US2002347A - Structure for buildings - Google Patents

Description

May 21, 1935.

H. GRIESEL STRUCTURE FOR BUILDINGS Filed Sept. 30, 1951 s Sheets-Sheet '1 lhvgnfor:

May 21, 1935. H, GR E EL' 2,002,347

STRUCTURE FOR VBUIL-IDINGS Filed Sept. 50, 1931 s Sheets-Shet 2 H. GRIESEL STRUCTURE FOR BUILDINGS May 21, 1935.

5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Spt. so, 1951 I /n v e/72901 I I r 7 g I Patented May 21, 1935 PATENT OFFICE STRUCTURE FOR BUILDINGS Heinrich Griesel, Berlin, Germany Application September so, 1931, Serial No. 566,023

In Germany October 3, 1930 24 Claims.

My invention relates to a fireproof construction of floors and ceilings. These structures form the floors and ceilings between two consecu tive stories and as cover for the uppermost story constitute the roof. They could obviously also be used as ceilings for the cellars. In particular my invention relates to such structures in which superimposed ceiling .plates and cover plates of concrete or the like are arranged, with the provision between them of an insulating cavity, between spaced beams of iron, reinforced concrete or the like. In this arrangement the lower ceiling plates are supported on the lower flanges of the beamvide a ceilingconstruction consisting of a ceiling plate which rests on the lower flanges of two ceiling beams and on which a cover plate with lateral oblique surfaces is mounted with the provision of an intermediate insulating cavity. These oblique surfaces abut against corresponding oblique surfaces on the ceiling beams. In this way I attain that the cover plate fixes the ceiling plate by the vertical pressure it exerts and. at the same time exercises a lateral thrust against the beams asin a vaulted construction. By combining these features not only do I attain an adequate fixing of the lower ceiling plate whereby the latter can be made lighter and better capable of carrying its own weight but I also obtain a simple and favourable transference of load from the cover plates to the ceiling beams or rafters as well as a. ceiling construction which serves to render the building rigid from cellar to roof and which can be prepared simply, rapidly and cheaply by dry construction without any auxiliary boarding.

A further feature of my invention resides in the arrangement of longitudinal beams or bearing blocks or both between the cover plate and the ceiling plate. On these supporting means which abut directly against the ceiling beams I provide oblique surfaces against which corresponding oblique surfaces on the cover plates I abut, the latter being reinforced by ribsif desired. o

A further feature of my invention is constituted by iron reinforcements embedded in the cover plates with ends projecting therefrom. I join these ends with the ends of the iron reinforcements of the adjacent cover plate or bend them about the upper flange of the beam or at the ends of the ceiling or roof embedthem in According to one feature of my invention I proall plates of the ceiling are combined to a unitary whole so that an undivided, "complete and immovable ceiling is obtained extendin'gover the entire space to be bridged and furthermore the building is well anchored on all sides against wind pressure, vibrations and the like. Further features of my invention and advantages afforded thereby areset out in the subsequent description and the accompanying drawings forming part of my application.

In the drawings: i Fig. 1 is a cross section of one'embodiment of the invention which shows the positioning of the plates between two ceiling beams.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectionalong the line l-| of Fig. 1. o Fig. 2a is an enlarged representation of the manner in which the joints between the plates are sealed. 1 1 Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through a somewhat modified embodiment. Fig. 4 is a cross section through a further embodiment. o y c Fig. 4a shows the manner in which the cover plates are anchored to the beams of a ceiling or roofstructure by bending over the reinforcements embedded in the cover plates. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section along the line 2-2 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a cross section of an embodiment with vaulted cover plates.

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section along the line. 3-3 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 isa cross section through a further embodiment. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section along the line 4-4 of this embodiment.

Fig' 10 is an embodiment in which the cover.

along Figs. 14 and 15 show further embodiments in longitudinal section which embodiments are particularly suited for lighter roof constructions.

Fig. 16 is a cross section of an embodiment with a supporting beam flexibly secured to the ceiling.

plates for attaining an additional fixingand'anchoring of the ceiling. plates, in which longitudinal beams are disposed between the cover;plate,z

and the ceiling plate.

