of housing 22 as indicated at I88 and mounted on the extension I88 of shaft I83 is a drive sprocket I 89, one end of the. hub portion I9I of which engages a collar I92 reniovably secured to shaft I 83 by means of a set bolt I93 and engaged with the opposite end of hub-member I9I is a collar I94 removably keyed to shaft I83 as indicated at I 95 and connected to sprocket I89 by means of a shear pin I95 whereby upon jamming in the press, pin I95 will shear and thus break the driving connection.

It will be seen upon reference to-Figures 2 and 4 that housing 32 is of substantial transverse elongation with shaft I83 spaced a. substantial distance laterally of shaft 36 and that the top portion of housing 22 is substantially horizontal thus providing a convenient support for power mechanism about to be described. Suitably secured to' or integral with housing 22 is a pair of lugs I91 which are spaceda substantial distance parallel with shaft 36. Pivotally secured to lugs I91 by means of a pintle rod I98 are cars II9 projecting inwardly from one side of a motor support 20I, the ears I 99 engaging lugs I91. Support 20I adjacent the opposite side thereof is provided with a pair of longitudinally spaced ears 202 through which extend a rod 203 which rod 203 adjacent ears 202 projects through the eyes of eye bolts 204, which eye'bolts project through lugs 205 formed on housing 22 and each bolt 204 has engaged therewith a nut 206 for engagement with each vertically opposite face of the respective lug. 205 whereby upon turning nuts 206 in one directionfor the other support 20I may be raised or lowered about pintle rod I98 for a purpose later referred to.

Suitablymounted on support 202 is an elec tric motor 208 to the drive shaft 209 of which is suitably secured a sprocket 2 which sprocket is in driving engagement with the drive sprocket I89 by means of a sprocket chain 2I2. For effective driving of sprocket I89 from sprocket 2 it is important that chain 2I2 be maintainedsufficiently taut which is readily accomplished by adjusting motor support 20I upon turning nuts 206 in one direction or the other. Secured to shaft I83 intermediate bearing assembly I84 and drive sprocket I89 isa relatively small sprocket-M3 about which is trained'a sprocket chain 2I4 operatively engaged with a sprocket 2I5- on the shaft of pump I59 whereby pump I59 is operated upon rotation of shaft I83. The present invention includes in addition to the press construction above disclosed a tempering apparatus in which thematerial is heated, agitated and placed in suitable condition for most effective extraction of the oils therefrom by the press and from which tempering apparatus the material is fed into the press structure. The tempering apparatus comprises a casing member 22I which as more clearly illustrated in Figure 4 comprises parallel sides 222 merging into a semi-cylindrical bottom portion 223. The outer edges of side members 222 are reinforced by angle bars 224. Integral with the semi-cylindrical bottom portion 223 is a similarly shaped wall 225 in slightly spaced relation to bottom disposedwithin'casing 22I preferably concentric are of sectional formation able bracket 245.

with bottom 226 and is joumaled in bushings 232 (only one of which'is illustrated) in 233 formed on endplates 234. and235. Secured to shaft 23I are a plurality of beater arms 236 which as illustrated in Figure 1 to facilitate attachments to shaft 23I and the arms236 are preferably arranged at an angle of 90Idegrees to each other in the successive longitudinal series thereof. Secured to the outer end of; each of the arms I 236 is a heater 231, the outer edge of which is in close proximity to the inner surface of hot; tom223.I f

