US20040063682A1 - Preparation of aztreonam - Google Patents
Preparation of aztreonam Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040063682A1 US20040063682A1 US10/635,659 US63565903A US2004063682A1 US 20040063682 A1 US20040063682 A1 US 20040063682A1 US 63565903 A US63565903 A US 63565903A US 2004063682 A1 US2004063682 A1 US 2004063682A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aztreonam
- acid
- amino
- aqueous
- product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229960003644 aztreonam Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Antibiotic SQ 26917 Natural products O=C1N(S(O)(=O)=O)C(C)C1NC(=O)C(=NOC(C)(C)C(O)=O)C1=CSC(N)=N1 WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-VEHQQRBSSA-N aztreonam Chemical compound O=C1N(S([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1NC(=O)C(=N/OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)\C1=CSC([NH3+])=N1 WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-VEHQQRBSSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- -1 2-amino-4-thiazolyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 0 [1*]N[C@@]1([2*])C(=O)N(C)[C@]1([3*])[4*] Chemical compound [1*]N[C@@]1([2*])C(=O)N(C)[C@]1([3*])[4*] 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- RCZJVHXVCSKDKB-OYKKKHCWSA-N tert-butyl 2-[(z)-[1-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino]oxy-2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2SC=1SC(=O)\C(=N/OC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C1=CSC(N)=N1 RCZJVHXVCSKDKB-OYKKKHCWSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidine Chemical compound C1CNC1 HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(O)N=NC2=C1 ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISUIVWNWEDIHJD-HRFVKAFMSA-N (2s,3s)-3-azaniumyl-2-methyl-4-oxoazetidine-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C[C@H]1[C@H](N)C(=O)N1S(O)(=O)=O ISUIVWNWEDIHJD-HRFVKAFMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAIPHJJURHTUIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=NC=CS1 RAIPHJJURHTUIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDFGMYLBUSYTKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxoazetidine-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)N1CCC1=O CDFGMYLBUSYTKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001963 4 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002373 5 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004070 6 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003341 7 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GVAVZMPFDUSYEE-NSEVZWSASA-N C.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C(C)(C)O/N=C(\C(=O)S/C1=N/C2=C(C=CC=C2)S1)C1=CSC(N)=N1.C[C@H]1C(NC(=O)/C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C2=CSC(N)=N2)C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)O.C[C@H]1C(NC(=O)/C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C2=CSC(N)=N2)C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)O.C[C@H]1[C@H](N)C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)O Chemical compound C.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C(C)(C)O/N=C(\C(=O)S/C1=N/C2=C(C=CC=C2)S1)C1=CSC(N)=N1.C[C@H]1C(NC(=O)/C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C2=CSC(N)=N2)C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)O.C[C@H]1C(NC(=O)/C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C2=CSC(N)=N2)C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)O.C[C@H]1[C@H](N)C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)O GVAVZMPFDUSYEE-NSEVZWSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRGWYIJQJKJBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C.CN.CON Chemical compound C.CN.CON LRGWYIJQJKJBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGXVIWGVMZHFCC-GHXNOFRVSA-N C/N=C(/C)C(=O)SC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 Chemical compound C/N=C(/C)C(=O)SC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 VGXVIWGVMZHFCC-GHXNOFRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN Chemical compound CN BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-CFINHTSLSA-N C[C@H]1C(NC(=O)/C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C2=CSC(N)=N2)C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)O Chemical compound C[C@H]1C(NC(=O)/C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C2=CSC(N)=N2)C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)O WZPBZJONDBGPKJ-CFINHTSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229950003476 aminothiazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940041009 monobactams Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LVSJDHGRKAEGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound C1CCOC1.OC(=O)C(F)(F)F LVSJDHGRKAEGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003952 β-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of Aztreonam. Specifically, the process entails hydrolyzing [3S-[3 ⁇ (Z),4 ⁇ ]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid (t-Bu Aztreonam) to form Aztreonam.
- Aztreonam is a monobactam antibiotic disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,775,670, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- Aztreonam has the chemical name (Z)-2-[[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[[(2S,-3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfo-3-azetidinyl]carbamoyl]methylene]amino]oxy]-2-methylpropionic acid.