Fig. 17 is a similar embodiment, also in cross section, in which bearing blocks are provided between the cover plates and ceiling plates.

Fig. 18 is an embodiment resembling that of Fig. 16 showing a further example of the arrangement of the iron reinforcements embedded in the cover plate.

Fig. 19 is a plan view of the lower ceiling plate.

Fig. 20 is a corresponding cross section.

Fig. 21 is a corresponding longitudinal section.

Fig. 22 is a plan view of a ceiling plate provided with an auxiliary beam, according to Fig. 16.

Fig. 23 is a cover plate as seen from below.

Fig. 24 is a longitudinal section of the same.

Fig. 25 is a plan view of a bearing block as disposed between the upper and lower plates.

Fig. 26 is a cross section thereof. Fig. 2'7 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of such a bearing block provided with a separate handle. g s v Fig. 28 is a corresponding cross section. Fig.29 shows a plan view of one of the longitudinal beams on which the cover plates are sup orted. f i Fig, 30 is a corresponding cross section.

31, is a plan view of a longitudinal beam for a ceilingplate according to Fig. 16.

V 7 Fig. v32 is'a corresponding cross section.

V longitudinal ribs 3.

v Fig. 33 is a plan view of a bearing block with special recessesjfor the flexible connection for anchoring the ceilingplate according to Fig. 16.

- Fig. 34 is a corresponding cross section.

Fig. 35 is a plan view of a special construction of a .bearing block for preventing the cover plate from sliding in the case of sloping roofs.

. Fig. 36 is a corresponding cross section.

Fig. 37 shows in isometric projection a ceiling construction built up from ceiling plates and cover plates "in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 37a. shows on a larger scale the tying of the projecting reinforcing insertions of ironin two adjacent cover plates.

. In. the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 3 the ceiling beams l consist of I-shaped beams, on the lower flanges of which are carried the ceiling plates2. The detailof the shape and construction of the celing plates 2 is shown in Figs. 19 to 21 On their end faces they are provided with flange-like longitudinal ribs 3 and have reinforcing flanges 4 extending across their breadth.

. In order to afford the largest possible bearing they describe when inserted between the beams l and are shapedon their under surfaces 9 to suit the contour of the flanges on the ceiling beams .I or the rafters. Solidor hollow bearing blocks 5 are placed on the upper surfaces of the Two embodiments of such blocks are shown in section and in plan view in Figs. 25 to 28. g

In the embodiment according to Figs. 27 and 28 an aperture 30 is provided to serve as a handle in order to facilitate the insertion of the blocks. If desired the blocks may be provided with projections on the upper or lower bearing surfaces or both; the height of these projections correspending approximately to the rise whenarched plates areused'. r 7

- The longitudinal beams 6 which also may be constructed as' solid or hollow blocks are then superimposed with their oblique surfaces on'the bearing blocks 5. These longitudinal beams are shown in plan view and cross section in Figs. 29 and 30. The load carrying cover plates 8, which as shown in Figs. 23 and 24 may be reinforced by transverse ribs l and central ribs i, abut against these longitudinal beams 6 with their corresponding oblique surfaces. In the constructions according to Figs. 1 and 2 these ribs '5', '1 form separate transverse beams whereas in the embodiment according to Fig. 3 they are integral with the cover-plates. v I I When laying the ceiling and cover plates difficulties often occur due to the workmen having no possibility at all or only a poor possibility of gripping andholding the plates during their insertion, particularly during the insertion of the last plate.

