US20040204422A1 - N-[(Piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds - Google Patents

N-[(Piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds Download PDF

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US20040204422A1
US20040204422A1 US10/413,233 US41323303A US2004204422A1 US 20040204422 A1 US20040204422 A1 US 20040204422A1 US 41323303 A US41323303 A US 41323303A US 2004204422 A1 US2004204422 A1 US 2004204422A1
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alkyl
compound
rac
cycloalkyl
compounds
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US10/413,233
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Wilfried Braje
Andreas Haupt
Wilfried Lubisch
Roland Grandel
Karla Drescher
Herve Geneste
Liliane Unger
Daryl Sauer
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Abbott GmbH and Co KG
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Abbott GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to US10/413,233 priority Critical patent/US20040204422A1/en
Assigned to ABBOTT GMBH & CO. KG reassignment ABBOTT GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SAUER, DARYL R., UNGER, LILIANE, GENESTE, HERVE, DRESCHER, KARLA, GRANDEL, ROLAND, HAUPT, ANDREAS, LUBISCH, WILFRIED, BRAJE, WILFRIED M.
Priority to ES04726985T priority patent/ES2303065T3/en
Priority to EP04726985A priority patent/EP1613596B1/en
Priority to AT04726985T priority patent/ATE388939T1/en
Priority to AU2004228354A priority patent/AU2004228354B2/en
Priority to US10/552,842 priority patent/US20070054918A1/en
Priority to CA2522319A priority patent/CA2522319C/en
Priority to PCT/EP2004/003872 priority patent/WO2004089905A1/en
Priority to CN2004800165672A priority patent/CN1805937B/en
Priority to BRPI0409374-7A priority patent/BRPI0409374A/en
Priority to DE602004012400T priority patent/DE602004012400T2/en
Priority to PL04726985T priority patent/PL1613596T3/en
Priority to MXPA05010986A priority patent/MXPA05010986A/en
Priority to KR1020057019566A priority patent/KR101124911B1/en
Priority to JP2006505100A priority patent/JP4864694B2/en
Priority to NZ543101A priority patent/NZ543101A/en
Publication of US20040204422A1 publication Critical patent/US20040204422A1/en
Priority to IL171421A priority patent/IL171421A/en
Priority to ZA2005/09122A priority patent/ZA200509122B/en
Priority to US13/117,269 priority patent/US8476275B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds.
  • the compounds possess valuable therapeutic properties and are suitable, in particular, for treating diseases which respond to modulation of the dopamine D 3 receptor.
  • Neurons obtain their information by way of G protein-coupled receptors, inter alia. A large number of substances exert their effect by way of these receptors. One of them is dopamine. Confirmed findings exist with regard to the presence of dopamine and its physiological function as a neurotransmitter. Disturbances in the dopaminergic transmitter system result in diseases of the central nervous system which include, for example, schizophrenia, depression and Parkinson's disease. These diseases, and others, are treated with drugs which interact with the dopamine receptors.
  • the dopamine receptors have been divided into two families. On the one hand, there is the D 2 group, consisting of D 2 , D 3 and D 4 receptors, and, on the other hand, the D, group, consisting of D 1 and D 5 receptors. Whereas D 1 and D 2 receptors are widely distributed, D 3 receptors appear to be expressed regioselectively. Thus, these receptors are preferentially to be found in the limbic system and the projection regions of the mesolimbic dopamine system, especially in the nucleus accumbens, but also in other regions, such as the amygdala.
  • D 3 receptors are regarded as being a target having few side-effects and it is assumed that while a selective D 3 ligand would have the properties of known antipsychotics, it would not have their dopamine D 2 receptor-mediated neurological side-effects (P. Sokoloff et al., Localization and Function of the D 3 Dopamine Receptor, Arzneim. Forsch./Drug Res. 42(1), 224 (1992); P. Sokoloff et al. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Dopamine Receptor (D 3 ) as a Target for Neuroleptics, Nature, 347, 146 (1990)).
  • the invention is based on the object of providing compounds which act as selective dopamine D 3 receptor ligands.
  • Q is a bivalent, 6-membered heteroaromatic radical which possesses 1 or 2 N atoms as ring members and which optionally carries one or two substituents R a which is/are selected, independently of each other, from halogen, CN, NO 2 , CO 2 R 4 , COR 5 , C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl;
  • Ar is phenyl or a 6-membered heteroaromatic radical which possesses 1 or 2 N atoms as ring members and which optionally carries one or two substituents R b , which is/are selected from halogen, NO 2 , CN, CO 2 R 4 , COR 5 , C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, with it also being possible for two radicals R b which are bonded to adjacent C atoms of Ar to be together C 3 -C 4 -alkylene;
  • n 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -hydroxyalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 4 -alkenyl or C 3 -C 4 -alkynyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
  • R 4 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; and
  • R 5 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl or benzyl;
  • the present invention therefore relates to N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds of the general formula I, to their N-oxides and to their physiologically tolerated acid addition salts, with the exception of the compounds 4-methyl-N-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide and 4-chloro-N-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds of the general formula I, of their N-oxides and of their acid addition salts for producing a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases which respond to the influence of dopamine-D 3 receptor antagonists or agonists.
  • the diseases which respond to the influence of dopamine D 3 receptor antagonists or agonists include, in particular, disturbances and diseases of the central nervous system, in particular affective disturbances, neurotic disturbances, stress disturbances and somatoform disturbances and psychoses, especially schizophrenia and depression and, in addition, disturbances of kidney function, in particular kidney function disturbances which are caused by diabetes mellitus (see WO 00/67847).
  • At least one compound of the general formula I having the meanings mentioned at the outset is used for treating the abovementioned indications.
  • the compounds of the formula I possess one or more centers of asymmetry, it is also possible to use enantiomeric mixtures, in particular racemates, diastereomeric mixtures and tautomeric mixtures, preferably, however, the respective essentially pure enantiomers, diastereomers and tautomers.
  • physiologically tolerated salts of the compounds of the formula I especially acid addition salts with physiologically tolerated acids.
  • suitable physiologically tolerated organic and inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acids, such as benzenesulfonic acid and toluenesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid and benzoic acid.
  • Other utilizable acids are described in Fort Whitneye der Arzneiffenforschung [Advances in drug research], Volume 10, pages 224 ff., Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel and Stuttgart, 1966.
  • N-oxides of the compounds of the formula I it is likewise possible to use N-oxides of the compounds of the formula I.
  • N-oxides of the compounds of the formula I one or more of the N atoms which is/are ring members, and in particular ring members in the aromatic heterocycles Q and/or Ar, are present as an N-oxide group.
  • Particularly preferred N-oxides exhibit a N-oxide group on one or two of the ring nitrogen atoms of Ar and/or O.
  • halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • C n -C m -Alkyl (in radicals such as alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino etc., as well) is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from n to m carbon atoms, e.g. from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl group examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl and the like.
  • C 1 -C 4 -Haloalkyl is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 C atoms in which all or some, e.g. 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the hydrogen atoms, is/are replaced by halogen atoms, in particular by chlorine or fluorine.
  • Preferred haloalkyl is C 1 -C 2 -fluoroalkyl or C 1 -C 2 -fluorochloroalkyl, in particular CF 3 , CHF 2 , CF 2 Cl, CH 2 F, and CH 2 CF 3 .
  • C 1 -C 4 -Hydroxyalkyl is a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl group which possesses an OH group, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 2-methyl-2-hydroxypropyl etc.
  • C 1 -C 4 -Alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl group which carries a C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy substituent, e.g.
  • C 3 -C 6 -Cycloalkyl is a cycloaliphatic radical having from 3 to 6 C atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • C 3 -C 6 -Cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl group which carries a C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl radical, e.g.
  • C 2 -C 4 -Alkenyl is a singly unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 C-atoms, e.g. vinyl, allyl(2-propen-1-yl), 1-propen-1-yl, 2-propen-2-yl, methallyl(2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl) and the like.
  • C 3 -C 4 -Alkenyl is, in particular, allyl, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yl, 2-buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, methallyl, 2-penten-1-yl, 3-penten-1-yl, 4-penten-1-yl, 1-methylbut-2-en-1-yl or 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-yl.
  • C 3 -C 6 -Alkynyl is a hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 C atoms which possesses a triple bond, e.g. propargyl (2-propyn-1-yl), 1-methylprop-2-yn-1-yl, 2-butyn-1-yl, 3-butyn-1-yl, 2-pentyn-1-yl, 1-pentyn-3-yl, etc.
  • 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals which possess 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms as ring members are, in particular, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridinyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, 2- or 3-pyrazinyl and 3- or 4-pyridazinyl.
  • bivalent, 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals which possess 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms as ring members are, in particular, pyridin-2,4-diyl, pyridin-2,5-diyl, pyridin-2,6-diyl, pyridin-3,5-diyl, pyrimidin-2,4-diyl, pyrimidin-2,5-diyl, pyrimidin-4,6-diyl, pyrazin-2,5-diyl, pyrazin-2,6-diyl, pyridazin-3,6-diyl and pyridazin-3,5-diyl.
  • the heteroaromatic radical Q may be unsubstituted or possess a substituent R a which is selected from halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, in particular from chlorine, methyl and trifluoromethyl. In a preferred embodiment, Q is unsubstituted.
  • Q is preferably a radical of the formula:
  • a 1 , A 2 and A 3 are, independently of each other, N or CH, and one or two of the variables A 1 , A 2 and A 3 can also be C—R a , with A 1 , A 2 and A 3 not simultaneously being N or being simultaneously selected from CH and C—R a .
  • k is 0 or 1 and R a has the previously mentioned meanings.
  • R a is selected from halogen, especially chlorine or fluorine, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, especially methyl, and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, especially trifluoromethyl.
  • the C atom which is located between the atoms A 1 and A 3 preferably carries the piperazinyl radical.
  • k 0.
  • none of the variables A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is C—R a .
  • Preferred radicals Q are those in which A 1 and/or A 3 is/are N, the remaining variable A 1 or A 2 is CH or C—R 1 , A 2 is CH, and the piperazinyl radical is bonded to the C atom which is located between A 1 and A 3 .
  • preference is furthermore given to compound I in which A 1 and A 2 are N and A 3 is CH or C—R a .
  • Q is pyridin-2,5-diyl or pyrimidin-2,5-diyl which are unsubstituted or able to possess a substituent R a which is different from hydrogen.
  • the piperazinyl radical is then preferably arranged in the 2 position.
  • Ar is preferably phenyl or pyridyl which, where appropriate, possesses one or two of the abovementioned substituents R b .
  • substituents R b preference is given to those compounds of formula I in which Ar carries one substituent R b in the para position and, where appropriate, a further substituent R b in the ortho position or metaposition, in each case related to the binding site for the sulfonamide group.
  • the radicals R b may be identical or different.
  • radicals R b in the para position being selected from C 2 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl and, in particular, from branched C 3 -C 6 -alkyl, especially isopropyl or C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, especially cyclopropyl.
  • radical R b which is arranged in the para position of Ar being isopropyl.
  • Preferred radicals R b in the meta position or ortho position are selected from halogen, especially chlorine and fluorine, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, especially methyl, CN, trifluoromethyl and difluoromethyl.
  • R 1 is different from hydrogen, in particular hydrogen and methyl.
  • R 1 is C 2 -C 3 -alkyl, cyclopropylmethyl or, particularly preferably, ethyl, allyl or n-propyl.
  • n is preferably 0 or 1.
  • R 2 is preferably methyl.
  • the group R 2 is preferably bonded to a carbon atom in the piperazine ring which is adjacent to the group R 1 —N.
  • n 0.
  • Particular preference is also given to compounds of the formula I in which it applies that n 1 and R 2 is a methyl group which is bonded to a carbon atom in the piperazine ring which is adjacent to the group R 1 —N.
  • the compounds can then be present as a racemate, as pure enantiomers or as nonracemic mixtures of the enantiomers.
  • particular preference is given to those compounds in which the C atom which carries the methyl group exhibits the S configuration.
  • R 3 is preferably hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and, in particular, hydrogen.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R a and R b have the previously mentioned meanings, in particular the meanings specified as being preferred, and in which A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are, independently of each other, N or CH, and one of the variables A 1 , A 2 and A 3 can also be C—R a , with A 1 , A 2 and A 3 not simultaneously being N or simultaneously being selected from CH and C—R a , and X and Y are selected from CH, C—R b and N, in which R b is halogen, methyl, CN, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl, with X and Y not simultaneously being N or simultaneously being C—R b , and k is 0 or 1.
  • R a has the previously mentioned meanings.
  • R a is selected from halogen, especially chlorine or fluorine, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, especially methyl, and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, especially trifluoromethyl.
  • the C atom which is located between the atoms A 1 and A 3 preferably carries the piperazinyl radical.
  • k 0.
  • none of the variables A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is C—R a .
  • Preferred radicals Q are those in which A 1 and/or A 3 is/are N, the remaining variable A 1 or A 2 is CH or C—R a , A 2 is CH, and the piperazinyl radical is bonded to the C atom which is located between A 1 and A 3 .
  • preference is furthermore given to compound I in which A 1 and A 2 are N and A 3 is CH or C—R a .
  • preference is given to those compounds of the formula Ia in which X or Y is CH or N and, in particular, both are CH.
  • n, X, Y, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R a and R b have the previously mentioned meanings, in particular the meanings specified as being preferred, and q is 0, 1 or 2 and in particular 0.
  • n, X, Y, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R a and R b have the previously mentioned meanings, in particular the meanings specified as being preferred, and q is 0, 1 or 2 and, in particular, 0.
  • Examples of compounds of the formula Ia.1 are the compounds of the following general formulae Ia.1a, Ia.1b, Ia.1c, Ia.1d, Ia.1e, Ia.1f and Ia.1g:
  • R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 3 , X, Y and R b have the meanings specified in one line in Table 1.
  • Examples of compounds of the formula Ia.2 are the compounds of the following general formulae Ia.2a, Ia.2b and Ia.2c:
  • R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 2c , R 3 , X, Y and R b have the meanings specified in one line in Table 1: TABLE 1 No. R 1 R 2a R 2b R 2c R 3 X Y R b 1. H H H H H CH CH CH(CH 3 ) 2 2. CH 3 H H H H CH CH CH(CH 3 ) 2 3. CH 2 CH 3 H H H H CH CH CH(CH 3 ) 2 4. CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 H H H H CH CH CH(CH 3 ) 2 5. CH 2 —c—C 3 H 5 H H H H CH CH CH(CH 3 ) 2 6. CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 H H H H CH CH CH(CH 3 ) 2 7.
  • R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 2c , R 3 , X, Y and R b have the meanings specified in one line in Table 1.
  • n, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , Ar and 0 have the previously mentioned meanings.
  • X is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, in particular a halogen atom and, especially, chlorine or bromine.
  • the reaction depicted in scheme 1 takes place under the reaction conditions which are customary for preparing arylsulfonamide compounds and which are described, for example, in European J. Org. Chem. 2002 (13), pp. 2094-2108, Tetrahedron 2001, 57 (27) pp. 5885-5895, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2000, 10(8), pp. 835-838 and Synthesis 2000 (1), pp. 103-108.
  • the reaction customarily takes place in an inert solvent, for example in an ether, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, a halohydrocarbon, such as dichloromethane, an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, such as pentane, hexane or cyclohexane, or an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, xylene, cumene and the like, or in a mixture of the abovementioned solvents.
  • an ether such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran
  • a halohydrocarbon such as dichloromethane
  • an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon such as pentane, hexane or cyclohexane
  • Suitable bases are inorganic bases, such as sodiumcarbonate or potassiumcarbonate, or sodiumhydrogencarbonate or potassiumhydrogencarbonate, and organic bases, for example trialkylamines, such as triethylamine, or pyridine compounds, such as pyridine, lutidine and the like. The latter compounds can at the same time serve as solvents.
  • the auxiliary base is customarily employed in at least equimolar quantities, based on the amine compound II.
  • R 1 has the meanings different from hydrogen which are specified for R 1 or is a suitable protecting group. Suitable protecting groups are disclosed, for example, in P. Kocienski, Protecting Groups, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, Chapter 6.
  • Y is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, in particular a halogen atom, e.g. chlorine or bromine, or an alkylsulfonyl group, e.g. methylsulfonyl.
  • step a) in scheme 2 takes place under the reaction conditions which are customary for a nucleophilic substitution on an aromatic radical and which are described, for example, in Tetrahedron 1999, 55(33), pp. 10243-10252, J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40(22), pp. 3679-3686 and Synthetic Communications, 1993, 23(5), pp. 591-599.
  • it can be advantageous to convert a ring nitrogen atom in the Q group into its N-oxide see, for example, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.,2002 41 (11), pp 1937-1940, J. Med. Chem. 1985, 28(2), pp. 248-252 and Tetrahedron Lett.
  • the coupling is also achieved under palladium catalysis in the presence of an auxiliary base, for example an alkali metal carbonate such as cesium carbonate.
  • an auxiliary base for example an alkali metal carbonate such as cesium carbonate.
  • palladium catalysts in this connection are palladium(0) compounds or palladium compounds which are able to form a palladium(0) compound under reaction conditions, e.g. palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), advantageously in combination with phosphine ligands, e.g.
  • triarylphosphines such as triphenylphosphine, trialkylphosphines, such as tributylphosphine, and cycloalkylphosphines, such as tricyclohexylphosphine, and, especially, using phosphine chelate ligands, such as 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl.
  • phosphine chelate ligands such as 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl.
  • step b) the nitro group in VI is reduced to the NH 2 group in II.
  • step c) the NH 2 group can be converted into a —NR 3 H group, in which R 3 has the meanings different from hydrogen which are specified for R 3 .
