US2002386A - Double piston fluid motor - Google Patents

Description

May 21, 1935.

` c. E. BANNlsrER DOUBLE PISTON FLUID MOTOR `Original Filed Nay l5, 1931 Sheets-Sheet May 21, 1935. c. E. BANNISTER DOUBLE PISTON FLUID MOTOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed May' 15,. 1951 Patented May 21, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application May 15, 1931, Serial No. 537,617 Renewed November 17, 1933 10 Claims.

'5 ularly 'adaptable for use in conjunction with the deep Well drilling apparatus illustrated and described in my prior and co-pending application, Ser. No. 271,923, filed April 21, 1928.

The advantages and desirability of a motorV effecting an oscillating movement of the cuttingbit, as the machine descends into the bore which it is forming, are fully set forth in said prior application, and reference thereto is hereby made.

An important object of the present invention is the provision of a poppet valve uid pressure motor which may be freely suspended in a well bore and operate a cutting bit in an oscillating manner so as to feed itself constantly into the bore being formed. v

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of a poppet valve motor which is simple and economical to build and assemble, and which is positive in operation.

Another object of the invention resides in providing means associated with a plurality of re'- ciprocating pistons, to convert the reciprocations of said pistons into oscillations of the bit carrying shaft.

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of means, operable at a predetermined instant, to accelerate travel of said pistons in one direction.

Other objects and features of the invention reside in the particular construction and arrangement of the parts of my novel motor. I

The above and other features and objects of the invention, details of construction, combinations of parts, and advantages, will be hereinafter more fully pointed out, described and claimed.

Referring to the drawings, illustrating a preferred embodiment ofthev present invention,

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a well boring machine in which my novel motor is incorporated, in the process Vof drilling a well bore; 1

Fig.,2 is a longitudinal sectional view of my novel motor;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view on the line 4--4 ofV Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2;v A

'Fig. 6 is a cross sectional View on the line 5`6 of Fig. 2;

Fig. '7 is a cross sectional view on the line 1--1 of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view on the'line 8 8 of Fig.2.

Referring now to the drawings, for a particular description of the invention, its construction and operation, I designates a Well bore, in which a working barrel comprised of a plurality of sections 2, 2 united by suitable joints 3 is suspended by means of flexible cables 4, these cables being controlled and operated by any usual or suitable surface equipment (not shown).

A flexible hose 5 is utilized to convey fluid under pressure from any usual or suitable pump (not shown) or other source of power above ground.

In Fig. 1 my novel motor is illustrated gener-V ally at 6, and as more clearly illustrated in Fig. 2, said motor comprises a cylinder block 1 and a sleeve 8, united in any desirable manner as by a locked threaded joint.

In the cylinder block 1 are formed two cylinders 9 and I0, in which are reciprocating pistons II and I2. Each piston II has depending therefrom a hollow piston rod I3 and' I4 respectively, these piston rods being Slidable and having a bearing in the bottom of the block 1.

Fixed to the block 1 at the top of the cylinder 9 is a plug I5 having an inlet port I6 therethrough, and fixed in the block 1 at the top of the cylinder I is a plug I1 having an inlet port I8 there'- through. Supported at its upper end. in the cylinder block 1 and at its lower end in a plug I 9 fixed in the lower end of the sleeve 8 is a shaft 20, this shaft 2Il'being provided with a collar 2l resting on an anti-friction bearing 22 in the plug I9.

A stuffing box 23 is provided surrounding the shaft 20 and fixed in the plug I9. The shaft 20 is provided with a plurality of spiral grooves 24, 4and formed on the lower end of each of the piston rods I3 and I4 is a lug 25 riding in said grooves. Also formed on the bottom or adjacent to the lower end of each piston rod I3 and I4 are lugs 26. These lugs 26 are adapted to ride in vertical slots 21 formed in a liner 28 which is held against rotation within the sleeve 8.

