US20040194424A1

US20040194424A1 - Composite exterior cladding panel

Info

Publication number: US20040194424A1
Application number: US10/692,155
Authority: US
Inventors: Gordon Frost; Steven Kilmer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Noble Composites Inc
Priority date: 2002-10-22
Filing date: 2003-10-22
Publication date: 2004-10-07
Also published as: US8501076B2; EP1562734A1; AU2003301560A1; US20110052862A1; WO2004037521A1

Abstract

A new cladding panel for use on recreational vehicles is produced by either a hand-laid or vacuum infusion process. In hand-laid method, the cladding is formed by first introducing and curing a layer of gel coat onto a mold surface. Layers of fiber reinforced resin material are subsequently laid onto the gel coating and molded to form the cladding panel. In the vacuum infusion process, the gel coating is first laid onto a mold surface of a vacuum infusion mold, and then a dry ply materials are laid onto the gel coating. The mold is closed and a resin component is infused into the dry laminate material under vacuum pressure and cured. The cladding panels produced by these methods produced are seamless and have limited waste associated with post-production trimming processes. Cladding panels produced using the vacuum infusion process have a more consistent composition and achieve improved part-to-part consistency.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority from provisional application Serial No. 60/420,153, filed Oct. 22, 2002.[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention generally relates to reinforced cladding panels and more specifically to composite exterior cladding panels without a separate backer material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is commonplace with recreational vehicles, such as campers or motor homes, to use glass fiber-reinforced wall panels, or cladding panels, for some of their exterior surfaces. These wall panels can vary in width up to, for example, 1.6 to 3 meters (6 to 10 feet), and can have lengths of up to 12 meters (40 ft.) or more. While the composite material from which the panels are made provides an adequate material for the recreational vehicle side walls, the presently utilized processes and equipment for manufacturing the composite material invariably may emit volatile organic compounds, (VOC's), both within the facility and as exhaust to the atmosphere.

One process of making the composite materials first begins with use of an elongate mold. The molds are slightly larger than the panels to be produced. The upper surface of the molds are finished to provide a substantially flat and smooth surface, since this surface forms the visible exterior surface of the panels.

The prepared mold is first sprayed with a coating known as a gel coating, which cures to form a high gloss exterior surface for the panel. Once cured, a resin material and fiberglass, referred to as laminate, are applied to the top surface of the gel coating, and then a plurality of panels, typically hard board (such as luan panels) are positioned side by side on top of the fiberglass. The seams between the panels are covered with a seam reinforcement material, and a vacuum bag is then placed over the top of the panels and a slight vacuum is introduced to hold laminate and wood in compression during cure to form a finished product. Once the molding process is complete, the product is pulled from the mold and cut and trimmed to the proper size.

One method of applying the gel coating and laminates is to maintain the elongate mold in a stationary fashion, and move the gel-coating and laminate sprayers longitudinally and spray the entire length of the elongate mold. While this provides for an excellent layer of gel coating and laminate on the mold, capturing the fumes of the gel coating and laminate (resin) can be difficult, due to the movement of the sprayers and size of the mold. Alternatively, a mold may be moved under a gelcoat and resin applicator, such as described in commonly assigned copending application Ser. Nos. 09/998,731 and 09/997,893, filed Nov. 30, 2001, entitled “PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING RESIN-BASED COMPOSITE MATERIAL” to Miller, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety (“Miller”).

Additionally, a natural product is typically used as a backer material, such as luan. Luan is typically available in sheets of 1.2 meters×2.4 meters (4 ft.×8 ft.) dimensions, and creates processing and cosmetic inherent to the material. These drawbacks include inconsistencies in quality (moisture content, weight variation, density variation, etc.), rot, water absorption, and telegraphing seam lines due to the difference in size of the luan backer relative to the final product. Furthermore, as maintenance of the molds is required, the molds are moved into and out of their various positions by way of a forklift and roller dolly(s), which due to the size of the elongate mold, can be a difficult operation. The objects of the invention are therefore to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a new cladding panel that is easy to manufacture and addresses some of the problems found in the prior art.

In one method, called the hand-laid method, the cladding is formed by first introducing a layer of gel coat onto a mold surface. The gel coat is preferably sprayed on the mold surface, either using a hand sprayer or a reciprocator, then the getl coat is allowed to cure. Next, a layer of laminate (resin and chopped fiberglass fibers) material isis applied sprayed on to the gelcoat, then a layer of core material (generally a mat) is de-reeled on to the uncured laminate. Once the core material is in place, a second layer of laminate is applied onto the core material (again preferably using a reciprocator). Rollers are used at various stages to press out any air between the layers, especially after each resin/chop application and preferably after the core material is added. The rollers may include automated rollers attached to the reciprocator, and preferably include a number of operators using hand rollers as well. A light weight veil material is preferably laid onto the second layer of laminate and rolled in to create a smooth back side. The resin is then cured to form the cladding material. Additionally, it may be desirable to apply a veil on top of the gel coat layer for an improved exterior surface.