  • reaction conditions which are required for step b) correspond to the customary conditions for reducing aromatic nitro groups which have been described extensively in the literature (see, for example, J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed., J. Wiley & Sons, New-York, 1985, p. 1183 and the literature cited in this reference).
  • the reduction is achieved, for example, by reacting the nitro compound VII with a metal such as iron, zinc or tin under acidic reaction conditions, i.e. using nascent hydrogen, or using a complex hydride such as lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride, preferably in the presence of transition metal compounds of nickel or cobalt such as NiCl 2 (P(phenyl) 3 ) 2 , or CoCl 2 , (see Ono et al. Chem. Ind. (London), 1983 p.480), or using NaBH 2 S 3 (see Lalancette et al. Can. J. Chem. 49, 1971, p.
  • the reduction of VI to II can be carried out with hydrogen in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, e.g. using hydrogen in the presence of catalysts based on platinum, palladium, nickel, ruthenium or rhodium.
  • the catalysts can contain the transition metal in elemental form or in the form of a complex compound, of a salt or of an oxide of the transition metal, with it being possible, for the purpose of modifying the activity, to use customary coligands, e.g.
  • organic phosphine compounds such as triphenylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine or tri-n-butylphosphines or phosphites.
  • the catalyst is customarily employed in quantities of from 0.001 to 1 mol per mol of compound VI, calculated as catalyst metal.
  • the reduction is effected using tin(II) chloride in analogy with the methods described in Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2002, 12(15), pp. 1917-1919 and J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45(21), pp. 4679-4688.
  • the reaction of VI with tin(II) chloride is preferably carried out in an inert organic solvent, preferably an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or butanol.
  • the reaction conditions which are required for this are disclosed, for example, in WO 02/83652, Tetrahedron 2000, 56(38) pp. 7553-7560 and Synlett. 2000 (4), pp. 475-480.
  • n, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , Ar and Q have the previously mentioned meanings.
  • Y is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, in particular a halogen atom, e.g. chlorine or bromine, or an alkylsulfonyl group, e.g. methylsulfonyl.
  • the reaction of VII with VIII, as depicted in scheme 3, takes place under the reaction conditions specified for scheme 2, step a).
  • Compounds of the general formula I are known or can be prepared in analogy with the methods known from the literature.
  • n, R 2 , R 3 , Ar and Q have the previously mentioned meaning.
  • triarylphosphines such as triphenylphosphine, trialkylphosphines, such as tributylphosphine, and cycloalkylphosphines, such as tricyclohexylphosphine, and especially with phosphine chelate ligands, such as 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl or 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, using methods known from the literature (with regard to eliminating N-allyl in the presence of mercaptobenzoic acid, see WO 94/24088; with regard to eliminating in the presence of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, see J.
  • N-allyl as depicted in scheme 4 step a), can also be effected by reacting in the presence of rhodium compounds, such as tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I), using methods known from the literature (see J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Transaction I: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry 1999 (21) pp. 3089-3104 and Tetrahedron Asymmetry 1997, 8(20), pp. 3387-3391).
  • rhodium compounds such as tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I
  • R 1 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and X is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, e.g.
  • reaction conditions which are required for the alkylation in step b) have been adequately disclosed, e.g. in Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Lett. 2002, 12(7), pp. 2443-2446 and also 2002, 12(5), pp. 1917-1919.
  • step b) The conversion, as depicted in scheme 4, step b), of the piperazine compound I [R 1 ⁇ H] obtained in step a) can also be achieved, in the sense of a reductive amination, by reacting I [R 1 ⁇ H] with a suitable ketone or aldehyde in the presence of a reducing agent, e.g. in the presence of a borohydride such as sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
  • a suitable ketone or aldehyde in the presence of a reducing agent, e.g. in the presence of a borohydride such as sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
  • a borohydride such as sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
  • the skilled person is familiar with the reaction conditions which are required for a reductive amination, e.
  • step b) The conversion, as depicted in scheme 4, step b), of the piperazine compound I [R 1 ⁇ H] obtained in step a) can also be achieved by successive acylation and subsequent reduction of the acylation product, using the method depicted in scheme 4a:
  • n, R 2 , R 3 , Ar and 0 have the previously mentioned meanings.
  • the acylation in step a) and the reduction in step b) are effected using standard methods of organic chemistry as are described, for example, in J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed. J. Wiley & Sons, New York 1985, p.370 and 373 (acylation) and p. 1099 f. and in the literature cited in this publication (with regard to acylation, see also Synth. Commun. 1986, 16, p. 267, and with regard to reduction, see also J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1979, 16, p. 1525).
  • the halogen atom can be converted into an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl or cycloalkylalkyl group using methods which are known per se.
  • the conversion is achieved by coupling the halo compound I to an alkyl-, alkenyl-, alkynyl-, cycloalkyl- or cycloalkylalkyl-boronic acid compound under the conditions of a Suzuki coupling as is described, for example, in Tetrahedron Left. 2002, 43, pp. 6987-6990; Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, pp. 2457-2483 and J. Org. Chem. 66(21) (2001), pp. 7124-7128.
  • the above-described reactions are generally carried out in a solvent at temperatures between room temperature and the boiling temperature of the solvent employed.
  • the activation energy which is required for the reaction can be introduced into the reaction mixture using microwaves, something which has proved to be of value, in particular, in the case of the reactions catalyzed by transition metals (with regard to reactions using microwaves, see Tetrahedron 2001, 57, p. 9199 ff. p. 9225 ff. and also, in a general manner, “Microwaves in Organic Synthesis”, André Loupy (Ed.), Wiley-VCH 2002.
  • solvents which can be used are ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, aprotic polar solvent, such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethoxyethane, and acetonitrile, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene and xylene, ketones, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, halohydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane and dichloroethane, esters, such as ethyl acetate and methyl butyrate, carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid or propionic acid, and alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol and butanol.
  • ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl
  • Suitable bases include inorganic bases, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate, and, in addition, alkoxides, such as sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide, alkali metal hydrides, such as sodium hydride, and also organometallic compounds, such as butyllithium compounds or alkylmagnesium compounds, or organic nitrogen bases, such as triethylamine or pyridine.
  • alkoxides such as sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide
  • alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride
  • organometallic compounds such as butyllithium compounds or alkylmagnesium compounds
  • organic nitrogen bases such as triethylamine or pyridine.
  • the crude product is isolated in a customary manner, for example by filtering, distilling off the solvent or extracting from the reaction mixture, etc.
  • the resulting compounds can be purified in a customary manner, for example by means of recrystallizing from a solvent, by means of chromatography or by means of converting into an acid addition salt.
  • the acid addition salts are prepared in a customary manner by mixing the free base with a corresponding acid, where appropriate in solution in an organic solvent, for example a lower alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol or propanol, an ether, such as methyl tert-butyl ether or diisopropyl ether, a ketone, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, or an ester, such as ethyl acetate.
  • an organic solvent for example a lower alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol or propanol, an ether, such as methyl tert-butyl ether or diisopropyl ether, a ketone, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, or an ester, such as ethyl acetate.
  • the compounds according to the invention of the formula I are highly selective dopamine D 3 receptor ligands which, because of their low affinity for other receptors such as D 1 receptors, D 4 receptors, ⁇ 1-adrenergic and/or ⁇ 2-adrenergic receptors, muscarinergic receptors, histamine receptors, opiate receptors and, in particular, dopamine D 2 receptors, give rise to fewer side-effects than do the classic neuroleptics, which are D 2 receptor antagonists.
  • the high affinity of the compounds according to the invention for D 3 receptors is reflected in very low in-vitro K i values of as a rule less than 100 nM (nmol/l), in particular less than 50 nM and, in particular, of less than 10 nM.
  • the displacement of [ 125 I]-iodosulpride can, for example, be used in receptor binding studies for determining binding affinities for D 3 receptors.
  • the selectivity K i (D 2 )/K i (D 3 ) of the compounds according to the invention is as a rule at least 10, preferably at least 30, even better at least 50 and particularly advantageously at least 100.
  • the displacement of [ 3 H]SCH23390, [1251] iodosulpride or [ 125 I] spiperone can be used, for example, for carrying out receptor binding studies on D 1 , D 2 and D 4 receptors.
  • the compounds can be used for treating diseases which respond to dopamine D 3 ligands, i.e. they are effective for treating those disturbances or diseases in which exerting an influence on (modulating) the dopamine D 3 receptors leads to an improvement in the clinical picture or to the disease being cured.
  • diseases which respond to dopamine D 3 ligands, i.e. they are effective for treating those disturbances or diseases in which exerting an influence on (modulating) the dopamine D 3 receptors leads to an improvement in the clinical picture or to the disease being cured.
  • these diseases are disturbances or diseases of the central nervous system.
  • Disturbances or diseases of the central nervous system are understood as meaning disturbances which affect the spinal chord and, in particular, the brain.
  • the term “disturbance” denotes anomalies which are as a rule regarded as being pathological conditions or functions and which can manifest themselves in the form of particular signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions.
  • the treatment according to the invention can be directed toward individual disturbances, i.e. anomalies or pathological conditions, it is also possible for several anomalies, which may be causatively linked to each other, to be combined into patterns, i.e. syndromes, which can be treated in accordance with the invention.
  • the disturbances which can be treated in accordance with the invention are, in particular, psychiatric and neurological disturbances.
  • These disturbances include, in particular, organic disturbances, including symptomatic disturbances, such as psychoses of the acute exogenous reaction type or attendant psychoses of organic or exogenous cause, e.g., in association with metabolic disturbances, infections and endocrinopathogies; endogenous psychoses, such as schizophrenia and schizotype and delusional disturbances; affective disturbances, such as depressions, mania and/or manic-depressive conditions; and also mixed forms of the above-described disturbances; neurotic and somatoform disturbances and also disturbances in association with stress; dissociative disturbances, e.g.
  • psychiatric disturbances such as behavioral disturbances and emotional disturbances whose onset lies in childhood and youth, e.g. hyperactivity in children, intellectual deficits, in particular attention disturbances (attention deficit disorders), memory disturbances and cognitive disturbances, e.g. impaired learning and memory (impaired cognitive function), dementia, narcolepsy and sleep disturbances, e.g. restless legs syndrome; development disturbances; anxiety states, delirium; sexlife disturbances, e.g. impotence in men; eating disturbances, e.g. anorexia or bulimia; addiction; and other unspecified psychiatric disturbances.
  • attention disturbances attention disturbances
  • memory disturbances and cognitive disturbances e.g. impaired learning and memory (impaired cognitive function)
  • dementia narcolepsy and sleep disturbances, e.g. restless legs syndrome
  • development disturbances anxiety states, delirium; sexlife disturbances, e.g. impotence in men; eating disturbances, e.g. an
  • the disturbances which can be treated in accordance with the invention also include Parkinson's disease and epilepsy and, in particular, the affective disturbances connected thereto.
  • the addiction diseases include psychic disturbances and behavioral disturbances which are caused by the abuse of psychotropic substances, such as pharmaceuticals or narcotics, and also other addiction diseases, such as addiction to gaming (impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified).
  • addictive substances are: opioids (e.g. morphine, heroin and codeine), ***e; nicotine; alcohol; substances which interact with the GABA chloride channel complex, sedatives, hypnotics and tranquilizers, for example benzodiazepines; LSD; cannabinoids; psychomotor stimulants, such as 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (ecstasy); amphetamine and amphetamine-like substances such as methylphenidate and other stimulants including caffeine.
  • Addictive substances which come particularly into consideration are opioids, ***e, amphetamine or amphetamine-like substances, nicotine and alcohol.
  • the compounds according to the invention are suitable for treating disturbances whose causes can at least partially be attributed to an anomalous activity of dopamine D 3 receptors.
  • the treatment is directed, in particular, toward those disturbances which can be influenced, within the sense of an expedient medicinal treatment, by the binding of preferably exogeneously administered binding partners (ligands) to dopamine D 3 receptors.
  • ligands binding partners
  • the diseases which can be treated with the compounds according to the invention are frequently characterized by progressive development, i.e. the above-described conditions change over the course of time; as a rule, the severity increases and conditions may possibly merge into each other or other conditions may appear in addition to those which already exist.
  • the compounds according to the invention can be used to treat a large number of signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions which are connected with the disturbances of the central nervous system and, in particular, the abovementioned conditions.
  • signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions include, for example, a disturbed relationship to reality, lack of insight and ability to meet customary social norms or the demands made by life, changes in temperament, changes in individual drives, such as hunger, sleep, thirst, etc., and in mood, disturbances in the ability to observe and combine, changes in personality, in particular emotional lability, hallucinations, ego-disturbances, distractedness, ambivalence, autism, depersonalization and false perceptions, delusional ideas, chanting speech, lack of synkinesia, short-step gait, flexed posture of trunk and limbs, tremor, poverty of facial expression, monotonous speech, depressions, apathy, impeded spontaneity and decisiveness, impoverished association ability, anxiety, nervous agitation, stammering, social
  • Huntington's chorea and Gilles-de-la-Tourette's syndrome vertigo syndromes, e.g. peripheral positional, rotational and oscillatory vertigo, melancholia, hysteria, hypochondria and the like.
  • a treatment also includes a preventive treatment (prophylaxis), in particular as relapse prophylaxis or phase prophylaxis, as well as the treatment of acute or chronic signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions.
  • the treatment can be orientated symptomatically, for example as the suppression of symptoms. It can be effected over a short period, be orientated over the medium term or can be a long-term treatment, for example within the context of a maintenance therapy.
  • the compounds according to the invention are preferentially suitable for treating diseases of the central nervous system, in particular for treating affective disturbances; neurotic disturbances, stress disturbances and somatoform disturbances and psychoses, and, in particular, for treating schizophrenia and depression. Because of their high selectivity with regard to the D 3 receptor, the compounds I according to the invention are also suitable for treating disturbances of kidney function, in particular disturbances of kidney function which are caused by diabetes mellitus (see WO 00/67847) and, especially, diabetic nephropathy.
  • the use according to the invention of the described compounds involves a method.
  • an effective quantity of one or more compounds is administered to the individual to be treated, preferably a mammal, in particular a human being, productive animal or domestic animal.
  • a mammal in particular a human being, productive animal or domestic animal.
  • the treatment is effected by means of single or repeated daily administration, where appropriate together, or alternating, with other active compounds or active compound-containing preparations such that a daily dose of preferably from about 0.1 to 1000 mg/kg of bodyweight, in the case of oral administration, or of from about 0.1 to 100 mg/kg of bodyweight, in the case of parenteral administration, is supplied to an individual to be treated.
  • the invention also relates to the production of pharmaceutical compositions for treating an individual, preferably a mammal, in particular a human being, productive animal or domestic animal.
  • the ligands are customarily administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions which comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient together with at least one ligand according to the invention and, where appropriate, other active compounds.
  • These compositions can, for example, be administered orally, rectally, transdermally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly or intranasally.
  • suitable pharmaceutical formulations are solid medicinal forms, such as powders, granules, tablets, in particular film tablets, lozenges, sachets, cachets, sugar-coated tablets, capsules, such as hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules, suppositories or vaginal medicinal forms, semisolid medicinal forms, such as ointments, creams, hydrogels, pastes or plasters, and also liquid medicinal forms, such as solutions, emulsions, in particular oil-in-water emulsions, suspensions, for example lotions, injection preparations and infusion preparations, and eyedrops and eardrops. Implanted release devices can also be used for administering inhibitors according to the invention.
  • inhibitors according to the invention are usually mixed or diluted with an excipient.
  • Excipients can be solid, semisolid or liquid materials which serve as vehicles, carriers or medium for the active compound.
  • Suitable excipients are listed in the specialist medicinal monographs.
  • the formulations can comprise pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or customary auxiliary substances, such as glidants; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preservatives; antioxidants; antiirritants; chelating agents; coating auxiliaries; emulsion stabilizers; film formers; gel formers; odor masking agents; taste corrigents; resin; hydrocolloids; solvents; solubilizers; neutralizing agents; diffusion accelerators; pigments; quaternary ammonium compounds; refatting and overfatting agents; raw materials for ointments, creams or oils; silicone derivatives; spreading auxiliaries; stabilizers; sterilants; suppository bases; tablet auxiliaries, such as binders, fillers, glidants, disintegrants or coatings; propellants; drying agents; opacifiers; thickeners; waxes; plasticizers and white mineral oils.
  • glidants such as bind
  • a formulation in this regard is based on specialist knowledge as described, for example, in Fiedler, H. P., Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe für Pharmazie, Kosmetik und angrenzende füre [Encyclopedia of auxiliary substances for pharmacy, cosmetics and related fields], 4 th edition, Aulendorf: ECV-Editio-Kantor-Verlag, 1996.
  • the magnetic nuclear resonance spectral properties refer to the chemical shifts ( ⁇ ) expressed in parts per million (ppm).
  • the relative area of the shifts in the 1 H NMR spectrum corresponds to the number, of hydrogen atoms for a particular functional type in the molecule.
  • the nature of the shift, as regards multiplicity, is indicated as singlet (s), broad singlet (s. br.), doublet (d), broad doublet (d br.), triplet (t), broad triplet (t br.), quartet (q), quintet (quint.) and multiplet (m).
  • the aqueous phase was made alkaline (pH 9-10) with a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and then extracted twice with diethyl ether.
  • the drying agent had been filtered off and the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness
  • the resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel using cyclohexane/ethyl acetate (45:55% to 100% ethyl acetate). The filtrate was evaporated down to dryness.
  • the resulting residue was thoroughly stirred in 10 ml of heptane, filtered off in suction and dried, with 1.93 g (61% of theory) of the title compound being obtained.
  • Example 1.3 was repeated with 4-ethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride being used instead of 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride.
  • the resulting reaction product was converted into the hydrochloride with ethereal hydrochloric acid, with 480 mg (please complete) of the title compound being obtained.