- Aztreonam is also known as [3S-[3 ⁇ (Z),4 ⁇ ]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid and (2S, 3S)-3-[[2-[2-amino-4-thiazolyl]-(Z)-2[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidine-1-sulfonic acid.
- Aztreonam has the structure:
- Aztreonam is known to exist in various polymorphic forms including the ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ forms.
- the process includes acylating a compound of formula IV:
- the acylation entails reacting a compound of formula IV with a carboxylic acid or the corresponding carboxylic acid halide or carboxylic acid anhydride (R 1 —OH) in the presence of a carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and a substance capable of forming an active ester in situ such as N-hydroxybenzotriazole.
- a carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- a substance capable of forming an active ester in situ such as N-hydroxybenzotriazole.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,775,670 discloses that when the acyl group (R 1 ) contains reactive functional groups, such as amino or carboxyl groups, it may be necessary to first protect those functional groups, then carry out the acylation reaction, and finally deprotect the resulting product. The deprotection is carried out by reaction of the acylation product with trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of anisole under anhydrous
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,838 discloses a process for making crystalline anhydrous Aztreonam comprising reacting the diphenylmethyl ester of Aztreonam ([3S-[3 ⁇ (Z),4 ⁇ ]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-diphenylmethoxycarbonyl-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid) with trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of anisole under anhydrous conditions to produce the ⁇ -form of Aztreonam.
- the ⁇ -form is recrystallized from an anhydrous organic solvent to produce the ⁇ -form of Aztreonam.
- the ⁇ -form is anhydrous, substantially non-hygroscopic and more stable than the ⁇ -form.
- R is acyl.
- the process comprises acylating azetidin with 2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(Z)-(alkoxyimino) acetic acid in the presence of 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,604 discloses a process and intermediates for making beta-lactams having aminothiazole(iminooxyacetic acid)acetic acid sidechains of formula (I), such as Aztreonam.
- the process comprises acylating a compound of formula III:
- [0016] is a 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered heterocyclic ring having at least one nitrogen atom in the ring or such a group fused to a phenyl or substituted phenyl ring, to form a compound of formula (I):
- R 1 -R 6 are as defined in U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,604.
- Het is an optionally amino-substituted, 5- or 6-membered, aromatic heterocycle containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and optionally also an oxygen or sulphur atom
- R 1 may be lower alkoxycarbonyl-lower alkyl
- R 2 may be lower alkyl.
- R 20 equals R 2 and R 3 is hydrogen or sulpho, with a thioester of the formula (III):
- R 10 has any of the values of R 1 .
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,652,651 discloses that where R10 is a lower alkoxycarbonyl-lower alkyl group, for example the t-butoxycarbonylmethyl group, this can be converted, if desired, into the corresponding carboxylower alkyl group by treatment with a strong acid such as trifluoroacetic acid (optionally in the presence of anisole), hydrochloric acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid at a low temperature such as ⁇ 10° C. to room temperature.
- a strong acid such as trifluoroacetic acid (optionally in the presence of anisole), hydrochloric acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid at a low temperature such as ⁇ 10° C. to room temperature.
- the invention is based on the discovery that Aztreonam can be produced by reacting [3S-[3 ⁇ (Z),4 ⁇ ]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid with aqueous acid.
- the process of the invention enables yields of between 70-75% and purities above 98%, preferably above 99%.
- the inventive aqueous process is advantageous over the prior art anhydrous processes in that the reaction conditions are more mild, there is no need to clean the final product and there is no need to keep the system dry. Thus, the aqueous process is less expensive than the anhydrous processes.
- the present invention is directed to a process for preparing [3S-[3 ⁇ (Z),4 ⁇ ]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid by hydrolyzing the ester group of [3S-[3 ⁇ (Z),4 ⁇ ]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid.
- the hydrolysis may be effected by reacting the ester with aqueous acid, at elevated temperatures.
- the invention is directed to a process for making Aztreonam comprising reacting [3S-[3 ⁇ (Z),4 ⁇ ]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid also known as (t-Bu Aztreonam and Aztreonam t-butyl ester) with an aqueous acid at elevated temperatures.