In order to avoid these difficulties carrying devices l which are let into the plates are provided ata plurality of points on the upper surfaces of the plates; These carrying devices consist of yoke-s, bands, wires or the like, preferably in loop form by means of which the platescan readily be brought to the position in which they are to be laid and inserted therein. As soon as this has been done and if wires or bands are used, these are broken off or cut off or pressed down into the surface of the plate so as not to form an obst c In order to make it possible to seal the joint between two adjacent plates ina convenient manner grooves E2 of triangular, rectangular, circular or other shape are provided on the upper lateral edges of the cover plates and ceiling plates, into which grooves the mortar can readily be poured or applied. The joint is then wiped flat with the surface of the plate. If'valu'e is placed on a very tight joint then hemp and tar packings 39 are used or other packing materials can be placed in the gap before inserting the jointing material and if necessary the joint could be caulked. V

For completin'g the ceiling a layer 34 of sand or coal slag 'is applied to the cover plates 8 and the floor joists 33 embedded therein. The actual floor 32 is then laid on these joists.

In the ceiling constructed in this manner the cover plates 8 due to their vertical pressure clamp the ceiling plates 2 firmly through the intermediary of the longitudinal beams 6 and the bear-' ing blocks bso that the ceiling plates can be of light weight. Atthe same time the load carry-1 ing cover plates exert a lateral bearing thrust. on the ceiling beams l in the same manner as in a vaulted construction due to their oblique lateral surfaces it so that the ceiling beams i are subjected to a favourable strain and simple transmission of load.

In the embodiment according to Figs. 4 and 5, the I-beams consist of reinforced concrete, the longitudinal beams 6 are dispensed with, and the transverse beams l are supported against the bearing blocks 5 by means of the oblique faces l4 provided thereon. The cover plate 8 above these transverse beams alsorest on the upper flanges of the carrier beam l. Projecting iron reinforcements l3 are embedded in the cover plates 8 and are connected with the corresponding reinforcements of adjacent cover plates, being tied for eX- ample. In this way a rigid continuous ceiling is obtained and also an improved transmission of.

load from the cover plates to the ceiling beams.

Thus in additio'nto the advantages already setv manner against wind pressure, vibrations and the like.:: 1 .In-orderto.anchor the cover plates '8 to the beams ,in. a satisfactory manner the embedded iron reinforcements I3 can be bentabout the upper flange ofthe beamas shown in Fig. 4a. Abovethe'beam; the iron reinforcement is then covered with a protective layer of concrete. For anchoring it isembedded in the wallsof the building; -In-.the embodiment accordingto Figs. 6 and 7 thebearing blocks 51 are omitted, the cover plates 8:.arej vaulted andimade in one piece with the transverse beams '11.. In this embodiment also the cover plates labut with their oblique surfaces I4 against the longitudinal beams 6. whereby .they clamp the ceiling plates 2 and at the same time exert a lateral-thrust on the beams I as in. a vaultedconstruction.

Tocomplete the ceiling,:a layer 34 of sand or coal-slag is applied to the arched cover plate 8. The floor joists 33 for'thewooden flooring 32 are embedded in this layer as may be the case in all other embodiments. A calm the constructionaccording to Figs. 8 and9 the components 6 and .I are dispensed with. 'The cover plates 8 gabut' directly with their oblique surfaces against corresponding oblique scurfaces.

I4:on the beams I andrest on the bearing blocks 5 .toclamp the ceiling plate 2.,

:In order to facilitate the slaying of the cover platesgsunk"loopsrIl are-provided as carrying means and are formed by an exposed part of the reinforcement. The loops II "are engageable by means of a'.ihook, carrying strap, a crane :or the like so. that the plate can readily beremoved; The loops may remain exposed after the plate has been laid or .be covered or filled with:.con-.

crete, mortar or the like. i 1" Attention is directed tothe fact that the carrying devices described more particularly .with reference to Figs. 1 to'8 can obviously also be used inthe remaining constructions. 1 1 I I :I'heconstructionaccording to. Figs. 10 and 11 differs from that according to Figs. 8 and 9 only inthat the cover plates 8 rest directly on the ceiling plates 2. I i

i I In this case the flooring is formed by a jointless coating 36 on which a' linoleum covering is'laid. Such a fireproof flooring covering can obviously be provided in all other constructions in a manner "corresponding to that shown. in

Fig.10.,; Figs. 12, 13, 14 and 15 show further embodiments which are particularly suitable for'lighter roof constructions.