  • Example 1.3 was repeated with 4-vinylbenzenesulfonyl chloride being used instead of 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride.
  • the resulting reaction product was converted into the hydrochloride with ethereal hydrochloric acid, with 300 mg of the title compound being obtained.
  • the aqueous phase was then made alkaline, to pH>11, with a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and subsequently extracted three times with dichloromethane. After that, the aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 8-9, saturated with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and, after that, extracted several times with dichloromethane. 840 mg (82% of theory) of the title compound were obtained after the combined organic phases had been dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent had been filtered and evaporated down to dryness.
  • the resulting residue was taken up in water and this mixture was made to pH>11 with a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. After that, the aqueous reaction mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. After the organic phase had been dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent had been filtered and evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was converted into the hydrochloride with ethereal hydrochloric acid, resulting in 156 mg (76% of theory) of the title compound.
  • the aqueous phase was made alkaline, to pH 9-10, using a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and then extracted twice with diethyl ether. After the combined organic phases had been dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent had been filtered and evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography (cyclohexane/ethylacetate from 50:50 to 20:80). After that, the filtrate was evaporated down to dryness. The resulting residue was converted into the hydrochloride using ethereal hydrochloric acid, with 417 mg (74% of theory) of the title compound being obtained.
  • the aqueous phase was made alkaline, to pH 9-10, using a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and then extracted twice with ethyl acetate. After the combined organic phases had been dried over sodium sulfate, the drying agent had been filtered off and the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel using ethyl acetate. After the solvent had been removed, the resulting residue was brought into solution using a little diethyl ether in dichloromethane and then converted into the hydrochloride using ethereal hydrochloric acid. 415 mg (44% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.
  • the aqueous phase was made alkaline to pH 9-10, using a 1N solution of sodium hydroxide and then extracted three times with diethyl ether.
  • the combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate.
  • the residue which was obtained after filtering off the drying agent and evaporating the solvent down to dryness was thoroughly stirred with a mixture composed of heptane and diethyl ether, filtered off with suction and dried, with 71 mg (18% of theory) of the title compound being obtained.
  • reaction mixture After the reaction mixture had cooled down to room temperature, it was diluted with 150 ml of water, neutralized with citric acid and extracted three times with diethyl ether. The residue, which was obtained after drying with sodium sulfate and after removing the solvent, was dissolved in 100 ml of diethyl ether and extracted with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The aqueous phase was acidified and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phase was dried, filtered and evaporated down to dryness, with 440 mg (28% of theory) of the title compound being obtained.
  • the resulting residue was treated with water and the mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate. Because the phases only separated poorly, the finely divided solid was filtered off. The aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. After the combined organic phases had been dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent had been filtered and evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography.
  • Tablets of the following composition are pressed on a tablet press in the customary manner: 40 mg of substance from Example 2 120 mg of corn starch 13.5 mg of gelatin 45 mg of lactose 2.25 mg of Aerosil ® (chemically pure silicic acid in submicroscopically fine dispersion) 6.75 mg of potato starch (as a 6% paste)
  • the core composition consists of 9 parts of corn starch, 3 parts of lactose and 1 part of 60:40 vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • the saccharification composition consists of 5 parts of cane sugar, 2 parts of corn starch, 2 parts of calcium carbonate and 1 part of talc.
  • the sugar-coated tablets which had been prepared in this way are subsequently provided with a gastric juice-resistant coating.
  • the substance to be tested was either dissolved in methanol/Chremophor®) (BASF-AG) or in dimethyl sulfoxide and then diluted with water to the desired concentration.
  • the assay mixture (0.250 ml) was composed of membranes derived from ⁇ 106 HEK-293 cells possessing stably expressed human dopamine D 3 receptors, 0.1 nM [ 125 1]-iodosulpride and incubation buffer (total binding) or, in addition, test substance (inhibition curve) or 1 ⁇ M spiperone (nonspecific binding). Each assay mixture was run in triplicate.
  • the incubation buffer contained 50 mM tris, 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl 2 , 2 mM MgCl 2 and 0.1% bovine serum albumin, 10 ⁇ M quinolone and 0.1% ascorbic acid (prepared fresh daily).
  • the buffer was adjusted to pH 7.4 with HCl.
  • the assay mixture (1 ml) was composed of membranes from ⁇ 10 6 HEK-293 cells possessing stably expressed human dopamine D 2L receptors (long isoform) and 0.01 nM [ 125 I] iodospiperone and incubation buffer (total binding) or, in addition, test substance (inhibition curve) or 1 ⁇ M haloperidol (nonspecific binding). Each assay mixture was run in triplicate.
  • the incubation buffer contained 50 mM tris, 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl 2 , 2 mM MgCl 2 and 0.1% bovine serum albumin.
  • the buffer was adjusted to pH 7.4 with HCl.
  • the assay mixtures were filtered through a Wathman GF/B glass fiber filter under vacuum using a cell collecting device.
  • the filters were transferred to scintillation viols using a filter transfer system.
  • 4 ml of Ultima Gold® (Packard) have been added, the samples were shaken for one hour and the radioactivity was then counted in a Beta-Counter (Packard, Tricarb 2000 or 2200CA).
  • the cpm values were converted into dpm using a standard quench series and the program belonging to the instrument.

Abstract

The invention relates to N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds of the general formula I
Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00001
in which
Q is a bivalent, 6-membered heteroaromatic radical which possesses 1 or 2 N atoms as ring members and which optionally carries one or two substituents Ra which is/are selected, independently of each other, from halogen, CN, NO2, CO2R4, COR5, C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl;
Ar is phenyl or a 6-membered heteroaromatic radical which possesses 1 or 2 N atoms as ring members and which optionally carries one or two substituents Rb, which is/are selected from halogen, NO2, CN, CO2R4, COR5, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl, with it also being possible for two radicals Rb which are bonded to adjacent C atoms of Ar to be together C3-C4-alkylene;
R1 is hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-hydroxyalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-alkenyl or C3-C4-alkynyl;
with the radicals n, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 having the meanings given in the patent claims, to the N-oxides and to the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts of these compounds and to pharmaceutical compositions which comprise at least one N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compound as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10 and/or at least one physiologically tolerated acid addition salt of I and/or an N-oxide of I, where appropraite together with physiologically accpetable carriers and/or auxiliary substances for treating diseases which respond to influencing by dopamine D3 receptor antagonists or agonists, in particular for treating diseases of the central nervous system and disturbances of kidney function.

Description

  • The present invention relates to novel N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds. The compounds possess valuable therapeutic properties and are suitable, in particular, for treating diseases which respond to modulation of the dopamine D[0001] 3 receptor.
  • Neurons obtain their information by way of G protein-coupled receptors, inter alia. A large number of substances exert their effect by way of these receptors. One of them is dopamine. Confirmed findings exist with regard to the presence of dopamine and its physiological function as a neurotransmitter. Disturbances in the dopaminergic transmitter system result in diseases of the central nervous system which include, for example, schizophrenia, depression and Parkinson's disease. These diseases, and others, are treated with drugs which interact with the dopamine receptors. [0002]
  • Up until 1990, two subtypes of dopamine receptor had been clearly defined pharmacologically, namely the D[0003] 1 and D2 receptors. More recently, a third subtype was found, namely the D3 receptor which appears to mediate some effects of antipsychotics and antiparkinsonians (J. C. Schwartz et al., The Dopamine D3 Receptor as a Target for Antipsychotics, in Novel Antipsychotic Drugs, H. Y. Meltzer, Ed. Raven Press, New York 1992, pages 135-144; M. Dooley et al., Drugs and Aging 1998, 12, 495-514, J. N. Joyce, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2001, 90, pp. 231-59 “The Dopamine D3 Receptor as a Therapeutic Target for Antipsychotic and Antiparkinsonian Drugs”).
  • Since then, the dopamine receptors have been divided into two families. On the one hand, there is the D[0004] 2 group, consisting of D2, D3 and D4 receptors, and, on the other hand, the D, group, consisting of D1 and D5 receptors. Whereas D1 and D2 receptors are widely distributed, D3 receptors appear to be expressed regioselectively. Thus, these receptors are preferentially to be found in the limbic system and the projection regions of the mesolimbic dopamine system, especially in the nucleus accumbens, but also in other regions, such as the amygdala. Because of this comparatively regioselective expression, D3 receptors are regarded as being a target having few side-effects and it is assumed that while a selective D3 ligand would have the properties of known antipsychotics, it would not have their dopamine D2 receptor-mediated neurological side-effects (P. Sokoloff et al., Localization and Function of the D3 Dopamine Receptor, Arzneim. Forsch./Drug Res. 42(1), 224 (1992); P. Sokoloff et al. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Dopamine Receptor (D3) as a Target for Neuroleptics, Nature, 347, 146 (1990)).
  • Compounds having an affinity for the dopamine D[0005] 3 receptor have been described in the prior art on various occasions, e.g. in WO 96/02519, WO 96/02520, WO 96/02249, WO 96/02246 and DE 10131543 and WO 99/02503. Some of these compounds possess high affinities for the dopamine D3 receptor. They have therefore been proposed as being suitable for treating diseases of the central nervous system. Some of the compounds described in these publications possess a piperazinylhetaryl structure.
  • The invention is based on the object of providing compounds which act as selective dopamine D[0006] 3 receptor ligands.
  • This object is achieved by means of N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds of the general formula I [0007]
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00002
  • in which [0008]
  • Q is a bivalent, 6-membered heteroaromatic radical which possesses 1 or 2 N atoms as ring members and which optionally carries one or two substituents R[0009] a which is/are selected, independently of each other, from halogen, CN, NO2, CO2R4, COR5, C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl;
  • Ar is phenyl or a 6-membered heteroaromatic radical which possesses 1 or 2 N atoms as ring members and which optionally carries one or two substituents R[0010] b, which is/are selected from halogen, NO2, CN, CO2R4, COR5, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl, with it also being possible for two radicals Rb which are bonded to adjacent C atoms of Ar to be together C3-C4-alkylene;
  • n is 0, 1 or 2; [0011]
  • R[0012] 1 is hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-hydroxyalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-alkenyl or C3-C4-alkynyl;
  • R[0013] 2 is C1-C4-alkyl or, together with R1, is C2-C5-alkylene or, in the case of n=2, the two radicals R2 can together be C1-C4-alkylene;
  • R[0014] 3 is hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl;
  • R[0015] 4 is C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; and
  • R[0016] 5 is hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, phenyl or benzyl;
  • the N-oxides thereof and the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts of these compounds. [0017]
  • These compounds have not previously been described, with the exception of 4-methyl-N-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide and 4-chloro-N-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide, which are offered for sale by Ambinter, Paris, as test substances for exploratory libraries. [0018]
  • The present invention therefore relates to N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds of the general formula I, to their N-oxides and to their physiologically tolerated acid addition salts, with the exception of the compounds 4-methyl-N-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide and 4-chloro-N-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide. [0019]
  • The present invention also relates to the use of N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds of the general formula I, of their N-oxides and of their acid addition salts for producing a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases which respond to the influence of dopamine-D[0020] 3 receptor antagonists or agonists.
  • The diseases which respond to the influence of dopamine D[0021] 3 receptor antagonists or agonists include, in particular, disturbances and diseases of the central nervous system, in particular affective disturbances, neurotic disturbances, stress disturbances and somatoform disturbances and psychoses, especially schizophrenia and depression and, in addition, disturbances of kidney function, in particular kidney function disturbances which are caused by diabetes mellitus (see WO 00/67847).
  • According to the invention, at least one compound of the general formula I having the meanings mentioned at the outset is used for treating the abovementioned indications. Provided the compounds of the formula I possess one or more centers of asymmetry, it is also possible to use enantiomeric mixtures, in particular racemates, diastereomeric mixtures and tautomeric mixtures, preferably, however, the respective essentially pure enantiomers, diastereomers and tautomers. [0022]
  • It is likewise possible to use physiologically tolerated salts of the compounds of the formula I, especially acid addition salts with physiologically tolerated acids. Examples of suitable physiologically tolerated organic and inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, C[0023] 1-C4-alkylsulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acids, such as benzenesulfonic acid and toluenesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid and benzoic acid. Other utilizable acids are described in Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung [Advances in drug research], Volume 10, pages 224 ff., Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel and Stuttgart, 1966.
  • It is likewise possible to use N-oxides of the compounds of the formula I. In the N-oxides of the compounds of the formula I, one or more of the N atoms which is/are ring members, and in particular ring members in the aromatic heterocycles Q and/or Ar, are present as an N-oxide group. Preference is given to those N-oxides of the formula I in which the ring nitrogen atoms in the piperazine ring do not form any N-oxide group. Particularly preferred N-oxides exhibit a N-oxide group on one or two of the ring nitrogen atoms of Ar and/or O. [0024]
  • Here and in that which follows, halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. [0025]
  • C[0026] n-Cm-Alkyl (in radicals such as alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino etc., as well) is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from n to m carbon atoms, e.g. from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of an alkyl group are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl and the like.
  • C[0027] 1-C4-Haloalkyl is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 C atoms in which all or some, e.g. 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the hydrogen atoms, is/are replaced by halogen atoms, in particular by chlorine or fluorine. Preferred haloalkyl is C1-C2-fluoroalkyl or C1-C2-fluorochloroalkyl, in particular CF3, CHF2, CF2Cl, CH2F, and CH2CF3.
  • C[0028] 1-C4-Hydroxyalkyl is a C1-C4-alkyl group which possesses an OH group, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 2-methyl-2-hydroxypropyl etc.
  • C[0029] 1-C4-Alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl is a C1-C4-alkyl group which carries a C1-C4-alkoxy substituent, e.g. methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 1-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, n-propoxymethyl, isopropoxymethyl, n-butoxymethyl, (1-methylpropoxy)methyl, (2-methylpropoxy)methyl, CH2—OC(CH3)3, 2-(methoxy)ethyl, 2-(ethoxy)ethyl, 2-(n-propoxy)ethyl, 2-(1-methylethoxy)ethyl, 2-(n-butoxy)ethyl, 2-(1-methylpropoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-methylpropoxy)ethyl, 2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)ethyl, 2-(methoxy)propyl, 2-(ethoxy)propyl, 2-(n-propoxy)propyl, 2-(1-methylethoxy)propyl, 2-(n-butoxy)propyl, 2-(1-methylpropoxy)propyl, 2-(2-methylpropoxy)propyl, 2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)propyl, 3-(methoxy)propyl, 3-(ethoxy)propyl, 3-(n-propoxy)propyl, 3-(1-methylethoxy)propyl, 3-(n-butoxy)propyl, 3-(1-methylpropoxy)propyl, 3-(2-methylpropoxy)propyl, 3-(1,11-dimethylethoxy)propyl, 2-(methoxy)butyl, 2-(ethoxy)butyl, 2-(n-propoxy)butyl, 2-(1-methylethoxy)butyl, 2-(n-butoxy)butyl, 2-(1-methylpropoxy)butyl, 2-(2-methylpropoxy)butyl, 2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)butyl, 3-(methoxy)butyl, 3-(ethoxy)butyl, 3-(n-propoxy)butyl, 3-(1-methylethoxy)butyl, 3-(n-butoxy)butyl, 3-(1-methylpropoxy)butyl, 3-(2-methylpropoxy)butyl, 3-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)butyl, 4-(methoxy)butyl, 4-(ethoxy)butyl, 4-(n-propoxy)butyl, 4-(1-methylethoxy)butyl, 4-(n-butoxy)butyl, 4-(1-methylpropoxy)butyl, 4-(2-methylpropoxy)butyl or 4-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)butyl, preferably methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-(methoxy)propyl, 2-(ethoxy)propyl or 3-(methoxy)propyl, or 3-(ethoxy)propyl.
  • C[0030] 3-C6-Cycloalkyl is a cycloaliphatic radical having from 3 to 6 C atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • C[0031] 3-C6-Cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl is a C1-C4-alkyl group which carries a C3-C6-cycloalkyl radical, e.g. cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, 1-cyclopropylethyl, 1-cyclobutylethyl, 1-cyclopentylethyl, 2-cyclopropylethyl, 2-cyclobutylethyl, 2-cyclopentylethyl, 1-cyclopropylpropyl, 1-cyclobutylpropyl, 1-cyclopentylpropyl, 2-cyclopropylpropyl, 2-cyclobutylpropyl, 2-cyclopentylpropyl, 3-cyclopropylpropyl, 3-cyclobutylpropyl, 3-cyclopentylpropyl, 1-cyclopropyl-1-methylethyl, 1-cyclopentyl-1-methylethyl, 1-cyclopentyl-1-methylethyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, 1-cyclohexyl-1-methylethyl, 1-cyclohexyl-1-methylethyl or 1-cyclohexyl-1-methylethyl.
  • C[0032] 2-C4-Alkenyl is a singly unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 C-atoms, e.g. vinyl, allyl(2-propen-1-yl), 1-propen-1-yl, 2-propen-2-yl, methallyl(2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl) and the like. C3-C4-Alkenyl is, in particular, allyl, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yl, 2-buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, methallyl, 2-penten-1-yl, 3-penten-1-yl, 4-penten-1-yl, 1-methylbut-2-en-1-yl or 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-yl.
  • C[0033] 3-C6-Alkynyl is a hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 C atoms which possesses a triple bond, e.g. propargyl (2-propyn-1-yl), 1-methylprop-2-yn-1-yl, 2-butyn-1-yl, 3-butyn-1-yl, 2-pentyn-1-yl, 1-pentyn-3-yl, etc.