Slidable within the piston rod I3 is a. valve stem 29 having a valve 30 on its upper end, Vsaid -valve 30 being adapted to seat, at predetermined intervals, onthe plug I to seal the inlet port I6. A stop 3| is xed to the barrel section V2 by rivets 32 or in any other desired manner. The vlower end of the valve stem 29 is provided with a cap or Vbutton 33, and surrounding the valve stem 29 and resting against said cap 33is a flanged sleeve 34. A flanged sleeve 35 also surrounds the stem 29 and is Slidable thereon and abuts against the lower end of the piston rod I3. Surrounding the valve stem 29 and confined between the flanges of the sleeves 34 and 35 is a coiled spring 36.

The cap 33 is in constant engagement with the upper surface of an annular rocker 31, at one side of the pivot points 38, these pivots comprising screws projecting through the liner 28 and engaging the'bearing journals 39 of the rocker 31.

In engagement with the upper surface of the rocker 31, at the opposite side thereof', yis a cap 4) on the lower end of a valve stem 4|, said valve stem being provided with sleeves 42 and 43 and a coiled spring 44, similar to the sleeves 34 and 35 and coiled spring 36. At the upper end of the '.alve stem 4I is a valve 45, a stop 46 being provided to limit upward movement of the valve 45, similar to the stop 3|.

Fixed to the valve stem 29, and movable therewith, is a sleeve valve 41, a pin 48 securing said sleeve valve to the stem 29.

Exhaust ports 49 communicate with the upper end of the cylinder 9 and with vertical fluid conducting passages 50, and exhaust ports 5I communicate with the cylinder I 6 and with said vertical passages 50. A sleeve valve 52 is xed to the valve stem 4| by a pin 53, the location of this valve 52 on its stem 4| being similar to the location of the valve 41 on the stem 29.

The lower end of the shaft 20 carries a bit 54 provided with the cutting edges 55. f

The vertical fluid conducting passages 50 meet at their lower ends, as at 56, and communicate with the hollow interior 51 of the shaft 20, the central bore of the shaft 20 extending completely therethrough and through the bit 54, iluid conducted through said passage being utilized tc cool the bit as well as flush the cuttings out of the bore being formed.

A series of channels 58 is provided through the lower end of the block 1 communicating with the cylinder 9 beneath the piston II and with the hollow interior 59 of the sleeve 8. A series of channels |36 likewise communicates with the cylinder` ID beneath'the piston I2 and with the hollow interior 59 of the sleeve 8. A supply of lubricant suflicient to occupy the space from the bottom of the piston I I .through the cylinder 9, channels 58, interior 59, channels 60 and cylinder I0 beneath the piston I2 is provided. Thus all moving parts from the pistons downwardly, are continually bathed in oil, insuring long life to the moving parts and hence to the motor.

The operation of my present novel motor is simple, and will be readily understood by those skilled. in this art, being briey described as follows:

Fluid under pressure being conveyed through the hose 5, and through the hollow interior 6I, of the barrel sections 2, will enter the inlet port I6, when the motor is in the position illustrated in Fig. 2. 'Ihe sleeve 41 closes the outlet ports 49, so that the fluid under pressure will bear against the top of the piston I I, forcing the same downwardly in its cylinder 9, and compressing the spring 36 between the flanges of the sleeves 35 and 34.

This downward movement of the piston II, with its associated lug 25 riding in one lof the grooves 24, will effect a rotative movement of the shaft26, and the lug 25 associated with the piston I2, riding in the other groove 24, will cause the piston I2 to rise, the vertical movement of the piston I2 being assisted by the spring 44. As the pistons II and I2 and their rods I3 and I4 are thus reciprocated, the `lugs 25 riding in the spiral grooves 24 will effect an oscillatory movement of the shaft 20, this movement in turn being transmitted to the bit 54. im the sleeve 35 is moved downwardly by the piston rod I3, it will` compress the spring 36 until said sleeve comes in contact with the upper end of the sleeve 34, forcing said sleeve, and hence the valve stem 29 downwardly against the rocker 31. During this movement of the sleeve 35', the closed valve 45 is maintained en its seat by the uid pressure in the barrel 2 bearing against its upper surface. By the time the sleeve 35 engages the sleeve 34, the spring 36 will have been compressed past its central position.