In these figures'therafters I5, which corre--.

plates from slipping with steepslopes of the roof;

The special construction shown in Figs. 13 to 15 alsoiserves this purpose. Figs. 35 and .36 show plan and cross sectional views of bearing blocks 5 constructedfor such special purposes.

The cover plates 8 abut .IB- is they 5'; upper edge with which the. Z-beam I'I'engages.

' Tocomplete the roof constructions the jointless coating 31 is applied to the cover plate 8 and the roof covering 38, for example cardboard, asphalt or. the like, is applied. In theembodiments Figs. 14 and 15 which are shown in cross section, the rafters consist of lighter .L-beams and occasional transverse connections I 8 consisting of similar beamsare provided. The bearing blocks 5 in the construction according to Fig. 14 are replaced at the appropriate points by two half blocks5. In Fig.1.) they are arranged in a manner similar to that shown in Fig. l3 so that they are disposed above the lighter transverse .L-beams I8.' I

If itshouldbe necessary to provide an additional clamping and thus a firmer anchoring of the lower ceiling plate in the ceiling construc--' tion, then a beam of concrete or the like is secured parallel to each of the two lateral edges of the ceiling plate by means of flexible but inextensible connections and when the ceiling plate is positionedin consequence of the flexible connections the beam assumes an elevated position on the strut of the ceiling beam or rafter'and engages in the recess in the beam 6 or, block 5 when the latter is positioned. In this way the beam is urged against the strut and at the same time the inextensible connection with the ceiling plate is tensioned. A number of such constructions are shown in Figs. 16, 17 and 18.

,In this construction, at the two lateral edges of the ceiling plate 2 are provided beams 23 which are spaced from'the ceiling plate 2 and are flexibly but inextensibly connected therewith by means of iron reinforcements 24. Instead of such a flexible and inextensible connection other connections could be provided such as, for example, wire netting, strip iron, pivoted hinges or the like. I As shown in Figs. 16 and 17 while inserting the ceiling plate the beams 23 assume an elevated position'on the struts of the beams I. On inserting the longitudinal beams 6 (Figs. 16, 31, 32) .or blocks 5 (Figs. 17, 33, 34) their lower bearing surfaces and the recesses 3|, 3 I in which the beam 23 and its connection 24 engage are provided with a mortar coating so that an intimate sheathing of the flexible connection 24 is provided and thus the latter is protected against rusting or any other deterioration.

As the flange 26 of the lateral beam 23 which is undermost after the ceiling plate 2 has been laid is oblique and as this oblique surface abuts against a corresponding obliquesurface in the recesses of the beams 6 or bearing blocks 5 during the insertion of the latter, then in consequence of the wedge action thus caused, these two oblique surfaces 26 of the beam 23 not only press against the strut of the ceiling beams or rafters but are at thesame time lifted thus firmly tensioning the flexible and inextensible connection 24. In this way the desired additional anchoring of the ceiling. plate 2 is provided.

The longitudinal beams 6 which in general extend over the entire length of the ceiling plate 2 may consist either of solid brick or hollow brick. In the latter case and as shown in Fig. 31, ribs 25 are provided; In a similar manner the blocks 5, which. at the joints rest half on each of the two adjacent ceiling plates, mayalso be constructed as hollow bricks in which case they are provided with a rib 2'I as'shown in Fig. 33.

1 In .order to make the beam 6 or block imore convenient to manipulate for insertion, openings 29 or 30 are provided to furnish a hold for the hand or for tools.