- the aqueous acid is preferably a mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, of various concentration.
- the aqueous mineral acid is preferably more concentrated than 0.1 mol/l.
- the aqueous acid is a 1:1 v/v HCl:water mixture.
- Aqueous trifluoroacetic acid may also be used in various concentrations.
- the hydrolysis reaction is carried out at elevated temperatures, preferably 40° C. or greater, more preferably between 50 and 80° C., and most preferably between 60 and 70° C.
- the Aztreonam t-butyl ester can be obtained by reacting Azetidin, (3S,4S)-3-Amino-4-methyl-2-oxo-azetidine-1-sulfonic acid, with TAEM ((Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-isopropoxyimino acetic acid, benzothiazole-2-yl-thiolester), as illustrated in Examples 1 and 2.
- Azetidin is dissolved in 20 ml acetonitrile (or dimethyl formamide) with the assistance of 5 ml of triethylamine at room temperature. The solution is cooled to 0° C. A solution of 4 g TAEM in 25 ml THF is added with magnetic stirring. If the color disappears, 8 g TAEM in 50 ml THF is added. After 10 minutes, another 4.1 g TAEM in 25 ml THF is added. The solution is stirred at 0° C. for an additional hour. The pH is adjusted to about 4-5 with a freshly prepared TFA solution (TFA-THF 1:4, V/V).
- the THF is evaporated (weight loss is about 90 g) at 30° C. under vacuum.
- the remaining residue is diluted with 200 ml ethylacetate and then extracted with 100 ml and then 50 ml of distilled water.
- the aqueous extracts are combined and washed twice with 50 ml ethylacetate after readjustment of the pH to about 4-5.
- the dissolved ethylacetate is removed from the aqueous phase by vacuum at 30° C. 10-15 g KCl (or NaCl) is dissolved.
- the solution is acidified with HCl solution (cc. HCl-distilled water 1:4, V/V) with stirring (approx. 10 ml).
- the solution is cooled to 0° C. with slow stirring and crystallization occurs.
- the resulting suspension is refrigerated overnight (at about 5° C.).
- the suspension is filtered on a glass filter, and the crystals are washed with chilled water.
- the washed crystals are dried at room temperature.
- the product, Aztreonam t-butyl ester is about 12.5-13 g white solid, which is sufficiently pure for the next step.
- Azetidine is dissolved in a mixture of 240 ml acetonitrile and 60 ml triethylamine. When dissolution is complete, TAEM is added in four portions. The suspension is stirred for 20-30 min, then diluted with 500 ml EtOAc and 500 ml water and stirred for 5-10 min. The pH of the emulsion is set to 5 with 2.4 M HCl solution. After the phases separate, the pH of the aqueous phase is checked. If the pH is between 4.20 and 5.30, the two phases are filtered and separated, otherwise more HCl is added. The upper phase is diluted with 900 ml ethylacetate and extracted with 2 ⁇ 500 ml water (faster phase separation).
- the combined aqueous phase is diluted with 500 ml water and washed with 2 ⁇ 500 ml ethylacetate.
- the dissolved ethylacetate is removed from the aqueous phase by vacuum.
- the aqueous phase is acidified further to pH 2 with 2.4 M HCl solution.
- the solution is stirred and cooled. Crystallization starts soon.
- the suspension is stirred and cooled to 0° C., stirring at this temperature overnight.
- the suspension is filtered, washed with chilled water, dried at 38° C. in air-circulated oven for 3 h.
- the yield is approx. 116-120 g of Aztreonam t-butyl ester.
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester (113.6 g, 0.231 mol) is suspended in 975 ml water at 60° C. with stirring and 325 ml trifluoroacetic acid is added. The solution is stirred for 60 min., then it is cooled slowly using an ice-water bath. After the product precipitates, the suspension is refrigerated overnight. The product is filtered on a glass-filter, suspended in 240 ml chilled water and filtered again. The filtrate is re-suspended in 360 ml cold acetone and filtered. The latter step is repeated and the product is dried at room temperature to yield 61.6 g Aztreonam (water content: 15-16%).
