US20020042002A1 - Solid polymer electrolytes using polyether poly (N-substituted urethane) - Google Patents
Solid polymer electrolytes using polyether poly (N-substituted urethane) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020042002A1 US20020042002A1 US09/968,734 US96873401A US2002042002A1 US 20020042002 A1 US20020042002 A1 US 20020042002A1 US 96873401 A US96873401 A US 96873401A US 2002042002 A1 US2002042002 A1 US 2002042002A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- polyether
- solid polymer
- polymer electrolyte
- ion
- substituted urethane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- -1 poly (N-substituted urethane Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical class C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical group OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005641 methacryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium amide Chemical compound [Li+].[NH2-] AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- NSORSORRXHLKQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyacetic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)OCC(O)=O)C=C1 NSORSORRXHLKQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017048 AsF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013698 LiNH2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018954 NaNH2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IXWJBZQADHJLDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-9-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OC1=C(C=CC=C2)C2=CC2=CC=CC=C12 IXWJBZQADHJLDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OVHDZBAFUMEXCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 OVHDZBAFUMEXCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium aluminate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Al]=O YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AHNJTQYTRPXLLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;diethylazanide Chemical compound [Li+].CC[N-]CC AHNJTQYTRPXLLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IAMYQZXSUPCVDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 IAMYQZXSUPCVDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 16
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 7
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- SWZSKZZXXULJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxyheptane Chemical group CCCCCCCOC=C SWZSKZZXXULJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- ITBYOBDJCBTUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;methoxymethane Chemical compound COC.CCOC(N)=O ITBYOBDJCBTUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LZIPBJBQQPZLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 LZIPBJBQQPZLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical group [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOVJROOSBVOVCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,1,1,2,2-pentol Chemical compound OC(O)C(O)(O)O DOVJROOSBVOVCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C=O)=CC=CC2=C1N=C=O SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVTJGGGYKAMDBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxetane Chemical class C1COO1 BVTJGGGYKAMDBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012359 Methanesulfonyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYJXDIUNDMRLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 QYJXDIUNDMRLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000022261 cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010516 chain-walking reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MLTWWHUPECYSBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene-1,1,2-triol Chemical group OC=C(O)O MLTWWHUPECYSBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Pb] JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021445 lithium manganese complex oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000323 polyazulene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000414 polyfuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) and a solid polymer electrolyte. More particularly it relates to a solid polymer electrolyte which is suitable for electrochemical devices (e.g., battery, capacitor and sensor), antistatic agents, and electricity-controlling materials for rubber and plastics.
- electrochemical devices e.g., battery, capacitor and sensor
- antistatic agents e.g., antistatic agents
- electricity-controlling materials for rubber and plastics.
- a method for manufacturing a solid polymer electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt and a polymeric adduct prepared by reacting hydroxy-functional acrylic copolymer and polyether monoisocyanate is disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,337,184.
- the resulting solid polymer electrolyte has improved flexibility but the acrylic copolymer has no contribution to improve ionic conductivity.
- N-methyl polyurethane having high molecular weight is prepared by polycondensation of ⁇ , ⁇ ′-(4,4-di-N-methylaminodiphenyl)-p-diisopropyl benzene and bisphenol A bis(chlorocarbonic ester) in two-phase reaction medium comprising aqueous sodium hydride solution and methylene chloride/chlorobenzene mixture.
- polyurethane sodium salt through removing active hydrogen by using sodium hydride or sodium and then nucleaphilic substitution reaction with an alkyl halide.
- polyurethane comprising ethylene glycol and methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) is dropped into sodium hydride dissolved in DMF to give polyurethane sodium salt.
- MDI methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate)
- DMF dimethylformamide
- the sodium salt is reacted with methyl iodide dissolved in DMF under inert gas atmosphere at 0° C. for two hours to produce the corresponding N-methyl polyurethane (See H. C. Beachell and J. C. Peterson Buck, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem., Ed. 7, “dilute solution studies of nitrogen-substituted polyurethanes”, 1873-1879, 1969).
- poly(N-sub stituted urethane) has lower mechanical properties than polyurethane and thus it requires an introduction of crosslinking structure.
- polyethyleneoxide-grafted polyurethane copolymer may be used for N-substitution reaction in the first method.
- the applications to solid polymer electrolytes obtained by using a polyether copolymer matrix having oligooxyethylene side chains are restricted due to the above-mentioned side reaction and low conversion rate.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a solid polymer electrolyte having excellent ionic conductivity, processing characteristics, molding characteristics and mechanical characteristics compared to the conventional solid electrolytes.
- a method for preparing polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having oligooxyethylene side chains suitable for the solid polymer electrolytic matrix Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery and permeable membrane for an ion electrode prepared by using the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 a presents 1 H-NMR spectrum of the polyether polyurethane prepared in preparation Example
- FIG. 1 b shows 13 C-NMR spectrum of the polyether polyurethane prepared in preparation Example
- FIG. 2 a presents 1 H-NMR spectrum of the polyether poly(N-methyl urethane) prepared in Example 1;
- FIG. 2 b shows 13 C-NMR spectrum of the polyether poly(N-methyl urethane) prepared in Example 1;
- FIG. 3 a presents 1 H-NMR spectrum of the polyether poly(N-oligoethoxy urethane) prepared in Example 8.
- FIG. 3 b presents 13 C-NMR spectrum of the polyether poly(N-oligoethoxy urethane) prepared in Example 8.
- the present invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte of a polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) comprising an electrolyte compound and a polymer matrix, wherein the polymer matrix has 50,000-2,000,000 of an weight average molecular weight and comprises a polyether unit of the following formula (1) and a main chain structure of N-substituted urethane unit having oligooxyethylene side chains of the following formula (2):
- R is a hydrogen atom or alkyl
- R1, R2, and R3 are optionally alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or oligo(ethylene oxide) derivative and at least one is an oligo(ethylene oxide) derivative
- I is isocyanate
- E is glycol or amine having a number average molecular weight of 400 or less
- m is an integer of 2-4
- n is an integer of 1-60
- x is an integer of 1-5.
- the present invention is described in more detail as set forth hereunder.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention comprises an electrolyte compound such as inorganic salt and polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) matrix having oligooxyethylene side chains.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention can contain organic solvent as needed.
- Polyether polyol forming the polyether unit of formula (1) is preferably a diol or a triol having a molecular weight of 100-1500 such as a diol or triol selected from poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol, poly(oxyethylene) glycol, and poly(oxypropylene) glycol; a copolymerized polyol having a molecular weight of 100-1500 that is between ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; or a low- molecular weight polyol.