In another method, the vacuum infusion method, a layer of gel coat is first cured onto a mold surface. A layer of dry fabric ply materials is de-reeled onto the gel coated mold. The ply material prefeably consistsing of a number of layers to achieve desired proprteties. These layers preferably include of chopped one or more fibrous mats (such as glass mattings), one or more layers of core matting material, one or more layers of flow medium (optional), and one of more layers of veil material (optional), all of which can optionally be stitched together, are de-reeled onto the gel coated mold. Alternatively, such layers can be needled or adhesively or otherwise bonded. Less preferably, the layers may be merely placed on top of each other. In any event, such bonding should not be visible on the surface fo the molded part. Preferably the ply materials are generally dry plies.

After the ply materials are positioned on the mold, the mold is closed by placing a silicone vacuum bag over the mold encompassing the gel coated surface and dry plies. The vacuum bag is sealed along the perimeter of the mold and vacuum is applied. Once substantially all of the air is thus removed from beneath the bag, back the resin delivery system is attached and resin is introduced in to the dry ply layers by siphoning the resin into the vacuum bag due to the difference in atmospheric pressure. The vacuum bag is removed when the dry laminate material is substantially entirely infused with the resin component and preferably after the resin has cured to at least the “gelled” point. The complete structure is then preferably left on the mold until the resin is then fully cured, therein by forming the cladding panel.

The present invention offers many advantages over prior and cladding manufacturing processes. First, the cladding panels may be produced without the seams commonly found in the prior art, while having a good exterior surface, preferably without fiber prominence and preferably forming a nearly perfect flat surface without visible imperfections, such as waviness, seams, or visible surface markings from manufacturing equipment. Also, the amount of waste associated with post-production trimming processes is greatly reduced. Third, the vacuum infusion process produces cladding panels with more consistent resin content throughout the laminate. Fourth, the vacuum infusion process can be precisely controlled in terms of the amount of resin delivered to the laminate panel, thereby ensuring part-to-part consistency and decreasing resin waste. Fifth, the vacuum infusion process (close molding) prevents all volatile organic compounds from being emitted into the environment. Sixth, the water absorption and rotting associated with wood backers is not applicable with an all-composite panel.