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester (18.0 g, 0.0366 mol) is suspended in 144 ml water at 60° C. with stirring and 40 ml aqueous hydrochloric acid (1:1, V/V) is added. The solution is stirred for 60 min, then 37 ml 5.4 M NaOH solution is added. The solution is cooled slowly using an ice-water bath. After the product precipitates, the suspension is refrigerated overnight. The product is filtered on a glass-filter, suspended in 50 ml chilled water and filtered again. The filtrate is re-suspended in 70 ml cold acetone and filtered. The latter step is repeated and the product is dried at room temperature to yield 8.3 g Aztreonam (water content: 15-16%). The crude Aztreonam is crystallized.
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester (100.00 g, Assay as is: 97.2%, 0.19796 mol)) is suspended in a mixture of 450 ml water and 5 ml trifluoroacetic acid. The suspension, which slowly becomes clear, is heated to 58° C. with stirring and 100 ml trifluoroacetic acid is added. The solution is stirred for 105 min at 60-63° C. The solution is added to chilled water (450 ml) with efficient stirring and the resulting slurry is cooled further to 25° C. After two hours it is cooled to 0° C. and stirred for 18 hours. The product is filtered on a glass-filter and washed with 300 ml chilled water.
- the product is suspended in 650 ml chilled water, then filtered and washed with 300 ml cold acetone.
- the product is suspended in 400 ml cold acetone and filtered and dried in an air-ventilation oven at 30° C. for 30 min. Yield: 66.6 g (63%, according to assays) Aztreonam (Assay: 100.5%, water content: 18.0%).
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester (27.11 g, Assay as is: 96.5%, 0.05328 mol) is suspended in a mixture of 122 ml water and 1.35 ml cc. HCl. The suspension is heated to 62° C. with stirring and 30 ml cc. HCl is added. The suspension, which becomes clear after approx. 15 min, (then the product starts to precipitate), is stirred for 30 min at 63-65° C. Chilled water (162 ml) is added with efficient stirring and the resulting slurry is cooled further to 25° C. After two hours it is cooled to 0° C. and stirred for 2 hours.
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of provisional application Serial Number 60/400,699, filed Aug. 5, 2002 and provisional application Serial Number 60/401,749, filed Aug. 8, 2002, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of Aztreonam. Specifically, the process entails hydrolyzing [3S-[3α(Z),4β]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid (t-Bu Aztreonam) to form Aztreonam.
- Aztreonam is a monobactam antibiotic disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,775,670, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Aztreonam has the chemical name (Z)-2-[[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[[(2S,-3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfo-3-azetidinyl]carbamoyl]methylene]amino]oxy]-2-methylpropionic acid. Aztreonam is also known as [3S-[3α(Z),4β]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid and (2S, 3S)-3-[[2-[2-amino-4-thiazolyl]-(Z)-2[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidine-1-sulfonic acid.
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- Aztreonam is known to exist in various polymorphic forms including the α, β, δ, and γ forms.
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- The acylation entails reacting a compound of formula IV with a carboxylic acid or the corresponding carboxylic acid halide or carboxylic acid anhydride (R1—OH) in the presence of a carbodiimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and a substance capable of forming an active ester in situ such as N-hydroxybenzotriazole. U.S. Pat. No. 4,775,670 discloses that when the acyl group (R1) contains reactive functional groups, such as amino or carboxyl groups, it may be necessary to first protect those functional groups, then carry out the acylation reaction, and finally deprotect the resulting product. The deprotection is carried out by reaction of the acylation product with trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of anisole under anhydrous conditions.
- Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,838 discloses a process for making crystalline anhydrous Aztreonam comprising reacting the diphenylmethyl ester of Aztreonam ([3S-[3β(Z),4β]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-diphenylmethoxycarbonyl-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid) with trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of anisole under anhydrous conditions to produce the α-form of Aztreonam. The α-form is recrystallized from an anhydrous organic solvent to produce the β-form of Aztreonam. The β-form is anhydrous, substantially non-hygroscopic and more stable than the α-form.