- the isocyanate unit I can be an aromatic or aliphatic polyisocyanate.
- the isocyanate include but are not limited to 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4-biphenylene diisocyanate, 1,3-cyclophenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclophenylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-naphthalene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), bis(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane, bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane, m-xylene diisocyanate, and N,N′,N′′-tris(6-isocyanatohexamethylene)bi
- E of the urethane unit is a glycol or amine group having a number average molecular weight of less than 400.
- E include but are not limited to ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-butandiol, 1,6-hexandiol, neopentyl glycol, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tolylenediamine, 4,4′-biphenylenediamine, and isophorone diamine.
- N-substituents R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is an oligo(ethylene oxide) derivative and an example is the following formula (3),
- R 4 is C 1 -C 12 alkyl, mesyl, tosyl, acryl, methacryl, vinyl or glycerol diethoxylate expressed in the following formula (4a) or (4b) wherein y and r are independently an integer of 1-20.
- Oligo(ethylene oxide) derivatives of formula (3) essentially used as an alkylating agent may be used alone or in a combination of two or more to control the length, composition, or structure of the side chain of the polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) depending on the purpose.
- Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having oligooxyethylene side chains of the present invention has a weight average molecular weight of 50,000-2,000,000, preferably 200,000-1,500,000. It provides the following characteristics to be useful for the solid polymer electrolytic matrix.
- Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) comprises the main chain of a polyethylene oxide unit exhibiting excellent ionic conductivity and an urethane unit having improved ionic conductivity.
- the side chain of low molecular polyethylene oxide performs internal plasticizing action, resulting in increasing the dissociation of electrolytes, the formation of amorphous solid polymer electrolytes, and significant improvement in ionic conductivity with increased ion migration through the chain reaction.
- the polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) also has excellent physical characteristics through crosslinking of crosslinkable functional groups.
- the polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) further provides excellent thermal stability, electrochemical stability, processing characteristics, and low surface resistance between electrode and solid polymer electrolyte due to excellent adhesion to the electrode.
- the polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) of the invention solves the leakage of electrolytic liquid and prevents the corrosion of electrodes by using no or minimum amount of organic solvents. Therefore, it can be used in various electrochemical devices such as a secondary battery with less cost.
- the present invention further provides a method for preparing polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having the oligooxyethylene side chains.
- Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) of the present invention is prepared by reacting a polyether polyurethane and organic alkaline metal salt to give the polyether polyurethane metal salt and then alkylating the result metal salt with tosylate or mesylate. The reactions are presented as follows:
- the polyether polyurethane metal salt is prepared by a general solution polymerization between the polyether polyurethane having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000-2,000,000 and alkaline organic metal salts.
- the reaction is performed under inert gas atmosphere at no higher than 15° C., preferably 0-15° C.
- the organic alkaline metal salt is preferably an organic metal salt of alkali metal.
- the organic alkali metal salt include but are not limited to potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK), lithium amide (LiNH 2 ), sodium amide (NaNH 2 ), and lithium diethylamide (LiN(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 ). It can be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
- organic alkali metal salt is potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK).
- the polyether polyurethane is prepared as a solution with the use of a solvent.
- the solvent is preferably a polar organic solvent.
- the polar organic solvents include tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamaide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or mixtures thereof.
- the obtained metal salt of polyether polyurethane is further alkylated with an alkylating agent chosen from tosylate and mesylate to produce the desired polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having oligo(oxyethylene) side chains.
- an alkylating agent chosen from tosylate and mesylate to produce the desired polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having oligo(oxyethylene) side chains.
- the reaction between the metal salt of polyether polyurethane and the alkylating agent is performed under inert gas atmosphere at no higher than 15° C., preferably 0-15° C.
- Tosylate or mesylate of oligo(oxyethylene oxide) derivatives of formula (3) is used as the alkylating agent which is selected from C 1 -C 12 alkyl tosylate or alkyl mesylate, benzyl tosylate, 1-naphthyl tosylate, 9-anthryl tosylate, carboxymethyl tosylate and a mixture thereof.
- the oligo(ethylene oxide) derivative as the alkylating agent of formula (3) has a tosyl, acryl, methacryl or vinyl group, which is crosslinkable, at the end portion. Accordingly, it is possible to introduce crosslinked structure by a photo-crosslinking reaction after forming a film, a heat-initiated crosslinking reaction, or by a substitution reaction in a reaction medium. Therefore, the present invention performs an additional crosslinking reaction with crosslinkable functional group introduced at N-substituted group after performing the first and second reactions.
- Tosylate or mesylate used as the alkylating agent is prepared by reacting p-toluenesulfonyl chloride or methanesulfonyl chloride with alcohol or its derivative.
- Tosylate of oligo(ethylene oxide) used as the alkylating agent in the present invention is prepared by the following schemes:
- the present invention is characterized by using an organic metal salt as a catalyst to reduce a side-reaction during the formation of poly(anions) and using a tosylate or mesylate compound, which has high nucleophilic substitution reaction rate, as an alkylating agent.
- the method for preparing polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) of the present invention reduces a side reaction problem which occurs in the conventional method using a strong base such as sodium and sodium hydride.
- the present invention provides the polymer having excellent mechanical characteristics and excellent substitution on N-position by using an alkaline organic metal salt and a tosylate compound.
- the tosylate compound has faster nucleophilic substituting rate than alkyl halogen compound which has been used for the conventional alkylating agent and introduces a crosslinked structure at the end portion.
- the crosslinked structure can be formed by a substitution in a solution or a photo-crosslinking reaction.
- the present invention provides polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains obtained by using one or a mixture of alkylating agents to control easily the length, composition and structure.
- Electrolyte compound used in the present invention comprises anion and cation and can be dissolved in polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) solution.
- the electrolyte compound includes at least one cation selected from the group consisting of metal cation, ammonium ion, idium ion and guanidium ion, and at least one anion selected from the group consisting of chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, perchloric ion, thiocyanic ion, tetralluoroboric ion, nitric ion, AsF 6 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , stearylsulfonic ion, octylsulfonic ion, dodecylbenzene sulfonic ion, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-puinodimethane ion, R′SO 3 —,(
- Transition metal ion can be used as the metal cation and preferred ion is selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag and a mixture thereof. Further, satisfied result is obtained by using one selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba and a mixture thereof as the metal cation. It is possible to use two or more kinds of the above metal cations in combination as the electrolyte compound.
- Examples of the electrolyte compound include lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium trifluoromethansulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ), lithium bistrifluoromethansulfonylamide (LiTFSI), and a mixture thereof.
- LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , and LiTFSI are widely used for a secondary lithium battery because no substantial glass transition point is shown with addition of such electrolytes.
- a ratio of the number of moles of the electrolyte compound used for the total number of moles of ethylene oxide in the main chain and the side chain is preferred to be in the range of 0.0001-5, more preferred to be 0.001-0.5. If the ratio exceeds 5, processing characteristics, molding characteristics, mechanical strength and flexibility become inferior, resulting in a reduced ionic conductivity.
- the solid polymer electrolyte can be prepared by mechanically mixing the respective components or dissolving them with the use of a solvent and removing the solvent.
- mechanically mixing there can be performed by using kneaders, rolls or extruders, etc.
- the solvent include but are not limited to tetrahydrofuran, acetone, acetonitile, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, methylethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, and mixture thereof.
- These solvents are polar and can be used alone or in a combination thereof.
- the concentration of the solvent is not specifically limited, but it is preferably used in the range of 1-50 wt. %.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention can contain organic solvent at need.
- Preferred organic solvent of the solid polymer electrolyte is selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, diethoxy ethane, dimethoxy ethane, ⁇ -butyactone and a mixture thereof.
- additives used by one skilled in the art, such as an inorganic salt and ceramic filler, may be incorporated to the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention.
- an inorganic salt is added with an organic solvent, it is preferred to use 5-15 wt. % to the total weight of the electrolyte.
- the ceramic filler are silica, alumina, lithium aluminate, zeolite and a mixture thereof and it is preferred to use 5-25 wt. % to the total weight of the electrolyte.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention is useful to form a thin film having a large-surface area and flexibility.
- the solid polymer electrolyte is also used for producing batteries by combining positive electrode and negative electrode.
- positive electrode materials used for the batteries include lithium-manganese complex oxide, lithium-cobaltate, vanadium pentoxide olyacene, polypyrene, polyaniline, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polypyrrol, polyfuran and polyazulene.
- Examples of negative electrode materials include interlaminated compound wherein lithium is occluded between layers of graphite or carbon, cobalt—lithium or lithium—lead alloy.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention is used for permeable membrane of an ion electrode such as alkali metal ion, Cu ion, Ca ion and Mg ion having high electric conductivity.
- an ion electrode such as alkali metal ion, Cu ion, Ca ion and Mg ion having high electric conductivity.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention is also effectively useful for solid batteries, condensers having large capacity, and electrochromic display due to its excellent processing characteristics, molding characteristics, mechanical strength and flexibility.
- Polyethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of 400 and bis(4-isocyanatophenyl) methane are mixed to be an equivalent ratio of 1.05: 1 (isocyante : hydroxy group).
- the mixture was placed in 20 wt. % of tetrahydrofuran and the mixture was reacted under inert gas atmosphere at 50° C. for 5 hours to give polyether polyurethane.
- the obtained polyether polyurethane has 105,000 of a weight average molecular weight and 278° C. of a pyrolytic temperature in the air measured for 5 wt. % of loss.
- the obtained product was dissolved in distilled water and extracted with methylene chloride to obtain substituted N-methyl polyether polyurethane and remove potassium salt of tosylate.
- the solvent was evaporated to produce polyether poly(N-dioxyethylene methyl ether urethane) having high viscosity.
- the poly(N-dioxyethylene methyl ether urethane) has a weight average molecular weight of 75,000 and the conversion rate is over 95% in FT-IR analysis.
- Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) partially crosslinked with oligooxy ethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 492,000 was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 6, except using 95 mol % of tosyl trioxyethylene methylether and 5 mol % of oligooxy ethylene ditosylate which is crosslinkable, instead of 100 mol % of tosyl dioxyehtylene methyl ether.
- a solid polymer electrolyte was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 6, except performing that 1 g of the obtained polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) was dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with acetonitrile solution of lithium triflate to make a ratio of the number of moles of the lithium triflate to the number of moles of ethylene oxide 0.005.
- Polyether poly(N-sub stituted urethane) partially crosslinked with oligooxy ethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 245,000 was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except using 95 mol % of tosyl heptaoxyethylene methylether and 5 mol % of oligooxy ethylene ditosylate, instead of 100 mol % of tosyl dioxyehtylene methyl ether.
- Solid polymer electrolyte was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except performing that 1 g of the obtained polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) was dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with acetonitrile solution of lithium triflate to make a ratio of the number of moles of the lithium triflate to the number of moles of ethylene oxide 0.005.
- Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having a weight average molecular weight of 85,000 was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except using 60 mol % of tosylate and 40 mol % of tosyl heptaoxyethylene methylether, instead of 100 mol % of tosyl dioxyehtylene methyl ether. The conversion rate was 95%.
- Solid polymer electrolyte was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except performing that 1 g of the obtained polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) was dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with acetonitrile solution of lithium triflate to make a ratio of the number of moles of the lithium triflate to the number of moles of ethylene oxide 0.005.
- Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having a weight average molecular weight of 87,400 was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except using 40 mol % of tosylate and 60 mol % of tosyl heptaoxyethylene methylether, instead of 100 mol % of tosyl dioxyehtylene methyl ether. The conversion rate was 95%.
- Solid polymer electrolyte was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except performing that 1 g of the obtained polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) was dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with acetonitrile solution of lithium triflate to make a ratio of the number of moles of the lithium triflate to the number of moles of ethylene oxide 0.005.
- T g Glass transition temperature
- the polyether poly(N-substituted urethanes) prepared in Examples 7 and 8 have higher molecular weight than those in Examples 6, 9, and 10 because of better formation of the crosslinked structure, while the polyether poly(N-substituted urethane)s prepared in Examples 6, 9, and 10 provide higher ionic conductivities because of longer side chains.
- the polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) prepared in Example 10 has the highest ionic conductivity and it is noted that crystallizability is minimized with an increase of the side chain length formed in a combination of short and long substituents.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention provides excellent thermal stability, electrochemical stability and mechanical strength and superior flexibility and ionic conductivity.
- the characteristics can be controlled by adjusting the length, composition, structure and crosslinked degree of the side chains of polyether poly(N-sub stituted urethane) matrix. Therefore, the solid polymer electrolyte can be used for electrochemical devices such as a polymer secondary battery.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) and a solid polymer electrolyte. More particularly it relates to a solid polymer electrolyte which is suitable for electrochemical devices (e.g., battery, capacitor and sensor), antistatic agents, and electricity-controlling materials for rubber and plastics.
