US20040089747A1 - Fuel nozzle design - Google Patents
Fuel nozzle design Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040089747A1 US20040089747A1 US10/291,950 US29195002A US2004089747A1 US 20040089747 A1 US20040089747 A1 US 20040089747A1 US 29195002 A US29195002 A US 29195002A US 2004089747 A1 US2004089747 A1 US 2004089747A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- holes
- fuel nozzle
- fuel
- rows
- nozzle according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/00016—Preventing or reducing deposit build-up on burner parts, e.g. from carbon
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/11101—Pulverising gas flow impinging on fuel from pre-filming surface, e.g. lip atomizers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel nozzle design for use in a gas turbine engine which significantly extends the life of a fuel nozzle by preventing hot gases from recirculating on the nozzle surface while not adversely affecting the ignition or low emissions capability of the fuel nozzle.
- Fuel nozzles can have a shortened life span as a result of hot gases recirculating on the nozzle surface. Such hot gases have the opportunity of being recirculated back to the face of the fuel nozzle because of the recirculation set up between the guide swirler and the inner and outer fuel nozzle swirler. Such fuel nozzles are undesirable because they lead to increased engine maintenance costs and undesirable engine down time to replace the fuel nozzles.
- a fuel nozzle for use in an engine broadly comprises means for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of said engine and means surrounding the fuel injecting means for eliminating recirculation of hot gases onto a face of the fuel nozzle.
- the hot gas recirculation eliminating means comprises a plurality of rows of holes for ejecting air primarily in an axial direction, with the holes in adjacent rows being offset from each other.
- Each of the rows of holes has an annular arrangement of the holes.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a fuel nozzle for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine
- FIG. 2 is a front view of a fuel nozzle in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a fuel nozzle 10 for injecting a fuel and air mixture into a combustion chamber 12 of an engine such as a gas turbine engine.
- the fuel nozzle 10 includes a fuel injector 14 .
- a plurality of rows 16 and 18 of holes 20 are provided for injecting air into the combustion chamber 12 .
- the rows 16 and 18 each have a plurality of holes 20 arrayed in an annular, concentric arrangement with the holes 20 in one row being offset with respect to the holes 20 in the adjacent row.
- Each of the holes 20 has the same diameter and is equally spaced from its adjacent holes.
- the holes 20 preferably are spaced apart a distance within the range of 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of each hole 20 .
- the rows 16 and 18 preferably are spaced apart by a distance which is within the range of 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of each hole 20 .
- the innermost row 16 is preferably spaced from an inner lip 24 of the fuel nozzle 10 by a distance which is within the range of 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of each hole 20 .
- the number of holes in the overall nozzle should be sufficient in area to have an impact on the flow field and eliminate any recirculation zone. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there are 34 holes in each of the rows 16 and 18 .
- each of the holes 20 is used to inject air into the combustion chamber 12 .
- Each of the holes 20 receives air from an outer swirler 26 at a velocity sufficient to eliminate the recirculation.
- a suitable velocity is within the range of 190 ft/sec to 440 ft/sec, preferably 265 ft/sec to 365 ft/sec, and most preferably 315 ft/sec.
- the air flowing through each of the holes 20 is primarily axial in direction.
- the phrase “primarily axial in direction” means that the flow is more axial than radial.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a fuel nozzle design for use in a gas turbine engine which significantly extends the life of a fuel nozzle by preventing hot gases from recirculating on the nozzle surface while not adversely affecting the ignition or low emissions capability of the fuel nozzle.
- Fuel nozzles can have a shortened life span as a result of hot gases recirculating on the nozzle surface. Such hot gases have the opportunity of being recirculated back to the face of the fuel nozzle because of the recirculation set up between the guide swirler and the inner and outer fuel nozzle swirler. Such fuel nozzles are undesirable because they lead to increased engine maintenance costs and undesirable engine down time to replace the fuel nozzles.
- Thus, fuel nozzles having extended life spans are quite desirable.
- Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel nozzle which has a significantly extended life.
- It is a further object of the present invention to provide a fuel nozzle as above which prevents hot gases from recirculating on a nozzle surface.
- The foregoing objects are obtained by the fuel nozzle of the present invention.
- In accordance with the present invention, a fuel nozzle for use in an engine broadly comprises means for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of said engine and means surrounding the fuel injecting means for eliminating recirculation of hot gases onto a face of the fuel nozzle. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hot gas recirculation eliminating means comprises a plurality of rows of holes for ejecting air primarily in an axial direction, with the holes in adjacent rows being offset from each other. Each of the rows of holes has an annular arrangement of the holes.