  • Examples of 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals which possess 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms as ring members are, in particular, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridinyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, 2- or 3-pyrazinyl and 3- or 4-pyridazinyl. Examples of bivalent, 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals which possess 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms as ring members are, in particular, pyridin-2,4-diyl, pyridin-2,5-diyl, pyridin-2,6-diyl, pyridin-3,5-diyl, pyrimidin-2,4-diyl, pyrimidin-2,5-diyl, pyrimidin-4,6-diyl, pyrazin-2,5-diyl, pyrazin-2,6-diyl, pyridazin-3,6-diyl and pyridazin-3,5-diyl. [0034]
  • With regard to using the compounds according to the invention as dopamine D[0035] 3 receptor ligands, preference is given to those compounds of formula I in which the piperazin ring is bonded to the heteroaromatic radical Q in the meta position or, in particular, in the para position with respect to the group N(R3)—SO2—Ar.
  • The heteroaromatic radical Q may be unsubstituted or possess a substituent R[0036] a which is selected from halogen, C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl, in particular from chlorine, methyl and trifluoromethyl. In a preferred embodiment, Q is unsubstituted.
  • Preference is given to the variables Q, R[0037] 1, R2, R3 and Ar preferably having, independently of each other, the meanings given below:
  • Q is preferably a radical of the formula: [0038]
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00003
  • in which A[0039] 1, A2 and A3 are, independently of each other, N or CH, and one or two of the variables A1, A2 and A3 can also be C—Ra, with A1, A2 and A3 not simultaneously being N or being simultaneously selected from CH and C—Ra. In the formula, k is 0 or 1 and Ra has the previously mentioned meanings. In particular, Ra is selected from halogen, especially chlorine or fluorine, C1-C4-alkyl, especially methyl, and C1-C4-haloalkyl, especially trifluoromethyl. The C atom which is located between the atoms A1 and A3 preferably carries the piperazinyl radical. In particular, k=0. In particular, none of the variables A1, A2 and A3 is C—Ra. Preferred radicals Q are those in which A1 and/or A3 is/are N, the remaining variable A1 or A2 is CH or C—R1, A2 is CH, and the piperazinyl radical is bonded to the C atom which is located between A1 and A3. Among these, preference is furthermore given to compound I in which A1 and A2 are N and A3 is CH or C—Ra.
  • In particular, Q is pyridin-2,5-diyl or pyrimidin-2,5-diyl which are unsubstituted or able to possess a substituent R[0040] a which is different from hydrogen. The piperazinyl radical is then preferably arranged in the 2 position.
  • Ar is preferably phenyl or pyridyl which, where appropriate, possesses one or two of the abovementioned substituents R[0041] b. With regard to using the compounds according to the invention as dopamine D3 receptor ligands, preference is given to those compounds of formula I in which Ar carries one substituent Rb in the para position and, where appropriate, a further substituent Rb in the ortho position or metaposition, in each case related to the binding site for the sulfonamide group. The radicals Rb may be identical or different. Preference is given to the radicals Rb in the para position being selected from C2-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl and, in particular, from branched C3-C6-alkyl, especially isopropyl or C3-C6-cycloalkyl, especially cyclopropyl. Very particular preference is given to the radical Rb which is arranged in the para position of Ar being isopropyl. Preferred radicals Rb in the meta position or ortho position are selected from halogen, especially chlorine and fluorine, C1-C4-alkyl, especially methyl, CN, trifluoromethyl and difluoromethyl.
  • With regard to using the compounds according to the invention as dopamine D[0042] 3 receptor ligands, preference is given to those compounds of the formula I in which R1 is different from hydrogen, in particular hydrogen and methyl. In particular, R1 is C2-C3-alkyl, cyclopropylmethyl or, particularly preferably, ethyl, allyl or n-propyl.
  • The variable n is preferably 0 or 1. Provided n is ≠0, R[0043] 2 is preferably methyl. When n is ≠0, the group R2 is preferably bonded to a carbon atom in the piperazine ring which is adjacent to the group R1—N. In particularly preferred compounds, n=0. Particular preference is also given to compounds of the formula I in which it applies that n=1 and R2 is a methyl group which is bonded to a carbon atom in the piperazine ring which is adjacent to the group R1—N. The compounds can then be present as a racemate, as pure enantiomers or as nonracemic mixtures of the enantiomers. Among these, particular preference is given to those compounds in which the C atom which carries the methyl group exhibits the S configuration.
  • R[0044] 3 is preferably hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl and, in particular, hydrogen.
  • Among the compounds of the general formula I, preference is given to the compounds of the general formula Ia [0045]
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00004
  • in which [0046]
  • n, R[0047] 1, R2, R3, Ra and Rb have the previously mentioned meanings, in particular the meanings specified as being preferred, and in which A1, A2 and A3 are, independently of each other, N or CH, and one of the variables A1, A2 and A3 can also be C—Ra, with A1, A2 and A3 not simultaneously being N or simultaneously being selected from CH and C—Ra, and X and Y are selected from CH, C—Rb and N, in which Rb is halogen, methyl, CN, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl, with X and Y not simultaneously being N or simultaneously being C—Rb, and k is 0 or 1. Ra has the previously mentioned meanings. In particular, Ra is selected from halogen, especially chlorine or fluorine, C1-C4-alkyl, especially methyl, and C1-C4-haloalkyl, especially trifluoromethyl. The C atom which is located between the atoms A1 and A3 preferably carries the piperazinyl radical. In particular, k=0. In particular, none of the variables A1, A2 and A3 is C—Ra. Preferred radicals Q are those in which A1 and/or A3 is/are N, the remaining variable A1 or A2 is CH or C—Ra, A2 is CH, and the piperazinyl radical is bonded to the C atom which is located between A1 and A3. Among these, preference is furthermore given to compound I in which A1 and A2 are N and A3 is CH or C—Ra. Among these, preference is given to those compounds of the formula Ia in which X or Y is CH or N and, in particular, both are CH.
  • Among the compounds of general formula Ia, preference is given to the compounds of general formula Ia.1 [0048]
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00005
  • in which n, X, Y, R[0049] 1, R2, R3, Ra and Rb have the previously mentioned meanings, in particular the meanings specified as being preferred, and q is 0, 1 or 2 and in particular 0.
  • Among the compounds of general formula Ia, preference is furthermore given to the compounds of general formula Ia.2 [0050]
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00006
  • in which n, X, Y, R[0051] 1, R2, R3, Ra and Rb have the previously mentioned meanings, in particular the meanings specified as being preferred, and q is 0, 1 or 2 and, in particular, 0.
  • Examples of compounds of the formula Ia.1 are the compounds of the following general formulae Ia.1a, Ia.1b, Ia.1c, Ia.1d, Ia.1e, Ia.1f and Ia.1g: [0052]
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00007
  • in which R[0053] 1, R2a, R2b, R3, X, Y and Rb, have the meanings specified in one line in Table 1.
  • Examples of compounds of the formula Ia.2 are the compounds of the following general formulae Ia.2a, Ia.2b and Ia.2c: [0054]
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00008
  • in which R[0055] 1, R2a, R2b, R2c, R3, X, Y and Rb have the meanings specified in one line in Table 1:
    TABLE 1
    No. R1 R2a R2b R2c R3 X Y Rb
    1. H H H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    2. CH3 H H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    3. CH2CH3 H H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    4. CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    5. CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    6. CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    7. H (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    8. CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    9. CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    10. CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    11. CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    12. CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    13. CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    14. CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    15. CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    16. CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    17. CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    18. CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    19. CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    20. CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    21. CH3 H CH3 H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    22. CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    23. CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    24. CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    25. CH3 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    26. CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    27. CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    28. CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    29. CH3 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    30. CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    31. CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    32. CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    33. (s)(CH2)3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    34. (s)(CH2)4 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    35. rac(CH2)3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    36. rac(CH2)4 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    37. (R)(CH2)3 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    38. (R)(CH2)4 H H H CH CH CH(CH3)2
    39. H H H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    40. CH3 H H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    41. CH2CH3 H H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    42. CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    43. CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    44. CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    45. H (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    46. CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    47. CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    48. CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    49. CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    50. CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    51. CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    52. CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    53. CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    54. CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    55. CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    56. CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    57. CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    58. CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    59. CH3 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    60. CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    61. CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    62. CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    63. CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    64. CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    65. CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    66. CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    67. CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    68. CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    69. CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    70. CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    71. (S)(CH2)3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    72. (S)(CH2)4 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    73. rac(CH2)3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    74. rac(CH2)4 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    75. (R)(CH2)3 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    76. (R)(CH2)4 H H CH3 CH CH CH(CH3)2
    77. CH2CH═CH2 H H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    78. CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    79. CH2CH2CH3 H H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    80. CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    81. CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    82. CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    83. CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    84. CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    85. CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    86. CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    87. CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    88. CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    89. CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    90. CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    91. CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    92. CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    93. CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    94. CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    95. CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    96. CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    97. CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    98. CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    99. CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    100 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    101 (CH2)3 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    102 (CH2)4 H H H C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    103 CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    104 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    105 CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    106 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    107 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    108 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    109 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    110 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    111 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    112 CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    113 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    114 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    115 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    116 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    117 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    118 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    119 CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    120 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    121 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    122 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    123 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    124 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    125 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    126 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    127 (CH2)3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    128 (CH2)4 H H CH3 C—Cl CH CH(CH3)2
    129 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    130 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    131 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    132 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    133 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    134 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    135 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    136 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    137 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    138 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    139 CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    140 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    141 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    142 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    143 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    144 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    145 CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    146 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    147 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    148 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    149 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    150 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    151 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    152 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    153 (CH2)3 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    154 (CH2)4 H H H CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    155 CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    156 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    157 CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    158 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    159 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    160 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    161 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    162 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    163 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    164 CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    165 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    166 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    167 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    168 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    169 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    170 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    171 CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    172 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    173 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    174 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    175 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    176 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    177 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    178 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    179 (CH2)3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    180 (CH2)4 H H CH3 CH C—Cl CH(CH3)2
    181 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    182 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    183 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    184 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    185 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    186 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    187 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    188 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    189 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    190 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    191 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    192 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    193 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    194 CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    195 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    196 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    197 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    198 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    199 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    200 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    201 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    202 (CH2)3 H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    203 (CH2)4 H H H C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    204 CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    205 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    206 CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    207 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    208 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    209 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    210 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    211 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    212 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    213 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    214 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    215 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    216 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    217 CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    218 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    219 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    220 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    221 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    222 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    223 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    224 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    225 (CH2)3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    226 (CH2)4 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH CH(CH3)2
    227 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    228 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    229 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    230 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    231 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    232 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    233 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    234 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    235 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    236 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    237 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    238 CH2CH2CH3 (T)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    239 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    240 CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    241 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    242 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    243 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    244 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    245 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    246 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    247 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    248 (CH2)3 H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    249 (CH2)4 H H H CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    250 CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    251 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    252 CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    253 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    254 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    255 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    256 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    257 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    258 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    259 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    260 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    261 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    262 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    263 CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    264 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    265 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    266 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    267 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    268 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    269 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    270 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    271 (CH2)3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    272 (CH2)4 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 CH(CH3)2
    273 H H H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    274 CH3 H H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    275 CH2CH3 H H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    276 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    277 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    278 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    279 H (s)CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    280 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    281 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    282 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    283 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    284 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    285 CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    286 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    287 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    288 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    289 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    290 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    291 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    292 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    293 CH3 H CH3 H H CH CH c—C3H5
    294 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H H CH CH c—C3H5
    295 CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H H CH CH c—C3H5
    296 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H H CH CH c—C3H5
    297 CH3 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH c—C3H5
    298 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH c—C3H5
    299 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH c—C3H5
    300 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH c—C3H5
    301 CH3 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH c—C3H5
    302 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH c—C3H5
    303 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH c—C3H5
    304 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH c—C3H5
    305 (s)(CH2)3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    306 (s)(CH2)4 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    307 rac(CH2)3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    308 rac(CH2)4 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    309 (R)(CH2)3 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    310 (R)(CH2)4 H H H CH CH c—C3H5
    311 H H H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    312 CH3 H H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    313 CH2CH3 H H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    314 CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    315 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    316 CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    317 H (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    318 CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    319 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    320 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    321 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    322 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    323 CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    324 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    325 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    326 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    327 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    328 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    329 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    330 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    331 CH3 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    332 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    333 CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    334 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    335 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    336 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    337 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    338 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    339 CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    340 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    341 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    342 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    343 (s)(CH2)3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    344 (s)(CH2)4 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    345 rac(CH2)3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    346 rac(CH2)4 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    347 (R)(CH2)3 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    348 (R)(CH2)4 H H CH3 CH CH c—C3H5
    349 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    350 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    351 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    352 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    353 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    354 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    355 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    356 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    357 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    358 CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    359 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    360 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    361 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    362 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    363 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    364 CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    365 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    366 CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    367 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    368 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    369 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    370 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    371 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    372 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    373 CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    374 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    375 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    376 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    377 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    378 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—Cl c—C3H5
    379 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    380 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    381 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    382 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    383 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    384 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    385 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    386 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    387 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    388 CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    389 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    390 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    391 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    392 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    393 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    394 CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    395 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    396 CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    397 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    398 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    399 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    400 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    401 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    402 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    403 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    404 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    405 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH C—CH3 c—C3H5
    406 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    407 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    408 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    409 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    410 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    411 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    412 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    413 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H H C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    414 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    415 CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    416 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    417 CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    418 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    419 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    420 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    421 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    422 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    423 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    424 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    425 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    426 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    427 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    428 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 C—Cl CH c—C3H5
    429 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    430 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    431 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    432 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    433 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    434 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    435 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    436 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    437 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    438 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    439 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    440 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    441 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    442 CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    443 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    444 CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    445 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    446 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    447 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    448 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    449 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    450 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 C—CH3 CH c—C3H5
    451 H H H H H CH CH C2H5
    452 CH3 H H H H CH CH C2H5
    453 CH2CH3 H H H H CH CH C2H5
    454 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH CH C2H5
    455 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH CH C2H5
    456 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH CH C2H5
    457 H (s)CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    458 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    459 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    460 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    461 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    462 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    463 CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    464 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    465 CH2—c—C3H5 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    466 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    467 CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    468 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    469 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    470 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    471 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    472 CH3 H CH3 H H CH CH C2H5
    473 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H H CH CH C2H5
    474 CH2—c—C3H5 H CH3 H H CH CH C2H5
    475 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H H CH CH C2H5
    476 CH3 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH C2H5
    477 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH C2H5
    478 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH C2H5
    479 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH C2H5
    480 CH3 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH C2H5
    481 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH C2H5
    482 CH2—c—C3H5 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH C2H5
    483 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH C2H5
    484 (s)(CH2)3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    485 (s)(CH2)4 H H H CH CH C2H5
    486 rac(CH2)3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    487 rac(CH2)4 H H H CH CH C2H5
    488 (R)(CH2)3 H H H CH CH C2H5
    489 (R)(CH2)4 H H H CH CH C2H5
    490 CH3 H H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    491 CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    492 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    493 CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    494 CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    495 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    496 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    497 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    498 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    499 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    500 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    501 CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    502 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    503 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    504 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    505 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    506 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH C2H5
    507 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH C2H5
    508 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    509 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    510 (s)(CH2)3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    511 (s)(CH2)4 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    512 rac(CH2)3 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    513 rac(CH2)4 H H CH3 CH CH C2H5
    514 H H H H H CH CH CH3
    515 CH3 H H H H CH CH CH3
    516 CH2CH3 H H H H CH CH CH3
    517 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH CH CH3
    518 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH CH CH3
    519 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH CH CH3
    520 H (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    521 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    522 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    523 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    524 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    525 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    526 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    527 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    528 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    529 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    530 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    531 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH CH CH3
    532 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H H CH CH CH3
    533 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H H CH CH CH3
    534 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH CH3
    535 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 H CH CH CH3
    536 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH CH3
    537 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H H CH CH CH3
    538 (s)(CH2)3 H H H CH CH CH3
    539 (s)(CH2)4 H H H CH CH CH3
    540 rac(CH2)3 H H H CH CH CH3
    541 rac(CH2)4 H H H CH CH CH3
    542 (R)(CH2)3 H H H CH CH CH3
    543 (R)(CH2)4 H H H CH CH CH3
    544 H H H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    545 CH3 H H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    546 CH2CH3 H H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    547 CH2CH═CH2 H H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    548 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    549 CH2CH2CH3 H H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    550 H (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    551 CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    552 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    553 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    554 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    555 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    556 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    557 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    558 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    559 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    560 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    561 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    562 CH2CH═CH2 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    563 CH2CH2CH3 H CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    564 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    565 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    566 CH2CH═CH2 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    567 CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    568 (CH2)3 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    569 (CH2)4 H H CH3 CH CH CH═CH2
    570 H H H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    571 CH3 H H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    572 CH2CH3 H H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    573 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    574 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    575 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    576 H (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    577 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    578 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    579 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    580 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    581 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    582 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    583 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    584 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    585 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    586 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    587 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    588 (s)(CH2)3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    589 (s)(CH2)4 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    590 rac(CH2)3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    591 rac(CH2)4 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    592 (R)(CH2)3 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    593 (R)(CH2)4 H H H N CH CH(CH3)2
    594 H H H H H N CH CH═CH2
    595 CH3 H H H H N CH CH═CH2
    596 CH2CH3 H H H H N CH CH═CH2
    597 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H N CH CH═CH2
    598 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H N CH CH═CH2
    599 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H N CH CH═CH2
    600 H (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH═CH2
    601 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH═CH2
    602 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH═CH2
    603 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH═CH2
    604 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH═CH2
    605 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH═CH2
    606 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H N CH CH═CH2
    607 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H N CH CH═CH2
    608 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H N CH CH═CH2
    609 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H N CH CH═CH2
    610 H H H H H N CH c—C3H5
    611 CH3 H H H H N CH c—C3H5
    612 CH2CH3 H H H H N CH c—C3H5
    613 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H N CH c—C3H5
    614 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H N CH c—C3H5
    615 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H N CH c—C3H5
    616 H (s)CH3 H H H N CH c—C3H5
    617 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH c—C3H5
    618 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH c—C3H5
    619 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H N CH c—C3H5
    620 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H N CH c—C3H5
    621 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH c—C3H5
    622 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H N CH c—C3H5
    623 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H N CH c—C3H5
    624 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H N CH c—C3H5
    625 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H N CH c—C3H5
    626 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H N CH c—C3H5
    627 H H H H H N CH CH3
    628 CH3 H H H H N CH CH3
    629 CH2CH3 H H H H N CH CH3
    630 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H N CH CH3
    631 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H N CH CH3
    632 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H N CH CH3
    633 H (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH3
    634 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH3
    635 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH3
    636 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH3
    637 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH3
    638 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CH3
    639 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H N CH CH3
    640 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H N CH CH3
    641 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H N CH CH3
    642 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H N CH CH3
    643 H H H H H N CH CF3
    644 CH3 H H H H N CH CF3
    645 CH2CH3 H H H H N CH CF3
    646 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H N CH CF3
    647 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H N CH CF3
    648 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H N CH CF3
    649 H (s)CH3 H H H N CH CF3
    650 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CF3
    651 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CF3
    652 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CF3
    653 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CF3
    654 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H N CH CF3
    655 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H N CH CF3
    656 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H N CH CF3
    657 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H N CH CF3
    658 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H N CH CF3
    659 H H H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    660 CH3 H H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    661 CH2CH3 H H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    662 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    663 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    664 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    665 H (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    666 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    667 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    668 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    669 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    670 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    671 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    672 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    673 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    674 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    675 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    676 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH(CH3)2
    677 H H H H H CH N CH═CH2
    678 CH3 H H H H CH N CH═CH2
    679 CH2CH3 H H H H CH N CH═CH2
    680 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH N CH═CH2
    681 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH N CH═CH2
    682 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH N CH═CH2
    683 H (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    684 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    685 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    686 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    687 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    688 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    689 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    690 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    691 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    692 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    693 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    694 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH═CH2
    695 H H H H H CH N c—C3H5
    696 CH3 H H H H CH N c—C3H5
    697 CH2CH3 H H H H CH N c—C3H5
    698 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH N c—C3H5
    699 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH N c—C3H5
    700 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH N c—C3H5
    701 H (s)CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    702 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    703 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    704 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    705 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    706 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    707 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    708 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    709 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    710 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    711 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    712 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH N c—C3H5
    713 H H H H H CH N CH3
    714 CH3 H H H H CH N CH3
    715 CH2CH3 H H H H CH N CH3
    716 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH N CH3
    717 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH N CH3
    718 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH N CH3
    719 H (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    720 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    721 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    722 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    723 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    724 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    725 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    726 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    727 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    728 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    729 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    730 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CH3
    731 H H H H H CH N CF3
    732 CH3 H H H H CH N CF3
    733 CH2CH3 H H H H CH N CF3
    734 CH2CH═CH2 H H H H CH N CF3
    735 CH2—c—C3H5 H H H H CH N CF3
    736 CH2CH2CH3 H H H H CH N CF3
    737 H (s)CH3 H H H CH N CF3
    738 CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CF3
    739 CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CF3
    740 CH2CH═CH2 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CF3
    741 CH2—c—C3H5 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CF3
    742 CH2CH2CH3 (s)CH3 H H H CH N CF3
    743 CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CF3
    744 CH2CH═CH2 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CF3
    745 CH2—c—C3H5 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CF3
    746 CH2CH2CH3 (R)CH3 H H H CH N CF3
    747 CH2CH═CH2 rac- CH3 H H H CH N CF3
    748 CH2CH2CH3 rac- CH3 H H H CH N CF3
  • Other examples of compounds according to the invention are the compounds of the general formulae Ia.3, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie and If: [0056]
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00009
  • in which R[0057] 1, R2a, R2b, R2c, R3, X, Y and Rb have the meanings specified in one line in Table 1.