The foregoing and other advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following disclosure in which one or more preferred embodiments of the invention are described in detail and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It is contemplated that variations in procedures, structural features and arrangement of parts may appear to a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 describes a hand-laid process for making a cladding panel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; [0014]
FIG. 2 is a top view of a vacuum infusion mold containing a gel coated layer and the dry ply layers according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention; [0015]
FIG. 3 is a section view of the laminate material of FIG. 2 according to one preferred embodiment; [0016]
FIG. 4 is a section view of the laminate material of FIG. 2 according to another preferred embodiment; [0017]
FIG. 5 is a side view of a portion of the vacuum infusion mold of FIG. 2; and [0018]
FIG. 6 is a side view of another portion of the vacuum infusion mold of FIG. 2.[0019]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 as a “hand-laid process” for making the [0020] cladding panel 10, the method begins by activating a spray apparatus 14 such that a layer 16 of a gel coat material is applied onto a mold surface 12. Preferably the gel coat layers are applied using a reciprocator, such as those sold by Magnum-Venus of Kent, Wa. Preferably, the wet layer 16 is applied at a rate to produce a dry thickness of between approximately 0.3556 mm to 0.4064 mm. As one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate, multiple spray apparatus 14 may be used to apply the gel coating to achieve the desired thickness. For example, two such apparatus may be used, in which each apparatus introduces approximately one half of the desired thickness of the layer 16. Similarly, each apparatus 14 could spray a gel-coating layer 16 at a different thickness, wherein the sum of the thickness of the layer 16 is within a desired range. The gel coating is preferably a commercially available polyester or polyester-based resin having low hazardous air pollutants (HAP's). Furthermore, the gel coat layers may be applied manually by an operator.
[0021] Layer 16 is allowed to set at room temperature (generally 80 degrees Fahrenheit), whereby the gel coating is substantially cured. The curing conditions will depend upon numerous factors, including the composition of the gel coating and the thickness of the gel-coating layer 16. For a dry thickness of the finished gel-coating layer being approximately 14-16 mils according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the curing time is about 45 minutes at 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Of course, the gel-coating layer 16 could be introduced through an oven 18 or using a heated mold surface, thereby accelerating the cure time of the gel-coated surface. In an alternative embodiment, a film layer is applied to the mold in place of the gel coat layer, the film comprising an exterior grade film, and may include graphics for the RV sidewall. One example of such a commercially available film is SOLLX™ film, available from GE Plastics.
As the [0022] gel coat layer 16 has adequately cured or exits the oven 18, a laminate layer 20 is introduced to the layer 16 from a laminate machine 22 having a desired thickness. The first laminate layer 20 is approximately 45 to 50 mils in wet thickness and contains a resin and a chopped fiber material introduced simultaneously through applicator devices (nozzles) contained within the machine 20, such devices preferably comprising one or more reciprocators, such as sold by Magnum-Venus of Kent, Wa. Preferably, the fiber material comprises glass fibers, natural fibers or synthetic fibers, each of which is used as a composite reinforcement. Preferably the fibers comprise about 23-25% of the total weight of the laminate layer 20, but the glass content may be higher, up to 29% or more. Similarly, the fiber content could be lower, but the resulting laminate may require more resin, or may not have adequate tensile strength or thermal properties. Alternatively, the layer 20 may comprise chopped fibers, continuous fibers, or roll goods made from chopped or continuous fibers, or a combination of fibers and roll goods. Further, the layer 20 may comprise a resin-impregnated sheet of reinforcement material. The sheet 12 having layers 16 and 20 are then introduced through a series of roller mechanisms 24 or similar devices known to those of skill in the art to remove air from within the laminate layer 20. Such roller mechanisms may comprise automated rollers such as those available from Magnum Venus with its reciprocators, and/or may comprise operators using manual rollers. Preferably the sheet is rolled after each layer of laminate is applied.
A preferred The chopped fiber material is preferably a chopped glass fiber material in roving, continuous filament or strand form, and is chopped to approximately 1 inch in length. Some preferred chopped fiber materials include chopped 207 Roving, chopped strand matting, and chopped continuous filaments, all available from Owens Corning in many forms. [0023]
The resin material is preferably a polyester modified resin that cures at ambient temperatures. The resin may contain approximately 1-2% by weight MEKP (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide) as a curing agent depending upon ambient conditions. [0024]
As one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate, multiple [0025] laminate machines 20 and rollers 24 may be used in series to apply the laminate layer 20 to achieve the desired wet thickness. For example, two laminate machines 22 and two roller mechanism 24 sets may be used in series, in which each laminate, machine 22 introduces portion of the desired thickness of the laminate layer 20. As such, each laminate machine 22 may apply a different thickness, or the same thickness, of the laminate material such that the sum total of all the applications is within the desired wet thickness range.
Next, a [0026] core material 26 is preferably laid onto the laminate layer 20, and such that substantially all the air is removed between the laminate layer 20 and core material 26. A roller mechanism (not shown) or similar device may be used to ensure that substantially all of the air is removed between the laminate layer 20 and core material 26, or a vacuum system may be utilized to remove excess air.
The [0027] core material 26 consists of core glass fiber bound together with a binder resin. A preferred The core glass fiber for use in the core material 26 preferably has a nominal length of about 15.875 mm (0.625 inches) and has a diameter of approximately 13 micrometers. The binder resin is preferably a modified polyvinylacrylate, acrylic, or equivalent binder resin. Two preferred core materials include C2050-KA15 and C2035-KA05, each commercially available from Owens Corning. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the core material 26 includes a second layer to replace the glass in the laminate layer 20.
Preferably, a second layer of [0028] laminate material 28 is then introduced from a second laminate machine 30 onto the core material 26. The second layer of laminate material preferably has a composition that is similar to that of the first layer of laminate material 20, and is applied to a wet thickness similar to that of the first layer 22. A roller mechanism 32 is used to push out air from the second laminate layer 28. As described above, a series of laminate machines and/or roller mechanisms may be used to ensure that the laminate layer 28 is air free and of proper thickness. It may optionally also be desirable to apply a resin-coat to the top of the laminate material to fully wet out the laminate material and the veil described below. In a further alternative embodiment (not shown), the second laminate layer is attached to the core material, preferably on the opposite side to which a first laminate is likewise attached.