By this time the piston I2 will have risen substantially to the top of the cylinder I0, and as the rocker 31, through the positive action above described, is rocked on its pivots, the valve 45 will be unseated and the contracted spring 36 will shoot the valve stem 29 downwardly, seating the Valve 30 over the inlet portl I6, preventing the further admission of fluid therethrough, and simultaneously moving the sleeve valve 41 downwardly to open or expose its associated exhaust ports. As the valve stem 29 is forced downwardly, the rocker 31 will be pivoted on its pivots 38, as above explained, raising the valve stem 4I and valve 45, with a snap action due to the compression of the spring 36, and opening the inlet port I8 to the admission of fluid under pressure, whereupon the cycle just described will be repeated, effecting an oscillatory movement of the shaft 20 in the opposite direction, and hence an opposite oscillation of the bit 54. It will be noted that the area of the top of the piston I I is greater than the area of the top of the valve 45, so that when the piston II has descended to the point where the sleeve 35 has engaged the sleeve 34, the pressure on the piston II, coupled with the compression of the spring 36, will be sufcient to overcome the pressure on the valve 45, breaking the contact between said valve and its seat, whereupon the expansion of the spring 36 will complete the raising of said Valve 45.

As the piston I2 is rising, and before the valve 45 is opened, iluid in the cylinder III will be forced therefrom through the discharge ports 5 I, whence said fluid will traverse the passages 50 and be forced through the port 51 of the shaft 20 and downwardly through the bit 54 into the bottom of the bore being formed.

As the valve stem 29 is snapped downwardly, carrying with it the sleeve valve 41 and thus opening the exhaust ports 49, the valve stem 4I, being raised by the rocker 31 will carry the sleeve valve 52 upwardly, and close the exhaust ports 5I.

The operation of my novel motor will continue so long as fluid under pressure is conveyed thereto.

The upper ends of the passages 50 are closed by plugs 62, as clearly illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3.

The barrel 2, coupled with the block 1, sleeve 3, plug 9, liner 28, and other non-oscillating parts, are of such a mass and weight as to preclude any possibility of the oscillations of the shaft 20 and bit 54 being transmitted thereto. Thus I am enabled to utilize the free suspension illustrated, that is, the cables 4. I

As described in my said prior application, this free suspension, coupled with an oscillating cutting bit and motor therefor permits the formation of a vertical bore, ahighly desirable and important result which is incapable of achievement with any prior well drilling. device orapparatus of which I am aware. i

I believe that the uid pressure motor illustrated and described herein is novel, and I have therefore claimed the same broadly in the present application.

While I have necessarily described my present invention somewhat in detail, it will be appreciated that I may vary the size, shape and arrangement of parts within reasonably wide limits,

tion.

My invention is further described and defined in the form of claims as follows: 4

l.I In a fluid pressure motor, a pair of cylinders, a piston reciprocable in each of said cylinders, a hollow rod depending from each of said pistons, an inlet port at theyupper end of each of said cylinders, a valve cooperating with each inlet port, a valve stem depending from each valve and extending through its respective piston and piston rod, a rocker, the lower end of each of said valvestems being in engagement with said rocker,

and means to pivot said rocker to seat one valve-I rocker, the lower end of each of said valve stems and unseat the opposite valve.-

2. In a fluid pressure motor, a pair of cylinders, a piston reciprocable in each of said cylinders, a hollow rod depending from each of said pistons, an inlet port at the upper end of each of" said cylinders, a valvel cooperating with each inlet port, a' valve stem depending from each valve and extending through its respective piston and piston rod, a rocken'the lower end of` each of said valve stems being in engagement with said rocker, Ameans to pivot said rocker to seat one valve and unseat the opposite valve, and resilient means to accelerate the movement of said i valves.