Secured to the outer-end of press shaft 36 is a sprocket 239 in vertical alignment with a similar sprocket24l secured to the outer endfio'f shaft 23I androtation of shaft 36 is imparted to shaft 23I by a sprocket chain'242 Ioperatively engaged with sprockets 239 and 24I. As indicated in Fig,- ure 1 shaft 23I projects substantially outwardly of end plate vertical alignment with tended portion of shaft 2 isjournaled in a bearing member 244 supported from end plate 3 of the press by, a suit- Upon rotation of shaft'36 for operation of the press structure, shaft 23I is simultaneouslyrm tated by sprockets 239 and 2H t and chain 242 and in operation of the combined structure the material is fed into casing HI and is subjected to a beating action within the casing 22I by thebeat ers 231 as well as by heat fromthe steam jacket passage of the material after treatment in the tempering apparatus directly'into the feed end of the press barreLthesectiQn 241having suitably I secured thereto an angle ring member 248,]the horizontal portion of which rests upon a hori-- zontal flange 249 of hopper I33 andis secured thereto by bolts 25 I. The present invention com prises means for feeding the material from the discharge end of casing22I into and thru the press hopper I33. Such means in a preferredembodiment thereof comprises a screw 252 of relatively greatpitch disposed verticallyand centrally within hopper I33 andsection 241. upon the rotation of which the material is urgedvertically downward from the discharge end of casing 22I I into the feed end of thepress structure. Screw adjacent one end thereof and 252 embodies a cylindrical body portion 253 thru. which extends a vertically disposed shaft25l to which body-portion 253 is suitably securedfor rotation therewith. Shaft'254 projects slightly beyond the lower end of body portion 253 and is rotatably journaled in a bearing bar 256 extending transversely of hopper I33 with the ends thereof suitably secured ingthe wall of said hopper, the bar 256 serving'asa support and bearing mount for the screw. Shaft 254 projects vertically outwardly of body portion 253 and is ro-' 66 tatably journaled at spaced points adjacent the ,outerend thereof in bushings 251 disposed in a bearing boss 258projecting inwardly of and in-.

tegral with a plate 259 extending over casing 22I suitably secured inposition by bolts 26 I, the casing 22 I being open from end to end except for the portion covered by plate 259. Secured to theouter end of shaft 256 is a bevel gear 262 inmeshing engagement with a similar bevel gear 264 secured to alongitudinally disposed shaft 265 rotatably journaled in bearings longitudinally spaced 235m order tosecure sprocket 24! in sprocket 239 and the ex- 23I adjacent sprocket Casing member'22I is provided with averti cally disposed depending cylindrical section MI'in vertical alignment with press hopper I33 for they I formedIby flight sections and'it is to be noted that the screw V flight sections comprise cylindrical hubs ofsuccessively increasing diameter from section 51 to 63 and that the screw flights on sections 58 to 63' 266 supported wardly from plate 253. Shaft 265 extendssubstantially beyond one of the bearings 266 and has on brackets 26 1; Projecting eta secured adjacent the endthereof a sprocketi269 I about which is trained a sprocket chain 21I in operativeengagementwith a somewhat larger sprocket 2 I2 secured to shaft 23I in vertical alignment with sprocket 269whereby upon rotation of shaft 23I occasionedgby. rotationofshaft 36 shaft 265 is rotated which in turn imparts rotation to shaft 256 and consequentlyscrew' 252 for I10 urging the material from. the discharge end of the tempering apparatus into the feed end of the pressstructure." I j I I In operation of the. construction disclosed mo- ..tor-2Il8'is setinto operation which imparts rotation to the press shaft 36 thru the cooperating sprocket2II, chain 2I2, sprocket I99, pinion I82,

rotation of screw 252 is imparted from shaft 23I thru sprockets mane 269 and chain 2" and the meshing gears 262 and 264 and as sprocket269 is substantially smaller than. sprocket 212 screw 252 will be rotated at a speed substantially greater than the rotation of shaft 23I. I With the cooperating parts set into operation as abov'efdescribed the material is fed into casing 22I of the tempering apparatus wh'erethe material is subjected to abeatingaction by the revolving beaters 231 whichtogether with the heat to which the material is subjected from the steam jacket 226- places the material in a condition for most effective pressing operations and the material adjacentvthedischarge end of the tempering apparatus is constantly fed into the feed end of the press structure by screw 252 whereby the mate rial enters the press structure by hopper I33 and falls upon thelflrst screw flight section 51 which Isection together with the succeeding sections 53' and 63 is rotated with shaft 36 and the material will be fed longitudinally of the press barrel screen 98 by the screwson the screw are of equal pitch while the screw flight on section I 51 is of greaterpitch whereby as the material is progressed forwardly by the screw flights it. is

subjected to constantly increased pressure toward {the discharge end of the press and by the provision of the checks I63 onknife bars 99 the mate-' rial is substantially retarded in its circularmotion with the screws thus further pressure thereto to extract'a maximum amount of oil therefrom. ,The compression within the press barrel is further controlled by adjustment of cone 3] whereby the thickness of cake expelled from the discharge opening I may be varied withIcorr esponding variation of I pressure within the press barrel. The material is forced by the screw flights into pressure engagementwith.