Next, a light-facing [0029] veil 34 is preferably applied to the second laminate layer 28. The addition of the light-facing veil 34 provides a smooth desirable finish for the cladding panel 10. The veil 34 also provides a smooth surface for bonding. A roller mechanism 36 lightly presses the veil 34 to ensure complete wetout of the resin component of the laminate material of the second layer 28 within the interstices of the veil 34. Similarly, a similar veil may be provided adjacent the gel coat layer 16, to provide for an improved exterior surface. In an alternative embodiment, one or more of such veils may be attached to the laminate layers, and/or to the core material as described above.
The light-facing [0030] veil 34 comprises a chopped fiber strand having an acrylic, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or urea/formaldehyde binder system and a strand thickness of approximately 11 to 13 microns in diameter. One veil 34 that may be used is C40S-XD34, a chopped glass fiber strand having a modified polyvinyl alcohol and acrylic binder system and fiber strand thickness of approximately 11 microns. C40S-XD34 is a product commercially available from Owens Corning. In an alternative embodiment, a similar veil may be applied between the gel coat layer and the laminate layers. Finally, the part is then allowed to sit to substantially cure the resin components of the laminate layers 20, 28, therein forming the cladding panel 10. Preferably, this occurs in approximately 60 to 90 minutes, depending upon the ambient conditions on the manufacturing line and the composition of the resin. Although not shown here, a vacuum bag may be applied to the backside of the layers prior to, or during, cure. Heat and/or UV may be applied to promote the cure of the resin. Such a process may be formed on a stationary mold, or in a moving mold, or in a continuous process as described in the Miller applications referenced above.
The [0031] cladding panel 10 formed according to the process of FIG. 1 offers numerous advantages over the prior art. First, a cladding panel 10 may be produced without the seams commonly found in the prior art. Also, the amount of waste associated with post-production trimming processes is greatly reduced. Thirdly, the surface of the panel is improved. Fourth, the properties of the panel may be tailored to the application, such that the layers may impart strength or performance characteristics for particular customer applications. Additionally, although not shown, a customer may require cutouts (e.g. for a window), and such a panel may include a provision in the mold or an insert on top of the mold to for the cutout, or to limit the amount of resin and/or reinforcement that is discarded when making such a cutout.
Another preferred method for making a [0032] cladding panel 50, as shown in FIGS. 2-6 below, utilizes a vacuum infusion process for making the cladding panel. The vacuum infusion process offers substantial improvement in terms of part-to-part efficiency and limits the amount of scrap as compared with normal cladding panel production processes.
As shown in FIG. 2, a process for making the [0033] cladding panel 50 begins by applying a wet layer of gel coating 56 to a mold surface 58 of a tool 65 at a desired wet thickness. The mold surface 58 is large enough to form an entire cladding panel 50 and typically has a size ranging from 180 to 350 square feet. As shown above in FIG. 1, the gel coating 56 is preferably applied using a spray apparatus. Preferably, the thickness of the gel coating 56 is between approximately 0.18 and 0.20 inches wet. Edge masking tape (not shown) is added to an outer portion 59 of the mold surface 58 to catch overspray from the accumulated gel coat material. Preferably, polypropylene edge masking shields are attached to gel coating spray equipment to prevent marring or scratching of the tool surface while controlling overspray on edges. The composition of the gel coating 56 is similar to the gel-coating layer 16 of FIG. 1 and is allowed to cure at ambient temperatures for about 45 minutes (depending upon gel coat composition and ambient conditions). The edge masking sheets are then removed, thereby exposing the outer portion 59 of the mold surface 58. It may also be preferred to remove the masking tape prior to the gel coat 56 completing its cure. As noted above, a film may be applied in place of the gel coat layer and may include custom graphics.
Now referring to a preferred mold design for an infusion process, an [0034] outer portion 59 on one side (shown as the upper side of FIG. 2) of the mold surface 58 also has an injection port 60 coupled to a resin holding tank 61 that contains a quantity of resin 62. The opposite side 63 of the outer portion 59 of the tool 65 has one or more vacuum ports 64 coupled to a vacuum source (not shown). It may be preferred that the resin injection port(s) 60 and vacuum port(s) 64 be designed to access the distribution netting 90 and vacuum netting 92 through the silicone vacuum bag 94.
Next, a layer of [0035] dry plies materials 72 is laid onto the cured gel coated layer 56. As shown in FIG. 3, the dry plies layer of ply material 72 preferably includes a number of layers. In a preferred embodiment, the layer of ply materials 72 comprises a first chopped glass fiber layer 74, a core material layer 76, a second glass fiber layer 78, and a veil layer 80 (optional) preferably stitched together using a stitching material 82. The stitching material 82 is preferably a material that minimizes the potential for preferential shrinking at the stitching sites. One preferred stitching material 82 is a polyester-based multifilament yarn. As noted above, the layers preferably each comprise a glass fiber layer.
The first and second chopped [0036] glass fiber layer 74, 78 preferably comprise a wide variety of glass or polymer fiber types chopped to approximately 1 inch in length. One preferable chopped material used in the glass layer 74, 78 comprises gun-roving chop of approximately 2 inches in length.
The [0037] core material layer 76 preferably comprises a core glass fiber bound together with a binder resin. The core glass fiber preferably has a nominal length of about 0.625 inches having a diameter of approximately 13 micrometers. The binder resin is preferably a modified polyvinylacrylate, acrylic, or equivalent binder resin. Two preferred core materials include C2050KA15 and C2035KA05, each commercially available from Owens Corning. While the core material layer 76 is shown as one layer in FIG. 3, it may consist of multiple thinner layers such that the total thickness substantially corresponds to the thickness as shown in FIG. 3 and may be preferable to allow the resin 62 to more easily penetrate the layer 76 during the infusion process described below.
The optional veil layer [0038] 80 is substantially similar to the light facing veil 34 of FIG. 1 above.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a [0039] flow medium layer 77 may be introduced between two layers of core material 76. The flow medium layer 77 consists of a 3 dimensional woven fabric made of either glass or polyester fibers or a combination of glass and polyester fibers, a needle punched layer, or other such open-structure layer. Exemplary flow media include EnkaFusion® Matting, Enkamat®, Colbond®, Polybeam™, Lantor Soric®, Divinymat®, or other commercially available flow media. The layer 77 provides an additional flow path for the resin 62 used in the infusion process described below in that it lies perpendicular to the length of the adjacent layers 76 during the infusion process and may be compressed into a thinner layer when the dry plies layer 72 is compressed during the resin infusion process as will be described in more detail below.