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- wherein R is acyl. The process comprises acylating azetidin with 2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(Z)-(alkoxyimino) acetic acid in the presence of 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
-
-
-
-
-
- wherein R1-R6 are as defined in U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,604.
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-
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- in which Het is as above and R10 has any of the values of R1. U.S. Pat. No. 4,652,651 discloses that where R10 is a lower alkoxycarbonyl-lower alkyl group, for example the t-butoxycarbonylmethyl group, this can be converted, if desired, into the corresponding carboxylower alkyl group by treatment with a strong acid such as trifluoroacetic acid (optionally in the presence of anisole), hydrochloric acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid at a low temperature such as −10° C. to room temperature.
- There remains a need in the art for a process of making Aztreonam which does not require anhydrous reaction conditions and which also enables high yield and high purity. The present invention answers this need.
- The invention is based on the discovery that Aztreonam can be produced by reacting [3S-[3α(Z),4β]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid with aqueous acid. The process of the invention, enables yields of between 70-75% and purities above 98%, preferably above 99%. The inventive aqueous process is advantageous over the prior art anhydrous processes in that the reaction conditions are more mild, there is no need to clean the final product and there is no need to keep the system dry. Thus, the aqueous process is less expensive than the anhydrous processes.
- The present invention is directed to a process for preparing [3S-[3α(Z),4β]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid by hydrolyzing the ester group of [3S-[3α(Z),4β]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid. The hydrolysis may be effected by reacting the ester with aqueous acid, at elevated temperatures.
-
- The invention is directed to a process for making Aztreonam comprising reacting [3S-[3α(Z),4β]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-t-butoxycarbonyl-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid also known as (t-Bu Aztreonam and Aztreonam t-butyl ester) with an aqueous acid at elevated temperatures.
- The aqueous acid is preferably a mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, of various concentration. The aqueous mineral acid is preferably more concentrated than 0.1 mol/l. Preferably, the aqueous acid is a 1:1 v/v HCl:water mixture. Aqueous trifluoroacetic acid may also be used in various concentrations.
- The hydrolysis reaction is carried out at elevated temperatures, preferably 40° C. or greater, more preferably between 50 and 80° C., and most preferably between 60 and 70° C.
- The Aztreonam t-butyl ester can be obtained by reacting Azetidin, (3S,4S)-3-Amino-4-methyl-2-oxo-azetidine-1-sulfonic acid, with TAEM ((Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-isopropoxyimino acetic acid, benzothiazole-2-yl-thiolester), as illustrated in Examples 1 and 2.
- The present invention is illustrated in further detail with reference to the following non-limiting examples.
- 5.4 g Azetidin is dissolved in 20 ml acetonitrile (or dimethyl formamide) with the assistance of 5 ml of triethylamine at room temperature. The solution is cooled to 0° C. A solution of 4 g TAEM in 25 ml THF is added with magnetic stirring. If the color disappears, 8 g TAEM in 50 ml THF is added. After 10 minutes, another 4.1 g TAEM in 25 ml THF is added. The solution is stirred at 0° C. for an additional hour. The pH is adjusted to about 4-5 with a freshly prepared TFA solution (TFA-THF 1:4, V/V). Being careful not to evaporate the acetonitrile, the THF is evaporated (weight loss is about 90 g) at 30° C. under vacuum. The remaining residue is diluted with 200 ml ethylacetate and then extracted with 100 ml and then 50 ml of distilled water. The aqueous extracts are combined and washed twice with 50 ml ethylacetate after readjustment of the pH to about 4-5. The dissolved ethylacetate is removed from the aqueous phase by vacuum at 30° C. 10-15 g KCl (or NaCl) is dissolved. The solution is acidified with HCl solution (cc. HCl-distilled water 1:4, V/V) with stirring (approx. 10 ml). The solution is cooled to 0° C. with slow stirring and crystallization occurs. The resulting suspension is refrigerated overnight (at about 5° C.). The suspension is filtered on a glass filter, and the crystals are washed with chilled water. The washed crystals are dried at room temperature. The product, Aztreonam t-butyl ester, is about 12.5-13 g white solid, which is sufficiently pure for the next step.