- Conventional electrolytes, which are used for electrochemical devices such as chargers, capacitors and sensors, have been prepared as solutions or pastes for better electric conductivity. However, these devices are likely to be damaged due to leakage of liquid and it is difficult to reduce the size and volume of electrolytes because a separator is required with liquid electrolytes. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the solid electrolytes prepared by using inorganic crystalline substances, inorganic glasses and organic polymers have been developed. The organic polymers are normally superior in processing characteristics and molding characteristics and the resulting solid electrolytes have flexibility and bending processing characteristics. Design freedom of the device for which the solid polymer electrolyte is applied becomes large. However, the organic polymer substance is inferior to other materials in ion conductivity at present.
- In order to solve such problems, numerous efforts have been made to develop various solid polymer electrolytes, pure solid polymer electrolytes, gel-type polymer electrolytes, hybrid polymer electrolytes and the like.
- Polymer matrixes of gel-type solid polymer electrolyte and hybrid polymer electrolyte are impregnated with excessive amount of electrolytic solution to obtain good ionic conductivity. However, some electrolytic solution impregnated into the polymer matrix can be leaked and reduce the characteristics as batteries.
- On the other hand, since an ionic conductivity of pure solid polymer electrolyte can be obtained by local segmental motion, pure solid polymer electrolyte prepared by using a polyether and a plasticizer salt has no leakage of electrolytic solution but has a reduced ionic conductivity. Grafted solid polymer electrolytes having polyoxyethylene side chains with low molecular weight for rapid chain migration have also been introduced to solve such problems.
- For example, a method for manufacturing a solid polymer electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt and a polymeric adduct prepared by reacting hydroxy-functional acrylic copolymer and polyether monoisocyanate is disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,337,184. The resulting solid polymer electrolyte has improved flexibility but the acrylic copolymer has no contribution to improve ionic conductivity.
- Recently, a polyether copolymer having oligooxyethylene side chains as a solid polymer electrolyte has been disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Publication Nos. 63-154736 and 63-241026, European Patent No. 434011 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,157. Although these solid polymer electrolytes show good ionic conductivity at low temperature, they show poor mechanical characteristics and the processes for preparing them are complicated.
- There have been also two conventional methods for preparing poly(N-substituted urethane).
- The first method of solution or melt polymerization is disclosed in German Patent Nos. 1,720,693, 1,720,706, and 1,720761. For example, N-methyl polyurethane having high molecular weight is prepared by polycondensation of α,α′-(4,4-di-N-methylaminodiphenyl)-p-diisopropyl benzene and bisphenol A bis(chlorocarbonic ester) in two-phase reaction medium comprising aqueous sodium hydride solution and methylene chloride/chlorobenzene mixture.
- The other method for preparing poly(N-substituted urethane) has been developed by the formation of polyurethane sodium salt through removing active hydrogen by using sodium hydride or sodium and then nucleaphilic substitution reaction with an alkyl halide. For example, polyurethane comprising ethylene glycol and methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) is dropped into sodium hydride dissolved in DMF to give polyurethane sodium salt. After one hour, the sodium salt is reacted with methyl iodide dissolved in DMF under inert gas atmosphere at 0° C. for two hours to produce the corresponding N-methyl polyurethane (See H. C. Beachell and J. C. Peterson Buck,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem., Ed. 7, “dilute solution studies of nitrogen-substituted polyurethanes”, 1873-1879, 1969).
- However, it has been reported that it is impossible to obtain carbamates corresponding to primary amines with the above-mentioned first method. Although the second method may complement the problem associated with the first method, the sodium hydride having strong basicity used in the second method invites the dissociation of urethanes as a side-reaction and thus, results in a reduced molecular weight of the final product, reduced physical properties and low yield of poly(N-substituted urethane). For example, a conversion rate to poly(N-methyl urethane) in the reaction of ethylene glycol and MDI is about 50% and when a substituent having higher molecular weight than methyl group is replaced for methyl, it is even less than 15% (See H. C. Beachell and J. C. Peterson Buck,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem., Ed. 7, “dilute solution studies of nitrogen-substituted polyurethanes”, 1873-1879, 1969). The poly(N-sub stituted urethane) has lower mechanical properties than polyurethane and thus it requires an introduction of crosslinking structure.
- Further, polyethyleneoxide-grafted polyurethane copolymer may be used for N-substitution reaction in the first method. However, the applications to solid polymer electrolytes obtained by using a polyether copolymer matrix having oligooxyethylene side chains are restricted due to the above-mentioned side reaction and low conversion rate.
- Therefore, there are increasing demands for preparing a polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) copolymer which provides an appropriate ionic conductivity and mechanical characteristics and is useful polymer matrix of solid polymer electrolytes by easily controlling the length of side chains, concentrations, compositions, structures and crosslinked degrees.
- Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid polymer electrolyte having excellent ionic conductivity, processing characteristics, molding characteristics and mechanical characteristics compared to the conventional solid electrolytes.
- In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having oligooxyethylene side chains suitable for the solid polymer electrolytic matrix. Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery and permeable membrane for an ion electrode prepared by using the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention.
- The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1a presents 1H-NMR spectrum of the polyether polyurethane prepared in preparation Example;
- FIG. 1b shows 13C-NMR spectrum of the polyether polyurethane prepared in preparation Example;
- FIG. 2a presents 1H-NMR spectrum of the polyether poly(N-methyl urethane) prepared in Example 1;
- FIG. 2b shows 13C-NMR spectrum of the polyether poly(N-methyl urethane) prepared in Example 1;
- FIG. 3a presents 1H-NMR spectrum of the polyether poly(N-oligoethoxy urethane) prepared in Example 8; and
- FIG. 3b presents 13C-NMR spectrum of the polyether poly(N-oligoethoxy urethane) prepared in Example 8.
- The present invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte of a polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) comprising an electrolyte compound and a polymer matrix, wherein the polymer matrix has 50,000-2,000,000 of an weight average molecular weight and comprises a polyether unit of the following formula (1) and a main chain structure of N-substituted urethane unit having oligooxyethylene side chains of the following formula (2):
- wherein R is a hydrogen atom or alkyl; R1, R2, and R3 are optionally alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or oligo(ethylene oxide) derivative and at least one is an oligo(ethylene oxide) derivative; I is isocyanate; E is glycol or amine having a number average molecular weight of 400 or less; m is an integer of 2-4; n is an integer of 1-60; and x is an integer of 1-5.
- The present invention is described in more detail as set forth hereunder. The solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention comprises an electrolyte compound such as inorganic salt and polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) matrix having oligooxyethylene side chains. The solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention can contain organic solvent as needed.