Referring back to FIG. 2, a reusable distribution netting, or injection netting [0040] 90, is placed on one side of the mold surface 58 to cover the injection port 60. Also, a vacuum netting 92 is placed on the opposite side 63 of the outer portion 59 to covers vacuum ports 64. A reusable vacuum bag 94 is then placed on top of the dry laminate and sealed to the outer portion 59 of the tool 65, therein defining a chamber 96 between the vacuum bag 94, outer portion 59, and mold surface 58. As best shown in FIG. 5, an infusion system support frame 98 is lowered and coupled to the tool 65. A bolt 100 compresses the bag 94 to the frame 98 using a steel strap (not shown). An injection fitting (not shown) is then attached to the injection port 60 in a manner well known in the art. The injection fitting is coupled to the injection reservoir containing the resin 72.
Alternatively, the infusion may be performed using a distribution media system, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,902,215 to Seeman, or using a core with channels, such as in U.S. Pat. No. 6,721,034 to Seeman et al, or using a mold with conduits, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,659 and publication 20020146529 to Lang et al, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Each such system may be referred to generally as a vacuum infusion system. [0041]
The [0042] reusable vacuum bag 94 is made of a flexible material that is capable of sealing to and compressing the dry plies layer 72 when a vacuum is introduced to the chamber 96 through the vacuum ports 64. The bag 94 should not stick to the resin 62 component that is introduced through the injection port 60 during the vacuum infusion process, thereby allowing the bag 94 to be reused in subsequent operations. One preferred reusable bag 94 is a solid sheet of platinum cured silicon. Another is a semi-rigid thin composite bag of woven fiberglass and either a polyester or vinyl ester resin. One skilled in the art appreciates the bag could alternatively comprise a more durable upper die, preferably made from a tooling material, such as a composite die
For each [0043] vacuum port 64, a vacuum trap is required for collecting excess resin 62. As shown in FIG. 6, the vacuum traps are heavy weight polypropylene funnels 112 that are rated for vacuum. The funnel 112 slips directly into a bag fitting and seals to the fitting. For each funnel 112 a top 116 made of polypropylene that has a recess 118 machined into it for the sealing to the funnel 112. A vacuum fitting 120 is attached to the top 116 that is coupled to the vacuum source (not shown).
The [0044] funnel 112 is attached to the bag 94 through a pair of threaded polypropylene bulked flanged fittings 106, 108 that sandwich the bag 94 between the fitting. The use of polypropylene ensures the release of any resin 62 that collects in the fittings 106, 108. Each fitting 106, 108 preferably utilizes an RTV silicone sealer 110.
To form the [0045] cladding 50, a vacuum is then applied through the vacuum ports 64 by the vacuum source. The vacuum allows injected resin 62, which is maintained at a viscosity preferably of no greater than 175 centipoise, to flow along a path of least resistance from the injection port 60 towards the vacuum port 64. The vacuum pressure is maintained between 25 and 35 inches of mercury pressure (roughly corresponding to 14 pounds per square foot of vacuum pressure), and more preferably between approximately 26 and 29 inches. Thus, the resin 62, shown by arrows on FIG. 2, first enters the injection netting 90 through the injection port 60 and is distributed along the length of the injection netting 90. The resin 62 then proceeds into the dry ply layers 72 towards the vacuum ports 64, thereby infusing the dry laminate layer with resin 62. The vacuum netting 92 substantially prevents the flow of the resin 62 through the vacuum port 64.
The [0046] resin 62 that is injected is preferably a polyester modified resin that cures at ambient temperatures similar to the resin material contained with laminate layers 22, 28 of FIG. 1. As described above, the resin 62 has a viscosity of no greater than 175 centipoise to allow it to flow freely through the ply 72. The resin 62 is chosen from a wide variety of ambiently curable resins that are common to the wall panel industry. One commercially available resin that meets these criteria is CoREZYN COR 45-222-024, available from Interplastic. Another commercially available resin is R834-DPE-12, a low shrink resin transfer molding (RTM) polyester resin available from AOC.
While the [0047] resin 62 is being infused, the bag 94 is sucked downward and compresses the dry ply materials 72 as a function of the amount of vacuum applied through the vacuum ports 64. By controlling the amount of vacuum applied, the thickness of the infused laminate material, and hence the thickness of the cladding panel 50, can be precisely controlled. As described above, the presence of the flow medium layer 77 provides an additional flow path for the resin 62 even as the bag 94 compresses the dry ply layer 72.
After infusion process is completed and the resin has cured to the point of gelling, the vacuum is removed and the [0048] injection port 60 closed. The infusion support frame 98 is lifted and the bag 94 uncoupled from the surface ply materials 72 and outer surface 59. The resin 62 is then allowed to cure within the laminate structure to form the cladding panel 50. Typically, the curing process takes approximately 45 to 60 minutes, depending upon manufacturing line conditions. Alternatively, a heated mold could be used to expedite the process, or a UV-curable resin may be used. The cladding panel 50 may then be removed from the mold surface 58 and trimmed along its edges to its desired size to remove any residual flashing. Additionally, the mold could be configured to include provisions for cutouts (such as windows in the RV), or discardable inserts be added within the mold, so as to minimize the amount of molded composite material to be discarded.
While illustrated in a stationary mold, the invention may be practiced using moving molds or in a continuous process such as taught in the Miller applications, although not illustrated here. In such a system, a moving mold (or continuous belt) is provided with discrete vacuum bags provided thereabove. The bags are connected to a vacuum source to permit injection of the resin and/or to ensure substantially all air is evacuated and/or to promote complete infusion, while ensuring that cure is properly promoted. [0049]
The [0050] cladding panel 50 formed according to the process of FIGS. 2-6 offers numerous advantages over the prior art. First, a cladding panel 50 may be produced without the seams commonly found in the prior art. Also, the amount of waste associated with post-production trimming processes is greatly reduced. Third, the vacuum infusion process produces cladding panels 50 with a more consistent resin content throughout the laminate. Fourth, the vacuum infusion process can be precisely controlled in terms of the amount of resin delivered to the laminate panel, thereby ensuring part-to-part consistency and decreasing resin waste. Fifth, the vacuum infusion process (close molding) substantially prevents VOC's associated with the delivery of the resin from being emitted into the environment. Sixth, the water absorption and rotting associated with wood backers is not applicable with an all-composite panel.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be understood, of course, that the invention is not limited thereto since modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. [0051]