- 65 g Azetidine is dissolved in a mixture of 240 ml acetonitrile and 60 ml triethylamine. When dissolution is complete, TAEM is added in four portions. The suspension is stirred for 20-30 min, then diluted with 500 ml EtOAc and 500 ml water and stirred for 5-10 min. The pH of the emulsion is set to 5 with 2.4 M HCl solution. After the phases separate, the pH of the aqueous phase is checked. If the pH is between 4.20 and 5.30, the two phases are filtered and separated, otherwise more HCl is added. The upper phase is diluted with 900 ml ethylacetate and extracted with 2×500 ml water (faster phase separation). The combined aqueous phase is diluted with 500 ml water and washed with 2×500 ml ethylacetate. The dissolved ethylacetate is removed from the aqueous phase by vacuum. The aqueous phase is acidified further to pH 2 with 2.4 M HCl solution. The solution is stirred and cooled. Crystallization starts soon. The suspension is stirred and cooled to 0° C., stirring at this temperature overnight. The suspension is filtered, washed with chilled water, dried at 38° C. in air-circulated oven for 3 h. The yield is approx. 116-120 g of Aztreonam t-butyl ester.
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester (113.6 g, 0.231 mol) is suspended in 975 ml water at 60° C. with stirring and 325 ml trifluoroacetic acid is added. The solution is stirred for 60 min., then it is cooled slowly using an ice-water bath. After the product precipitates, the suspension is refrigerated overnight. The product is filtered on a glass-filter, suspended in 240 ml chilled water and filtered again. The filtrate is re-suspended in 360 ml cold acetone and filtered. The latter step is repeated and the product is dried at room temperature to yield 61.6 g Aztreonam (water content: 15-16%).
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester (18.0 g, 0.0366 mol) is suspended in 144 ml water at 60° C. with stirring and 40 ml aqueous hydrochloric acid (1:1, V/V) is added. The solution is stirred for 60 min, then 37 ml 5.4 M NaOH solution is added. The solution is cooled slowly using an ice-water bath. After the product precipitates, the suspension is refrigerated overnight. The product is filtered on a glass-filter, suspended in 50 ml chilled water and filtered again. The filtrate is re-suspended in 70 ml cold acetone and filtered. The latter step is repeated and the product is dried at room temperature to yield 8.3 g Aztreonam (water content: 15-16%). The crude Aztreonam is crystallized.
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester (100.00 g, Assay as is: 97.2%, 0.19796 mol)) is suspended in a mixture of 450 ml water and 5 ml trifluoroacetic acid. The suspension, which slowly becomes clear, is heated to 58° C. with stirring and 100 ml trifluoroacetic acid is added. The solution is stirred for 105 min at 60-63° C. The solution is added to chilled water (450 ml) with efficient stirring and the resulting slurry is cooled further to 25° C. After two hours it is cooled to 0° C. and stirred for 18 hours. The product is filtered on a glass-filter and washed with 300 ml chilled water. The product is suspended in 650 ml chilled water, then filtered and washed with 300 ml cold acetone. The product is suspended in 400 ml cold acetone and filtered and dried in an air-ventilation oven at 30° C. for 30 min. Yield: 66.6 g (63%, according to assays) Aztreonam (Assay: 100.5%, water content: 18.0%).
- HPLC Impurity Profile:
- Aztreonam: 99.22%
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester: 0.44%
- HPLC Impurity Profile of Sample from Reaction Mixture:
- Aztreonam: 82.20%
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester: 0.43%
- Aztreonam, open-chained: 7.22%
- Other main degradation product (RRT=0.56): 5.24%
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester (27.11 g, Assay as is: 96.5%, 0.05328 mol) is suspended in a mixture of 122 ml water and 1.35 ml cc. HCl. The suspension is heated to 62° C. with stirring and 30 ml cc. HCl is added. The suspension, which becomes clear after approx. 15 min, (then the product starts to precipitate), is stirred for 30 min at 63-65° C. Chilled water (162 ml) is added with efficient stirring and the resulting slurry is cooled further to 25° C. After two hours it is cooled to 0° C. and stirred for 2 hours. The product is filtered on a glass-filter, washed twice with 120 ml chilled water, twice with 125 ml cold acetone and filtered. The product is dried at room temperature overnight. Yield: 19.44 g (72%, according to assays) Aztreonam (Assay: 100.1%, water content: 14.4%).