  • The compounds I according to the invention are prepared in analogy with methods known from the literature. An important approach to the compounds according to the invention is offered by the reaction of a hetarylamine II with an arylsulfonic acid derivative III as depicted in scheme 1. [0058]
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00010
  • In scheme 1, n, R[0059] 1, R2, R3, Ar and 0 have the previously mentioned meanings. X is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, in particular a halogen atom and, especially, chlorine or bromine. The reaction depicted in scheme 1 takes place under the reaction conditions which are customary for preparing arylsulfonamide compounds and which are described, for example, in European J. Org. Chem. 2002 (13), pp. 2094-2108, Tetrahedron 2001, 57 (27) pp. 5885-5895, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2000, 10(8), pp. 835-838 and Synthesis 2000 (1), pp. 103-108.
  • The reaction customarily takes place in an inert solvent, for example in an ether, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, a halohydrocarbon, such as dichloromethane, an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, such as pentane, hexane or cyclohexane, or an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, xylene, cumene and the like, or in a mixture of the abovementioned solvents. [0060]
  • The reaction of II with III is customarily carried out in the presence of an auxiliary base. Suitable bases are inorganic bases, such as sodiumcarbonate or potassiumcarbonate, or sodiumhydrogencarbonate or potassiumhydrogencarbonate, and organic bases, for example trialkylamines, such as triethylamine, or pyridine compounds, such as pyridine, lutidine and the like. The latter compounds can at the same time serve as solvents. The auxiliary base is customarily employed in at least equimolar quantities, based on the amine compound II. [0061]
  • The compounds of the general formula II are known per se or can be prepared in the manner shown in scheme 2. [0062]
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00011
  • In scheme 2, n, R[0063] 2 and Q have the previously mentioned meanings. R1 has the meanings different from hydrogen which are specified for R1 or is a suitable protecting group. Suitable protecting groups are disclosed, for example, in P. Kocienski, Protecting Groups, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, Chapter 6. Y is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, in particular a halogen atom, e.g. chlorine or bromine, or an alkylsulfonyl group, e.g. methylsulfonyl.
  • The reaction depicted in step a) in scheme 2 takes place under the reaction conditions which are customary for a nucleophilic substitution on an aromatic radical and which are described, for example, in Tetrahedron 1999, 55(33), pp. 10243-10252, J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40(22), pp. 3679-3686 and Synthetic Communications, 1993, 23(5), pp. 591-599. Where appropriate, it can be advantageous to convert a ring nitrogen atom in the Q group into its N-oxide (see, for example, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.,2002 41 (11), pp 1937-1940, J. Med. Chem. 1985, 28(2), pp. 248-252 and Tetrahedron Lett. 2002 43(17) pp. 3121-3123). This approach has proved to be of value, in particular, for preparing compounds I in which Q is a pyridin-2,4-diyl group. In connection with the subsequent reduction of the nitro group in VI (step b), the N-oxide group is also reduced. For this, the reduction is carried out, for example, in the presence of indium salts. [0064]
  • If 5-bromonitropyridine is used as compound V in step a) in accordance with scheme 2, the coupling is also achieved under palladium catalysis in the presence of an auxiliary base, for example an alkali metal carbonate such as cesium carbonate. Particularly suitable palladium catalysts in this connection are palladium(0) compounds or palladium compounds which are able to form a palladium(0) compound under reaction conditions, e.g. palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), advantageously in combination with phosphine ligands, e.g. triarylphosphines, such as triphenylphosphine, trialkylphosphines, such as tributylphosphine, and cycloalkylphosphines, such as tricyclohexylphosphine, and, especially, using phosphine chelate ligands, such as 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl. The conditions which are required for reactions of this nature are described, for example, in Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42(22), p. 3681 and Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43(12), pp. 2171-2173. [0065]
  • In step b), the nitro group in VI is reduced to the NH[0066] 2 group in II. Subsequently, in step c), the NH2 group can be converted into a —NR3H group, in which R3 has the meanings different from hydrogen which are specified for R3.
  • The reaction conditions which are required for step b) correspond to the customary conditions for reducing aromatic nitro groups which have been described extensively in the literature (see, for example, J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed., J. Wiley & Sons, New-York, 1985, p. 1183 and the literature cited in this reference). [0067]
  • The reduction is achieved, for example, by reacting the nitro compound VII with a metal such as iron, zinc or tin under acidic reaction conditions, i.e. using nascent hydrogen, or using a complex hydride such as lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride, preferably in the presence of transition metal compounds of nickel or cobalt such as NiCl[0068] 2(P(phenyl)3)2, or CoCl2, (see Ono et al. Chem. Ind. (London), 1983 p.480), or using NaBH2S3 (see Lalancette et al. Can. J. Chem. 49, 1971, p. 2990), with it being possible to carry out these reductions, depending on the given reagent, in substance or in a solvent or diluent. Alternatively, the reduction of VI to II can be carried out with hydrogen in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, e.g. using hydrogen in the presence of catalysts based on platinum, palladium, nickel, ruthenium or rhodium. The catalysts can contain the transition metal in elemental form or in the form of a complex compound, of a salt or of an oxide of the transition metal, with it being possible, for the purpose of modifying the activity, to use customary coligands, e.g. organic phosphine compounds, such as triphenylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine or tri-n-butylphosphines or phosphites. The catalyst is customarily employed in quantities of from 0.001 to 1 mol per mol of compound VI, calculated as catalyst metal. In a preferred variant, the reduction is effected using tin(II) chloride in analogy with the methods described in Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2002, 12(15), pp. 1917-1919 and J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45(21), pp. 4679-4688. The reaction of VI with tin(II) chloride is preferably carried out in an inert organic solvent, preferably an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or butanol.
  • Reducing VI results in compounds II in which R[0069] 3 is hydrogen. Customary methods can then be used to react these compounds with an alkylating agent R3′—X, in which R3′ is C1-C-4-alkyl and X is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group (e.g. halogen, such as chlorine, bromine or iodine), resulting in a compound II in which R3=alkyl (step c). The reaction conditions which are required for this are disclosed, for example, in WO 02/83652, Tetrahedron 2000, 56(38) pp. 7553-7560 and Synlett. 2000 (4), pp. 475-480.
  • The compound I can also be prepared by the route depicted in scheme 3: [0070]
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00012
  • In scheme 3, n, R[0071] 1, R2, R3, Ar and Q have the previously mentioned meanings. Y is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, in particular a halogen atom, e.g. chlorine or bromine, or an alkylsulfonyl group, e.g. methylsulfonyl. The reaction of VII with VIII, as depicted in scheme 3, takes place under the reaction conditions specified for scheme 2, step a). Compounds of the general formula I are known or can be prepared in analogy with the methods known from the literature.
  • Compounds of general formula I, in which R is an allyl group, can be converted into compounds possessing different R[0072] 1 substituents using the route shown in scheme 4.
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00013
  • In scheme 4, n, R[0073] 2, R3, Ar and Q have the previously mentioned meaning. The elimination of the allyl group, as depicted in step a) in scheme 4, is achieved, for example, by reacting I [R1=allyl] with an allyl trapping agent, such as mercaptobenzoic acid or 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, in the presence of catalytic quantities of palladium (0) compounds or palladium compounds which are able to form a palladium(0) compound under reaction conditions, e.g. palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), advantageously in combination with phosphine ligands, e.g. triarylphosphines, such as triphenylphosphine, trialkylphosphines, such as tributylphosphine, and cycloalkylphosphines, such as tricyclohexylphosphine, and especially with phosphine chelate ligands, such as 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl or 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, using methods known from the literature (with regard to eliminating N-allyl in the presence of mercaptobenzoic acid, see WO 94/24088; with regard to eliminating in the presence of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, see J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123 (28), pp. 6801-6808 and J. Org. Chem 2002, 67(11) pp. 3718-3723). Alternatively, the elimination of N-allyl, as depicted in scheme 4 step a), can also be effected by reacting in the presence of rhodium compounds, such as tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium(I), using methods known from the literature (see J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Transaction I: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry 1999 (21) pp. 3089-3104 and Tetrahedron Asymmetry 1997, 8(20), pp. 3387-3391).
  • The resulting piperazine compound I [R[0074] 1═H] can then be reacted, in a known manner, in the sense of an alkylation, with a compound R1—X. In this compound, R1 is C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl or C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl and X is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, e.g. halogen, trifluoroacetate, alkylsulfonate, arylsulfonate, alkyl sulfate and the like. The reaction conditions which are required for the alkylation in step b) have been adequately disclosed, e.g. in Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Lett. 2002, 12(7), pp. 2443-2446 and also 2002, 12(5), pp. 1917-1919.
  • The conversion, as depicted in scheme 4, step b), of the piperazine compound I [R[0075] 1═H] obtained in step a) can also be achieved, in the sense of a reductive amination, by reacting I [R1═H] with a suitable ketone or aldehyde in the presence of a reducing agent, e.g. in the presence of a borohydride such as sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. The skilled person is familiar with the reaction conditions which are required for a reductive amination, e.g. from Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Lett. 2002, 12(5), pp. 795-798 and 12(7) pp. 1269-1273.
  • The conversion, as depicted in scheme 4, step b), of the piperazine compound I [R[0076] 1═H] obtained in step a) can also be achieved by successive acylation and subsequent reduction of the acylation product, using the method depicted in scheme 4a:
    Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00014
  • In scheme 4a, n, R[0077] 2, R3, Ar and 0 have the previously mentioned meanings. The acylation in step a) and the reduction in step b) are effected using standard methods of organic chemistry as are described, for example, in J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed. J. Wiley & Sons, New York 1985, p.370 and 373 (acylation) and p. 1099 f. and in the literature cited in this publication (with regard to acylation, see also Synth. Commun. 1986, 16, p. 267, and with regard to reduction, see also J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1979, 16, p. 1525).
  • In compounds of the general formula I which carry a halogen atom, in particular bromine or iodine, on the aromatic radical Ar, the halogen atom can be converted into an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl or cycloalkylalkyl group using methods which are known per se. The conversion is achieved by coupling the halo compound I to an alkyl-, alkenyl-, alkynyl-, cycloalkyl- or cycloalkylalkyl-boronic acid compound under the conditions of a Suzuki coupling as is described, for example, in Tetrahedron Left. 2002, 43, pp. 6987-6990; Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, pp. 2457-2483 and J. Org. Chem. 66(21) (2001), pp. 7124-7128. [0078]
  • If not otherwise indicated, the above-described reactions are generally carried out in a solvent at temperatures between room temperature and the boiling temperature of the solvent employed. Alternatively, the activation energy which is required for the reaction can be introduced into the reaction mixture using microwaves, something which has proved to be of value, in particular, in the case of the reactions catalyzed by transition metals (with regard to reactions using microwaves, see Tetrahedron 2001, 57, p. 9199 ff. p. 9225 ff. and also, in a general manner, “Microwaves in Organic Synthesis”, André Loupy (Ed.), Wiley-VCH 2002. [0079]
  • Examples of solvents which can be used are ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, aprotic polar solvent, such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethoxyethane, and acetonitrile, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene and xylene, ketones, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, halohydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane and dichloroethane, esters, such as ethyl acetate and methyl butyrate, carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid or propionic acid, and alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol and butanol. [0080]
  • If desired, it is possible for a base to be present in order to neutralize protons which are released in the reactions. Suitable bases include inorganic bases, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate, and, in addition, alkoxides, such as sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide, alkali metal hydrides, such as sodium hydride, and also organometallic compounds, such as butyllithium compounds or alkylmagnesium compounds, or organic nitrogen bases, such as triethylamine or pyridine. The latter compounds can at the same time serve as solvents. [0081]
  • The crude product is isolated in a customary manner, for example by filtering, distilling off the solvent or extracting from the reaction mixture, etc. The resulting compounds can be purified in a customary manner, for example by means of recrystallizing from a solvent, by means of chromatography or by means of converting into an acid addition salt. [0082]
  • The acid addition salts are prepared in a customary manner by mixing the free base with a corresponding acid, where appropriate in solution in an organic solvent, for example a lower alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol or propanol, an ether, such as methyl tert-butyl ether or diisopropyl ether, a ketone, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, or an ester, such as ethyl acetate. [0083]
  • The compounds according to the invention of the formula I are highly selective dopamine D[0084] 3 receptor ligands which, because of their low affinity for other receptors such as D1 receptors, D4 receptors, α1-adrenergic and/or α2-adrenergic receptors, muscarinergic receptors, histamine receptors, opiate receptors and, in particular, dopamine D2 receptors, give rise to fewer side-effects than do the classic neuroleptics, which are D2 receptor antagonists.
  • The high affinity of the compounds according to the invention for D[0085] 3 receptors is reflected in very low in-vitro Ki values of as a rule less than 100 nM (nmol/l), in particular less than 50 nM and, in particular, of less than 10 nM. The displacement of [125I]-iodosulpride can, for example, be used in receptor binding studies for determining binding affinities for D3 receptors.
  • The selectivity K[0086] i(D2)/Ki(D3) of the compounds according to the invention is as a rule at least 10, preferably at least 30, even better at least 50 and particularly advantageously at least 100. The displacement of [3H]SCH23390, [1251] iodosulpride or [125I] spiperone can be used, for example, for carrying out receptor binding studies on D1, D2 and D4 receptors.
  • Because of their binding profile, the compounds can be used for treating diseases which respond to dopamine D[0087] 3 ligands, i.e. they are effective for treating those disturbances or diseases in which exerting an influence on (modulating) the dopamine D3 receptors leads to an improvement in the clinical picture or to the disease being cured. Examples of these diseases are disturbances or diseases of the central nervous system.