3. In a iiuid pressure motor, a pair `of cylinders, a piston reciprocable in each .of said cylinders, a hollow rod depending from each of said pistons, an inlet port at the upper end of Veach of said cylinders, a valve cooperating'with each inlet port, a valve stem depending from each valve and extending through its respective piston and piston rod, a rocker, the lower end of each of said. valve 'stems beingA in engagement with said rocl'rer, means to pivot said rocker yto seat one valve and unseat theopposite valve, and means to limit the movement of said valves.

4. vIn a fluid pressure motor, a pair of cylinders,

a piston reciprocable in each of said cylinders,

a hollow rod depending from each of said pistons, an inlet port at the upper end of each of said cylinders, a valve cooperating with each inlet port, a valve stem depending from each valve and extending through its respective piston and piston rod, a rocker, the lower end of each of said valve stems being in engagement with said rocker, means to pivot said rocker to seat one valve and unseat the opposite valve, resilient means to accelerate the movement of said valves, and means to limit -the-movement ofl said valves.

5. In a fluid pressure motor, a pair of cylinders, a piston reciprocable in each of said cylinders, a hollow rod depending from each of said pistons,

- an inlet port` at the upper end of each of said means to pivot said rocker to seat one valve and unseat the opposite valve, and resilient means associated with each valvestem and alternately operable to accelerate the movement lof said l valves. Y

6. -In a iiuid pressure motor, a. pair of cylinders, a piston reciprocable in each of said cylinders, a hollow rod depending from each of said pistons,

an inlet port'at the upper end of-each of said cylinders, a valve cooperating with each inlet port,a valve stem ,depending from each valve and extending through its respective piston and l` piston rod, a rocker, the lower end of each of said valve stems being in engagement with said being in engagement with said rocker,- positive means associated with each valve stem to initiate movement of said rocker, and resilient means associated with each valve stem and alternately operable to accelerate movement of said rocker to seat one valve and unseat the opposite valve.

8. In a uid pressure motor, a pair of cylinders, I

a piston reciprocable in each of said cylinders, a

hollow rod depending from each of said pistons,

an inlet port at the upper end of each of said cylinders,` a valve cooperating with each inlet port, a valve stem depending from each valve and extending through its respective piston and piston rod, a rocker, the lower end of Aeach of said valve stems being in engagement with said rocker, and means to pivot said rocker to seat one valve and unseat the opposite valve, exhaust ports adjacent to the upper end of each cylinder, a sleeve valve xed to each of said valve stems and operable thereby to close the exhaust ports of a cylinder when the inlet port to said cylinder is open.

9. In a nuid pressure motor, a pairfof cylinders,

a piston reciprocable in each of said cylinders, a hollow rod depending from each of said pis- '-tons, an inlet port at the upper end of each of said cylinders, a vvalve cooperating withv each inlet port, a valve stem depending from each valve and extending through its respective piston and piston rod, positive means associated with each valve stem to initiate movement of the opposite valve, and resilient means associated with each valve .stem `and operable to accelerate movement of said positive vmeans to unseat said opposite valve.

10. A iiuid pressure motor comprising a shaft formed with at least two cam surfaces of opposite pitch, at least two alternating piston structures coacting with said cam surfaces to drive the shaft, a casing in which the shaft is rotatively mounted, -the casing having a pressure fluid chamber for each of the said piston structures, poppet valve seats in adjacent end walls of the chambers, slide valve ports in thel side walls of the chambers adjacent the poppet valve seats,

avalve stem for each chamber slidably extending through the piston thereof, a poppet valve and a slide valve secured on each of the said valve stems, a lever mechanism compelling the valve stems to reciprocate oppositely, contact means on each piston structure and its valve stem for actuating the other valve stem, and yielding' means interposed operatively between each piston structure and its valve stem for impelling the other valve stein beyond its movement compelled bythe contact means.

y CLYDE E. BANNISTER.

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