- Polyether polyol forming the polyether unit of formula (1) is preferably a diol or a triol having a molecular weight of 100-1500 such as a diol or triol selected from poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol, poly(oxyethylene) glycol, and poly(oxypropylene) glycol; a copolymerized polyol having a molecular weight of 100-1500 that is between ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; or a low- molecular weight polyol.
- In the urethane unit of formula (2), the isocyanate unit I can be an aromatic or aliphatic polyisocyanate. Examples of the isocyanate include but are not limited to 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4-biphenylene diisocyanate, 1,3-cyclophenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclophenylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-naphthalene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), bis(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane, bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane, m-xylene diisocyanate, and N,N′,N″-tris(6-isocyanatohexamethylene)biuret.
- In the urethane unit of formula (2), E of the urethane unit is a glycol or amine group having a number average molecular weight of less than 400. Examples of E include but are not limited to ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-butandiol, 1,6-hexandiol, neopentyl glycol, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tolylenediamine, 4,4′-biphenylenediamine, and isophorone diamine.
- In the urethane unit of formula (2), at least one of N-substituents R1, R2, and R3 is an oligo(ethylene oxide) derivative and an example is the following formula (3),
- —CH2CH2(OCH2CH2)—OR4 (3)
-
- Oligo(ethylene oxide) derivatives of formula (3) essentially used as an alkylating agent may be used alone or in a combination of two or more to control the length, composition, or structure of the side chain of the polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) depending on the purpose.
- Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having oligooxyethylene side chains of the present invention has a weight average molecular weight of 50,000-2,000,000, preferably 200,000-1,500,000. It provides the following characteristics to be useful for the solid polymer electrolytic matrix.
- The ionic conductivity is improved by increasing ionic concentration and ion migration. Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) comprises the main chain of a polyethylene oxide unit exhibiting excellent ionic conductivity and an urethane unit having improved ionic conductivity. The side chain of low molecular polyethylene oxide performs internal plasticizing action, resulting in increasing the dissociation of electrolytes, the formation of amorphous solid polymer electrolytes, and significant improvement in ionic conductivity with increased ion migration through the chain reaction.
- The polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) also has excellent physical characteristics through crosslinking of crosslinkable functional groups. The polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) further provides excellent thermal stability, electrochemical stability, processing characteristics, and low surface resistance between electrode and solid polymer electrolyte due to excellent adhesion to the electrode.
- It is possible to control the length, composition and structure of side chains by introducing side chains to the linear polymer. It is further possible to control the crosslinked degree by employing an appropriate amount and functionality of a crosslinking agent.
- The polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) of the invention solves the leakage of electrolytic liquid and prevents the corrosion of electrodes by using no or minimum amount of organic solvents. Therefore, it can be used in various electrochemical devices such as a secondary battery with less cost.
- The present invention further provides a method for preparing polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having the oligooxyethylene side chains. Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) of the present invention is prepared by reacting a polyether polyurethane and organic alkaline metal salt to give the polyether polyurethane metal salt and then alkylating the result metal salt with tosylate or mesylate. The reactions are presented as follows:
- wherein p is an integer of 1-60 and q is an integer of 10-100.
- In the above reactions, the polyether polyurethane metal salt is prepared by a general solution polymerization between the polyether polyurethane having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000-2,000,000 and alkaline organic metal salts. The reaction is performed under inert gas atmosphere at no higher than 15° C., preferably 0-15° C. The organic alkaline metal salt is preferably an organic metal salt of alkali metal. Examples of the organic alkali metal salt include but are not limited to potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK), lithium amide (LiNH2), sodium amide (NaNH2), and lithium diethylamide (LiN(CH2CH3)2). It can be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
- The preferred example of the organic alkali metal salt is potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK).
- In the reaction between the polyether polyurethane and the alkaline organic metal salt, the polyether polyurethane is prepared as a solution with the use of a solvent. The solvent is preferably a polar organic solvent. Examples of the polar organic solvents include tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamaide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or mixtures thereof.
- The obtained metal salt of polyether polyurethane is further alkylated with an alkylating agent chosen from tosylate and mesylate to produce the desired polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having oligo(oxyethylene) side chains.
- The reaction between the metal salt of polyether polyurethane and the alkylating agent is performed under inert gas atmosphere at no higher than 15° C., preferably 0-15° C. Tosylate or mesylate of oligo(oxyethylene oxide) derivatives of formula (3) is used as the alkylating agent which is selected from C1-C12 alkyl tosylate or alkyl mesylate, benzyl tosylate, 1-naphthyl tosylate, 9-anthryl tosylate, carboxymethyl tosylate and a mixture thereof.
- The oligo(ethylene oxide) derivative as the alkylating agent of formula (3) has a tosyl, acryl, methacryl or vinyl group, which is crosslinkable, at the end portion. Accordingly, it is possible to introduce crosslinked structure by a photo-crosslinking reaction after forming a film, a heat-initiated crosslinking reaction, or by a substitution reaction in a reaction medium. Therefore, the present invention performs an additional crosslinking reaction with crosslinkable functional group introduced at N-substituted group after performing the first and second reactions.
-
- As described above, the present invention is characterized by using an organic metal salt as a catalyst to reduce a side-reaction during the formation of poly(anions) and using a tosylate or mesylate compound, which has high nucleophilic substitution reaction rate, as an alkylating agent.
- The method for preparing polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) of the present invention reduces a side reaction problem which occurs in the conventional method using a strong base such as sodium and sodium hydride. The present invention provides the polymer having excellent mechanical characteristics and excellent substitution on N-position by using an alkaline organic metal salt and a tosylate compound. The tosylate compound has faster nucleophilic substituting rate than alkyl halogen compound which has been used for the conventional alkylating agent and introduces a crosslinked structure at the end portion. The crosslinked structure can be formed by a substitution in a solution or a photo-crosslinking reaction. Further, the present invention provides polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains obtained by using one or a mixture of alkylating agents to control easily the length, composition and structure.
- Electrolyte compound used in the present invention comprises anion and cation and can be dissolved in polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) solution. The electrolyte compound includes at least one cation selected from the group consisting of metal cation, ammonium ion, idium ion and guanidium ion, and at least one anion selected from the group consisting of chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, perchloric ion, thiocyanic ion, tetralluoroboric ion, nitric ion, AsF6 −, PF6 −, stearylsulfonic ion, octylsulfonic ion, dodecylbenzene sulfonic ion, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-puinodimethane ion, R′SO3—,(R′SO2)(R″SO2)N—, (R′SO2)(R″SO2) (R′″SO2)C—, and (R′SO2)(R″SO2)YC−, wherein each of R′, R″, R′″ and Y is an electron attracting group, preferably R′, R″ and R′″ are independently perfluoroalyl or perfluoroaryl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and Y is nitro, nitroso, carbonyl, carboxyl, cyano or trialkylammonium.