the screen 96, which screen and particularly the formillustrated in Figures5 and 6 holds the body I of material but permits the passage of the oil aiding in suflicient through the slits I I6 therein. As the oil is pressed outwardly through the slits H6 or relatively small openings in any of the other forms of screen disclosed it falls downwardly over the press cage 82 and by spacing ribs 93 from the outer surface of the'screen member as indicated at 94 the oil is permitted to flow downwardly between ribs 9| on the outer surface of,v screen member 98 into the pan I? from which the oil is constantly pumped by pump I59 driven from shaft I83 in the manner heretoforedisclosed.

From the foregoing disclosure it will be see that a combined tempering apparatus and press construction is provided which is of comparatively simple construction and well adapted to perform the functions of constructions of this character and that the operating parts thereof are driven by relatively simple drive mechanism substantially completely housed and that the drive mechanism is operated by a motor adjustably mounted on the drive mechanism housing.

By constructing the press cage 82 in sections with the mating faces thereof in a vertical plane as disclosed, the cleaning thereof is greatly facilitated since upon retracting the upper bolts as well as bolts 86 the sections, 83 after removing bolts can be individually lowered about the lower bolts 85 thus exposing each section interiorly thereof'in a vertical position for easy and thorough flushing thereof. This arrangement of the cage sections 83 further provides for ready access to the interior of the cage for inspection or replacement of parts.

Another feature of novelty to which attention is directed is the simple adjustment of the exit opening for the cake, whereby the pressure within the press may be adjusted. It will be noted that hand wheel I45 extends outwardly from the end of the press clear of all parts and spaced below the tempering casing 22!. By a simple rotation of this hand wheel, the cone 3! with the sloping .e'nd' I43 thereof may be moved closer or further away from exit opening i 38.

It will also be noted that the driving motor with the gear on the shaft thereof'is mounted above and to one side of the machine on a uni tary support 20!, the support being simply and easily adjustable by screw bolts 204 and nuts 206 to adjust the tension on drive chain 2l2.

Although the invention has been illustrated in detail to show a complete and operative machine,

it will be understood that I am not limited to the details thereof except as stated in the accompanying claims, since various additions, omissions and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by United States Letters Patent is:

1. In an expressing press, a screen structure comprising a body for surrounding an expressing means: said body being formed of two mating sections, each section having two vertical flanges and a series of ribs united thereto, the ribs of each section forming a hollow semi-cylindrical shell; a plurality of trapezoidal bars rigidly united together at longitudinally spaced points to form a semi-cylinder for positioning within said shell, said bars having outwardly diverging slots; and means to detachably secure said set of bars to said semi-cylindrical shell.

2. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein the vertical flanges of said body are rabbeted at the inner edges to form rabbets, and the means to detachablysecure the bars to the shell comprises knife bars secured in said rabbets.

3. In an expressing press of the type having a rotary pressing screw, a frame surrounding the screw comprising two identical semi-cylindrical mating sections extending inan axial direction along the length of the screw, each section having longitudinal diametrically opposite outwardly extending flanges for mating engagement with similar flanges on the other section; ribs on each section secured at longitudinally spaced points to said flanges, said ribs defining a semi-cylindrical shell; a plurality of bars rigidly secured together at longitudinally spaced points to form a semicylinder for positioning within said shell, slots being, defined therebetween; said flanges of said mating sections being rabbeted at their irmer edges; and inwardly projecting notched knife bars removably secured within the rabbeted portions of said sections. I

4. In an expressing press of the type having a rotary pressing screw; a frame surrounding the screw comprising two identical semi-cylindrical mating sections extending in an axial direction along the length of the screw, each section having longitudinal diametrically opposed outwardly extending flanges for mating engagement with similar flanges on the other section, ribs on each section secured at longitudinally spaced points to said flanges, said ribs defining a semi-cylindrical shell; a plurality of bars lying end to end and side by side forming a semi-cylinder in each section and contacting said ribs, slots being defined between sides of adjacent bars; said flanges of said mating sections being rabbeted at their inner edges; and inwardly projecting notched knife bars removably secured within the rabbeted portions of said sections.