- Other details of the fuel nozzle design of the present invention, as well as other objects and advantages attendant thereto, are set forth in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals depict like elements.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a fuel nozzle for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine; and
- FIG. 2 is a front view of a fuel nozzle in accordance with the present invention.
- Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a
fuel nozzle 10 for injecting a fuel and air mixture into acombustion chamber 12 of an engine such as a gas turbine engine. Thefuel nozzle 10 includes afuel injector 14. A plurality ofrows holes 20 are provided for injecting air into thecombustion chamber 12. - As shown in FIG. 2, the
rows holes 20 arrayed in an annular, concentric arrangement with theholes 20 in one row being offset with respect to theholes 20 in the adjacent row. Each of theholes 20 has the same diameter and is equally spaced from its adjacent holes. In order to eliminate hot products such as hot gases from recirculating onto aface 22 of thefuel nozzle 10, theholes 20 preferably are spaced apart a distance within the range of 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of eachhole 20. Further, therows hole 20. Still further, theinnermost row 16 is preferably spaced from aninner lip 24 of thefuel nozzle 10 by a distance which is within the range of 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of eachhole 20. The number of holes in the overall nozzle should be sufficient in area to have an impact on the flow field and eliminate any recirculation zone. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there are 34 holes in each of therows - As mentioned before, each of the
holes 20 is used to inject air into thecombustion chamber 12. Each of theholes 20 receives air from anouter swirler 26 at a velocity sufficient to eliminate the recirculation. A suitable velocity is within the range of 190 ft/sec to 440 ft/sec, preferably 265 ft/sec to 365 ft/sec, and most preferably 315 ft/sec. In operation, the air flowing through each of theholes 20 is primarily axial in direction. As used herein, the phrase “primarily axial in direction” means that the flow is more axial than radial. - Ignition tests conducted at atmospheric pressure in a 4 nozzle box rig showed no adverse affects of the holes on lighting or lean blowout.
- It is apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the present invention a fuel nozzle design which fully satisfies the objects, means, and advantages set forth hereinbefore. While the present invention has been described in the context of specific embodiments thereof, other alternatives, modifications, and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art having read the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace those alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the broad scope of the appended claims.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/291,950 US7007864B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2002-11-08 | Fuel nozzle design |
EP03257053A EP1424526B1 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2003-11-07 | Fuel nozzle |
DE60336622T DE60336622D1 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2003-11-07 | fuel injector |
JP2003379819A JP3957676B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2003-11-10 | Fuel nozzle structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/291,950 US7007864B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2002-11-08 | Fuel nozzle design |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040089747A1 true US20040089747A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
US7007864B2 US7007864B2 (en) | 2006-03-07 |
Family
ID=32229328
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/291,950 Expired - Fee Related US7007864B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2002-11-08 | Fuel nozzle design |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7007864B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1424526B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3957676B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60336622D1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3011065A1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-03-27 | Snecma | FUEL INJECTOR NOSE TIP FORMING AIR PASSAGE AROUND THE INJECTOR NOSE |
EP2500656A3 (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2017-12-20 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine combustor having a fuel nozzle for flame anchoring |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006095706A1 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-14 | Keihin Corporation | Fuel injection valve |
US8136361B2 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2012-03-20 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for assembling a low noise ejector motive nozzle |
WO2008112211A1 (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-18 | Mack Trucks, Inc. | Aftertreatment injector anti-fouling device |
US8061142B2 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2011-11-22 | General Electric Company | Mixer for a combustor |
US20090297339A1 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-03 | General Electric Company | Low noise ejector for a turbomachine |
DE102008026459A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2009-12-10 | E.On Ruhrgas Ag | Burner for combustion device in gas turbine system, has plate shaped element arranged in fuel injector, and including fuel passage openings that are arranged in rings and displaced to each other in radial direction |
US8910481B2 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2014-12-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Advanced quench pattern combustor |
US10317081B2 (en) | 2011-01-26 | 2019-06-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel injector assembly |
US8893500B2 (en) | 2011-05-18 | 2014-11-25 | Solar Turbines Inc. | Lean direct fuel injector |
US8919132B2 (en) | 2011-05-18 | 2014-12-30 | Solar Turbines Inc. | Method of operating a gas turbine engine |
US9182124B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2015-11-10 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Gas turbine and fuel injector for the same |
US10830441B2 (en) | 2013-10-04 | 2020-11-10 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Swirler for a turbine engine combustor |
US10731861B2 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2020-08-04 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Dual fuel nozzle with concentric fuel passages for a gas turbine engine |