- Transition metal ion can be used as the metal cation and preferred ion is selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag and a mixture thereof. Further, satisfied result is obtained by using one selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba and a mixture thereof as the metal cation. It is possible to use two or more kinds of the above metal cations in combination as the electrolyte compound. Examples of the electrolyte compound include lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium trifluoromethansulfonate (LiCF3SO3), lithium bistrifluoromethansulfonylamide (LiTFSI), and a mixture thereof. Among them, LiPF6, LiClO4, LiCF3SO3, and LiTFSI are widely used for a secondary lithium battery because no substantial glass transition point is shown with addition of such electrolytes.
- In the present invention, a ratio of the number of moles of the electrolyte compound used for the total number of moles of ethylene oxide in the main chain and the side chain is preferred to be in the range of 0.0001-5, more preferred to be 0.001-0.5. If the ratio exceeds 5, processing characteristics, molding characteristics, mechanical strength and flexibility become inferior, resulting in a reduced ionic conductivity.
- In the present invention, the solid polymer electrolyte can be prepared by mechanically mixing the respective components or dissolving them with the use of a solvent and removing the solvent. As means of mechanically mixing, there can be performed by using kneaders, rolls or extruders, etc. When the dissolution of the components is performed by using the solvent, examples of the solvent include but are not limited to tetrahydrofuran, acetone, acetonitile, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, methylethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, and mixture thereof. These solvents are polar and can be used alone or in a combination thereof. The concentration of the solvent is not specifically limited, but it is preferably used in the range of 1-50 wt. %.
- Further, the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention can contain organic solvent at need. Preferred organic solvent of the solid polymer electrolyte is selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, diethoxy ethane, dimethoxy ethane, γ-butyactone and a mixture thereof.
- Other additives, used by one skilled in the art, such as an inorganic salt and ceramic filler, may be incorporated to the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention. When an inorganic salt is added with an organic solvent, it is preferred to use 5-15 wt. % to the total weight of the electrolyte. Examples of the ceramic filler are silica, alumina, lithium aluminate, zeolite and a mixture thereof and it is preferred to use 5-25 wt. % to the total weight of the electrolyte.
- The solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention is useful to form a thin film having a large-surface area and flexibility. The solid polymer electrolyte is also used for producing batteries by combining positive electrode and negative electrode. Examples of positive electrode materials used for the batteries include lithium-manganese complex oxide, lithium-cobaltate, vanadium pentoxide olyacene, polypyrene, polyaniline, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polypyrrol, polyfuran and polyazulene. Examples of negative electrode materials include interlaminated compound wherein lithium is occluded between layers of graphite or carbon, cobalt—lithium or lithium—lead alloy.
- Further, the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention is used for permeable membrane of an ion electrode such as alkali metal ion, Cu ion, Ca ion and Mg ion having high electric conductivity.
- Furthermore, the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention is also effectively useful for solid batteries, condensers having large capacity, and electrochromic display due to its excellent processing characteristics, molding characteristics, mechanical strength and flexibility.
- The following examples are intended to further illustrate the present invention without limiting its scope.
- Example of Preparation of Polyether Polyurethane
- Polyethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of 400 and bis(4-isocyanatophenyl) methane are mixed to be an equivalent ratio of 1.05: 1 (isocyante : hydroxy group). The mixture was placed in 20 wt. % of tetrahydrofuran and the mixture was reacted under inert gas atmosphere at 50° C. for 5 hours to give polyether polyurethane. The obtained polyether polyurethane has 105,000 of a weight average molecular weight and 278° C. of a pyrolytic temperature in the air measured for 5 wt. % of loss.
-
- Examples of Preparation of Polyether Poly(N-substituted Urethane)
- 10 wt. % tetrahydrofuran of the polyether polyurethane prepared in the above Example was placed into a reactor and an argon gas was passed therein while maintaining a temperature below 10° C. To a reaction mixture was added t-BuOK and reacted for 2 hrs at a temperature of below 10° C. to obtain potassium salt of polyurethane. The result salt was further reacted with methyl tosylate under inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of below 10° C. for 2 hrs and then a small amount of methanol was added to decompose un-reacted t-BuOK. Distilled water was added to precipitate out a polymer and remove by-product tosylate metal salt. The product of polyether poly(N-methyl urethane) was isolated. The pyrolytic temperature and weight average molecular weight were determined and are shown in Table 1.
-
- 10 wt. % tetrahydrofuran of the polyether polyurethane was placed into a reactor and an argon gas was passed therein while maintaining a temperature below 10° C. To a reaction mixture was added t-BuOK and reacted for 2 hrs at a temperature of below 10° C. to obtain potassium salt of polyurethane. The result salt was further reacted with butyl tosylate under inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of below 10° C. for 2 hrs and then a small amount of methanol was added to decompose un-reacted t-BuOK. Distilled water was added to precipitate out a polymer and remove by-product tosylate metal salt. The product, polyether poly(N-butyl urethane), was isolated and the pyrolytic temperature was determined. The pyrolytic temperature and the weight average molecular weight are shown in Table 1.
- 10 wt. % tetrahydrofuran of the polyether polyurethane was placed into a reactor and an argon gas was passed therein while maintaining a temperature below 10° C. To a reaction mixture was added t-BuOK and reacted for 2 hrs at a temperature of below 10° C. to obtain potassium salt of polyurethane. The result salt was further reacted with polyethylene glycol (Mn 200) ditosylate under inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of below 10° C. for 3 hrs to partially substitute N-position. Tosylate of trioxyethylene glycol monomethylether was then added and reacted for 10 hrs. After the reaction was completed, a small amount of methanol was added to decompose un-reacted t-BuOK. Ether was added to precipitate out a polymer and remove by-product tosylate metal salt. The precipitate was dissolved in distilled water and the solution was extracted with methylene chloride to obtain polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having trioxyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (conversion rate 95%). The pyrolytic temperature and weight average molecular weight were determined and summarized in Table 1.
- 10 wt. % tetrahydrofuran of the polyether polyurethane was placed into a reactor and an argon gas was passed therein while maintaining a temperature below 10° C. To a reaction mixture was added t-BuOK and reacted for 2 hrs at a temperature of below 10° C. to obtain potassium salt of polyurethane. The result salt was further reacted with polyethylene glycol (Mn 200) ditosylate under inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of below 10° C. for 3 hrs to partially substitute N-position. Tosylate of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether having a number average molecular weight of 350 was then added and reacted for 10 hrs. After the reaction was completed, a small amount of methanol was added to decompose un-reacted t-BuOK. Ether was added to precipitate out a polymer and remove by-product tosylate metal salt. The precipitate was dissolved in distilled in distilled water and the solution was extracted with methylene chloride to obtain polyether poly(N-substitute urethane) having polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (conversion rate 95%). The pyrolytic temperature and weight average molecular weight were determined and summarized in Table 1.