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A method for forming a seamless cladding panel comprising:

providing a mold having a mold surface;

providing a coating layer onto said mold surface to a first desired dry thickness;

introducing a first laminate layer onto said coating layer at a first desired thickness;

introducing a core material onto said first laminate layer, said core material comprising a plurality of fibers;

introducing a second laminate layer onto said core material at a second desired thickness, said first laminate layer and said second laminate layer each comprising a resin and a fiber material;

optionally introducing a light facing veil onto said second laminate layer, said light facing veil comprising a fibrous strand and a binder system, wherein a portion of said resin of said second laminate layer substantially wets out said fibrous strand; and

curing a resin of said first laminate layer and said second laminate layer.

2. A method for forming a seamless cladding panel according to claim 1, wherein said coating layer comprises a wet layer of gel coating.

3. A method for forming a seamless cladding panel according to claim 2, wherein said gel coating is substantially cured before introducing said laminate layer.

4. A method for forming a seamless cladding panel according to claim 3, wherein said core material comprises a plurality of glass fibers bound together with a binder resin.

5. A method for forming a seamless cladding panel according to claim 4, wherein said first laminate layer and said second laminate layer each comprises an ambiently curable resin and a chopped fiber material.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein said gel coating comprises an ambiently curable polyester-based resin.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said coating layer comprises a dry film material

8. The method of claim 3, wherein said substantially curing said gel coating layer comprises ambiently curing said gel coating layer at 80 degrees Fahrenheit for about forty five minutes.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein substantially curing said gel coating layer comprises oven curing said gel coating layer.

10. The method of claim 1 further comprising removing trapped air within said first laminate layer prior to introducing said core material.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein said first laminate layer has a wet thickness between approximately 0.45 and 0.50 inches.

12. The method of claim 5, wherein the fiber material comprises between approximately 23 and 25 weight percent of said first laminate layer prior to curing said curable resin.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein said fiber material comprises between approximately 23 and 25 weight percent of said second laminate layer prior to curing said ambiently curable resin.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said fiber material in said first laminate layer is selected from the group consisting of chopped roving strands, chopped continuous filament strands, chopped glass strands, chopped glass strand matting, and combinations thereof.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein said fiber material comprises a chopped fiber material having a length of approximately one inch.

16. The method of claim 5, wherein said ambiently curable resin comprises an ambiently curable modified polyester resin.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein said ambiently curable modified polyester resin comprises between 98 and 99 weight percent of an ambiently curable modified polyester resin and between 1 and 2 weight percent of a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein said first laminate layer comprises a plurality of first laminate layers.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein said second laminate layer comprises a plurality of second laminate layers.

20. The method of claim 4, wherein said core material comprises a plurality of glass fibers having an average nominal length of about 0.625 inches.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein said plurality of glass fibers comprising said core material have an average diameter of about 13 micrometers.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said binder material comprising said core material is selected from the group consisting of a modified polyvinylacrylate binder material and an acrylic binder material.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein said light facing veil comprises chopped fiber strand having an average diameter of about 11 to 13 microns.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein said binder system of said light facing veil is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic binder system, a polyvinyl alcohol binder system, and a urea/formaldehyde binder system.

25. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of introducing said laminate layers comprises the steps of providing fibrous reinforcement on each side of the core material, and subsequently vacuum infusing a resin to wet out the fibrous reinforcement.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the step of providing said laminate layers comprises placing a first glass fiber mat on said coating layer and a second glass fiber mat on said core material.