  • Disturbances or diseases of the central nervous system are understood as meaning disturbances which affect the spinal chord and, in particular, the brain. Within the meaning of the invention, the term “disturbance” denotes anomalies which are as a rule regarded as being pathological conditions or functions and which can manifest themselves in the form of particular signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions. While the treatment according to the invention can be directed toward individual disturbances, i.e. anomalies or pathological conditions, it is also possible for several anomalies, which may be causatively linked to each other, to be combined into patterns, i.e. syndromes, which can be treated in accordance with the invention. [0088]
  • The disturbances which can be treated in accordance with the invention are, in particular, psychiatric and neurological disturbances. These disturbances include, in particular, organic disturbances, including symptomatic disturbances, such as psychoses of the acute exogenous reaction type or attendant psychoses of organic or exogenous cause, e.g., in association with metabolic disturbances, infections and endocrinopathogies; endogenous psychoses, such as schizophrenia and schizotype and delusional disturbances; affective disturbances, such as depressions, mania and/or manic-depressive conditions; and also mixed forms of the above-described disturbances; neurotic and somatoform disturbances and also disturbances in association with stress; dissociative disturbances, e.g. loss of consciousness, clouding of consciousness, double consciousness and personality disturbances; disturbances in attention and waking/sleeping behavior, such as behavioral disturbances and emotional disturbances whose onset lies in childhood and youth, e.g. hyperactivity in children, intellectual deficits, in particular attention disturbances (attention deficit disorders), memory disturbances and cognitive disturbances, e.g. impaired learning and memory (impaired cognitive function), dementia, narcolepsy and sleep disturbances, e.g. restless legs syndrome; development disturbances; anxiety states, delirium; sexlife disturbances, e.g. impotence in men; eating disturbances, e.g. anorexia or bulimia; addiction; and other unspecified psychiatric disturbances. [0089]
  • The disturbances which can be treated in accordance with the invention also include Parkinson's disease and epilepsy and, in particular, the affective disturbances connected thereto. [0090]
  • The addiction diseases include psychic disturbances and behavioral disturbances which are caused by the abuse of psychotropic substances, such as pharmaceuticals or narcotics, and also other addiction diseases, such as addiction to gaming (impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified). Examples of addictive substances are: opioids (e.g. morphine, heroin and codeine), ***e; nicotine; alcohol; substances which interact with the GABA chloride channel complex, sedatives, hypnotics and tranquilizers, for example benzodiazepines; LSD; cannabinoids; psychomotor stimulants, such as 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (ecstasy); amphetamine and amphetamine-like substances such as methylphenidate and other stimulants including caffeine. Addictive substances which come particularly into consideration are opioids, ***e, amphetamine or amphetamine-like substances, nicotine and alcohol. [0091]
  • With regard to the treatment of addiction diseases, particular preference is given to those compounds according to the invention of the formula I which themselves do not possess any psychotropic effect. This can also be observed in a test using rats, which, after having been administered compounds which can be used in accordance with the invention, reduce their self administration of psychotropic substances, for example ***e. [0092]
  • According to another aspect of the present invention, the compounds according to the invention are suitable for treating disturbances whose causes can at least partially be attributed to an anomalous activity of dopamine D[0093] 3 receptors.
  • According to another aspect of the present invention, the treatment is directed, in particular, toward those disturbances which can be influenced, within the sense of an expedient medicinal treatment, by the binding of preferably exogeneously administered binding partners (ligands) to dopamine D[0094] 3 receptors.
  • The diseases which can be treated with the compounds according to the invention are frequently characterized by progressive development, i.e. the above-described conditions change over the course of time; as a rule, the severity increases and conditions may possibly merge into each other or other conditions may appear in addition to those which already exist. [0095]
  • The compounds according to the invention can be used to treat a large number of signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions which are connected with the disturbances of the central nervous system and, in particular, the abovementioned conditions. These signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions include, for example, a disturbed relationship to reality, lack of insight and ability to meet customary social norms or the demands made by life, changes in temperament, changes in individual drives, such as hunger, sleep, thirst, etc., and in mood, disturbances in the ability to observe and combine, changes in personality, in particular emotional lability, hallucinations, ego-disturbances, distractedness, ambivalence, autism, depersonalization and false perceptions, delusional ideas, chanting speech, lack of synkinesia, short-step gait, flexed posture of trunk and limbs, tremor, poverty of facial expression, monotonous speech, depressions, apathy, impeded spontaneity and decisiveness, impoverished association ability, anxiety, nervous agitation, stammering, social phobia, panic disturbances, withdrawal symptoms in association with dependency, maniform syndromes, states of excitation and confusion, dysphoria, dyskinetic syndromes and tic disturbances, e.g. Huntington's chorea and Gilles-de-la-Tourette's syndrome, vertigo syndromes, e.g. peripheral positional, rotational and oscillatory vertigo, melancholia, hysteria, hypochondria and the like. [0096]
  • Within the meaning of the invention, a treatment also includes a preventive treatment (prophylaxis), in particular as relapse prophylaxis or phase prophylaxis, as well as the treatment of acute or chronic signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions. The treatment can be orientated symptomatically, for example as the suppression of symptoms. It can be effected over a short period, be orientated over the medium term or can be a long-term treatment, for example within the context of a maintenance therapy. [0097]
  • The compounds according to the invention are preferentially suitable for treating diseases of the central nervous system, in particular for treating affective disturbances; neurotic disturbances, stress disturbances and somatoform disturbances and psychoses, and, in particular, for treating schizophrenia and depression. Because of their high selectivity with regard to the D[0098] 3 receptor, the compounds I according to the invention are also suitable for treating disturbances of kidney function, in particular disturbances of kidney function which are caused by diabetes mellitus (see WO 00/67847) and, especially, diabetic nephropathy.
  • Within the context of the treatment, the use according to the invention of the described compounds involves a method. In this method, an effective quantity of one or more compounds, as a rule formulated in accordance with pharmaceutical and veterinary practice, is administered to the individual to be treated, preferably a mammal, in particular a human being, productive animal or domestic animal. Whether such a treatment is indicated, and in which form it is to take place, depends on the individual case and is subject to medical assessment (diagnosis) which takes into consideration signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions which are present, the risks of developing particular signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions, and other factors. [0099]
  • As a rule, the treatment is effected by means of single or repeated daily administration, where appropriate together, or alternating, with other active compounds or active compound-containing preparations such that a daily dose of preferably from about 0.1 to 1000 mg/kg of bodyweight, in the case of oral administration, or of from about 0.1 to 100 mg/kg of bodyweight, in the case of parenteral administration, is supplied to an individual to be treated. [0100]
  • The invention also relates to the production of pharmaceutical compositions for treating an individual, preferably a mammal, in particular a human being, productive animal or domestic animal. Thus, the ligands are customarily administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions which comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient together with at least one ligand according to the invention and, where appropriate, other active compounds. These compositions can, for example, be administered orally, rectally, transdermally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly or intranasally. [0101]
  • Examples of suitable pharmaceutical formulations are solid medicinal forms, such as powders, granules, tablets, in particular film tablets, lozenges, sachets, cachets, sugar-coated tablets, capsules, such as hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules, suppositories or vaginal medicinal forms, semisolid medicinal forms, such as ointments, creams, hydrogels, pastes or plasters, and also liquid medicinal forms, such as solutions, emulsions, in particular oil-in-water emulsions, suspensions, for example lotions, injection preparations and infusion preparations, and eyedrops and eardrops. Implanted release devices can also be used for administering inhibitors according to the invention. In addition, it is also possible to use liposomes or microspheres. When producing the compositions, inhibitors according to the invention are usually mixed or diluted with an excipient. Excipients can be solid, semisolid or liquid materials which serve as vehicles, carriers or medium for the active compound. [0102]
  • Suitable excipients are listed in the specialist medicinal monographs. In addition, the formulations can comprise pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or customary auxiliary substances, such as glidants; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preservatives; antioxidants; antiirritants; chelating agents; coating auxiliaries; emulsion stabilizers; film formers; gel formers; odor masking agents; taste corrigents; resin; hydrocolloids; solvents; solubilizers; neutralizing agents; diffusion accelerators; pigments; quaternary ammonium compounds; refatting and overfatting agents; raw materials for ointments, creams or oils; silicone derivatives; spreading auxiliaries; stabilizers; sterilants; suppository bases; tablet auxiliaries, such as binders, fillers, glidants, disintegrants or coatings; propellants; drying agents; opacifiers; thickeners; waxes; plasticizers and white mineral oils. A formulation in this regard is based on specialist knowledge as described, for example, in Fiedler, H. P., Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe für Pharmazie, Kosmetik und angrenzende Gebiete [Encyclopedia of auxiliary substances for pharmacy, cosmetics and related fields], 4[0103] th edition, Aulendorf: ECV-Editio-Kantor-Verlag, 1996.
  • The following examples serve to explain the invention without limiting it. [0104]
  • The magnetic nuclear resonance spectral properties (NMR) refer to the chemical shifts (δ) expressed in parts per million (ppm). The relative area of the shifts in the [0105] 1H NMR spectrum corresponds to the number, of hydrogen atoms for a particular functional type in the molecule. The nature of the shift, as regards multiplicity, is indicated as singlet (s), broad singlet (s. br.), doublet (d), broad doublet (d br.), triplet (t), broad triplet (t br.), quartet (q), quintet (quint.) and multiplet (m).
    •  PREPARATION EXAMPLES Example 1 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide
  • 1.1% 1-Allyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)piperazine [0106]
  • 2.0 g (12.61 mmol) of 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine were dissolved in 8 ml of dimethylformamide, and 3.49 g (25.23 mmol) of potassium carbonate were added. After that, a solution of 1.75 g (13.88 mmol) of N-allylpiperazine in 2 ml of dimethylformamide was added slowly dropwise to the reaction mixture (exothermic reaction). The reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the solvent had been concentrated down to dryness, the resulting residue was stirred up in 100 ml of heptane. The precipitate which remained was filtered off with suction. The filtrate was concentrated, resulting in 720 mg of the title compound. The precipitate which had been filtered off with suction was treated with 150 ml of water and extracted three times with diethyl ether. The organic phase was washed with a saturated solution of sodium chloride and dried over sodium sulfate. A further 2.24 g of the title compound were isolated after the solvent had been filtered and concentrated down to dryness. The total yield of 1-allyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)piperazine was 2.96 g (95% of theory). [0107]
  • MS [m+1]: 249. [0108]
  • 1.2 6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridine-3-amine [0109]
  • 2.2 g (8.86 mmol) of 1-allyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)piperazine from Example 1.1 were dissolved in 150 ml of methanol after which 18 g (79.75 mmol) of tin(II) chloride dihydrate were added and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 4 hours. After the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, water was added to the residue. The aqueous reaction mixture was made alkaline with dilute sodium hydroxide solution and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The solid which had precipitated out was filtered off. After that, the phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted in each case twice with ethyl acetate and dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate. 1.74 g (90% of theory) of the title compound were obtained after the drying agent had been removed and the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness. [0110]
  • MS [m+1]: 219. [0111]
  • 1.3 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide [0112]
  • 1.4 g (7.97 mmol) of 6-(4-allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamine from Example 1.2 and 1.74 g (7.97 mmol) of 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride were dissolved in 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. 3.3 ml (23.91 mmol) of triethylamine were then added to this mixture. After that, the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. After the solvent had been evaporated to dryness, water was added to the residue. The aqueous reaction mixture was made acid with 1N hydrochloric acid and extracted twice with diethyl ether. After that, the aqueous phase was made alkaline (pH 9-10) with a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and then extracted twice with diethyl ether. After the combined organic phases had been dried over sodium sulfate, the drying agent had been filtered off and the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel using cyclohexane/ethyl acetate (45:55% to 100% ethyl acetate). The filtrate was evaporated down to dryness. The resulting residue was thoroughly stirred in 10 ml of heptane, filtered off in suction and dried, with 1.93 g (61% of theory) of the title compound being obtained. [0113]
  • [0114] 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ [ppm] 7.7 (s, 1H); 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.4 (d, 1H); 7.3 (d, 2H); 6.6 (d, 1H); 6.4 (bs, 1H); 5.9 (m, 1H); 5.2 (m, 2H); 3.5 (m, 4H); 3.1 (m, 2H); 3.0 (m, 1H); 2.5 (m, 4H); 1.2 (d, 6H).
  • MS [m+1]: 401. [0115]
    • Example 2 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-propylbenzenesulfonamide
  • 373 mg of the title compound were obtained in an analogous manner to that described in Example 1.3 when starting with 4-n-propylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. [0116]
  • [0117] 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ [ppm) 7.7 (m, 1H); 7.6 (m, 2H); 7.4 (d, 1H); 7.3 (m, 2H); 6.6 (d, 1H); 6.3 (bs, 1H); 5.9 (m, 1H); 5.2 (m, 2H); 3.5 (m, 4H); 3.1 (m, 2H); 2.6 (m, 2H); 2.5 (m, 4H); 1.7 (m, 2H); 0.9 (m, 3H).
  • MS [m+1]: 401. [0118]
    • Example 3 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-butylbenzenesulfonamide
  • 405 mg of the title compound were obtained in an analogous manner to that described in Example 1.3 when starting with 4-n-butylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. [0119]
  • [0120] 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ [ppm] 7.7 (m, 1H); 7.6 (m, 2H); 7.4 (d, 1H); 7.3 (m, 2H); 6.6 (d, 1H); 6.2 (bs, 1H); 5.9 (m, 1H); 5.2 (m, 2H); 3.5 (m, 4H); 3.0 (m, 2H); 2.7 (m, 2H); 2.5 (m, 4H); 1.6 (m, 2H); 1.4 (m, 2H); 0.9 (m, 3H).
  • MS [m+1]: 415. [0121]
    • Example 4 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonamide
  • 500 mg of the title compound were obtained in an analogous manner to that described in Example 1.3 when starting with 4-trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. [0122]
  • [0123] 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ [ppm] 7.9 (d, 2H); 7.8 (m, 3H); 7.3 (d, 1H); 6.6 (d, 1H); 5.9 (m, 1H); 5.2 (m, 2H); 3.5 (m, 4H); 3.1 (m, 2H); 2.5 (m, 4H).
  • MS [m+1]: 427. [0124]
    • Example 5 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-ethylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • The Example 1.3 was repeated with 4-ethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride being used instead of 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The resulting reaction product was converted into the hydrochloride with ethereal hydrochloric acid, with 480 mg (please complete) of the title compound being obtained. [0125]
  • [0126] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 11.5 (bs, 1H); 10.0 (s, 1H); 7.8 (d, 2H); 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.4 (m, 3H); 6.9 (d, 1H); 6.0 (m, 1H); 5.5 (m, 2H); 4.3 (m, 2H); 3.8 (m, 2H); 3.4 (m, 2H); 3.3 (m, 2H); 3.0 (m, 2H); 2.7 (m, 2H); 1.2 (t, 3H).
  • MS [m+1]: 387 (free base). [0127]
    • Example 6 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-vinylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • Example 1.3 was repeated with 4-vinylbenzenesulfonyl chloride being used instead of 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The resulting reaction product was converted into the hydrochloride with ethereal hydrochloric acid, with 300 mg of the title compound being obtained. [0128]
  • [0129] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 11.1 (bs, 1H); 10.0 (s, 1H); 7.8 (d, 1H); 7.6 (m, 4H); 7.3 (d, 1H); 6.9 (d, 1H); 6.8 (dd, 1H); 6.0 (m, 2H); 5.5 (m, 3H); 4.3 (m, 2H); 3.8 (m, 2H); 3.4 (m, 2H); 3.2 (m, 2H); 3.0 (m, 2H).
  • MS [m+1]: 385 (free base). [0130]
    • Example 7 4-Isopropyl-N-(6-piperazin-1-ylpyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide
  • 95 mg (0.1 mmol) of tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and 44 mg (0.1 mmol) of 1,4-bis-(diphenylphosphino)butane were dissolved in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran under an argon atmosphere. A solution composed of 1.1 g (2.75 mmol) of N-[6-(4-allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide from Example 1.3 1 in 3 ml of tetrahydrofuran was then added dropwise to the reaction mixture. After that, a solution of 386 mg (2.5 mmol) of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid in 2 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise to the reaction mixture and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 90 minutes. A solution of a further 386 mg (2.5 mmol) of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid in 2 ml of tetrahydrofuran was then added dropwise to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature and, after that, the solvent was evaporated down to dryness. 150 ml of water were added to the resulting residue, after which the mixture was made acid with 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted three times with diethyl ether. The aqueous phase was then made alkaline, to pH>11, with a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and subsequently extracted three times with dichloromethane. After that, the aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 8-9, saturated with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and, after that, extracted several times with dichloromethane. 840 mg (82% of theory) of the title compound were obtained after the combined organic phases had been dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent had been filtered and evaporated down to dryness. [0131]
  • [0132] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ [ppm] 7.7 (d, 1H); 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.4 (dd, 1H); 7.3 (d, 2H); 6.6 (d, 1H); 3.5 (m, 4H); 3.0 (m, 5H); 1.2 (d, 6H).
  • MS [m+1]: 361. [0133]
    • Example 8 N-{6-[4-(Cyclohexylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • 150 mg (0.42 mmol) of 4-isopropyl-N-(6-piperazin-1-yl-pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide from Example 7 and 51 mg (0.46 mmol) of cyclohexanealdehyde were dissolved in 5 ml of dichloromethane and 40111 (0.62 mmol) of glacial acetic acid under a nitrogen atmosphere. 133 mg (0.63 mmol) of sodium trisacetoxyborohydride were then added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 90 minutes and, after that, the solvent was evaporated down to dryness. The resulting residue was taken up in water and this mixture was made to pH>11 with a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. After that, the aqueous reaction mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. After the organic phase had been dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent had been filtered and evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was converted into the hydrochloride with ethereal hydrochloric acid, resulting in 156 mg (76% of theory) of the title compound. [0134]
  • [0135] 1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 10.4 (bs, 1H); 10.0 (s, 1H); 7.8 (d, 1H); 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.4 (d, 2H); 7.3 (d, 1H); 6.9 (d, 1H); 4.2 (m, 2H); 3.5 (m, 2H); 3.4 (m, 2H); 3.0 (m, 5H); 1.8 (m, 3H); 1.7 (m, 3H); 1.2 (m, 9H); 1.0 (m, 2H).