In order to make the ceiling continuous and rigid, iron reinforcements .I3 may also be provided in this construction and their projecting ends tied to the iron reinforcements of adjacent plates. I

Inuthe case of ceilingand roof constructions which are subjectedto particularly heavy load the iron reinforcement may be provided with yoke connections not only in the tension zone as shown in Figs. 16 andl? but also inv the pressure zone as shown at 28 in Fig. .18. For the rest this embodiment corresponds to that according to Fig. 16. i

Fig. 37 shows an isometric representation of a ceiling consisting of ceiling plates and cover plates according to Figs. 16 and 17. As already explained the actual flooring is then'laid on these cover plates. Fig. 37a shows on a larger scale the manner in which the projecting iron reinforcements 13 are tied together. v

. The individual constructional elements of such ceiling and roof structuresqmay be formed and shaped in any desired mannerand in particular the plates, bearing blocks, longitudinal beams and transverse beams and the like may be made from concrete of any kind with or'without iron reinforcement, preferably from armoured light concrete and if desired from terracotta, brick or the like. The underside ofthe ceilings can be plastered in known manner by means of wire 1 gauze or insertions in order to increase the adhesive properties of the plaster. The inner cavity maybe filled in any desired manner with any suitable insulating material andmay moreover be used for receiving heating purposes and water conduits, electric cables or the like. Such loads may be directly carried on the clamped ceiling plates 2 each constructedin the form of 'a carrying frame, provided that suitable iron reinforcements are provided. I

I claim: l. A ceiling construction comprising a ceiling plate carried on the lower flanges of two ceiling beams, a cover plate mounted on said ceiling plate with an insulating cavity therebetween, lateral oblique surfaces on said cover plate forming a skew-back, corresponding oblique surfaces on the ceiling beams against which the oblique surfaces on the closure plate abut, thereby exerting a lateral thrust against the beams as in a vaulted construction, and at the same time clamping the ceiling plate by its vertical pressure.

, '2. A ceiling construction comprising a lower abutment, two ceiling carriers having a lower flange for" supporting the abutment, mounted upon this lower abutment longitudinal beams leaning closely to the ceiling carriers, a cover plate inserted between said longitudinal beams, allowing for a hollow space, ribs provided at thelower side extending transversely to the ceiling carriers, diagonal surfaces adjacent the sides of the cover plate and the ribs, corresponding diagonal sur-- faces adjacent the longitudinal beams against which the'first named diagonal surfaces are supported, exerting a vault-like side thrust against the girders and clamping at the same time the ribsi inserted between said longitudinal beams allowing for a hollow space, a cover plate resting on said beams, diagonal surfaces at the sides of thecover plate and the ribs, corresponding diagonal surfaces adjacent the longitudinal beams against which the first named diagonal surfaces are supported, while exerting a vault-like side thrust against the girders and at the same time clamping the ceiling plate by its vertical pressure.

4. Means for producing a flexible and stressproof connection of a lateral girder with a ceiling plate comprising flexible iron mountings which are inserted by one end into the ceiling plate and by the other end into the lateral girders, and thus spacedly interconnect the ceiling plate and the lateral girders.

5. A ceiling construction comprising a ceiling plate, a cover plate mounted on this ceiling plate to leave an insulating hollow space, mountings inserted into this cover plate and projecting beyond the width of the plate, said'mountings being adapted for joining the cover plate with a neighboring building element so as not to be displaceable, abutment members onrsaid ceiling plate having lateral diagonal surfaces adjacent the cover plate, said cover plate having lateral diagonal surfaces, the diagonal surfaces of the cover plate being in a position to support themselves against the diagonal surfaces of the abutment members and exerting a vault-likeside thrust against the supportsandclamping, at the same time, the ceiling plate by its vertical bearing pressure.

6. A ceiling construction "comprising; a celling plate'superimposed on the lower flanges of two ceiling supports, a cover plate mounted on this ceiling plate so as to leave an insulating hollow space, mountings inserted into this cover plate and projecting beyond the width of the plate, said mountings being connected with the like mountings. of an opposite cover plate, abutment members on said ceiling plate having lateral diagonal surfaces adjacent the cover plate, said cover plate having lateral diagonal surfaces, the diagonal surfaces of the cover plate being in a position to support themselves against the diagonal surfaces of the abutment members and exerting, at the same time, a vault-like side thrust against the supports and clamping, at the same time, the ceiling plate by its vertical hearing pressure.

7. In a ceiling construction according to claim 1, individual panels or ceiling units composed of superimposed slabs, recesses being provided at the upper edges of two adjacent building slabs, said slabs having means for filling up the recesses of the joints between two adjoining plates.