27. A seamless composite backer-less cladding panel comprising:

a coating layer;

a first laminate layer laid onto said coating layer;

a core material laid onto said first laminate layer, said core material comprising a plurality of fibers bound together;

a second laminate layer laid onto said core material, wherein said first laminate layer and said second laminate layer each comprises a curable resin and a fiber material; and

an optional light facing veil laid on said second laminate layer, said light facing veil comprising a fiber strand and a binder system, wherein a portion of said curable resin of said second laminate layer substantially wets out said chopped fiber strand.

28. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said coating comprises a cured polyester-based resin.

29. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said coating has a dry thickness of between about 0.14 and 0.16 inches.

30. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said first laminate layer and said second laminate layer are substantially air free.

31. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said first laminate layer has a wet thickness between approximately 0.45 and 0.50 inches.

32. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said fiber material comprises between approximately 23 and 25 weight percent of said first laminate layer prior to curing a resin of said laminate layer.

33. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said fibers comprises between approximately 23 and 25 weight percent of said second laminate layer prior to curing a resin of said second laminate layer.

34. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said fiber material in said first laminate layer is selected from the group consisting of chopped roving strands, chopped continuous filament strands, chopped glass strands, chopped glass strand matting, and combinations thereof.

35. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said laminate layers comprise an ambiently curable modified polyester resin.

36. The seamless cladding panel of claim 35, wherein said curable modified polyester resin further comprises a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent.

37. The seamless cladding panel of claim 36, wherein said methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent comprises between 1 and 2 weight percent of said resin.

38. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said first laminate layer comprises a plurality of laminate layers.

39. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said second laminate layer comprises a plurality of laminate layers.

40. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said fibers of said core material comprise glass fibers having an average nominal length of about 0.625 inches.

41. The seamless cladding panel of claim 40, wherein said fibers of said core material have an average diameter of about 13 micrometers.

42. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said core material comprises a binder material selected from the group consisting of a modified polyvinylacrylate binder material and an acrylic binder material.

43. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said light facing veil comprises chopped fiber strand having an average diameter of about 11 to 13 microns.

44. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27, wherein said light facing veil comprises a binder selected from the group consisting of an acrylic binder system, a polyvinyl alcohol binder system, and a urea/formaldehyde binder system.

45. The seamless cladding panel of claim 27 manufactured using a vacuum infusion process.

46. A seamless composite backer-less cladding panel comprising:

a coating layer;

a first laminate layer laid onto said coating layer;

a second laminate layer laid onto said core material said first laminate layer and said second laminate layer each comprising a resin and a plurality of chopped fiber material; and

an optional light facing veil laid onto said second laminate layer, said light facing veil comprising a chopped fiber strand and a binder system, wherein a portion of said ambiently curable resin of said second laminate layer substantially wets out said chopped fiber strand.

47. A seamless composite backer-less cladding panel according to claim 46, wherein said resin of said laminate layers is provided through vacuum infusion.

48. A method for forming a seamless cladding panel comprising:

providing a mold having a mold surface, said mold surface having an outer portion, said outer portion having a first side and a second side, said first side having an injection port and said second side of said mold surface having at least one vacuum port;

providing a layer of coating to said mold surface in a substantially dry form;

introducing a layer of plies onto said coating layer, said layer of dry plies comprising a first fiber layer, a core material layer, an optional flow medium layer, a second fiber layer, and an optional veil layer;

introducing an injection netting within said mold to cover said injection port, said injection netting located between said injection port and said wet layer;

introducing a vacuum netting with said mold to cover said at least one vacuum port, said vacuum netting located between said at least one vacuum port and said wet layer;

coupling a vacuum bag onto said layer of dry plies within said mold,

sealing coupling said vacuum bag to said outer portion, therein forming a chamber defined within said mold between said outer portion, said vacuum bag, and said mold surface;

coupling a vacuum source to said at least one vacuum port;

introducing a vacuum pressure through said vacuum port;

introducing an ambiently curable binder resin through said injection port to infuse said layer of dry plies; wherein said vacuum pressure seals said vacuum bag to said layer of dry plies such that said vacuum bag compresses said layer of dry plies to a desired thickness;

removing said vacuum pressure;

closing said injection port;

curing said ambiently curable binder resin to form the seamless cladding panel within said mold; and

removing the seamless cladding panel from said mold.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein said coating comprises an ambiently curable polyester-based resin applied to said mold surface and substantially cured thereon prior to introducing said plies.

50. The method of claim 49, wherein said coating has a dry thickness is between about 0.18 and 0.20 inches.

51. The method of claim 50, wherein substantially curing said gel coating layer comprises ambiently curing said gel coating layer at ambient temperature for about forty five minutes.

52. The method of claim 50, wherein substantially curing said gel coating layer comprises ambiently curing said gel coating layer at ambient temperature for about sixty minutes.

53. The method of claim 48, wherein said first fiber layer comprises chopped fibers having an average length of between about 1 and 2 inches.

54. The method of claim 49, wherein said first fiber layer comprises gun roving chopped glass having an average length of about 2 inches.

55. The method of claim 48, wherein said first fiber layer comprises chopped polymer fibers.

56. The method of claim 48, wherein said first fiber layer comprises chopped glass fibers.

57. The method of claim 48, wherein said core material layer comprises a core glass fiber bound with a binder resin.

58. The method of claim 57, wherein the core glass fiber has a nominal length of about 0.625 inches and a diameter of about 13 micrometers.