  • MS [m+1]: 457 (free base). [0136]
  • The compounds of Examples 9 to 12 were prepared in an analogous manner. [0137]
    • Example 9 N-[6-(4-lsobutylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • [0138] 1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 10.4 (bs, 1H); 10.0 (s, 1H); 7.8 (m, 1H); 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.5 (d, 2H); 7.4 (m, 1H); 6.9 (d, 1H); 4.2 (d, 2H); 3.5 (d, 2H); 3.4 (m, 2H); 3.0 (m, 5H); 2.1 (m, 1H); 1.2 (d, 6H); 1.0 (d, 6H).
  • MS [m+1]: 417 (free base). [0139]
    • Example 10 4-Isopropyl-N-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]benzenesulfonamide
  • [0140] 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ [ppm] 7.7 (d, 1H); 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.4 (dd, 1H); 7.3 (d, 2H); 6.6 (d, 1H); 3.5 (m, 4H); 3.0 (m, 1H); 2.5 (m, 4H); 2.3 (s, 3H); 1.2 (d, 6H).
  • MS [m+1]: 375. [0141]
    • Example 11 N-[6-(4-Ethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • [0142] 1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 10.4 (bs, 1H); 10.0 (s, 1H); 7.8 (d, 1H); 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.4 (d, 2H); 7.3 (d, 1H); 6.9 (d, 1H); 4.3 (m, 2H); 3.5 (m, 2H); 3.2 (m, 2H); 3.1 (m, 2H); 3.0 (m, 3H); 1.3 (m, 3H); 1.2 (d, 6H).
  • MS [m+1]: 389 (free base). [0143]
    • Example 12 N-{6-[4-(Cyclopropylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • [0144] 1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 10.8 (bs, 1H); 10.0 (s, 1H); 7.8 (d, 1H); 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.4 (d, 2H); 7.3 (d, 1H); 6.9 (d, 1H); 4.3 (m, 2H); 3.6 (m, 2H); 3.3 (m, 2H); 3.0 (m, 5H); 1.2 (d, 6H); 1.1 (m, 1H); 0.6 (m, 2H); 0.4 (m, 2H).
  • MS [m+1]: 415 (free base) [0145]
    • Example 13 N-[6-(4-Allyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • 13.1 3-Methyl-1-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)piperazine [0146]
  • 872 mg (6.31 mmol) of potassium carbonate were added to a solution of 500 mg (3.15 mmol) of 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine in 7 ml of dimethylformamide. After that, a solution of 350 mg (3.32 mmol) of 2-methylpiperazine in 3 ml of dimethylformamide was slowly added dropwise to the reaction mixture while cooling with ice (exothermic reaction). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour while cooling with ice and then stirred overnight at room temperature. After the solvent had been evaporated to dryness, the residue was taken up in water and this mixture was extracted three times with diethyl ether. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness, with 3-methyl-1-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)piperazine (Yield: 650 mg, 89% of theory) being obtained. [0147]
  • [0148] 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ [ppm] 9.0 (S, 1H); 8.2 (d, 1H); 6.6 (d, 1H), 4.4 (m, 2H); 3.2 (m, 1H); 3.1 (m, 1H); 2.9 (m, 2H); 2.7 (m, 1H); 1.2 (m, 3H).
  • [0149] 13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 160.4 (C); 146.5 (CH); 134.9 (C); 133.0 (C); 104.5 (CH); 52.2 (CH2); 50.6 (CH); 45.7 (CH2); 45.4 (CH2); 19.6 (CH3).
  • 13.2 1-Allyl-2-methyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)piperazine [0150]
  • 630 mg (2.72 mmol) of 3-methyl-1-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)piperazine from Example 13.1 and 267 μl (3.09 mmol) of allyl bromide were dissolved in 10 ml of dimethylformamide. 1.2 ml (8.4 mmol) of triethylamine were then added dropwise to the solution. After the mixture had been stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, a further 65 μl (0.75 mmol) of allyl bromide were added dropwise to the reaction mixture, which was then stirred for a further hour. After that, a further 65 μl (0.75 mmol) of allyl bromide and 0.5 ml (3.6 mmol) of triethylamine were added dropwise. The mixture was then stirred overnight at room temperature. After the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was taken up in water and this solution was made alkaline using a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. After that, the aqueous reaction mixture was extracted three times with diethyl ether. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated down to dryness, with 707 mg (90% of theory) of the title compound being obtained. [0151]
  • MS [m+1]: 263. [0152]
  • 13.3 6-(4-Allyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridine-3-amine [0153]
  • 4.975 g (22.05 mmol) of tin(II) chloride dihydrate were added to a solution of 707 mg (2.45 mmol) of 1-allyl-2-methyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)piperazine from Example 13.2 in 50 ml of methanol and the resulting mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 90 minutes. After the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, water was added to the resulting residue and the mixture was made alkaline using a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. After that, the aqueous reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The solid which had precipitated out was filtered off with suction and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane. After that, the combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated down to dryness. The resulting title compound was used in the next step without any further purification. [0154]
  • MS [m+1]: 233. [0155]
  • 13.4 N-[6-(4-Allyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride [0156]
  • 305 mg (1.31 mmol) of 6-(4-allyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-ylamine from Example 13.3 and 301 mg (1.38 mmol) of 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride were dissolved in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran at room temperature, after which 0.55 ml (3.94 mmol) of triethylamine was added dropwise. After that, the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. After the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was treated with water and the mixture was made acid with 1N hydrochloric acid and extracted twice with diethylether. The aqueous phase was made alkaline, to pH 9-10, using a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and then extracted twice with diethyl ether. After the combined organic phases had been dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent had been filtered and evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography (cyclohexane/ethylacetate from 50:50 to 20:80). After that, the filtrate was evaporated down to dryness. The resulting residue was converted into the hydrochloride using ethereal hydrochloric acid, with 417 mg (74% of theory) of the title compound being obtained. [0157]
  • [0158] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 11.3 (bs, 1H); 10.0 (s, 1H); 7.8 (d, 1H); 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.4 (d, 2H); 7.3 (d, 1H); 6.9 (d, 1H); 6.0 (m, 1H); 5.5 (m, 2H); 4.3 (m, 1H); 4.0 (m, 1H); 3.7 (m, 1H); 3.4 (m, 1H); 3.2 (m, 3H); 3.0 (m, 3H); 1.4 (d, 3H); 1.2 (d, 6H).
  • MS [m+1]: 415 (free base). [0159]
    • Example 13a N-{6-[4-Allyl-(3S)-methylpiperazin-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide (S enantiomer as free base)
  • The preparation was effected in analogy with the preparation of the racemic compound, with enantiomerically pure (2S)-methylpiperazine being used in step 13.1 instead of racemic 2-methylpiperazine. [0160]
  • [0161] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 11.3 (bs, 1H); 10.0 (s, 1H); 7.8 (s, 1H); 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.4 (d, 1H); 7.3 (d, 1H); 6.9 (d, 1H); 6.0 (m, 1H); 5.5 (m, 2H); 4.3 (m, 2H); 4.0 (m, 1H); 3.7 (m, 1H); 3.4 (m, 1H); 3.2 (m, 2H); 3.1 (m, 1H); 3.0 (m, 2H). 1.4 (d, 3H); 1.2 (d, 6H).
  • MS [m+1]: 415 (free base) [0162]
    • Example 14 4-Isopropyl-N-[6-(3-methyl-4-propylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • 100 mg (0.24 mmol) of N-[6-(4-allyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride from Example 13.4 were dissolved in 10 ml of ethyl acetate, after which 10 mg of palladium on active charcoal (10%) were added and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature under a hydrogen atmosphere. After that, the catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated down to dryness. After 1 ml of dichloromethane had been added to the resulting residue, diethyl ether was slowly added dropwise until the solution became cloudy. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and the precipitate which had formed was filtered off with suction. The filtrate was evaporated down to dryness, after which the residue was dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of dichloromethane and diethyl ether and converted into the hydrochloride by adding ethereal hydrochloric acid. 71 mg (63% of theory) of the title compound were obtained. [0163]
  • [0164] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 10.9 (bs, 1H); 10.0 (s, 1H); 7.8 (d, 1H);
  • 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.4 (d, 2H); 7.3 (d, 1H); 6.9 (d, 1H); 4.2 (m, 2H); 3.6 (m, 1H); 3.4-3.0 (m, 7H); 1.7 (m, 2H); 1.4 (d, 3H); 1.2 (d, 6H); 0.9 (m, 3H). [0165]
  • MS [m+1]: 417 (free base). [0166]
    • Example 14a 4-Isopropyl-N-{6-[(3S)-methyl-4-propylpiperazin-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}benzenesulfonamide as free base (S enantiomer)
  • The preparation was effected in analogy with the preparation of the racemic compound, with enantiomerically pure (2S)-methylpiperazine being used instead of racemic 2-methylpiperazine. [0167]
  • [0168] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 9.7 (s, 1H); 7.7 (s, 1H); 7.6 (d, 2H); 7.4 (d, 2H); 7.2 (d, 1H); 6.7 (d, 1H); 3.8 (m, 2H); 2.9 (m, 2H); 2.8 (m, 1H); 2.6 (m, 2H); 2.3 (m, 1H), 2.1 (m, 2H); 1.4 (m, 2H); 1.2 (d, 6H); 1.0 (m, 3H); 0.8 (m, 3H).
  • MS [m+1]: 417 (free base) [0169]
    • Example 15 N-[5-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • 15.1 1-Allyl-4-(6-nitropyridin-3-yl)piperazine [0170]
  • 315 mg (2.5 mmol) of N-allylpiperazine were dissolved in 5 ml of toluene under an argon atmosphere. 93 mg (0.1 mmol) of tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd[0171] 2 dba3), 126 mg (0.2 mmol) of 2,2′-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (BINAP), 1.14 g (3.5 mmol) of cesium carbonate and 515 mg (2.54 mmol) of 5-bromo-2-nitropyridine were then added and the mixture was stirred at 120° C., in a microwave oven, for 4 hours. After the reaction mixture had cooled down to room temperature, a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride was added. After that, the aqueous reaction mixture was extracted three times with in each case 50 ml of ethyl acetate. After the organic phase had been dried over sodium sulfate, the drying agent had been filtered off and the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, the residue was chromatographed through silica gel using ethyl acetate/methanol (4:1), with 304 mg (46% of theory) of the title compound being obtained.
  • [0172] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ [ppm] 8.2 (m, 2H); 7.2 (dd, 1H); 5.9 (m, 1H); 5.3 (m, 2H); 3.5 (m, 4H); 3.1 (m, 2H); 2.6 (m, 4H).
  • MS [m+1]: 249 [0173]
  • 15.2 5-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridine-2-amine [0174]
  • 300 mg (1.21 mmol) of 1-allyl-4-(6-nitropyridin-3-yl)piperazine from Example 15.1 were dissolved in 20 ml of methanol, after which 2.18 g (9.67 mmol) of tin(II) chloride dihydrate were added and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 2 hours. After the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was treated with water and this mixture was made alkaline using a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and extracted with ethyl acetate. The solid which had precipitated out was filtered off with suction. The phases were then separated and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated down to dryness, with 183 mg (69% of theory) of the title compound being obtained. [0175]
  • MS [m+1]: 219. [0176]
  • 15.3 N-[5-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride [0177]
  • 520 mg (2.38 mmol) of 5-(4-allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-ylamine and 495 mg (2.26 mmol) of 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride were dissolved in 5 ml of tetrahydrofuran at room temperature, after which 1.0 ml (7.15 mmol) of triethylamine was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at 40-50° C. for 6 hours. After the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was treated with water and this mixture was made acid using 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted twice with diethyl ether. The aqueous phase was made alkaline, to pH 9-10, using a 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and then extracted twice with ethyl acetate. After the combined organic phases had been dried over sodium sulfate, the drying agent had been filtered off and the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel using ethyl acetate. After the solvent had been removed, the resulting residue was brought into solution using a little diethyl ether in dichloromethane and then converted into the hydrochloride using ethereal hydrochloric acid. 415 mg (44% of theory) of the title compound were obtained. [0178]
  • [0179] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 11.6 (bs, 1H); 7.9 (d, 1H); 7.8 (d, 2H); 7.5 (dd, 1H); 7.4 (d, 2H); 7.1 (d, 1H); 6.0 (m, 1H); 5.5 (m, 2H); 3.7 (m, 4H); 3.4 (m, 2H); 3.1 (m, 4H); 3.0 (m, 1H); 1.2 (d, 6H).
  • [0180] 13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 153.3 (C); 144.5 (C); 141.6 (C); 138.4 (C); 134.3 (CH); 127.3 (CH); 127.0 (CH); 126.8 (CH); 124.8 (CH2); 113.8 (CH); 57.3 (CH2); 49.6 (CH2); 45.2 (CH2); 33.3 (CH); 23.4 (CH3).
  • MS [m+1]: 401. [0181]
    • Example 16 N-[2-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide
  • 16.1 2-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-nitropyrimidine [0182]
  • 114 mg (2.38 mmol) of 50% sodium hydride were added, under a nitrogen atmosphere and while cooling with ice, to a solution of 273 mg (2.17 mmol) of N-allylpiperazine in 5 ml of dimethylformamide. After 30 minutes, a solution of 440 mg (2.17 mmol) of 2-(methylsulfone)-5-nitropyrimidine in 5 ml of dimethylformamide was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. After 10 minutes, 70 ml of water were added and the reaction mixture was extracted twice with in each case 50 ml of ethyl acetate. After the combined organic phases had been dried over sodium sulfate, the drying agent had been filtered off and the solvent had been evaporated to dryness, 535 mg (99% of theory) of the title compound were obtained. [0183]
  • [0184] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ [ppm] 9.0 (s, 2H); 5.8 (m, 1H); 5.2 (m, 2H); 4.0 (m, 4H); 3.1 (m, 2H); 2.5 (m, 4H).
  • MS [m+1]: 250. [0185]
  • 16.2 2-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-5-amine [0186]
  • 3.84 g (17.0 mmol) of tin(II) chloride dihydrate were added to a solution of 530 mg (2.13 mmol) of 2-(4-allylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-nitropyrimidine from Example 16.1 in 20 ml of methanol and, after that, the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 1 hour. After the solvent had been evaporated to dryness, the residue was treated with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution and then made alkaline using dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After that, the aqueous reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The solid which had precipitated out was filtered off with suction. The phases were then separated and the aqueous phase was extracted in each case twice with ethyl acetate and dichloromethane. After the combined organic phases had been dried over sodium sulfate, the drying agent had been filtered off and the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, 220 mg (46% of theory) of the title compound were obtained. [0187]
  • 16.3 N-[2-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide [0188]
  • 216 mg (0.98 mmol) of 2-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylamine from Example 16.2 and 215 mg (0.98 mmol) of 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride were dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran at room temperature, after which 0.4 ml (3.0 mmol) of triethylamine was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, water was added to the resulting residue. The aqueous reaction mixture was made acid using 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted twice with diethyl ether. The aqueous phase was made alkaline to pH 9-10, using a 1N solution of sodium hydroxide and then extracted three times with diethyl ether. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate. The residue which was obtained after filtering off the drying agent and evaporating the solvent down to dryness was thoroughly stirred with a mixture composed of heptane and diethyl ether, filtered off with suction and dried, with 71 mg (18% of theory) of the title compound being obtained. [0189]
  • [0190] 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ [ppm] 8.0 (s, 2H); 7.7 (d, 2H); 7.3 (d, 2H); 6.2 (bs, 1H); 5.9 (m, 1H); 5.2 (m, 2H); 3.8 (m, 4H); 3.1 (m, 2H); 3.0 (m, 1H); 2.5 (m, 4H); 1.3 (d, 6H).
  • MS [m+1]: 402. [0191]
    • Example 17 4-Isopropyl-N-[2-(4-propylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • 70 mg (0.17 mmol) of N-[2-(4-allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide from Example 16.3 were dissolved in 30 ml of ethyl acetate, after which 10 mg of palladium on active charcoal (10%) were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. The catalyst was then filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated by evaporation. The residue was brought into solution using 25 ml of diethyl ether and converted into the hydrochloride with ethereal hydrochloric acid, resulting in 58 mg (76% of theory) of the title compound being obtained. [0192]
  • [0193] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm] 11.0 (bs, 1H); 10.0 (s, 1H); 8.1 (s, 2H); 7.7 (d, 2H); 7.5 (d, 2H); 4.6 (m, 2H); 3.5 (m, 2H); 3.4 (m, 2H); 3.0 (m, 5H); 1.7 (m, 2H); 1.3 (d, 6H); 0.9 m, 3H).