8. In a ceiling formed in accordance with claim 1 of units composed of superimposed slabs, recesses at the upper edges of neighboring building slabs, caulking insertions inserted into said recesses, the remaining joint cracks being filled with a caulking medium.

9. In a ceiling construction according to claim 2, a building slab and means at the upper side of the slab suited for receiving and supporting the slab.

10. In a ceiling construction according to claim 1, a building slab and projecting loops of permanent material cast into the upper side of the slab.

11. In a ceiling construction according to claim 2, a. building slab and iron mountings inserted into the slab, one part of which is left integral to form sunken eyes. 1 A

circular arc describedat the embedment of the plate between two supports and embedding the plate, a cover plate mounted on-the ceiling plate so as tole avean insulating hollow space, supporting blocks'm'ounted on the ceiling plate and having lateral diagonal surfaces adjacent saidcover plate, suitable diagonal surfaces adjacent: the ceiling elements, the diagonal surfaces ofthe cover platebeing adapted for supporting themselves against the diagonal surfaces adjacent the' recesses, said recesses being suited for receiving,

building elements of ceiling constructions.

15. Ceiling construction for inclined ceilings, comprising a ceiling plate superimposed onthe lower flanges of two ceiling supports, abutment members mounted upon said ceiling plate closely adjoining the; ceiling supports, a cover plate inserted between said abutment members so as to leave a hollow space, abutment members on said plate having lateral diagonal surfaces adjacent said cover plate, the diagonal surfaces adjacent the cover plates being fit to support themselves like a vault against the diagonal surfaces of the abutment members, the ceiling plate being held immobile by the perpendicular pressure of the cover plate, transverse girders inserted between the abutment members, said girders engaging in recesses in the cover plate, recesses in the transverse girders, supporting pegs for engaging in said recesses, said pegs being inserted between the ceiling carriers.

16. A ceiling construction comprising a ceiling plate superimposed on the lower flanges of two ceiling carriers, abutment members superimposed upon said closing plate immediately adjacent the ceiling carriers, a cover plate inserted between said abutment members, a hollow space being left thereby, the cover plate being adapted for fixing the ceiling plate by its perpendicular component, lateral slanting surfaces on said abutment members adjacent said cover plate, lateral slanting surfaces on the cover plate, the slanting surfaces of the cover plate being adapted for supporting themselves in the manner of a vault against the slanting surfaces of the abutment members, a girder at either of the sides of the ceiling plate, said girders for a certain distance parallel to their side edges being secured with pliable and stress-proof means and being adapted to extend along the step of the ceiling carriers when the ceiling plate is displaced and, after, insertion of the abutment stones to press and rise up against the ceiling carrier step.

17. A ceiling construction comprising a ceiling plate superimposed upon the lower flanges of two ceiling carriers, girders adjacent the two lateral edges of the ceiling plate, said girders at a certain distance in parallel to their-'lateral edges being secured with pliable and stress-proof means and being adapted-torise up along the step of the ceiling carriers when the closing plate is displaced, abutment members superimposed upon the closing plate and closely adjacent the ceiling carriers; a recess'in said abutment members having a beveled bottom surface adapted for-receiving the girders, a bevel at that surface of the girders which is at the bottom-after the ceiling plate has been displaced, said'bevel corresponding to the beveled surface of the recessin the abutment members, these two slanting surfaces being adapted for producing the effect of a wedge when the abutment members are inserted, a cover plate in-- serted between the abutment members so as to leave open a hollow space,lateral slanting surfaces adjacent said cover plate, corresponding slanting surfaces adjacent the abutment members against which the first named slanting surfaces are supported, the coverplate-having a vault-like side thrust against the ceiling carriers and at the same time fixing the ceiling plate by its vertical bearing reaction; 1

' 18; A ceiling construction comprising a ceiling plate superimposed on the lower flanges of two ceiling carriers, abutment members superimposed on said ceiling plate immediately adjacentfthe ceiling carriers, a cover pIateinsertedbetween said abutment members while leaving a hollow space, said plate being adapted for fixing the ceiling plate by its vertical stress, lateral slanting surfaces on this cover plate, corresponding slanting surfaces on the abutment members, the slanting surfaces on the cover plates being adapted to support themselves like a vault adjacent the abutment members, recesses adjacent the lower side of the cover plate with which the cover plate lies upon the ceiling carriers and at the same time settles between the upper carrier flanges and the abutment members.