- 10 wt. % tetrahydrofuran of the polyether polyurethane prepared in Preparation Example was placed into a reactor and an argon gas was passed therein while maintaining a temperature below 10° C. To a reaction mixture was added 50 mol % t-BuOK and reacted for 2 hrs at a temperature of below 10° C. to obtain potassium salt of polyurethane. The result salt was further reacted with 50 mol % methyl tosylate to urethane in polyether polyurethane under inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of below 10° C. for 2 hrs. After the reaction was completed, a small amount of methanol was added to decompose un-reacted t-BuOK and distilled water was added to precipitate out a polymer and remove by-product tosylate metal salt. The precipitate was dissolved in distilled water and the solution was extracted with methylene chloride to obtain 50 mol % substituted polyether poly(N-methyl urethane). The pyrolytic temperature and weight average molecular weight were determined and shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Polyether Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) Category polyurethane Exam. 1 Exam. 2 Exam. 3 Exam. 4 Exam. 5 Mw 1) 105,000 85,000 95,000 492,000 245,000 88,000 Tp(° C)2) 278 365 355 354 343 312 - As shown in Table 1, it is noted that there is no reduction of molecular weight due to decomposition of the polyether polyurethane as the starting material in the process for preparing poly(N-substituted urethane). It is capable of preparing crosslinked polyether poly(N-substituted urethanes) using a crosslinking agent in Examples 3 and 4. Not only butyl group in Examples 1 and 2 but also trioxyethylene monomethylether or polyethylene glycol monomethylether having 350 of a number average molecular weight in Examples 3 and 4 were substituted on the N-position. Further, the polyether poly(N-substituted urethanes) prepared according to the present invention have excellent thermal stability in thermo-gravimetric analysis.
- 10 wt. % tetrahydrofuran of the polyether polyurethane was placed into a reactor and an argon gas was passed therein while maintaining a temperature below 5° C. To a reaction mixture was slowly added 1 equivalent of t-BuOK and reacted for 2 hrs at a temperature of below 5° C. to obtain potassium salt of polyurethane. The result salt was further reacted with 1 equivalent of tosyl dioxyehtylene methyl ether to urethane of polyether polyurethane under inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of below 5° C. for 12 hrs. After the reaction was completed, ether was added to remove solvent and un-reacted compound. The obtained product was dissolved in distilled water and extracted with methylene chloride to obtain substituted N-methyl polyether polyurethane and remove potassium salt of tosylate. The solvent was evaporated to produce polyether poly(N-dioxyethylene methyl ether urethane) having high viscosity. The poly(N-dioxyethylene methyl ether urethane) has a weight average molecular weight of 75,000 and the conversion rate is over 95% in FT-IR analysis.
- 1 g of the polyether poly(N-dioxyethylene methyl ether urethane) was dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran. The resulting solution was added to lithium perchlorate in tetrahydrofuran to make a ratio of the number of moles of the electrolyte compound to the number of moles of ethylene oxide 0.005. The mixture solution was formed to a thin film by using Teflon molding machine and then sufficiently dried.
- Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) partially crosslinked with oligooxy ethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 492,000 was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 6, except using 95 mol % of tosyl trioxyethylene methylether and 5 mol % of oligooxy ethylene ditosylate which is crosslinkable, instead of 100 mol % of tosyl dioxyehtylene methyl ether.
- A solid polymer electrolyte was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 6, except performing that 1 g of the obtained polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) was dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with acetonitrile solution of lithium triflate to make a ratio of the number of moles of the lithium triflate to the number of moles of ethylene oxide 0.005.
- Polyether poly(N-sub stituted urethane) partially crosslinked with oligooxy ethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 245,000 was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except using 95 mol % of tosyl heptaoxyethylene methylether and 5 mol % of oligooxy ethylene ditosylate, instead of 100 mol % of tosyl dioxyehtylene methyl ether.
- Solid polymer electrolyte was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except performing that 1 g of the obtained polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) was dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with acetonitrile solution of lithium triflate to make a ratio of the number of moles of the lithium triflate to the number of moles of ethylene oxide 0.005.
-
- Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having a weight average molecular weight of 85,000 was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except using 60 mol % of tosylate and 40 mol % of tosyl heptaoxyethylene methylether, instead of 100 mol % of tosyl dioxyehtylene methyl ether. The conversion rate was 95%.
- Solid polymer electrolyte was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except performing that 1 g of the obtained polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) was dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with acetonitrile solution of lithium triflate to make a ratio of the number of moles of the lithium triflate to the number of moles of ethylene oxide 0.005.
- Polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) having a weight average molecular weight of 87,400 was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except using 40 mol % of tosylate and 60 mol % of tosyl heptaoxyethylene methylether, instead of 100 mol % of tosyl dioxyehtylene methyl ether. The conversion rate was 95%.
- Solid polymer electrolyte was prepared by the same procedure as that of Example 6, except performing that 1 g of the obtained polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) was dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with acetonitrile solution of lithium triflate to make a ratio of the number of moles of the lithium triflate to the number of moles of ethylene oxide 0.005.
- Such characteristics as glass transition temperatures and ionic conductivities of the polyether poly(N-substituted urethanes) prepared in Examples 6-10 were measured and summarized in Table 2.
- Glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured in nitrogen atmosphere under the condition of a temperature of from −100° C. to 80° C. and a heating rate of 10° C./min, using a differential scanning calorimeter DSC (manufactured by Rigaku Denki Co., Ltd.).
- For the measurement of ionic conductivity, the solid polymer electrolyte was sandwiched between two stainless steel sheets used as electrodes and the ionic conductivity was absorbed at a temperature of 30° C. by using frequency responding analyzer.