59. The method of claim 57, wherein said core material layer comprises a plurality of core material layers.

60. The method of claim 57, wherein said core material comprises a binder resin selected from the group consisting of an acrylic binder resin and a modified polyvinylacrylate binder resin.

61. The method of claim 48, wherein said optional flow medium layer comprises a three-dimensional woven fabric layer.

62. The method of claim 61 wherein said three-dimensional woven fabric layer comprises a three-dimensional woven glass fiber fabric layer.

63. The method of claim 61, wherein said three-dimensional woven fabric layer comprises a three-dimensional woven polyester fiber fabric layer.

64. The method of claim 48, wherein said veil layer comprises a chopped fiber strand and a binder system.

65. The method of claim 64, wherein said chopped fiber strand of said light facing veil has an average diameter of about 11 to 13 microns.

66. The method of claim 64, wherein said binder system of said light facing veil is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic binder system, a polyvinyl alcohol binder system, and a urea/formaldehyde binder system

67. The method of claim 48, wherein said ambiently curable binder resin is injected at a viscosity not to exceed about 175 centipoise.

68. The method of claim 48, wherein said ambiently curable binder resin comprises a polyester modified ambiently curable binder resin.

69. The method of claim 48, wherein said vacuum pressure is maintained between about 25 and 35 inches of mercury pressure as said ambiently curable binder resin is being injected.

70. The method of claim 48, wherein said vacuum pressure is maintained between about 29 and 33 inches of mercury pressure as said ambiently curable binder resin is being injected.

71. The method of claim 48, wherein curing said ambiently curable binder resin comprises maintaining said mold at ambient temperatures for about 45 to 60 minutes.

72. A seamless cladding panel made in accordance with the method of claim 1.

73. A seamless cladding panel made in accordance with the method of claim 48.

74. A seamless cladding panel comprising:

a coating layer; and

a resin infused and compressed plies layer, said layer of plies comprising a first fiber layer, a core material layer, an optional flow medium layer, a second fiber layer, and an optional veil layer, said layers optionally being stitched together with a stitching material.

75. The seamless cladding panel of claim 74, wherein said coating comprises an ambiently curable polyester-based resin gel coat.

76. The seamless cladding panel of claim 74, wherein said first fiber layer comprises chopped fibers having an average length of between about 1 and 2 inches.

77. The seamless cladding panel of claim 74, wherein said first fiber layer comprises one of the group consisting of chopped glass fibers and chopped polymer fibers.

78. The seamless cladding panel of claim 76, wherein said first fiber layer comprises gun roving chopped glass having an average length of about 2 inches

79. The seamless cladding panel of claim 74, wherein said core material layer comprises a core glass fiber bound with a binder resin.

80. The seamless cladding panel of claim 79, wherein core glass fiber has a nominal length of about 0.625 inches and a diameter of about 13 micrometers.

81. The seamless cladding panel of claim 79, wherein said core material layer comprises a plurality of core material layers.

82. The seamless cladding panel of claim 79, wherein said binder resin is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic binder resin and a modified polyvinylacrylate binder resin.

83. The seamless cladding panel of claim 74, wherein said optional flow medium layer comprises a three-dimensional woven fabric layer.

84. The seamless cladding panel of claim 83, wherein said three-dimensional woven fabric layer comprises a three-dimensional woven glass fiber fabric layer.

85. The seamless cladding panel of claim 83, wherein said three-dimensional woven fabric layer comprises a three-dimensional woven polyester fiber fabric layer.

86. The seamless cladding panel of claim 74, wherein said veil layer comprises a chopped fiber strand and a binder system.

87. The seamless cladding panel of claim 86, wherein said chopped fiber strand of said light facing veil has an average diameter of about 11 to 13 microns.

88. The seamless cladding panel of claim 87, wherein said binder system of said light facing veil is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic binder system, a polyvinyl alcohol binder system, and a urea/formaldehyde binder system

89. The seamless cladding panel of claim 74, wherein said ambiently curable binder resin comprises a polyester modified ambiently curable binder resin.

90. A method for forming a seamless cladding panel comprising:

providing a layer of coating to said mold surface in a substantially dry form;

coupling a vacuum bag onto said layer of dry plies within said mold, said bag defining a plurality of resin flow channels, sealing coupling said vacuum bag to said outer portion, therein forming a chamber defined within said mold between said outer portion, said vacuum bag, and said mold surface;

coupling a vacuum source to said at least one vacuum port;

introducing a vacuum pressure through said vacuum port;

introducing an curable binder resin through said injection port to infuse said layer of dry plies; wherein said vacuum pressure seals said vacuum bag to said layer of dry plies such that said vacuum bag compresses said layer of dry plies to a desired thickness;

removing said vacuum pressure;

closing said injection port;

curing said curable binder resin to form the seamless cladding panel within said mold; and

removing the seamless cladding panel from said mold.