19. A ceiling construction for inclined ceilings, comprising a ceiling plate susperimposed on the lower flanges of two ceiling carriers, abutment members superimposed on this ceiling plate immediately adjacent the ceiling carriers, a cover plate inserted between said abutment stones while leaving open a hollow space, lateral slanting surfaces on said'abutment members adjacent said cover plate, corresponding slanting surfaces on the cover plate, the slanting surfaces of the cover plate being adapted for supporting themselves like a vault against the slanting surfaces of the abutments, the ceiling plate being fixed by the vertical stress of the cover plate inserted between the abutments, beams engaging recesses of the cover plate, recesses in these beams, said recesses being engaged by retaining strips which are inserted between the ceiling carriers.

20. A ceiling construction for inclined ceilings comprising a ceiling plate superimposed on the lower flanges of two ceiling carriers, abutment members superimposed on this ceiling plate closely adjacent the ceiling carriers, a cover plate inserted between said abutment members and leaving open a hollow space adapted for fixing the closing plate by its vertical stress, lateral slanting surfaces on this cover plate, corresponding slanting surfaces on the abutment members, the slanting surfaces on the cover plates being adapted for leaning against the slanting surfaces on the abutclosely adiacent the ceiling carriers a cover plate inserted b tw en ese ahu ments While leavin pen s a l w s ace adapted fo fixin the ceiling pl t by iisvertieal st ess,v late al slanting surfaces- 911 i Qev p ate, cor e pond ng slanting surface on e. abutments, the su faces. adjoinin the cov r pla es; bein adaptedv for leaning like a. vault a ainst the slanting surfaces of the abutme l isl b ams/inserted between the abutments,.

r recesses and grooves in. said beams, retaining s r ps in ertedbetween the ceiling carriers, one Qt w. S imsona es a recess, theother en-. seems a. roove andtthe cover plate.

L 122t Qeil' a onstruction compr sing a lower abu ment suneizimnosedupon the lower flanges of two c il n special borders. for support-l ingr'thl 103N613! abutment member as. a supporting frame, the lower side and the upper side of; these horde a be ng formed in keeping with the surfaces Qfi't e.adioinin nbuildina elements, a cotter plate; superimposed on the, lower abutment end while leay n open an.- insulating hollow space, lateral slanting suxfaces. on said cover plate, appropriate s antin urface on the neighboring, ceiling earri s, the s anting surfaces of the cover plate leeins adapted to bear against the slantin surfaces f the n boring. eiling arrierslthe cover plate exertin an areh-like side thrust against the car-- tier and at t e same time fixing the carrier frame withthe lowerabutment end by its vertical hear ing pressure.

23.. a ceiling construction as defined in claim 2-,. supporting block-members superimposed upon. the ceiling plate between the beams and the COW- (er-plate. j

24. A ceiling clmstruction comprising ceiling supports, abutment members; supported by the lower flanges of, two ceiling supports and immeiat y adja ent the ceiling supp rts. a cover plate inserted between said abutment members lat ral slantin surface o cover plate, corresponding slanting surfaces on the abutment m b s, th lantin surfaces. on the cov r plate bein dapted to support themselves like a. vault against the slanting surfaces. on the abutment members, recesses adjacent the lower side oi the cover plate with which the cover plate lies upon the ceiling. upports and at the same time settles be w n the abutment, member mountings inserted into.- this cov r plate and: pr j cting beyond the width of. the plate above the upper flanges or the ceilin s ppo s. said. mountings being" cone nected with the like mountings of an opposite 3.0.:

cover plate. v

HEINRICH. GRIESEL.

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