- HPLC Impurity Profile:
- Aztreonam: 99.65%
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester: 0.21%
- HPLC Impurity Profile of Sample from Reaction Mixture:
- Aztreonam: 89.43%
- Aztreonam t-butyl ester: 0.26%
- Aztreonam, open-chained: 4.70%
- Other main degradation product (RRT=0.56): 1.47%
- Having thus described the invention with reference to particular preferred embodiments and illustrated it with examples, those of skill in the art may appreciate modifications to the invention as described and illustrated that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as disclosed in the specification.
Claims (15)
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US10/635,659 US7145017B2 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2003-08-05 | Preparation of Aztreonam |
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EP (1) | EP1527072A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006514608A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100687001B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1681812A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003265373A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL166591A0 (en) |
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Cited By (2)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20050032775A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-02-10 | Viktor Gyollai | Aztreonam L-lysine and methods for the preparation thereof |
US7452991B2 (en) | 2003-05-15 | 2008-11-18 | Teva Gyógyszergyár Zártkörüen Müködö Részvénytársaság | Aztreonam β polymorph with very low residual solvent content |
Families Citing this family (6)
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CA2606901A1 (en) | 2005-05-09 | 2006-11-16 | Sicor Inc. | Process for making aztreonam |
WO2007083187A2 (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-07-26 | Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Limited | An improved process for the preparation of monobactam antibiotic |
CN101412715B (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-04-14 | 海南百那医药发展有限公司 | Aztreonam compound and preparation thereof |
CN102127068B (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-08-29 | 山西普德药业股份有限公司 | Method for synthesizing aztreonam compound |
CN102311431B (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2014-12-10 | 海南海药股份有限公司 | Method for preparing anhydrous beta-aztreonam |
CN105017241B (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2018-03-06 | 山东罗欣药业集团股份有限公司 | A kind of aztreonam compound and its preparation |
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US20040062721A1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2004-04-01 | Montgomery Alan Bruce | Inhalable aztreonam lysinate formulation for treatment and prevention of pulmonary bacterial infections |
US20050014739A1 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2005-01-20 | Viktor Gyollai | Aztreonam beta polymorph with very low residual solvent content |
US20050032775A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-02-10 | Viktor Gyollai | Aztreonam L-lysine and methods for the preparation thereof |
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- 2003-08-05 CN CNA038187159A patent/CN1681812A/en active Pending
- 2003-08-05 AU AU2003265373A patent/AU2003265373A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-05 JP JP2004526053A patent/JP2006514608A/en active Pending
- 2003-08-05 WO PCT/US2003/024593 patent/WO2004013133A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2003-08-05 EP EP03767242A patent/EP1527072A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-05 US US10/635,659 patent/US7145017B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-05 KR KR1020057001992A patent/KR100687001B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-08-05 MX MXPA05001486A patent/MXPA05001486A/en active IP Right Grant
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US4529698A (en) * | 1981-01-19 | 1985-07-16 | E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. | Process for preparing a 2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid salt |
US20040062721A1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2004-04-01 | Montgomery Alan Bruce | Inhalable aztreonam lysinate formulation for treatment and prevention of pulmonary bacterial infections |
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US7452991B2 (en) | 2003-05-15 | 2008-11-18 | Teva Gyógyszergyár Zártkörüen Müködö Részvénytársaság | Aztreonam β polymorph with very low residual solvent content |
US20050032775A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-02-10 | Viktor Gyollai | Aztreonam L-lysine and methods for the preparation thereof |
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US7145017B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
IL166591A0 (en) | 2006-01-15 |
JP2006514608A (en) | 2006-05-11 |
CN1681812A (en) | 2005-10-12 |
WO2004013133A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
KR100687001B1 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
AU2003265373A1 (en) | 2004-02-23 |
MXPA05001486A (en) | 2006-05-25 |
EP1527072A1 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
KR20050033647A (en) | 2005-04-12 |
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