  • MS [m+1]: 404 (free base). [0194]
    • Example 18 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide
  • 18.1N-(6-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide [0195]
  • 996 mg (5.0 mmol) of isopropylbenzenesulfonamide were dissolved in 20 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide, after which 288 mg (6.0 mmol) of 50% sodium hydride were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. 819 mg (5.5 mmol) of 4,6-dichloropyrimidine were then added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Subsequently, the mixture was heated at 90° C. for 3 hours and, after that, stirred at 120° C., in a microwave oven, for 30 minutes. After the reaction mixture had cooled down to room temperature, it was diluted with 150 ml of water, neutralized with citric acid and extracted three times with diethyl ether. The residue, which was obtained after drying with sodium sulfate and after removing the solvent, was dissolved in 100 ml of diethyl ether and extracted with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The aqueous phase was acidified and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phase was dried, filtered and evaporated down to dryness, with 440 mg (28% of theory) of the title compound being obtained. [0196]
  • MS [m+1]: 312. [0197]
  • 18.2 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide [0198]
  • 430 mg (1.38 mmol) of N-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide from Example 18.1 were dissolved in 3 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide, after which 1.74 g (13.79 mmol) of N-allylpiperazine were added and the mixture was stirred overnight. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C., in a microwave oven, for 45 minutes. After the reaction mixture had cooled down to room temperature, it was diluted with 50 ml of water. After that, the aqueous reaction mixture was extracted with 50 ml of ethyl acetate and the precipitate was filtered off with suction, with 190 mg (34% of theory) of the title compound being obtained. [0199]
  • [0200] 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ [ppm] 8.4 (s, 1H); 7.8 (d, 2H); 7.3 (d, 2H); 6.1 (s, 1H); 5.9 (m, 1H); 5.2 (m, 2H); 3.6 (m, 4H); 3.0 (m, 3H); 2.5 (m, 4H); 1.3 (d, 6H).
  • MS [m+1]: 402. [0201]
    • Example 19 N-[2-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-5-yl]-4-bromobenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • The preparation was effected in analogy with Example 1.3, with 4-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride being used instead of 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The reaction product which was obtained was converted into the hydrochloride using ethereal hydrochloric acid, resulting in 398 mg of the title compound. [0202]
  • MS [m+1]: 436/438 [0203]
    • Example 20 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-cyclopropylbenzenesulfonamide
  • 398 mg (0.84 mmol) of N-[6-(4-allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-bromobenzenesulfonamide from Example 19,101 mg (1.18 mmol) of cylcopropylboronic acid, 676 mg (3.19 mmol) of K[0204] 3PO4 and 26 mg (0.09 mmol) of tricyclohexylphosphine were dissolved in 4 ml of toluene and 0.2 ml of water under a nitrogen atmosphere. 10 mg (0.04 mmol) of palladium(II) acetate were then added and the mixture was stirred at 100° C., in a microwave oven, for one hour. After the solvent had been evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was treated with water and the mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate. Because the phases only separated poorly, the finely divided solid was filtered off. The aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. After the combined organic phases had been dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent had been filtered and evaporated down to dryness, the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography.
  • MS [m+1]: 399 [0205]
  • The compounds of the following examples 21 to 40 were prepared in analogous manner: [0206]
    • Example 21 4-Isopropyl-N-[2-(4-propylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 403 (free base). [0207]
    • Example 22 4-Isopropyl-N-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-4-propylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]benzenesulfonamide trifluoroacetate
  • MS [m+1]: 431 (free base). [0208]
    • Example 23 N-[2-(4-Allyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 441 (free base). [0209]
    • Example 24 N-[6-(4-Allyl-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 429 (free base) [0210]
    • Example 25 N-[6-(4-Allyl-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 455 (free base) [0211]
    • Example 26 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonamide
  • MS [m+1]: 427 [0212]
    • Example 27: 4-Bromo-N-[6-(4-propylpiperazin-1 yl)pyridin-3-yl]-benzenesulfonamide
  • MS (m+1]: 439/441 [0213]
    • Example 28 4-Chlbro-N-[6-(4-propylpiperazin-1yl)pyridin-3-yl]-benzenesulfonamide
  • MS [m+l]: 395 [0214]
    • Example 29 4-isopropyl-N-[6-(5-propyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 415 (free base) [0215]
    • Example 30 N-[6-(5-Allyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+l]: 413 (free base) [0216]
    • Example 31 N-[6-(4-Propylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-vinylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 387 (free base) [0217]
    • Example 32 N-{6-[4-(3-Fluoropropyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl}-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 421 (free base) [0218]
    • Example 33 4-Isopropyl-N-[6-(4-prop-2-yn-1-ylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 399 (free base) [0219]
    • Example 34 4-Ethyl-N-[6-(4-propylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 389 (free base) [0220]
    • Example 35 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 393 (free base) [0221]
    • Example 36 4-Isopropyl-N-(4-methyl-6-piperazin-1-ylpyridin-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 375 (free base) [0222]
    • Example 37 N-[6-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-methylpyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 415 (free base) [0223]
    • Example 38 4-Isopropyl-N-[4-methyl-6-(4-propylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 417 (free base) [0224]
    • Example 39 N-[4-Methyl-6-(4-propylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-vinylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 401 (free base) [0225]
    • Example 40 N-[6-(4-Butylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 417 (free base) [0226]
    • Example 41 N-{6-[(3S)-4-Ethyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]pyridin-3-yl)-4-isopropylbenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride
  • MS [m+1]: 403 (free base) [0227]
    • EXAMPLES OF GALENIC ADMINISTRATION FORMS
  • A) Tablets [0228]
  • Tablets of the following composition are pressed on a tablet press in the customary manner: [0229]
      40 mg of substance from Example 2
     120 mg of corn starch
    13.5 mg of gelatin
      45 mg of lactose
    2.25 mg of Aerosil ® (chemically pure silicic
      acid in submicroscopically fine dispersion)
    6.75 mg of potato starch (as a 6% paste)
  • B). Sugar-Coated Tablets [0230]
    20 mg of substance from Example 2
    60 mg of core composition
    70 mg of saccharification composition
  • The core composition consists of 9 parts of corn starch, 3 parts of lactose and 1 part of 60:40 vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer. The saccharification composition consists of 5 parts of cane sugar, 2 parts of corn starch, 2 parts of calcium carbonate and 1 part of talc. The sugar-coated tablets which had been prepared in this way are subsequently provided with a gastric juice-resistant coating. [0231]
  • Biological Investigations—Receptor Binding Studies: [0232]
  • The substance to be tested was either dissolved in methanol/Chremophor®) (BASF-AG) or in dimethyl sulfoxide and then diluted with water to the desired concentration. [0233]
  • Dopamine D[0234] 3 Receptor:
  • The assay mixture (0.250 ml) was composed of membranes derived from −106 HEK-293 cells possessing stably expressed human dopamine D[0235] 3 receptors, 0.1 nM [1251]-iodosulpride and incubation buffer (total binding) or, in addition, test substance (inhibition curve) or 1 μM spiperone (nonspecific binding). Each assay mixture was run in triplicate.
  • The incubation buffer contained 50 mM tris, 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl[0236] 2, 2 mM MgCl2 and 0.1% bovine serum albumin, 10 μM quinolone and 0.1% ascorbic acid (prepared fresh daily). The buffer was adjusted to pH 7.4 with HCl.
  • Dopamine D[0237] 2L Receptor:
  • The assay mixture (1 ml) was composed of membranes from ˜10[0238] 6 HEK-293 cells possessing stably expressed human dopamine D2L receptors (long isoform) and 0.01 nM [125I] iodospiperone and incubation buffer (total binding) or, in addition, test substance (inhibition curve) or 1 μM haloperidol (nonspecific binding). Each assay mixture was run in triplicate.
  • The incubation buffer contained 50 mM tris, 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl[0239] 2, 2 mM MgCl2 and 0.1% bovine serum albumin. The buffer was adjusted to pH 7.4 with HCl.
  • Measurement and Analysis: [0240]
  • After having been incubated at 25° C. for 60 minutes, the assay mixtures were filtered through a Wathman GF/B glass fiber filter under vacuum using a cell collecting device. The filters were transferred to scintillation viols using a filter transfer system. After 4 ml of Ultima Gold® (Packard) have been added, the samples were shaken for one hour and the radioactivity was then counted in a Beta-Counter (Packard, Tricarb 2000 or 2200CA). The cpm values were converted into dpm using a standard quench series and the program belonging to the instrument. [0241]
  • The inhibition curves were analyzed by means of iterative nonlinear regression analysis using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) which is similar to the “LIGAND” program described by Munson and Rodbard. [0242]
  • In these tests, the compounds according to the invention exhibit very good affinities for the D[0243] 3 receptor (<100 nM, frequently <50 nM) and bind selectively to the D3 receptor. The results of the binding tests are given in Table 1.
    TABLE 1
    Example Ki (D3) [nM] Selectivity vs. D2L*
     1 3.0 232
     2 5.5 25
     3 5.9 15
     5 11.4 108
     6 9.7 169
     7 11.4 68
    10 7.5 93
    11 6.2 77
    13 3.6 131
     13a 2.7 96
    14 2.5 81
     14a 1.5 184
    16 3.8 131
    17 8.2 148
    19 36.9 91
    22 21.9 22
    24 25.0 47
    27 21.4 55
    28 25.3 67
    29 16.9 31
    30 11.1 17
    31 14.0 96
    32 17.0 74
    34 9.6 73
    35 26.6 51
    36 5.4 50
    37 2.7 86
    38 17.2 22
    39 34.6 30

Claims (16)

1. An N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compound of the general formula I
Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00015
in which
Q is a bivalent, 6-membered heteroaromatic radical which possesses 1 or 2 N atoms as ring members and which optionally carries one or two substituents Ra which is/are selected, independently of each other, from halogen, CN, NO2, CO2R4, COR5, C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl;
Ar is phenyl or a 6-membered heteroaromatic radical which possesses 1 or 2 N atoms as ring members and which optionally carries one or two substituents Rb, which is/are selected from halogen, NO2, CN, CO2R4, COR5, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl, with it also being possible for two radicals R which are bonded to adjacent C atoms of Ar to be together C3-C4-alkylene;
n is 0, 1 or 2;
R1 is hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-hydroxyalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-alkenyl or C3-C4-alkynyl;
R2 is C1-C4-alkyl or, together with R1, is C2-C5-alkylene or, in the case of n=2, the two radicals R2 can together be C1-C4-alkylene;
R3 is hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl;
R4 is C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; and
R5 is hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, phenyl or benzyl;
the N-oxides thereof and the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts of these compounds;
with the exception of the compounds: 4-methyl-N-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide and 4-chloro-N-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide.
2. The compound as claimed in claim 1, in which the piperazine ring is bonded to the heteroaromatic radical 0 in the para position in relation to the group N(R3)—SO2—Ar.
3. The compound as claimed in one of the preceding claims, in which Q is a radical of the formula
Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00016
in which A1, A2 and A3 are, independently of each other, N or CH, one or two of the variables A1, A2 and A3 can also be C—Ra, k=0 or 1 and Ra is selected from halogen, C1-C4-alkyl and C1-C4-haloalkyl, with A1, A2 and A3 not simultaneously being N or simultaneously being selected from CH and C—Ra.
4. The compound as claimed in claim 3, in which Q is pyridin-2,5-diyl which carries the piperazine radical in the 2 position.
5. The compound as claimed in one of the preceding claims, in which the radical Ar carries a substituent Rb in the para position and, where appropriate, a further substituent Rb in the meta position or in the ortho position, in each case based on the binding site of the sulfonamide group.
6. The compound as claimed in one of the preceding claims, in which Ar is phenyl or pyridyl, which radicals possess, where appropriate, one or 2 Rb substituents.
7. The compound as claimed in one of the preceding claims, in which R1 is different from hydrogen and methyl.
8. The compound as claimed in claim 1 of the general formula Ia
Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00017
in which n, R1, R2, R3, Ra and Rb have the meanings given in claim 1 and in which either A1, A2 and A3 are, independently of each other, N or CH and one or two of the variables A1, A2 and A3 can also be C—Ra, with A1, A2 and A3 not simultaneously being N or simultaneously being selected from CH and C—Ra,
X and Y are selected from CH, C—Rb′ and N, in which Rb′ is halogen, methyl, CN, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl, with X and Y not simultaneously being N or simultaneously being C—Rb′, and
k is 0 or 1.
9. The compound as claimed in claim 8 of the general formula Ia.1
Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00018
in which n, X, Y, R1, R2, R3, Ra and Rb have the meanings given in claim 8 and q is 0, 1 or 2.
10. The compound as claimed in claim 8 of the general formula Ia.2
Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00019
in which n, X, Y, R1, R2, R3, Ra and Rb have the meanings given in claim 8 and q is 0, 1 or 2.
11. The compound as claimed in claim 8, in which k=0, with A1, A2 and A3 being, independently of each other, N or CH and A1, A2 and A3 not simultaneously being N or simultaneously being CH.
12. The compound as claimed in one of claims 8 to 11, in which n is 0 or 1 and, in the case of n=1, R2 is bonded to the C atom of the piperazine ring which is adjacent to the group R1=N and is a methyl group having the S configuration.
13. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises at least one N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compound as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10 and/or at least one physiologically tolerated acid addition salt of I and/or an N-oxide of I, where appropriate together with physiologically acceptable carriers and/or auxiliary substances.
14. The use of at least one N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compound of the formula I
Figure US20040204422A1-20041014-C00020
in which Q, Ar, n, R1, R2 and R3 have the previously mentioned meanings, of the N-oxides thereof and of the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts thereof for producing a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases which respond to influencing by dopamine D3 receptor antagonists or dopamine D3 agonists.
15. The use as claimed in claim 14 for treating diseases of the central nervous system.
16. The use as claimed in claim 14 for treating kidney function disturbances.
US10/413,233 2003-04-14 2003-04-14 N-[(Piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds Abandoned US20040204422A1 (en)

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US10/413,233 US20040204422A1 (en) 2003-04-14 2003-04-14 N-[(Piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds
NZ543101A NZ543101A (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor
CN2004800165672A CN1805937B (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor.
DE602004012400T DE602004012400T2 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N- [piperazinyl] hetaryl] arylsulfonamide derivatives with affinity to the dopamine D3 receptor
AT04726985T ATE388939T1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-((PIPERAZINYL)HETARYL)ARYLSULFONAMIDE DERIVATIVES WITH AFFINITY FOR THE DOPAMINE D3 RECEPTOR
AU2004228354A AU2004228354B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor
US10/552,842 US20070054918A1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetary]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine d3 receptor
CA2522319A CA2522319C (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds and derivatives thereof with affinity for the dopamine d3 receptor
PCT/EP2004/003872 WO2004089905A1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine d3 receptor
ES04726985T ES2303065T3 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N - ((PIPERAZINIL) HETARILE) ARILSULFONAMIDE COMPOUNDS WITH AFFINITY FOR DOPAMINE D3 RECEIVER.
BRPI0409374-7A BRPI0409374A (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 compound, pharmaceutical composition, use of at least one compound, and method for treating a medical disorder
EP04726985A EP1613596B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine d3 receptor
PL04726985T PL1613596T3 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine d3 receptor
MXPA05010986A MXPA05010986A (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine d3 receptor.
KR1020057019566A KR101124911B1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[Piperazinylhetaryl]arylsulfonamide Compounds with Affinity for the Dopamine D3 Receptor
JP2006505100A JP4864694B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl) hetaryl] arylsulfonamide compounds having affinity for dopamine D3 receptor
IL171421A IL171421A (en) 2003-04-14 2005-10-16 N-[(piperazinyi) hetaryl] arylsulfonamide compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use for the manufacture of medicaments with affinity for the dopamine d3 receptor
ZA2005/09122A ZA200509122B (en) 2003-04-14 2005-11-11 N-[(piperazinyl)hetary]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine d3 receptor
US13/117,269 US8476275B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2011-05-27 N-[piperazinyl hetaryl]arylsufonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor

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PCT/EP2004/003872 Continuation WO2004089905A1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine d3 receptor
PCT/EP2004/003872 Continuation-In-Part WO2004089905A1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine d3 receptor
US11/552,842 Continuation US20070097547A1 (en) 2005-10-27 2006-10-25 Soft magnetic film, method of manufacturing soft magnetic film, thin film magnetic head that uses soft magnetic film, and method of manufacturing thin film magnetic head

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US10/413,233 Abandoned US20040204422A1 (en) 2003-04-14 2003-04-14 N-[(Piperazinyl)hetaryl]arylsulfonamide compounds
US10/552,842 Abandoned US20070054918A1 (en) 2003-04-14 2004-04-13 N-[(piperazinyl)hetary]arylsulfonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine d3 receptor
US13/117,269 Expired - Fee Related US8476275B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2011-05-27 N-[piperazinyl hetaryl]arylsufonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor

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US13/117,269 Expired - Fee Related US8476275B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2011-05-27 N-[piperazinyl hetaryl]arylsufonamide compounds with affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor

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JP (1) JP4864694B2 (en)
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CN (1) CN1805937B (en)
AT (1) ATE388939T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2004228354B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0409374A (en)
CA (1) CA2522319C (en)
DE (1) DE602004012400T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2303065T3 (en)
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US20110294817A1 (en) 2011-12-01
ZA200509122B (en) 2007-04-25
AU2004228354A1 (en) 2004-10-21
EP1613596B1 (en) 2008-03-12
CA2522319A1 (en) 2004-10-21
CN1805937A (en) 2006-07-19
ATE388939T1 (en) 2008-03-15
US8476275B2 (en) 2013-07-02
KR101124911B1 (en) 2012-03-27
JP4864694B2 (en) 2012-02-01
CA2522319C (en) 2013-10-15
US20070054918A1 (en) 2007-03-08
IL171421A (en) 2012-03-29
MXPA05010986A (en) 2005-12-15
BRPI0409374A (en) 2006-04-25
EP1613596A1 (en) 2006-01-11
CN1805937B (en) 2012-07-11
JP2006522769A (en) 2006-10-05
ES2303065T3 (en) 2008-08-01
NZ543101A (en) 2009-02-28
DE602004012400T2 (en) 2009-04-02
DE602004012400D1 (en) 2008-04-24

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