TABLE 2 Examples Category 6 7 8 9 10 Mw 1) of polyether poly(N- 71,500 492,000 245,000 85,000 87,400 substituted urethane) Tg 2) of polyether poly(N- −35 −47 −54 −39 −51 substituted urethane) (° C.) Ionic conductivity of electrolyte 5.8 × 10−6 6.9 × 10−6 8.9 × 10−6 9.74 × 10−6 6.71 × 10−5 (S/cm)/30° C. Physical property Free Free Free Free Free standing standing standing standing standing film film film film film - As shown in Table 2, the polyether poly(N-substituted urethanes) prepared in Examples 7 and 8 have higher molecular weight than those in Examples 6, 9, and 10 because of better formation of the crosslinked structure, while the polyether poly(N-substituted urethane)s prepared in Examples 6, 9, and 10 provide higher ionic conductivities because of longer side chains. Especially, the polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) prepared in Example 10 has the highest ionic conductivity and it is noted that crystallizability is minimized with an increase of the side chain length formed in a combination of short and long substituents.
- As a result, it indicates that the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte of the present invention can be controlled by changing the length, composition, and structure of the side chains within the scope of the invention.
- As described above, the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention provides excellent thermal stability, electrochemical stability and mechanical strength and superior flexibility and ionic conductivity. The characteristics can be controlled by adjusting the length, composition, structure and crosslinked degree of the side chains of polyether poly(N-sub stituted urethane) matrix. Therefore, the solid polymer electrolyte can be used for electrochemical devices such as a polymer secondary battery.
- While the invention has been described with respect to the above specific embodiments, it should be recognized that various modifications and changes may be made to the invention by those skilled in the art which also fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (21)
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KR1020000057810A KR20020026616A (en) | 2000-10-02 | 2000-10-02 | Method for producing N-substituted polyether polyurethane |
KR2000-57810 | 2000-10-02 | ||
KR00-62811 | 2000-10-25 | ||
KR2000-62811 | 2000-10-25 | ||
KR10-2000-0062811A KR100376284B1 (en) | 2000-10-25 | 2000-10-25 | Solid polymer electrolyte composition based on N-substituted polyurethane |
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US10/714,064 Expired - Fee Related US6864328B2 (en) | 2000-10-02 | 2003-11-13 | Process for preparing polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20040024166A1 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-02-05 | Takayuki Hattori | Conductive urethane composition, conductive roller composed of conductive urethane composition |
US20130078499A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-03-28 | Empire Technology Development, Llc | Rechargeable organosodium polymer battery |
CN107389717A (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-24 | 株式会社Lg化学 | Vulcanize the analysis method of the sulfur-crosslinked key length in rubber |
CN107394264A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-24 | 安徽大学 | Resistant to elevated temperatures aqueous polyurethane solid electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
CN111477947A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2020-07-31 | 清陶(昆山)能源发展有限公司 | Inorganic-organic composite solid electrolyte membrane and processing technology thereof |
CN113583243A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-11-02 | 深圳市贝特瑞新能源技术研究院有限公司 | Polymer electrolyte, preparation method of polymer electrolyte membrane and lithium ion battery |
US20220119651A1 (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2022-04-21 | Ndsu Research Foundation | Amphiphilic siloxane-polyurethane fouling-release coatings |
US20230323014A1 (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2023-10-12 | Halio, Inc. | Electrochromic multi-layer devices with cross-linked ion conducting polymer |
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US8415165B2 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2013-04-09 | APDN (B.V.I.), Inc. | System and method for authenticating sports identification goods |
JP5122063B2 (en) * | 2004-08-17 | 2013-01-16 | 株式会社オハラ | Lithium ion secondary battery and solid electrolyte |
KR100773247B1 (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2007-11-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Lithium Secondary Battery Having Improved Stability to Overcharge |
US8133707B2 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2012-03-13 | Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of preparing activated polymers having alpha nitrogen groups |
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GB1218469A (en) | 1967-08-03 | 1971-01-06 | Bayer Ag | Linear polyurethanes and a process for their preparation |
DE1720706C3 (en) | 1967-08-26 | 1979-12-20 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Thermoplastic, non-linear "1 <> lekl> la ™ polyurethanes and processes for their manufacture |
DE1720761C3 (en) | 1967-12-08 | 1979-12-06 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Linear high molecular weight polyurethanes and processes for their manufacture |
US3640955A (en) | 1967-08-26 | 1972-02-08 | Bayer Ag | Linear polyurethane of di- or tri-nuclear n n'-dialkyldiamines and di- or tri-nuclear dihydroxyl compounds |
JPS63241026A (en) | 1986-11-17 | 1988-10-06 | Osaka Soda Co Ltd | Polyether polymer containing oligooxyethylene chain |
JPH0768336B2 (en) | 1986-12-18 | 1995-07-26 | ダイソー株式会社 | Process for producing polyether copolymer having oligooxyethylene side chain |
US5216087A (en) * | 1989-06-14 | 1993-06-01 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Process for the preparation of sulfonated polyethyleneoxide-substituted polymers with improved blood compatibility |
CA2032313A1 (en) | 1989-12-21 | 1991-06-22 | Simon Hsiao-Pao Yu | Additive for imparting electro-static dissipative properties in plastic materials and method relating thereto |
US5337184A (en) | 1993-01-07 | 1994-08-09 | Ford Motor Company | Acrylic thermoplastic ionic conductor |
CA2175950C (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2008-12-02 | Shinzo Kohjiya | Polymer solid electrolyte |
EP1208129B1 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2009-03-25 | The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia | Derivatized polyurethane compositions and methods of making |
-
2001
- 2001-10-01 US US09/968,734 patent/US6680149B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-11-13 US US10/714,064 patent/US6864328B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
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US20040024166A1 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-02-05 | Takayuki Hattori | Conductive urethane composition, conductive roller composed of conductive urethane composition |
US20130078499A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-03-28 | Empire Technology Development, Llc | Rechargeable organosodium polymer battery |
US9350012B2 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2016-05-24 | Empire Technology Development, Llc | Rechargeable organosodium polymer battery |
US20230323014A1 (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2023-10-12 | Halio, Inc. | Electrochromic multi-layer devices with cross-linked ion conducting polymer |
CN107389717A (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-24 | 株式会社Lg化学 | Vulcanize the analysis method of the sulfur-crosslinked key length in rubber |
CN107394264A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-24 | 安徽大学 | Resistant to elevated temperatures aqueous polyurethane solid electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
CN111477947A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2020-07-31 | 清陶(昆山)能源发展有限公司 | Inorganic-organic composite solid electrolyte membrane and processing technology thereof |
US20220119651A1 (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2022-04-21 | Ndsu Research Foundation | Amphiphilic siloxane-polyurethane fouling-release coatings |
CN113583243A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-11-02 | 深圳市贝特瑞新能源技术研究院有限公司 | Polymer electrolyte, preparation method of polymer electrolyte membrane and lithium ion battery |
Also Published As
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US6680149B2 (en) | 2004-01-20 |
US6864328B2 (en) | 2005-03-08 |
US20040097696A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
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