5. In an expressing press of the type having a rotary pressing screw; a frame surrounding the screw comprising two identical semi-cylindrical mating sections extending in an axial direction along'the length of the screw, each section having longitudinal diametrically opposed outwardly extending flanges for mating engagement with similar flanges on the other section, ribs on each section secured at longitudinally spaced points to said flanges, said ribs defining a semi-cylindrical shell; a plurality of bars lying side by side forming a semi-cylinder in each section and contacting said ribs, slots being defined between sides of adjacent bars; said flanges of said mating sections being rabbeted at their inner edges; and inwardly projecting notched knife bars remov ably secured by screws within the rabbeted portions of said sections, said knife bars cooperating to hold said first mentioned bars in position.

6. In a press of the class having a tubular screen structure and rotary screw means within said structure; a tubular press cage there for comprising a plurality of mating sections, each section including spaced arcuate ribs secured to outwardly extending flanges, adjacent flanges of adjacent sections being held together by fastening members passing through said flanges, the inner edge of said adjacent flanges being recessed; a knife bar seated in said recess and extending in an axial direction along the length of said screw means; and spaced fastening members passing through said knife bar for holding the knife bar flush against a flange.

7. In a .press of the class having a tubular screen structure and rotary screw means within said structure; a tubular press cage therefor comprising a plurality of mating sections, each 560- tion including spaced arcuate ribs secured to out- ]wardly extending flanges, each of said flanges beingintegrally formed and extending in an axial .direction along the length of said screw means,

adjacent flanges of adjacentsections being held together by fastening members passing through said flanges whereby material is precluded from,

sides and to provide a rigid structure capable of withstandingstresses caused by impact of ma terial against said knife bar. i i

8. In a press of the class having a tubular screen structure and rotary screw means within said structure; a tubular press cagetherefor com-- prising a plurality of mating sections, each section including spaced arcuate ribs secured to outwardly extending flanges, each of said flanges being integrally formed and extending in an axial direction along the length of said) screw means, adjacentflanges of adjacent sectionsbeing held together by fastening members passing through said flanges whereby material is precluded from passing out of said cage along the plane, of contact of said flanges, the inner edge of said ad jacent flanges being recessed; a knife bar seated in said recess and extending in an axial direction along the length of said screw means; and means including fastening members passing through said knife bar and secured to a flangefor holding said knife bar in position; each side of said knife bar being held flush throughout substantially its entire length against a plane surface to preclude 1 passage of material past said sides and to pro-' vide a rigid structure capable of withstanding stresses caused by impact of material against said knife bar.

9. In a press of the class having a tubular screen structure and rotary screw means within said structure; a tubular press cage therefor com-' prising aplurality of mating sections, each section being a unitary structure including a plurality of arcuate spaced apart ribs secured to outwardly extending flanges, each of said flanges being integrally formed and extending in an axial direction along the length of said screw means, adjacent flanges of adjacent sections being held together, the inner edge of a flange being formed with a recess extending substantially the length ofsaid flange and open on the inner side of said flange, said recess being of such shape as to snugly receive the outer part of a knife bar therein; and a knife bar seated snugly inlsaid recess and extending substantially the length of said flange. 10. In a press of the class having a tubular screen structure and rotary screw. means within said structure; atubular press cage therefor comprising a plurality of mating sections, each section being a unitary structure including a plurality of arcuate spaced apart ribs secured to out wardly extending flanges, each of said flanges being integrally formed and extending in an axial direction along the length of said screw means, adjacent flanges of adjacent sections being held together, the inner edge of a flange being formed with a recess extending substantially the length of said flange and open on theinner side of said flange, said recess being of such shape as to snugly receive the outer part of a knife bar therein; a knife bar seated snugly in said recess and extending substantially the length of said flange; and fastening members passing throughsaid knife bar and secured to said flange for holding the knife bar in position.

11. A press cage section including a rigid integrally formed structure of spaced members terminating in flanges spanning the spaces between minatingin' flanges spanning thespaces between the members, the inner edge of a flange being provided with a knife bar recess extending substantially the length of said flange, said recess being open on the inner side of said flange; a knife bar fltting snugly in saidrecess; and fastening members passing through the knife bar securing the :knifebar to saidflange with a side of said knife bar abutting said flange.

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