CA2931246C (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2019-09-24 | General Electric Company | Fuel nozzle with fluid lock and purge apparatus |
US10190774B2 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2019-01-29 | General Electric Company | Fuel nozzle with flexible support structures |
EP3087321B1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2020-03-25 | General Electric Company | Fuel nozzle structure for air-assisted fuel injection |
US10934890B2 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2021-03-02 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Shrouded conduit for arranging a fluid flowpath |
US9857002B2 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2018-01-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Fluid couplings and methods for additive manufacturing thereof |
US9915480B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2018-03-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Tube assembly |
US9976743B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2018-05-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Dilution hole assembly |
US9759356B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2017-09-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Insulated flowpath assembly |
US10208673B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2019-02-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel dispensing apparatus and method of operation |
US10054312B2 (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2018-08-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Pilot mixer cooling hole arrangement for fuel nozzle of a gas turbine engine |
US11454395B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2022-09-27 | Collins Engine Nozzles, Inc. | Thermal resistant air caps |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2774629A (en) * | 1950-09-08 | 1956-12-18 | Thompson Prod Inc | Variable area fuel nozzles |
US4726761A (en) * | 1985-09-09 | 1988-02-23 | Coen Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for introducing combustion air into a combustion chamber |
US4798330A (en) * | 1986-02-14 | 1989-01-17 | Fuel Systems Textron Inc. | Reduced coking of fuel nozzles |
US4977740A (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-12-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Dual fuel injector |
US5467926A (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1995-11-21 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Injector having low tip temperature |
US6189814B1 (en) * | 1994-05-21 | 2001-02-20 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Gas turbine engine combustion chamber |
US6718770B2 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2004-04-13 | General Electric Company | Fuel injector laminated fuel strip |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3630024A (en) * | 1970-02-02 | 1971-12-28 | Gen Electric | Air swirler for gas turbine combustor |
US4198815A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1980-04-22 | General Electric Company | Central injection fuel carburetor |
US4978330A (en) | 1989-07-31 | 1990-12-18 | Suhr Robert N | Tab forming tape dispenser with tape passing over cutter |
US5288021A (en) * | 1992-08-03 | 1994-02-22 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Injection nozzle tip cooling |
US5400968A (en) * | 1993-08-16 | 1995-03-28 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Injector tip cooling using fuel as the coolant |
US5833141A (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-11-10 | General Electric Company | Anti-coking dual-fuel nozzle for a gas turbine combustor |
US6082113A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-07-04 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Gas turbine fuel injector |
US6715292B1 (en) | 1999-04-15 | 2004-04-06 | United Technologies Corporation | Coke resistant fuel injector for a low emissions combustor |
US6272840B1 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2001-08-14 | Cfd Research Corporation | Piloted airblast lean direct fuel injector |
-
2002
- 2002-11-08 US US10/291,950 patent/US7007864B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-11-07 DE DE60336622T patent/DE60336622D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-07 EP EP03257053A patent/EP1424526B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-10 JP JP2003379819A patent/JP3957676B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2774629A (en) * | 1950-09-08 | 1956-12-18 | Thompson Prod Inc | Variable area fuel nozzles |
US4726761A (en) * | 1985-09-09 | 1988-02-23 | Coen Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for introducing combustion air into a combustion chamber |
US4798330A (en) * | 1986-02-14 | 1989-01-17 | Fuel Systems Textron Inc. | Reduced coking of fuel nozzles |
US4977740A (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-12-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Dual fuel injector |
US5467926A (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1995-11-21 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Injector having low tip temperature |
US6189814B1 (en) * | 1994-05-21 | 2001-02-20 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Gas turbine engine combustion chamber |
US6718770B2 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2004-04-13 | General Electric Company | Fuel injector laminated fuel strip |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2500656A3 (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2017-12-20 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine combustor having a fuel nozzle for flame anchoring |
FR3011065A1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-03-27 | Snecma | FUEL INJECTOR NOSE TIP FORMING AIR PASSAGE AROUND THE INJECTOR NOSE |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60336622D1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
EP1424526A3 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
JP2004163096A (en) | 2004-06-10 |
US7007864B2 (en) | 2006-03-07 |
EP1424526B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
EP1424526A2 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
JP3957676B2 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SNYDER, TIMOTHY S.;HOKE, JAMES B.;REEL/FRAME:013564/0253;SIGNING DATES FROM 20021030 TO 20021108 |
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Year of fee payment: 4 |
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Year of fee payment: 8 |
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LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.) |
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STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
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Effective date: 20180307 |